Unit4语法（知识清单）-英语四年级下册单元速记·巧练系列（人教PEP版）

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2023-2024学年英语四年级下册单元速记·巧练系列（人教PEP版）语法（知识清单）Unit 4 At the farm 可数名词变复数的规则一般情况下，在单数名词词尾加“s”如：cat—cats dog—dogs book—books ruler—rulers在以s,ss,x,sh,ch结尾的名词一般后面加“es”如：box—boxes peach—peaches bus—buses class—classes在以o结尾的单词一般后面加“es”如：tomato—tomatoes potato—potatoes以元音字母加y结尾的名词，直接加“s”如：boy—boys toy—toys day—days以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，去掉y后加“ies”如：baby—babies lady—ladies butterfly-butterflies以f,fe结尾的名词，去掉f或fe后加“ves”如：shelf—shelves leaf—leaves knife—knives小贴士以“o”结尾的名词变复数有生命的名词后加es,例：potato-potatoes土豆 tomato-tomatoes西红柿 hero -heroes英雄无生命的名词后加s。例：photo-photos照片 piano -pianos钢琴 kilo -kilos千克radio -radios收音机 zoo -zoos动物园like的用法①like意为“喜欢”,后可接名词。【句型结构】主语+like/likes+名词例：I like bananas.我喜欢香蕉。He likes carrots.他喜欢胡萝卜。②like后也可接动词不定式，意为喜欢做某事，to后接动词原形。例：I like to sing songs.我喜欢唱歌。③表示喜欢做某事，like后面也可以接动词ing例：I like singing.我喜欢唱歌。She likes dancing.她喜欢跳舞how much的用法①用来询问某物的数量，后接不可数名词。例：How much milk is there in the glass?玻璃杯里有多少牛奶?②用来询问某物的重量。例：-How much does the pig weigh?这头猪多重?-80kg. 80干克。③how much意为“多少钱”时，用来询问价格，可单独使用，也可构成词组how much money,但英语中常省略money。例：-How much is the eraser?这块橡皮多少钱?-One yuan.一元钱。④用来询问数字计算的结果，相当于what。例：-How much/What is three plus one? 三加一等于几?-It's four. 等于四。重点句型解析—Are these carrots?这些是胡萝卜吗?—Yes,they are.是的。【详解】问句是“Is this a carrot?”的复数形式；these意思是“这些”,是this的复数形式；carrots是carrot的复数形式。回答时为了避免重复，一般不用these回答，多用they代指。一般疑问句句型结构：Be动词(Is/Are)+代词+名词?肯定回答：Yes,主语+be动词(is/are).否定回答：No,主语+be动词(is/are)+not.例句：—Are these pencils?这些是铅笔吗?—Yes,they are./No,they aren't.是的。/不，不是。【拓展】含有实义动词的一般疑问句要借助于助动词do和does来构成，将其放到句首，其他词顺序不变。肯定回答用“Yes,主语+do/does.”,否定回答用“No,主语+don't/doesn't.”。如：—Does your mother go to work?你妈妈去上班吗?—Yes,she does./No,she doesn't.是的，她去上班。/不，她不上班。—Do you like apples?你喜欢苹果吗?—Yes,I do./No,I don't.是的，我喜欢。/不，我不喜欢。They're so long!它们好长啊!【详解】这个句子用于描述物品特征，其中they为代词，代指前面提到的复数名词。句型结构：主语+be动词(is/are)+(描述物体特征的)形容词.例句：The tomatoes are red.西红柿是红色的。This pencil is long.这支铅笔很长。I like tomatoes.我喜欢西红柿。【详解】这个句子用来表达某人喜欢什么,like意思是“喜欢”,后可接名词。句型结构：主语+like/likes +名词.例句：I like bananas.我喜欢香蕉。He likes carrots.他喜欢胡萝卜。【拓展】like后也可接动词不定式，意思是“喜欢做某事”,to后接动词原形。如：I like to sing songs.我喜欢唱歌。He likes to play basketball with his friends.他喜欢和朋友们打篮球。—How many horses do you have?你有多少匹马?—Seventeen.十七匹。【详解】这组对话用来询问及回答某人有多少某物。句型结构：How many +可数名词复数形式+do you have?例句：How many books do you have?你有多少本书?How many pencils do you have?你有多少支铅笔?What are those?那些是什么?【详解】这是由what引导的特殊疑问句，用来询问某物是什么。句型结构：What+be动词(is/are)+代词?回答：代词+be动词(is/are)+名词.例句：—What are these?这些是什么?—They are sheep.它们是绵羊。—What is that? 那是什么?—It's a dog.是一条狗。巩固练习写出下列单词的复数形式。1．sheep 2．hen 3．cow 4．horse 5．potato 选择题。( )6．Mr MacDonald has _______ horses. A．a lot B．lot of C．a lot of( )7．We can see three _______ there. A．potatoes B．potatos C．potato( )8．There are five horses and ten _______ on the farm. A．sheep B．sheeps C．rabbit( )9．—Are these hens? —_______A．Yes, it is. B．Yes, there are. C．No, they aren’t.( )10．—What _______ these? They’re yellow. —They’re tomatoes. Try some, please.A．is B．am C．are( )11．—How many ______ do you have? —Twenty.A．tomato B．tomatoes C．tomatos( )12．The ______ are so long. I like them for dinner. A．sweaters B．hens C．green beans( )13．—What are these? —________ carrots.A．They are B．It is C．Those are( )14．—What are these? —______ watermelons.A．These are B．This is C．They are( )15．Those are ___________. A．sheep B．cat C．carrot选词填空。16．—What are (that / those)?—They are horses.17．What (is / are) these?18．—What are they?  —They are (sheep / sheeps).19．—Are they apples? —No, they (don’t / aren’t).20．Look! The potatoes (is / are) big.连词成句。21．make, onions, the, cry, me (.) 22．many, horses, can, how, you, see (?) 23．tomatoes, yellow, the, are (.) 24．are, those, hens, cows, and (.) 25．sheep, those, are (?) 26．love, they, carrots, to, love (.) 句型转换。27．Are these carrots? (做肯定回答) , .28．They are tomatoes. (对画线部分提问) these?29．Are these tomatoes? (做否定回答)No, .30．These are cats. (改为一般疑问句) cats?31．I like sheep. (改为否定句)I sheep.用所给单词的适当形式填空，完成短文。Wow! It’s a big farm. Look at these white 32 (sheep). They are fat. And they are so cute! I see four 33 (hen). They are small. I see three 34 (cow). They are black and white. They’re so big. Can you see any 35 (horse)? They are eating grass. Look! Are those sheep over there? No, no, no! They are 36 (goat).阅读海报poster，选择正确的选项。( )37．The rabbit has ________. A．a long body B．long ears C．a long tail( )38．In Chinese old stories, the dragon is a ________ animal. A．cute B．quiet C．great( )39．What does the underlined word “smart” mean? It means ________. A．聪明的 B．调皮的 C．强壮的( )40．Lily’s dad was born (出生于) in 1977. He is a ________. A．rabbit B．dragon C．snake( )41．Which is the best title (标题) for this poster? ________. A．Chinese Food B．Chinese New Year Animals C．Chinese School仿写。42．例：What are these?  They are carrots.    those; socks43．例： carrots  What are these?  They are carrots. potatoes44．看图片仿照例子写句子。例：Look at the tomatoes. They’re so big.green beans           参考答案：The rabbit is cute. It can jump. It has long ears. They help the rabbit listen. They keep the rabbit cool. The dragon is strong. It can fly. It is a great animal in Chinese old stories. People in China love it very much. Do you like it? The snake is clever. It is quiet. It has a long body. It sleeps in winter. When spring comes, the snake gets out. You are a rabbit: You are very nice. People like you. You have many friends. You are a dragon: You are helpful. You like to help your friends. They all like you. You are a snake: You are smart. You like thinking (思考) . You have many good ideas. 1．sheep 2．hens 3．cows 4．horses 5．potatoes6．C7．A8．A9．C10．C11．B12．C13．A14．C15．A16．those17．are18．sheep19．aren’t20．are21．The onions make me cry.22．How many horses can you see?23．The tomatoes are yellow.24．Those are hens and cows./Those are cows and hens.25．Are those sheep?26．They love to eat carrots.27．Yes they are28．What are29．they aren’t30．Are these31．don’t like32．sheep 33．hens 34．cows 35．horses 36．goats37．B 38．C 39．A 40．C 41．B42．What are those?  They are socks.43．What are these?  They are potatoes.44．Look at green beans. They’re so long.