双鸭山市第一中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份双鸭山市第一中学2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷(含答案)，共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，语法填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
We can cnfirm that there's nthing wrse than being stuck in a sweaty ffice when the weather is glrius utside. Thankfully, there are lads f parks and grand green spaces in Lndn fr us t escape t fr a lunchtime picnic break, an after-wrk snack r a weekend-lng feast in the fresh air.
Kew Gardens
Sme f the clest picnic spts in the city are within the flwery brders f famus Kew Gardens. Yu have t pay t have a lk arund but it's ttally wrth it-especially t have a walk inside the newly repened Temperate Huse, which is stuffed full f impressive and rare plants. Once yu've spent n entry (£16.50), bringing a picnic will definitely save yu sme pennies.
Primrse Hill
It's easy t see why Primrse Hill is s ppular during lng and sleepy summer afternns, thanks t thse incredible views acrss the city. But it's nt just the skyline that makes this a ppular dining destinatin. The peak f Primrse Hill is als a shrt walk frm Abbey Rad and Lndn Z.
Hlland Park
Hlland Park is ften vershadwed by its ryal neighbur Kensingtn Palace Gardens, but it's an undeniably picturesque picnic spt. There's a lt t see, frm wdland and wildlife t sculpture and the Japanese-style Kyt Garden, plus there are tennis curts, ftball pitches and spts t play glf, cricket and netball.
Green Park
Enjying a picnic in Green Park is guaranteed t be a lively affair. Visitrs and lcals alike flck here thanks t the park's rather famus neighbur. The Queen's gaff aside, Green Park has its wn rather attractive scenery, with statues, water funtains and, in spring, daffdils as far as the eye can see.
1．What des the writer try t intrduce t us?
A. Sprts fields. B. Picnic places.
C. Histrical sites.D. Cmmunity parks.
2．Which might a sprtsman like best?
A.Kew Gardens. B.Primrse Hill.C.Hlland Park.D. Green Park.
3．What d Green Park, Primrse Hill and Hlland Park have in cmmn?
A.They are near anther famus site.
B.They have a ppular skyline.
C.They all have statues and water funtains.
D. They are vershadwed by their neighburs.
Frm the back seat f a rental car, 2-year-ld Hagen repeatedly asked his parents the same questin: “Where’s Buzz?” Ashley Davis realized she had left her sn’s favrite Buzz Lightyear actin figure n the plane. She calmly explained t her sn that Buzz was n a “special missin” and wuld return t him shrtly. In fact, she was planning t purchase a replacement ty at a nearby stre. Little did Davis knw that Buzz was, in fact, n a special missin and wuld sn be back.
Jasn William Hamm, an peratins agent at Suthwest Airlines, discvered the ty in the plane. He nticed the name Hagen n the bttm f Buzz’s bt. “I was thinking abut hw this little by is missing his little buddy,” Hamm said. Once he tracked dwn Hagen’s barding recrd, he sent an email t the family, asking fr the address.
While waiting fr a respnse, Hamm gt creative. He tk phts f Buzz in frnt f an airplane, an engine and even a cckpit (驾驶员座舱). And he didn’t stp there. Hamm wrte a letter t Hagen, cmplete with a Buzz Lightyear lg.
“T Cmmander Hagen,” the letter reads. “I am very excited t return t yu upn cmpleting my missin. I was able t explre the airprt and spaceprt in Little Rck, Arkansas while I was away, and I have included phts f my adventure. My jurney has taught me a lt but I am s thankful t return t my buddy.” Once hearing back frm the Davis family, Hamm printed ut the phts he tk, bubble-wrapped Buzz, and put in the handwritten letter. Then he decrated the utside f the cardbard bx with a drawing f Buzz Lightyear, stars and planets.
Upn pening the package, Davis was speechless. “Yu culd see all the lve he put int it,” she said. Hagen was extremely surprised. His excitement was caught n camera, and the cuple sent a vide f his reactin t Hamm. “Seeing the by’s smile made it all wrth it,” Hamm said.
4．What happened t Hagen’s ty?
A. It was missing accidentally.B. It didn’t get abard the plane.
C. It gt replaced at a nearby stre.D. It was assigned a special missin.
5．What did Hamm d when he fund the ty?
A. He made a phne call t its wner.
B. He turned t the airprt staff fr help.
C. He traced the infrmatin abut its wner.
D. He tk phts f it and psted them nline.
6．Why did Hamm write the letter?
A. T surprise Hagen with an interesting stry.
B. T cnvince Hagen that the ty is humanlike.
C. T share his adventurus experience with Hagen.
D. T shw the ty’s strng attachment t its wner.
7．What des Davis think f Hamm’s deed?
A. Creative.B. Caring.C. Heric.D. Charitable.
A handful f healthy sil culd cntain great numbers f living rganisms. Hwever, pisnus pesticides (杀虫剂) are causing harm and destructin t them, accrding t a recent analysis.
Fr the analysis, researchers lked thrugh nearly 400 published studies including ver 2,800 experiments n hw pesticides affect sil rganisms. They fund that pesticides harmed rganisms critical t maintaining healthy sils, but these harms have never been cnsidered in the safety reviews f the EPA (Envirnmental Prtectin Agency).Pisnus pesticides are driving factrs in the sharp decline f many sil rganisms, such as grund beetles. They have been identified as the mst significant driver f sil bidiversity lss in the last ten years.
Hwever, that research has always been ignred. The EPA, which is respnsible fr pesticide supervisin(监管)in the cuntry, penly acknwledges that smewhere between 50 and 100 percent f all agriculturally applied pesticides end up n the sil. Yet, t assess pesticides’ harms t sil species, the agency just uses a single test species, the Eurpean hneybee, t estimate risk t all sil rganisms. It spends its entire life abve grund in artificial bxes.
Wrse still, as sil health gain ppularity glbally, pesticide cmpanies have jumped up t green wash and prmte their prducts. Every majr cmpany is nw advertising its rle in imprving sil health, such as advcating planting cver crps. As general beliefs, these practices are indeed gd fr sil health and, if adpted respnsibly, are a great step t take. But cmpanies knw that these practices are ften accmpanied by increased pesticide use. Chemicals and pesticides have t be applied mre frequently t kill weeds befre crps are planted.
The lng-term envirnmental cst can n lnger be verlked. Sils are sme f the mst cmplex ecsystems n Earth, cntaining nearly a quarter f the planet’s bidiversity. Prtecting them shuld be a pririty, nt an afterthught.
8．What des the underlined wrd “They” refer t in Paragraph 2?
A. Sil rganisms.B. Grund beetles.
C. Artificial bxes.D. Pisnus pesticides.
9．What can we learn frm Paragraph 3?
A. The hneybee is a typical species living in nature.
B. The assessment f pesticides’ harms is ne-sided.
C. Less than half f applied pesticide g t the sil eventually.
D. The EPA attaches great imprtance t pesticide inspectin.
10．Why d pesticide cmpanies advcate planting cver crps?
A. T bey the EPA’s rules.
B. T increase their prduct sales.
C. T prtect the envirnment.
D. T shulder their scial respnsibility.
11．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A. Sil: essential t agriculture.
B. Pesticides: harmful t sil health.
C. Organisms: significant t harvest.
D. Pllutin: destructive t bidiversity.
Parents and teachers wrry abut the lss f learning caused by the COVID-19 and want t catch up immediately. But it’s unrealistic t think that a few mnths will fully clse the gaps.
Educatrs tend t underestimate the imprtance f knwledge, as thugh rte (死记硬背) teaching harms teaching higher-rder thinking. But science shws therwise. The prcesses that teachers care abut mst, like critical thinking, are clsely intercnnected with factual knwledge stred in lng-term memry. Yet we cntinue t rmanticize an impssible shrtcut: teaching critical thinking as if it were a universally applicable skill.
Take the subject f reading, which schls see as thinking skills that can be taught directly: I will teach students what an inference is. Actually, students make inferences when they can read fluently and have the vcabulary and backgrund knwledge t name what is unsaid.
Educatrs als ften underestimate memry. Cgnitive (认知的) scientist Paul Kirschner argues that building memry is “the aim f all teaching” and that “if nthing has changed in lng-term memry, nthing has been learned”. At the end f a lessn, if students appear t understand an idea, their teacher may think, “Great, they really understand the pint.” But if weeks later, the students frget it, learning has nt really ccurred.
Finally, we must cnsider students’ emtinal needs. Belnging is ne f the mst prfund (深切的) human emtins. Cnsider a classrm in which students are scialized t cmment: “I agree with Cassidy and want t prvide anther example.” That cnveys t Cassidy that her cmments were meaningful. This wuld als be achieved if, when Cassidy is speaking, her classmates are lking at her, ndding and sending psitive nnverbal scial signals that they value her wrds. Only peers can prvide this sense f belnging, but teachers can cultivate the envirnment.
All in all, if we want t benefit students, we must grund ur teaching in the science that value knwledge and memry, and the rle that belnging plays in students’ study.
12．What can we knw abut critical thinking accrding t the passage?
A. It can be taught directly.B. It is gradually frmed.
C. It is deeply rted in reading.D. It is universally applicable.
13．Accrding t Paul Kirschner, when des real learning happen?
A. When students perfrm well in class activities.
B. When students understand what has been taught.
C. When students achieve changes in lng-term memry.
D. When students start t frget unnecessary infrmatin.
14．What is the main idea f Paragraph 5?
A. Nnverbal scial signals matters in class.
B. Being sciable in the classrm is imprtant.
C. Students shuld supprt each ther in class discussins.
D. Classrms are where the feeling f belnging is develped.
15．What is the authr’s purpse in writing the text?
A. T urge schls t teach mre knwledge.
B. T shw cncern abut the influence f COVID-19.
C. T prmte higher-rder thinking like critical thinking.
D. T suggest a scientific way t catch up the lss f learning.
二、七选五
16． Aplgizing fr a mistake might seem difficult, but it will help yu repair and imprve yur relatinships with thers after that ffense.
Acknwledge the ffense. This is an essential element f a gd aplgy. ① ______ Aplgies are mst likely t be well-received if yu shw that yu recgnize wh was respnsible and wh was harmed. Fr example, saying "I made a mistake" is mre effective than saying "mistakes were made", which fails t clarify respnsibility.
② ______In sme cases, it's helpful t explain an ffense, especially t explain that it was nt intentinal and that it will nt happen again. But explanatins that are lng-winded, sund like excuses, r blame the victim (e.g. Yu were really getting n my nerves.) tend t have an ppsite effect.
Express regret. ③ ______Expressing these feelings cmmunicates that yu recgnize and regret the suffering yu caused. Be careful f phrases like "That was uncharacteristic f me." ④ ______Instead, acknwledge yur disappintment in yurself and make yur cmmitment t imprve.
Tell them hw yu'll change. Let them knw hw yu'll change and what yu'd d t make that pssible. Fr instance, if yu've been late nce again, instead f just aplgizing, share hw yu'd keep an early alarm t be n time! ⑤ ______
A. Prvide a prper explanatin.
B. Express yur intentin clearly.
C. But many aplgies dn't d this enugh.
D. When yu hurt smene, it's natural t feel shame r regret.
E. A true aplgy is ne where yu prmise it wn't be repeated again.
F. This might shw that yu aren't taking full wnership fr what happened.
G. This will enable yu t knw what means the mst t the ffended persn.
三、完形填空（15空）
It was New Year time, and it wuld be ur first New Year away frm Alabama. That winter, my mther and my stepfather mved ur family t Suthern Califrnia. My athletic little brther, Paul, was ____1____ abut the climate that allwed him t g t the beach 2 he wanted. I, hwever, was a fat child with typical suthern 3 .
On my first day in the new class, I intrduced myself in a lw vice. All I said was my name and where I was frm. The class burst int ____4____, “He talks funny.” I was s ____5____ that I went t place a call t Granny Smith after schl, wh was my biggest ____6____. But I didn’t ____7____.
On Sunday evening, the phne rang. It was Granny. She ften tk advantage f the discunted lng-distance ____8____n Sundays. She said she’d ____9____ a New Year package. Sure enugh, it arrived. Surprised at the bx, large enugh t hld a small refrigeratr, we _____10_____ it pen. The smell f Granny’s huse filled the rm: a _____11_____ f fried meat, sausages, furniture plish and decratins. Thugh always filled with _____12_____ hliday decratins and hmemade fd befre New Year, Granny’s huse, in my childhd eyes, was precius and fantastic.
There were cuntless tins and cntainers. We pened them t discver piles f hliday _____13_____. She even included ur traditinal candy bars. The bx was as bttmless as a magical bx. _____14_____ all these, there was my familiar hliday.
Every New Year that we spent in Califrnia, the _____15_____ service culd call. Over the years, many treasures arrived in the bx. Fr me, it’s always been the best part f the hliday.
17．A. cncernedB. regretfulC. crazyD. skeptical
18．A. becauseB. whenC. unlessD. thugh
19．A. accentB. characterC. mindD. appearance
20．A. discussinB. argumentC. tearsD. laughter
21．A. disappintedB. helplessC. panickedD. cnfused
22．A. fanB. spnsrC. supprtD. challenge
23．A. get thrughB. g verC. g thrughD. get acrss
24．A. transprtB. tradesC. ratesD. interactin
25．A. spttedB. rderedC. claimedD. shipped
26．A. frcedB. treC. spreadD. pushed
27．A. stringB. cmbinatinC. varietyD. range
28．A. wnderfulB. cmplexC. inexpensiveD. cstly
29．A. treatsB. tysC. cardsD. cstumes
30．A. BeneathB. AgainstC. ByD. Except
31．A. civilB. traditinalC. scialD. pstal
四、短文填空
32．Hangzhu has been a center f silk culture fr thusands f years, and its prducts are widely renwned. In fact, China was the first cuntry ①__________(make) silk clthing and begin t exprt it all ver the wrld, ②__________ Hangzhu is ne f the main areas f harvesting silkwrms and silk weaving in China. Hangzhu was als ne f the starting ③__________ (lcate) f the Maritime Silk Rad.
S much it ④__________(explre) that in the Suthern Sng Dynasty Hangzhu became knwn ⑤__________ the Hme f Silk, at that time when it was ⑥__________(pssible) the largest city in the entire wrld. It was during this time that it became a ppular area f schlars, writers, and calligraphers, alng with merchants and traders, prducing ⑦__________ vast number f relics frm this time ⑧__________ give us insight int its ancient culture. Its ecnmy and sciety flurished t unprecedented levels.
Even tday, Hangzhu’s silk finds favr with turists f all natins, and alng with tea, silk is ne f its must-have suvenirs. The city center ⑨__________(hst) the Silk Market, where hundreds f vendrs sell thusands f silk prducts f every design and quality imaginable, its amazing clrs and cmplex patterns ⑩___________(spill) frm every entrance.
五、语法填空
33．Tuched by their enthusiastic expressin f ________(affect), Mabry thanked them all. （所给词的适当形式填空）
34．Frtunately, they have sught slutins ____________ the prblems.(用适当的词填空)
35．When ________ (cmplete), the museum will be pen t the public next year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
36．____________(wise) is the ability t make sensible decisins and give gd advice. (所给词的适当形式填空)
37．His ambitin is ____________(becme) a famus writer f histrical nvels. (所给词的适当形式填空)
38．As Jack ____________(bend) dwn t pick up the pen, he felt a sharp pain in his back. (所给词的适当形式填空)
39．Apparently, there are abut 15% students____________(supprt) the idea. (所给词的适当形式填空)
40．If yu are ____________ (passin) abut smething, pursue it whatever anyne else thinks. (所给词的适当形式填空)
41．Mistakes ften arise ____________ carelessness.(用适当的词填空)
42．Leaves mve ____________(gentle) in the breeze. (所给词的适当形式填空)
六、书面表达
43．假定你是某国际学校的学生李华，你校正在开展“创建美丽校园”的活动。请你用英语写一封倡议书。要点包括：
1. 创建美丽校园的重要性；
2. 指出校园内的不文明现象；
3. 你的态度。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
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七、读后续写
44．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jenny lived in a small village. When she was a child, what she liked t d mst was watch the blue sky and enjy birds flying freely in the sky. She always imagined that sme day she culd als fly in the sky like a bird.
When Jane was in the furth grade, ne day, her teacher asked them t write a reprt n what they wanted t be when they grew up. She pured her heart int her reprt and wrte that she dreamed t becme an airline pilt in the future. She thught that she did a great jb because she expressed her real idea successfully. Hwever, t her surprise, her paper came back with an “F” n it. The teacher tld her it was nthing but a “fairy tale”, which culd never becme true. Jenny felt cmpletely disappinted and sad. In her heart, she didn't want t accept that a girl culdn't becme a pilt. But as the years went by, Jenny was beaten dwn by the discuragement again and again frm peple arund her. “Girls can't becme airline pilts; never have, never will. Yu're crazy.” Finally, Jenny gave up her dream.
Hwever, when Jenny studied in her senir year f high schl, she met an English teacher called Marsha, wh was a strict teacher with high standards but very kind. She ften inspired her students t d smething meaningful in the future. One day, Mrs. Marsha asked all the students t think abut the questin: “What will yu d in the future?” At that time, Jenny hesitated fr a while. She was wrried that she wuld be laughed at again. But sn she felt a rush f the ld enthusiasm, and with excitement she wrte dwn the very ld dream f becming a pilt right away.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右。
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The next day, Marsha came int the classrm with a bright smile n her face.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The hurt and fear f years f discuragement disappeared.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段"there are lads f parks and grand green spaces in Lndn t escape t fr a lunchtime picnic break"伦敦有很多公园和大绿地,可以在午餐时间去野餐以及介绍四个公园的内容中都提及在公园中进行野餐可知,本文向我们介绍了可以去野餐的地方。故选B。
2．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Hlland Park部分中的"plus there are tennis curts, ftball pitches and spts t play glf, cricket and netball"在荷兰公园有网球场、足球场以及打高尔夫球、板球和无挡板篮球的地方,由此可知,体育运动爱好者可能最喜欢荷兰公园。故选C。
3．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Primrse Hill部分尾句中的"a shrt walk frm Abbey Rad and Lndn Z"从阿比路和伦敦动物园步行很短、Hlland Park部分第一句中的"vershadwed by its ryal neighbur Kensingtn Palace Gardens"被其皇家邻居肯辛顿宫殿花园所掩盖"以及Green Park部分中的"thanks t the park's rather famus neighbur"多亏了公园里相当有名的邻居。可知,这三个公园的共同点是它们都靠近另外一个著名的景点。故选A。
4．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Frm the back seat f a rental car, 2-year-ld Hagen repeatedly asked his parents the same questin: ‘Where’s Buzz?’ Ashley Davis realized she had left her sn’s favrite Buzz Lightyear actin figure n the plane. (坐在租来的汽车后座上，两岁的哈根反复问父母同一个问题：“巴斯在哪里?”阿什利·戴维斯意识到她把儿子最喜欢的巴斯光年公仔落在飞机上了)”可知，哈根的玩具不小心落在了飞机上，丢失了。故选A项。
5．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“He nticed the name Hagen n the bttm f Buzz’s bt. (他注意到巴斯靴子底部的哈根这个名字)”和下文“Once he tracked dwn Hagen’s barding recrd, he sent an email t the family, asking fr the address. (他一查到哈根的登机记录，就给哈根的家人发了一封电子邮件，询问地址)”可知，哈姆发现玩具后开始追踪了关于玩具主人的信息。故选C项。
6．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“‘T Cmmander Hagen,’ the letter reads. ‘I am very excited t return t yu upn cmpleting my missin. I was able t explre the airprt and spaceprt in Little Rck, Arkansas while I was away, and I have included phts f my adventure. My jurney has taught me a lt but I am s thankful t return t my buddy.’ (“致哈根司令，”信上写道。“完成任务后，我很兴奋能回到你身边。当我离开的时候，我探索了阿肯色州小石城的机场和太空港，我附上了我的冒险照片。我的旅程教会了我很多，但我很感激能回到我的朋友身边。”)”和第五段中“Hagen was extremely surprised. (哈根非常吃惊)”可推知，哈姆在信中描述了巴斯光年公仔的历险经历，是为了用一个有趣的故事给哈根一个惊喜。故选A项。
7．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中“Upn pening the package, Davis was speechless. “Yu culd see all the lve he put int it,” she said. (打开包裹时，戴维斯说不出话来。“你能看到他对它倾注的所有爱，”她说)”可推知，戴维斯认为哈姆的行为充满了爱心，非常体贴。故选B项。
8．答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段“Pisnus pesticides are driving factrs in the sharp decline f many sil rganisms, such as grund beetles. They have been identified as the mst significant driver f sil bidiversity lss in the last ten years.（有毒农药是导致许多土壤生物(如地甲虫)数量急剧下降的原因。它们被认为是过去十年土壤生物多样性丧失的最重要的驱动因素。）”可知，they指代Pisnus pesticides有毒的农药。故选D。
9．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Hwever, that research has always been ignred. The EPA, which is respnsible fr pesticide supervisin(监管)in the cuntry, penly acknwledges that smewhere between 50 and 100 percent f all agriculturally applied pesticides end up n the sil. Yet, t assess pesticides’ harms t sil species, the agency just uses a single test species, the Eurpean hneybee, t estimate risk t all sil rganisms. （然而，这项研究一直被忽视。负责全国农药监管的美国环境保护署(EPA)公开承认，所有农业上使用的农药中，有50%到100%最终会进入土壤。然而，为了评估农药对土壤物种的危害，该机构只使用单一的测试物种—欧洲蜜蜂，来评估对所有土壤生物的风险。）”可知，对农药危害的评估是片面的。故选B。
10．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Wrse still, as sil health gain ppularity glbally, pesticide cmpanies have jumped up t green wash and prmte their prducts. Every majr cmpany is nw advertising its rle in imprving sil health, such as advcating planting cver crps. As general beliefs, these practices are indeed gd fr sil health and, if adpted respnsibly, are a great step t take. But cmpanies knw that these practices are ften accmpanied by increased pesticide use. Chemicals and pesticides have t be applied mre frequently t kill weeds befre crps are planted.（更糟糕的是，随着土壤健康在全球范围内越来越受欢迎，农药公司纷纷投身于绿色清洗和推广他们的产品。每家大公司现在都在宣传自己在改善土壤健康方面的作用，比如提倡种植覆盖作物。）”可知，农药公司提倡种植覆盖作物为了增加他们的产品销售。故选B。
11．答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“A handful f healthy sil culd cntain great numbers f living rganisms. Hwever, pisnus pesticides (杀虫剂) are causing harm and destructin t them, accrding t a recent analysis.（少量健康的土壤就可能含有大量的生物体。然而，根据最近的一项分析，有毒的农药正在对它们造成伤害和破坏。）”可知，B“Pesticides: harmful t sil health.（农药:对土壤健康有害）”适合做最佳标题。故选B。
12．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“The prcesses that teachers care abut mst, like critical thinking, are clsely intercnnected with factual knwledge stred in lng-term memry.(教师最关心的过程，如批判性思维，与储存在长期记忆中的事实知识密切相关)”及第三段中的举例“Take the subject f reading, which schls see as thinking skills that can be taught directly: I will teach students what an inference is. Actually, students make inferences when they can read fluently and have the vcabulary and backgrund knwledge t name what is unsaid.(以阅读为例，学校认为阅读是一种可以直接传授的思维技能:我会教学生什么是推理。事实上，当学生能够流利地阅读，并拥有词汇和背景知识来说出未说过的内容时，他们就会进行推理)”可知，思辨性思维是在长期习得的知识的基础上形成的。故选B。
13．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Cgnitive(认知的) scientist Paul Kirschner argues that building memry is “the aim f all teaching” and that “if nthing has changed in lng-term memry, nthing has been learned”.(认知科学家保罗·克什纳(Paul Kirschner)认为，建立记忆是“所有教学的目标”，“如果长期记忆没有改变，就意味着什么也没学到”)”可知，Paul Kirschner 认为真正的学习发生在学生的长期记忆有所变化时。故选C。
14．答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第五段内容“Finally, we must cnsider students’ emtinal needs. Belnging is ne f the mst prfund(深切的) human emtins. Cnsider a classrm in which students are scialized t cmment: “I agree with Cassidy and want t prvide anther example.” That cnveys t Cassidy that her cmments were meaningful. This wuld als be achieved if, when Cassidy is speaking, her classmates are lking at her, ndding and sending psitive nnverbal scial signals that they value her wrds. Only peers can prvide this sense f belnging, but teachers can cultivate the envirnment.(最后，我们必须考虑学生的情感需求。归属感是人类最深刻的情感之一。假设一个课堂，学生被社会化评论:“我同意卡西迪的观点，并想提供另一个例子。”这向卡西迪传达了她的评论是有意义的。如果卡西迪在讲话时，她的同学们都看着她，点头，并发出积极的非语言社会信号，表明他们重视她的话，也能达到这种效果。只有同龄人才能提供这种归属感，但教师可以培养环境)”可知，第五段阐述了疫情后，课堂中应关注学生的归属感，以及在课堂中哪些情境可以帮助学生培养归属感。老师们可以努力去创设这种教学情境。因此，本段主要讲述课堂是培养学生归属感的地方。故选D。
15．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“clse the gaps”及最后一段中的“All in all, if we want t benefit students, we must grund ur teaching in the science that value knwledge and memry, and the rle that belnging plays in students’ study.(总而言之，如果我们想让学生受益，我们必须把我们的教学建立在重视知识和记忆的科学基础上，以及归属感在学生学习中所起的作用)”可知，学校应重视学生的基础知识、长期记忆和归属感。因此本文的目的是推荐一种科学的弥补学习缺漏的方法。故选D。
16．答案：CADFE
解析：①本段主要阐述的是 “承认错误”。前一句说承认错误是一个好的道歉的基本要素。后一句具体阐述什么样的道歉最有可能被接受。因此设空处应能够
起到衔接前后句的作用。浏览选项可以发现, C 项 (但是很多道歉在这一点上做得不到位) 能够与前一句构成转折关系, 且能够自然引出后文 (举例说明明确责任的道歉最有可能被接受)。故选 C。
②设空处位于段首,考虑段落主题句。根据本段多次出现的 explain 和 explanatins 可知, 本段阐述的内容与“解释”有关。浏览选项可以发现, A 项 (提供合理的解释) 能够很好地概括本段主旨。故选 A。
③本段主要阐述的是 “表示后悔”。后一句中的 these feelings 提示, 设空处一定出现了表示情绪或情感的词, 且 yu recgnize and regret the suffering yu caused 提示这些情绪与给别人带来的痛苦有关。D 项中的 shame r regret 符合语境。故选 D。
④上一句提到道歉时要谨慎使用类似 “那不是我的风格” 的表达。根据后一句中的 Instead 可知, 前后构成反义关系, 所以设空处是对前一句的解释, 且与后一句 (承认你对自己失望并承诺你会改变) 意义相反。浏览选项可以发现, F 项 (这可能说明你没有为发生的事情负全责) 中的 This 指代前一句引号中的内容, F 项解释了原因。故选 F。
⑤前一句通过举例说明你应该怎样告诉他人你会如何改变(如果你又迟到了, 不要只道歉, 告诉他们你会把闹钟提前以确保准时), 也就是说, 不仅要口头道歉, 还要提出切实可行的改变方法, 让别人知道你不会再犯。 E 项 (真正的道歉是指你保证不再犯错)符合语境。故选 E。
17．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我运动型弟弟保罗对气候非常着迷，这让他可以随心所欲地去海滩。A. cncerned 担心的；B. regretful遗憾的 ；C. crazy着迷的；D. skeptical怀疑的。根据athletic（爱运动的）可知，弟弟是一个喜欢运动的孩子，好的天气可以让他在沙滩上尽情玩，运动。所以他应该很喜欢这样的天气。故选C项。
18．答案：B
解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：我运动型的弟弟保罗对气候非常着迷，这让他可以随心所欲地去海滩。A. because因为 ；B. when 当……时候；C. unless除非；D. thugh尽管。根据athletic（爱运动的）可知，弟弟是一个喜欢运动的孩子，好的天气可以让他想什么时候去沙滩上尽情玩就什么时候去玩。故选B项。
19．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我是一个有着典型南方口音的胖孩子。A. accent口音；B. character性格；C. mind大脑；D.appearance外貌。根据后文“He talks funny(他说话很有趣。)”可知，我说话的声音和独具特色的南方口音使全班哄堂大笑。故选A项。
20．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：全班哄堂大笑，“他说话很有趣。”A. discussin 讨论；B.argument 争论；C. tears眼泪 ；D. laughter笑声。根据后文“He talks funny(他说话很有趣。)”可知，我说话的声音和独具特色的南方口音使全班哄堂大笑。故选D项。
21．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我非常无助，放学后我去给史密斯奶奶打电话，她是我最大的支持者。A. disappinted失望的；B. helpless无助的 ；C. panicked 惊恐的；D. cnfused困惑的。根据上文“The class burst int laughter.(全班哄堂大笑)”，可推理出孩子当时的心情是很难过，孤立无援的，很无助，才想到放学后给奶奶打一个电话。故选B项。
22．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我非常无助，放学后我去给史密斯奶奶打电话，她是我最大的支持者。A. fan 粉丝；B.spnsr赞助；C. supprt 支持；D. challenge挑战。根据下文作者回忆童年在奶奶家的情景，可以推理出作者很喜欢奶奶，奶奶是他情感的寄托和依靠。故选C项。
23．答案：A
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是我没有接通电话。A. get thrugh 接通；B. g ver复习 ；C. g thrugh 经历；D. get acrss理解。根据上文“I went t place a call t Granny Smith after schl(放学后给奶奶打一个电话)”和but可知，前后是转折关系，可推理出没有打通奶奶的电话。故选A项。
24．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她经常利用星期天长途电话的折扣价给我打电话。A. transprt运输 ；B. trades贸易 ；C. rates价格 ；D. interactin互动。根据句中的“discunted(折扣)”和“ lng-distance(长途) ”可知，奶奶经常利用周末长途电话打折时给我们打电话。这里指的是电话费的价格。故选C项。
25．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说她已经寄出了一个新年包裹。A. sptted 发现；B.rdered命令；C. claimed声称 ；D. shipped运送。根据第一段“It was New Year time, and it wuld be ur first New Year away frm Alabama.(当时是新年，这将是我们离开阿拉巴马州的第一个新年。)”可知，纽约是离奶奶家很远的地方。可以推出奶奶给我们寄了一个包裹。故选D项。
26．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们惊讶于这个盒子，大到可以放一个小冰箱，于是把它撕开了。A. frced迫使； B. tre撕开； C. spread传播； D. pushed推动。根据对包裹的描述“large enugh t hld a small refrigeratr(大到可以放一个小冰箱)”可知，作者很好奇里面装的是什么，于是就打开包裹来看。故选B项。
27．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：奶奶家的气味弥漫着整个房间：烤肉、香肠、家具抛光剂和装饰品。A. string线； B. cmbinatin组合； C. variety种类； D. range范围。根据“The smell f Granny’s huse(奶奶家的味道)”和冒号后的描述可知，奶奶家的味道是各种味道混合在一起的。故选B项。
28．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管在新年前总是摆满了美妙的节日装饰和自制食物，但在我童年的眼中，奶奶的房子是珍贵而梦幻的。A. wnderful精彩的； B. cmplex复杂的； C. inexpensive不昂贵的； D. cstly昂贵的。根据“hliday decratins and hmemade fd befre New Year(节日装饰和自制食物)”可知，新年前准备的东西应该是很美妙的。故选A项。
29．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们打开它们，发现了成堆的节日大餐的物品。A.treats享受物；B. tys玩具；C. cards卡片；D. cstumes衣服。根据“There were cuntless tins and cntainers.(有数不清的罐头和包装盒)”可知，打开这些罐头和盒子，发现奶奶给我寄来了很多节日吃的东西。故选A项。
30．答案：A
解析：考查介词词义辨析。句意：在这一切的背后，是我熟悉的节日。A. Beneath 在……下；B. Against违反； C. By借助； D. Except除了。根据上文奶奶寄给我们东西“She even included ur traditinal candy bars.(她甚至包括了我们的传统糖果条。)” 可知，这些东西的背后，是我熟悉的过年的情景。故选A项。
31．答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们在加利福尼亚度过的每一个新年，邮政部门都可以打电话给我们叫我们去拿奶奶寄的物品。A. civil公民的；B.traditinal传统的； C. scial社会的；D. pstal邮政的。根据后面的“Over the years, many treasures arrived in the bx.(多年来，奶奶把许多珍贵的东西装进盒子给我们寄来。)”可知，每年邮局都要打电话叫我们去拿包裹。故选D项。
32．答案：t make；and；lcatins；was explred；as；pssibly；a；which/that；hsts；spilling
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，中国是第一个制造丝绸服装并开始将其出口到世界各地的国家，而且杭州是中国养蚕和丝织的主要地区之一。分析句子结构和意思可知，名词cuntry前面由序数词the first修饰，所以后面用不定式，作后置定语。故填t make。
②考查并列连词。句意：见第1题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，设空处前后为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。
③考查名词复数。句意：杭州还是“海上丝绸之路”的起始点之一。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查ne f+可数名词复数的结构，意为“……之一”。故填lcatins。
④考查动词语态。句意：杭州开发得如此的好以至于在南宋时期，它作为“丝绸之府”而闻名，那时候它可能是全世界最大的城市。分析句子结构和意思可知，句子有时间状语in the Suthern Sng Dynasty，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语应用一般过去时。主语it指代杭州，与动词explre之间为被动关系，所以谓语用一般过去时的被动语态结构，be动词用was。故填was explred。
⑤考查介词。句意：见第4题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配becme knwn as，意为“作为……而有名”。故填as。
⑥考查副词句意：见第4题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查副词修饰动词was。故填pssibly。
⑦考查冠词。句意：正是在这段时间里，它成为学者、作家和书法家以及商人的热门地区，自那时起他们创造了大量的文化遗产，让我们深入了解它的古老文化。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配a vast number f +可数名词复数，表示“大量的……”。故填a。
⑧考查定语从句。句意：见第7题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，__________ give us insight int its ancient culture.是限定性定语从句，先行词是relics，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
⑨考查主谓一致。句意：杭州市中心举办了丝绸集市，在那里有数以百计的小贩售卖能想到的不同设计不同质量的成千上万的丝绸产品，令人惊叹的色彩和复杂的图案从每个入口溢出。根据上一句中的tday可知，本段介绍的是杭州丝绸文化现在的情况，因此谓语用一般现在时；主语The city center是单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填hsts。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意：见第9题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词spill是被修饰的名词短语its amazing clrs and cmplex patterns主动发出的动作，应用现在分词形式，表示主动。故填spilling。
33．答案：affectin
解析：考查名词。句意：马布里被他们热情的情感表达感动了，感谢了他们所有人。根据空前的f可判断填名词形式，作宾语，且affectin表抽象意义，不可数。故填affectin。
34．答案：t
解析：考查固定搭配。句意：幸运的是，你找到了这些问题的解决办法。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定搭配slutin t，意为“……的解决办法”。故填t。
35．答案：cmpleted
解析：考查省略句和过去分词。句意：博物馆建成后，将于明年向公众开放。When ______ (cmplete)不是句子，cmplete作非谓语使用，与后面的museum是逻辑动宾关系，用过去分词表被动意义，做状语，还原句子为When (it is) cmpleted, the museum will be pen t the public next year，本句是状语从句的省略。故填cmpleted。
36．答案：Wisdm
解析：考查名词。句意：智慧是做出明智决定和给出好建议的能力。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查名词wisdm作主语，是抽象的意思，不可数，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Wisdm。
37．答案：t becme
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：他的志向是成为一名著名的历史小说作家。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词不定式，作表语，表示将来的动作。故填t becme。
38．答案：bent
解析：考查时态。句意：当杰克弯下腰拿起钢笔时，他感到背部一阵剧痛。结合主句谓语felt用一般过去时可知，从句谓语动词bend时态也用一般过去时。故填bent。
39．答案：supprting
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：很明显，有大约15%的学生支持这个想法。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词supprt是students主动发出的动作，所以用现在分词形式，表示主动。故填supprting。
40．答案：passinate
解析：考查形容词。句意：如果你对某件事充满热情，那么不管别人怎么想，都要去追求它。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，作表语，“passin”为名词，对应的形容词为“passinate”，意为“热情的”。故填passinate。
41．答案：frm
解析：考查动词短语。句意：错误常常是由粗心大意引起的。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语arise frm，意为“由……引起”。故填frm。
42．答案：gently
解析：考查副词。句意：树叶在微风中轻轻地移动。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词gently，修饰动词mve。故填gently。
43．答案：
Dear fellw students,
I’m writing t call n everyne t take an active part in building a beautiful campus. As we knw, we spend mst f ur time n campus. An attractive campus can make ur learning pleasant and as a result imprve ur grades. Hwever, sme students can be seen running n the lawn, picking flwers r kicking yung trees n purpse. Sme even thrw rubbish everywhere. Their deeds have already dne great harm t ur schl envirnment and it’s time we did smething t change the situatin. I think everyne is respnsible fr the beauty f ur campus. Let’s take actin nw!
解析：本文是应用文。要求考生对学校正在开展的“创建美丽校园”活动写一封倡议书。
1.词汇积累
号召：call n→appeal
建立：build→set up
令人满意的：pleasant→satisfying
因此：as a result→cnsequently
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：An attractive campus can make ur learning pleasant and as a result imprve ur grades.
拓展句：An attractive campus can make ur learning pleasant, which as a result can imprve ur grades.
【高分句型1】As we knw, we spend mst f ur time n campus.（由As引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】I think everyne is respnsible fr the beauty f ur campus.（由省略连词that引导的宾语从句）
44．答案：
Para 1:
The next day, Marsha came int the classrm with a bright smile n her face. She praised all the students fr what they had finished including Jenny. Mrs. Marsha tld Jenny that her dream was wnderful and she was sure that Jenny wuld have the abilities and talents t make it cme true if she tried her best. Besides, she als encuraged Jenny t keep n trying withut wrrying abut thers' pinins. Hearing the wrds, Jenny felt a relief frm her heart and made up her mind t study hard t realize her dream.
Para 2:
The hurt and fear f years f discuragement disappeared. Encuraged and full f passin, Jenny began t pursue her dream with all her effrt. In the fllwing ten years, she studied hard and never gave up even when she was faced with all kinds f difficulties. Eventually, Jenny became a pilt f a famus airline cmpany, realizing her dream f flying in the sky like a bird. All f us may meet different difficulties n ur way t success, but if we keep n trying withut giving up, we will make it cme true.
解析：本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了珍妮在报告中写道梦想是将来成为一名航空公司飞行员，但是老师却给了她“F”，告诉她那不过是一个“童话”，不可能成为现实。结果在高中，珍妮遇到了一个叫玛莎的英语老师，再次表达了自己想成为飞行员的梦想，却得到了老师的鼓励，最终珍妮实现了自己的梦想。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“第二天，玛莎脸上带着灿烂的笑容走进了教室。”可知，第一段可描写玛莎老师如何鼓励珍妮的，以及珍妮的内心感受。
②由第二段首句内容“多年的挫折带来的伤害和恐惧消失了。”可知，第二段可描写珍妮受到鼓舞，开始全力以赴地追求自己的梦想，最终实现了梦想。
2.续写线索：玛莎老师鼓励珍妮—珍妮感到轻松—珍妮追求梦想—珍妮实现梦想—感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
赞扬：praise / cmpliment
鼓励：encurage/ inspire
遇到：meet /cme acrss
情绪类
极好：wnderful /great
著名：famus /well-knwn
[高分句型1] She praised all the students fr what they had finished including Jenny. (运用了what引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Eventually, Jenny became a pilt f a famus airline cmpany, realizing her dream f flying in the sky like a bird. (运用了现在分词作状语)