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福建师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期开学测试英语试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份福建师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期开学测试英语试题（Word版附解析），文件包含福建师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期开学测试英语试题原卷版docx、福建师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高二下学期开学测试英语试题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共40页， 欢迎下载使用。
第Ⅰ卷 （共69分）
第一部分 听力（共20小题；每小题1分，共20分）
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Why is the man's phne brken?
A. It has water damage. B. The battery died. C. He drpped it n the grund.
2. What will the speakers prbably d next?
A. Turn n a fan. B. Leave the ffice. C. Set ff the alarm.
3. Hw many peple will be at dinner?
A. Tw. B. Three. C. Fur.
4. What kept the wman awake last night?
A. The strm B. The temperature C. The repairs f the pwer.
5. What are the speakers ding?
A. Eating vegetables. B. Shpping fr fruit. C. Picking flwers.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项， 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前， 你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后， 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7 题。
6. Why des the wman call?
A. T bk a table.
B. T reschedule an interview.
C. T apply fr a part-time jb.
7. What will the wman d at 2:30 this afternn?
A. Attend a class. B. Meet the manager. C. Wrk in a restaurant.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. What d we knw abut the girl?
A. She is always bred. B. She misses her family. C. She is busy th is weekend
9. When did the girl see her family last time?
A. On a hliday. B. On her birthday. C. At a relative's wedding.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10 What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. Child educatin. B. Pet management. C. Nise disturbance.
11. What d we knw abut the speakers' new neighbrs?
A. They have three kids.
B. They have a big apartment.
C. They ften keep their dgs in.
12. Hw will the speakers prbably deal with the prblem?
A. Speak with their neighbrs.
B. Talk with the ther residents.
C. Send a message t their neighbrs.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where are the speakers?
A. In a studi. B. In a museum. C. In a library.
14. When did Rnald meet Ansel?
A. While fishing n a bat.
B. While taking the phts.
C. While relaxing n the tp f a muntain.
15. What made Rnald want t learn frm Ansel?
A. That he knew the best spts.
B. That he had a passin fr art.
C. That he had a wealth f infrmatin.
16. Wh is Rnald?
A. A designer. B. A phtgrapher. C. An histrian.
听第10段材料， 回答第17至 20题。
17. Hw did the Dggerland peple make a living?
A. By hunting. B. By farming. C. By trading.
18. Wh ften find the evidence f Dggerland?
A. Histrians. B. Fishermen. C. Scientists.
19. Which mdern issue d researchers warn us abut?
A. Climate change. B. Immigratin（移民）. C. Pllutin.
20. What is the main subject f the talk?
A. Ancient fld stries in the UK.
B. Future danger f flding in the UK.
C. Ancient flded land ff the UK cast.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，共34分）
第一节 （共12小题；每小题2分，共24分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Scientists have shwn hw plants can prtect themselves against genetic (基因的) damage caused by envirnmental stresses. The grwing tips f plant rts and shts have an in-built mechanism (机制) that spells cell death if DNA damage is detected, aviding passing n faulty DNA.
Plants have small ppulatins f stem cells (干细胞) at the tips f their rts and shts, which enable them t cntinuusly grw and prduce new tissues thrughut their lifetime. These stem cells serve as ancestrs fr plant tissues and rgans. Hwever, any genetic faults present in the stem cells will cntinue t exist and be passed n permanently thrughut the plant’s life, which culd last thusands f years.
Given the critical rle f stem cells and their expsure t ptentially dangerus envirnments at the grwing tips f rts and shts, safeguards are necessary t prevent stem cell faults frm becming fixed. Researchers Nick Fulcher and Rbert Sablwski, funded by the Bitechnlgy and Bilgical Sciences Research Cuncil, aimed t uncver these prtective mechanisms. Thrugh experiments invlving X-rays and chemicals, they discvered that stem cells were mre sensitive t DNA damage cmpared t ther cells.
When DNA damage ccurs, the cells have the capacity t detect it and cause prgrammed cells t die, preventing the prpagatin f the damaged genetic cde t the rest f the plant tissues. This prcess has similarities t the safeguard mechanism fund in animal cells, which has been bradly studied due t its relevance in preventing cancer.
The identificatin f a similar prtective system in plants is f great interest in the field f plant develpment It als helps scientists develp plants that can better handle envirnmental stress. S knwledge f hw plants deal with these stresses is f fundamental significance t agricultural science’s respnse t climate change.
1. What is the functin f the in-built mechanism in plants?
A. T prduce mre rts and shts.B. T increase the verall lifetime f the plant.
C. T enhance plant grwth and nutrient intake.D. T stp genetic faults in stem cells passing n.
2. What can we knw abut stem cells in plants accrding t the text?
A. They are relatively abundant in quantity.B. They are resistant t envirnmental stresses.
C. They make quick respnse t DNA damage.D. They have the ability t repair damaged DNA.
3. What des the underlined wrd “prpagatin” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Spread.B. Change.C. Existence.D. Self-repair.
4. What des the last paragraph fcus n?
A. The way f dealing with climate change n the earth.
B. The significance f identifying the prtective system in plants.
C. The methd f ensuring plant survival under envirnmental stress.
D. The urgency f develping plants that can handle envirnmental stress.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们已经展示了植物如何保护自己免受环境压力造成的遗传损害，即植物拥有内建机制，来阻止干细胞中的基因缺陷遗传下去。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The grwing tips f plant rts and shts have an in-built mechanism (机制) that spells cell death if DNA damage is detected, aviding passing n faulty DNA.(植物的根和芽的生长尖端有一个内置的机制，如果检测到DNA损伤，就会导致细胞死亡，从而避免将有缺陷的DNA传递给下一代)”可知，植物内建机制的功能是阻止干细胞中的基因缺陷遗传下去。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Thrugh experiments invlving X-rays and chemicals, they discvered that stem cells were mre sensitive t DNA damage cmpared t ther cells.(通过涉及x射线和化学物质的实验，他们发现干细胞比其他细胞对DNA损伤更敏感)”可知，植物中的干细胞对DNA损伤做出快速反应。故选C。
【3题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“When DNA damage ccurs, the cells have the capacity t detect it and cause prgrammed cells t die, preventing the”以及后文“f the damaged genetic cde t the rest f the plant tissues”可知，当DNA受损时，细胞有能力检测到它，并导致程序化细胞死亡，防止受损的遗传密码传播到植物组织的其他部分。故划线词意思是“传播”。故选A。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The identificatin f a similar prtective system in plants is f great interest in the field f plant develpment. It als helps scientists develp plants that can better handle envirnmental stress. S knwledge f hw plants deal with these stresses is f fundamental significance t agricultural science’s respnse t climate change.(在植物中发现类似的保护系统在植物发育领域具有重要意义。它还帮助科学家培育出能够更好地应对环境压力的植物。因此，了解植物如何应对这些压力对农业科学应对气候变化具有重要意义)”可知，最后一段的重点是识别植物保护系统的意义。故选B。
B
On Octber 20th cmes “Killers f the Flwer Mn” frm the directr Martin Scrsese. At nearly three and a half hurs, its length is nearly duble that f the average film last year. Even mvie fans struggle t cncentrate fr that lng. During the premiere at the Cannes Film Festival in May, sme viewers dzed ff. Afterwards there was a mad dash (and lng queue) fr the tilets. When did watching a film becme such a labr?
Film-makers started prducing lng-lasting mvies at a rapid pace in the early 1960s. Cinema was bming and filmmakers wanted t distinguish their art frm televisin. Epics surpassing the three-and-a-half hur mark graced the silver screen. Back then audiences enjyed an interval while the prjectinist prepared the reels fr the next act. Runtimes f ppular films experienced ups and dwns ver subsequent decades. But they have ballned since 2018.
Mvie series is ne driver f this trend. Studis want t squeeze the mst ut f their cstly intellectual prperty, but they are cmpeting with streaming platfrms fr eyeballs. The hpe is that a spectacular, drawn-ut blckbuster (大片) will tempt audiences away frm the small screen and int cinemas. This apprach has ften paid ff: “Avengers: Endgame” (2019), which shwcased Marvel superheres remarkably with a runtime f three hurs, achieved the highest bx ffice revenue amng all films in that year.
Anything that attracts peple away frm their sfas t see a film in theatres is gd news fr cinemas. But lengthy runtimes als pse a “fundamental prblem”, cmplains Clare Binns f Picturehuse, a British cinema grup and film distributr. Lng mvies can mean abandning tw shwings per night, which hurts ticket sales and prfits.
Anther explanatin fr lnger films has t d with directrs’ grwing influence. Wh wuld dare tell the likes f Mr Nlan t shrten his masterpieces? Streamers, which d nt have t wrry as much abut cncisin because viewers can pause whenever they like, may attract big names with deep pckets and prmises f creative freedm. “Killers f the Flwer Mn” will debut n AppleTV+ after its theatrical release.
5. What can we learn frm paragraph 1?
A. Mvie fans tend t have a dislike fr lng mvies.
B. Mvie theaters shuld prvide adequate restrms.
C. The average mvie fan cannt fcus fr ver three hurs.
D. Lng mvies affect audience engagement and physical cmfrt.
6. What des the underlined wrd “ballned” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Expanded with air.B. Made great prfits.
C. Enjyed great ppularityD. Increased rapidly in length.
7. Why des the authr mentin the mvie “Avengers: Endgame”?
A. T demnstrate the trend f lnger mvies.
B. T highlight the success f Marvel series.
C T illustrate the strng appeal f mvie series.
D. T emphasize the studi-streaming platfrm cntest.
8. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Mvie Marathns: Past and PresentB. Lng Mvies: Impacts and Reasns
C. Filmmaking: Challenges and RewardsD. Streaming Platfrms: Prmising and Prfitable
【答案】5. D 6. D 7. C 8. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今电影时间越来越长的现象，介绍了电影时间增加的起源以及背后的原因。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“On Octber 20th cmes “Killers f the Flwer Mn” frm the directr Martin Scrsese. At nearly three and a half hurs, its length is nearly duble that f the average film last year. Even mvie fans struggle t cncentrate fr that lng. During the premiere at the Cannes Film Festival in May, sme viewers dzed ff. Afterwards there was a mad dash (and lng queue) fr the tilets. When did watching a film becme such a labr?(10月20日将上映马丁·斯科塞斯导演的《花月杀手》。该片时长近三个半小时，几乎是去年平均时长的两倍。即使是影迷也很难长时间集中注意力。在5月份戛纳电影节首映期间，一些观众打起了瞌睡。之后，人们疯狂地冲进厕所(排起了长队)。什么时候看电影变成了一种劳动？)”可推知，长电影影响观众的参与度和身体舒适度。故选D。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Runtimes f ppular films experienced ups and dwns ver subsequent decades.”以及but表示转折，可知，流行电影的播放时间经历了起伏。但自 2018 年以来，电影的播放时间长度迅速增加。故划线词意思是“长度迅速增加”。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Mvie series is ne driver f this trend. (电影系列是这一趋势的驱动力之一)”以及“The hpe is that a spectacular, drawn-ut blckbuster (大片) will tempt audiences away frm the small screen and int cinemas. This apprach has ften paid ff: “Avengers: Endgame” (2019), which shwcased Marvel superheres remarkably with a runtime f three hurs, achieved the highest bx ffice revenue amng all films in that year.(他们希望一部壮观、持久的大片能将观众从小屏幕吸引到电影院。这种做法往往取得了成效:《复仇者联盟4：终局之战》（2019年）以3小时的片长出色地展示了漫威超级英雄，在当年所有电影中获得了最高的票房收入)”可推知，作者提到了电影《复仇者联盟4：终局之战》是为了说明电影系列的强大吸引力。故选C。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Mvie series is ne driver f this trend.(电影系列是这一趋势的驱动力之一)”以及最后一段“Anther explanatin fr lnger films has t d with directrs’ grwing influence. (另一种解释是，导演的影响力越来越大)”结合文章主要说明了如今电影时间越来越长的现象，介绍了电影时间增加的起源以及背后的原因。故B选项“长时间电影：影响和原因”最符合文章标题。故选B。
C
Far, far belw yur feet lies a surce f nearly endless energy. Earth's cre is abut as ht as the surface f the Sun, s ht that it melts the rcky layers abve it int magma, r liquid rck. Wuldn't it be great if we culd tap int all that energy? In sme places, we d!
The Geysers is an area nrth f San Francisc in Califrnia where magma's heat turns a reservir f undergrund water int steam. This regin is hme t 18 gethermal pwer plants. The steam rises up thrugh spaces between the rcks undergrund, a bit like hw steam purs frm a teakettle biling n a stve. The pwer plant has pipelines that send the steam int the turbines (涡轮机) where electricity flw is generated. Once the steam leaves the turbine, it ges int a cling twer where it turns back int liquid. Then it's piped back int the reservir t be reheated again. Other kinds f gethermal pwer plants pump ht grundwater int the pwer plant. Then the pressure is reduced, causing the liquid t flash int steam that turns the turbine and generates electricity flw. Once the steam cls and turns back int liquid, it's pumped back dwn int the reservir t begin the cycle again.
S why dn't we all heat ur hmes with free steam frm the earth? First, the heat has t be clse enugh t the surface fr us t reach it. Next, there has t be plenty f undergrund water t be heated. Finally, there has t be a layer f rck that water r steam can flw thrugh. S in places where all three f thse things cme tgether, gethermal energy can be a pwerful renewable energy surce. Besides, when a gethermal plant returns water back int the ht rcks f a reservir, it makes the rck crack a bit, which can cause small earthquakes. There's anther danger that cmes with drilling near magma-pipes and ther equipment might melt if they hit a pcket f magma r are caught in an eruptin. One gethermal plant in Hawaii was partially buried by lava in 2018. But engineers are hpeful that the repaired plant will generate even mre pwer. Gethermal energy isn't the answer fr everywhere, but it's a piece f the puzzle t help slw climate change.
9. In which part f pwer plants is the electricity made?
A. The turbine.B. The reservir.C. The pipeline.D. The twer.
10. What prevents free steam frm being widely develped accrding t paragraph 3?
A. Hard surface and pssible earthquakes.
B. Changeable climate and unqualified equipment.
C. Limited undergrund water and thin layers f rck.
D. Unsuitable gelgical cnditins and ptential dangers.
11. Why is the buried gethermal plant in Hawaii mentined?
A. T demnstrate the great effrt that engineers made.
B. T shw the pwer that the repaired plant can generate.
C. T illustrate the danger caused by drilling near magma.
D. T praise the engineers wh repaired the generate plant.
12. What is the authr's attitude twards gethermal energy?
A. Uncncerned.B. Unclear.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【答案】9. A 10. D 11. C 12. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在你脚下很深的地方，蕴藏着无穷无尽的能量。地核的温度大约和太阳表面一样高，以至于它上面的岩层融化成岩浆，也就是液态岩石。文章重点介绍了地热能源的利用。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The pwer plant has pipelines that send the steam int the turbines where electricity flw is generated.”（发电厂有管道将蒸汽送入涡轮机，在那里产生电力。）可知，电力是在发电厂的涡轮机这个部分产生的。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“S why dn't we all heat ur hmes with free steam frm the earth? First, the heat has t be clse enugh t the surface fr us t reach it. Next, there has t be plenty f undergrund water t be heated. Finally, there has t be a layer f rck that water r steam can flw thrugh. S in places where all three f thse things cme tgether, gethermal energy can be a pwerful renewable energy surce.”（那么，为什么我们不都用地球上的免费蒸汽来为我们的家供暖呢？首先，热量必须离地表足够近，这样我们才能到达。其次，必须有足够的地下水来加热。最后，必须有一层岩石，水或蒸汽可以通过。所以在这三种能源同时存在的地方，地热能可以成为一种强大的可再生能源。）可推知，不适宜的地质条件和潜在的危险阻碍了免费蒸汽的广泛发展。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“There's anther danger that cmes with drilling near magma-pipes and ther equipment might melt if they hit a pcket f magma r are caught in an eruptin. One gethermal plant in Hawaii was partially buried by lava in 2018.”（在岩浆附近钻探还有另一个危险——如果管道和其他设备碰到岩浆区或被火山喷发困住，它们可能会融化。2018年，夏威夷的一家地热发电厂部分被熔岩掩埋。）可推知，提到了夏威夷的地下地热发电厂是为了说明在岩浆附近钻探所造成的危险。故选C项。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Gethermal energy isn't the answer fr everywhere, but it's a piece f the puzzle t help slw climate change.”（地热能源并不是所有地方的解决方案，但它是减缓气候变化的拼图中的一块。）可推知，作者对地热能源的态度是赞成的。故选D项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Online training is ne f the fastest grwing parts f the fitness industry. If yu’re cnsidering jining the nline fitness cmmunity, cnsider these benefits and drawbacks.
One f the mst ppular reasns fr wrking ut fllwing an nline vide is that it ffers ultimate cnvenience. N need t rll ut f bed at 5 a. m. t attend that 6 a. m. bt camp class, which may end up being full when yu arrive.____13____And what if yu’re n the rad? N prblem. Yu can access yur wrkut vide thrugh yur phne.
____14____Mst nline fitness prgrams are much less expensive than similar ffline prgrams—mst range in cst frm $ 10 t $ 20 per mnth. Sme are even free. Fr example, the nline Les Mills+prgram ffers a free 30-day trial f its 1,500-plus wrkuts.
Online training als has brad fferings. When yu head nline, yu have instructrs frm arund the glbe, all ready and willing t help yu master yur favrite mves.____15____Just because there isn’t a Krav Maga class in yur area desn’t mean yu can’t g nline t find ne led by qualified instructrs.
All these are undubtedly psitive-nline training prvides fitness resurces t general cnsumers wherever they are, withut requiring access t a gym r fitness studi.____16____
Very few nline fitness prgrams enable the instructr t see yu, check yur frm, and ffer crrectins based n yur perfrmance.____17____This is particularly cncerning fr beginners, as they’re mre likely t d incrrectly. Besides, if yu struggle with self-mtivatin and prefer a scial wrkut envirnment, nline fitness may nt be fr yu.
A. Anther is the price.
B. But it’s nt withut prblems.
C. The same ges fr different types f exercise.
D. Hwever, nline persnal training isn’t fr everyne.
E. Instead, yu can turn it n at hme at yur cnvenience.
F. That being said, nline wrkuts aren’t perfect when it cmes t safety.
G. This means yu culd perfrm exercises wrngly, r even unsafely, withut knwing it.
【答案】13. E 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了在线健身的利与弊。
【13题详解】
根据第二段的首句“One f the mst ppular reasns fr wrking ut fllwing an nline vide is that it ffers ultimate cnvenience. (跟着在线视频健身最流行的原因之一是它提供了极大的便利。)”可知，本段主要介绍了在线健身的优势之一是其便捷性。同时根据空前“N need t rll ut f bed at 5 a. m. t attend that 6 a. m. bt camp class, which may end up being full when yu arrive.(没有必要在早上5点从床上爬起来去参加早上6点的训练营课程，当你到达时，训练营可能会爆满。)”可知，此处提到你不必凌晨5点起床去参加6点的训练营课程，因此空处应与在线健身便利性的实际做法有关。E项“Instead, yu can turn it n at hme at yur cnvenience.(相反，你可以在你方便时在家里打开课程。)”中提到的是实际的做法，符合语境。故选E。
【14题详解】
根据空后“Mst nline fitness prgrams are much less expensive than similar ffline prgrams—mst range in cst frm $ 10 t $ 20 per mnth. Sme are even free.(大多数在线健身项目都比类似的线下项目便宜得多，每个月的费用从10美元到20美元不等。有些甚至免费。)”可知，本段谈论的是在线健身在价格方面的优势。A项“Anther is the price.(另一个是价格)”能够概括段落的主要内容，同时A项中的“Anther”与第二段首句中的“One”的呼应关系亦是提示。故选A。
【15题详解】
根据第四段的首句“Online training als has brad fferings. (在线培训的内容也很广泛。)”可知，本段主要介绍的是在线健身可以提供多样的选择。同时根据空前“When yu head nline, yu have instructrs frm arund the glbe, all ready and willing t help yu master yur favrite mves.(当你上网时，你有来自世界各地的教练，他们都准备好了，愿意帮助你掌握你最喜欢的动作。)”可知，网络上有来自全世界的教练已经准备好并愿意帮助你掌握你最喜欢的动作，空后“Just because there isn’t a Krav Maga class in yur area desn’t mean yu can’t g nline t find ne led by qualified instructrs.(仅仅因为你所在的地区没有Krav Maga课程并不意味着你不能在网上找到一个由合格的讲师带领的课程)”提到你所在的地区没有Krav Maga课程并不意味着你不能在网上找到一个。综上可知，空处应是在讲在网上能不受限制地开展多种多样的健身活动，故C项“The same ges fr different types f exercise.(不同类型的运动也是如此。)”符合语境。故选C。
【16题详解】
根据第一段最后一句“If yu’re cnsidering jining the nline fitness cmmunity, cnsider these benefits and drawbacks.(如果你正在考虑加入在线健身社区，考虑一下这些好处和缺点。)”可知，文章既介绍了在线健身的优势，也介绍了在线健身的劣势。上文内容介绍的是优势，最后一段“Very few nline fitness prgrams enable the instructr t see yu, check yur frm, and ffer crrectins based n yur perfrmance.(很少有在线健身项目能让教练看到你，检查你的状态，并根据你的表现给出纠正。)”介绍的是劣势。因此空处应填一个承上启下的句子，引出在线健身的不足，故B项“But it’s nt withut prblems.(但是，它也不是没有问题)”符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据空前“Very few nline fitness prgrams enable the instructr t see yu, check yur frm, and ffer crrectins based n yur perfrmance.(很少有在线健身项目能让教练看到你，检查你的状态，并根据你的表现给出纠正。)”和空后“This is particularly cncerning fr beginners, as they’re mre likely t d incrrectly. (这对初学者来说尤其重要，因为他们更可能做得不正确。)”可知，空处应是在线健身项目缺乏面对面指导的结果。G项“This means yu culd perfrm exercises wrngly, r even unsafely, withut knwing it.(这意味着你可能在不知情的情况下错误地、甚至不安全地进行锻炼。)”说明了缺乏面对面指导的结果，故选G。
第三部分 完形填空 （共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Several years ag, a teacher was hired and sent t visit children wh were patients in a city hspital. Her jb was t teach them with their schlwrk s they wuldn’t be t far ___18___ when well enugh t return t schl.
One day, this teacher received a call ___19___ that she visit a particular by. She was tld by the teacher n the ther end f the line, “We’re studying nuns and adverbs nw. I’d be ___20___ if yu culd help him with his hmewrk s he desn’t fall behind the thers.”
It wasn’t until the visiting teacher gt utside the by’s rm that she ___21___ it was lcated in the hspital’s burn unit. When she had finally walked int the rm, she fund the yung by,___22___ burned, was bviusly in great ___23___ . The teacher felt awkward and didn’t knw what t say.
Finally she was able t stammer ut (结结巴巴地说).“I’m the special visiting hspital teacher, and yur teacher ___24___ me t help yu with yur nuns and adverbs.” Afterward, she thught it was nt ne f her mst ___25___ lessns.
The next mrning when she returned, ne f the nurses asked her, “What did yu d t that By?”
Befre she culd finish her aplgy, the nurse ___26___ her by saying, “Yu dn’t understand. We’ve been _____27_____ abut him, but ever since yu were here yesterday his whle _____28_____ has changed. He’s fighting back, respnding t treatment... it’s _____29_____ he’s decided t live.” The by himself later _____30_____ that he had cmpletely given up _____31_____ and felt he was ging t die, until he saw that special teacher. With happy tears in his eyes, the little by expressed it like this: “They wuldn’t send a special teacher t wrk n nuns and adverbs with a _____32_____ by, nw, wuld they?”
18.
A. ffB. awayC. behindD. apart
19.
A. insistingB. requestingC. urgingD. advising
20.
A. cncernedB. gratefulC. prudD. addicted
21.
A. appreciatedB. recgnizedC. realizedD. bserved
22.
A. hardlyB. narrwlyC. slightlyD. terribly
23.
A. painB. cmfrtC. jyD. stress
24.
A. allwedB. frcedC. preferredD. sent
25.
A. successfulB. entertainingC. prfessinalD. crucial
26.
A. recmmendedB. frgaveC. interruptedD. quit
27.
A. curiusB. wrriedC. nervusD. cnfused
28.
A. impressinB. awarenessC. gratitudeD. attitude
29.
A. in caseB. s thatC. even thughD. as thugh
30.
A. explainedB. prtestedC. referredD. delivered
31.
A. interestB. hpeC. spiritD. curage
32.
A. dyingB. inspiringC. cmpetingD. desiring
【答案】18. C 19. B 20. B 21. C 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个严重烧伤的男孩因为学校派了一位老师到医院辅导他学习而重拾求生的意念、积极配合治疗的故事。
【18题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她的工作是教他们做功课，这样他们就不会落后太多，当他们恢复得足够好时就可以回学校了。A. ff脱离；B. away远离；C. behind在后面，落后于；D. apart分开。根据上文“Her jb was t teach them with their schlwrk s they wuldn’t be t far”可知，老师的工作是教住院的孩子功课，避免他们落后太多，后文“he desn’t fall behind the thers.”也是提示。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，这位老师接到一个电话，要求她去看望一个特别的男孩。A. insisting坚持；B. requesting要求；C. urging催促；D. advising建议。根据后文“that she visit a particular by. She was tld by the teacher n the ther end f the line”指打电话的人要求老师去看望一个特别的男孩。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你能帮助他做家庭作业，这样他就不会落后于别人了，我会很感激的。A. cncerned担心的；B. grateful感激的；C. prud骄傲的；D. addicted成瘾的。根据后文“if yu culd help him with his hmewrk s he desn’t fall behind the thers”可知，对方表达了对这位老师帮助这个孩子的感激。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到来访的老师走到男孩的房间外面，她才意识到男孩的房间位于医院的烧伤科。A. appreciated感激；B. recgnized认出；C. realized意识到；D. bserved观察。根据后文“it was lcated in the hspital’s burn unit.”指这位老师意识到男孩的房间位于医院的烧伤科。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当她终于走进房间时，她发现那个小男孩被严重烧伤，显然非常痛苦。A. hardly几乎不；B. narrwly狭窄地；C. slightly稍微；D. terribly严重地。根据后文“The teacher felt awkward and didn’t knw what t say.”推知，男孩严重烧伤，老师也吓得不知作何反应。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她终于走进房间时，她发现那个小男孩被严重烧伤，显然非常痛苦。A. pain痛苦；B. cmfrt安慰；C. jy快乐；D. stress压力。根据上文“burned, was bviusly in great”可知，小男孩被严重烧伤，显然非常痛苦。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后她终于结结巴巴地说：“我是医院的特约来访老师，你的老师派我来帮你补习名词和副词。”A. allwed允许；B. frced迫使；C. preferred偏爱；D. sent派遣。根据后文“me t help yu with yur nuns and adverbs”可知，这位老师是男孩的老师派来教男孩名词和副词的。send sb. t d sth.表示“派某人做某事”。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过后，她认为这不是她最成功的课程之一。A. successful成功的；B. entertaining有趣的；C. prfessinal专业的；D. crucial重要的。根据后文“Befre she culd finish her aplgy”可知，老师准备道歉；由此推知，她认为自己前一天的课教授得不成功。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还没来得及道歉，护士就打断她说：“你不明白。我们一直很担心他，但是自从你昨天来了以后，他的整个态度都变了。”A. recmmended建议；B. frgave原谅；C. interrupted打断；D. quit停止。根据上文“Befre she culd finish her aplgy, the nurse”可知，护士打断了老师的道歉。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她还没来得及道歉，护士就打断她说：“你不明白。我们一直很担心他，但是自从你昨天来了以后，他的整个态度都变了。”A. curius好奇的；B. wrried担心的；C. nervus紧张的；D. cnfused困惑的。根据后文“he’s decided t live”可知，男孩上课以后发生了改变，说明之前放弃了活下去的希望，护士们很担心。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她还没来得及道歉，护士就打断她说：“你不明白。我们一直很担心他，但是自从你昨天来了以后，他的整个态度都变了。”A. impressin印象；B. awareness意识；C. gratitude感激；D. attitude态度。根据后文“He’s fighting back, respnding t treatment”可知，男孩的态度变了，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：他在反抗，对治疗有反应……就好像他决定要活下去。A. in case万一；B. s that以便；C. even thugh即使；D. as thugh好像。根据上文“He’s fighting back, respnding t treatment”和后文“he’s decided t live”可知，男孩的行为表明他好像决定活下去；引导方式状语从句，表示“好像”应用as thugh。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩自己后来解释说，他已经完全放弃了希望，觉得自己快要死了，直到他见到了那位特别的老师。A. explained解释；B. prtested抗议；C. referred参考；D. delivered递送。后文“that he had cmpletely given up”是男孩解释自己当时的情况。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩自己后来解释说，他已经完全放弃了希望，觉得自己快要死了，直到他见到了那位特别的老师。A. interest兴趣；B. hpe希望；C. spirit精神；D. curage勇气。根据后文“felt he was ging t die”可知，男孩当时放弃了生的希望。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：小男孩眼里含着幸福的泪水，这样说：“他们不会派一个特别的老师来教一个快死的男孩名词和副词吧？”A. dying濒死的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. cmpeting相互竞争的；D. desiring渴望。呼应上文“and felt he was ging t die”指男孩当时以为自己快要死了。故选A。
第Ⅱ卷 （共81分）
I. 根据所给首字母写出正确的单词来完成句子或单句语法填空（每空只填一个单词）。（共24小题；每小题1分，共24分）注意：将首字母一起填写到答题卷上，即答案卷上要写出完整的单词。
33. With the sense f “infrmatin” c______ with that f “atmsphere”, an English wrd “infsphere” has appeared in recent years.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】cmbined##mbined
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来出现了一个英语单词“infsphere”，它将“infrmatin”的意思与“atmsphere”的意思结合起来。结合句意和首字母提示可知，表示“使结合”用动词cmbine，“把……和……结合起来”；空处在with复合结构中作宾补，cmbine和宾语the sense f “infrmatin”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填cmbined。
34. Strngly ______ t pulling dwn the 100-year-ld building in the center f the city, many citizens are vicing t resist it. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】ppsed##ppsed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：许多市民强烈反对拆除市中心这座有100年历史的建筑，并表示抗议。根据单词首字母和句意“反对”及句子结构可知，此处应用过去分词转化的形容词ppsed作原因状语，be ppsed t“反对……”是固定搭配。故填ppsed。
35. The lss has nt yet been calculated a______, but it is believed t be well beynd a hundred millin dllars. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】accurately##ccurately
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：损失还没有精确计算，但据信远远超过1亿美元。空处作状语修饰动词calculate，结合句意和首字母提示可知，副词accurately“准确地”符合题意。故填accurately。
36. Despite the fact that all kinds f infrmatin are a______ nline, it is n easy jb t distinguish the true frm the false. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】available##vailable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管网上有各种各样的信息，但辨别真伪并不是一件容易的事。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用形容词available“可获得的”，作表语。故填available。
37. When e______ an emtinal crisis such as anxiety, yu are encuraged t seek prfessinal assistance, which helps t get the prblem under cntrl. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】encuntering##ncuntering
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当遇到焦虑等情绪危机时，我们鼓励你寻求专业帮助，这有助于控制问题。结合首字母提示和句子结构可知，动词encunter“遭遇”符合；空处作状语，encunter和逻辑主语yu之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填encuntering。
38. Exercise will imprve yur a______ fr fd because exercise cnsumes much energy and make yu feel hungry. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】appetite##ppetite
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：运动会提高你的食欲，因为运动会消耗大量能量，让你感到饥饿。根据单词首字母和句意“食欲”及句子结构可知，此处应用名词appetite(常用单数)作宾语。故填appetite。
39. The fact that there are n tw i______ fingerprints in the wrld helps the plice t use the unique bilgical infrmatin t track dwn criminals. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】identical##dentical
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：世界上没有两个完全相同的指纹，这一事实有助于警察利用独特的生物信息来追捕罪犯。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用形容词identical“相同的”，作定语，修饰fingerprints。故填identical。
40. Jane, wh manages t balance study and life, has a wide range f hbbies, v______ frm sprts t arts. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】varying##arying
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：简设法平衡学习和生活，爱好广泛，从体育到艺术都有。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用动词vary，且与逻辑主语hbbies构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填varying。
41. T pr t raise a child, she had n alternative but t have her baby a______ by anther family. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】adpted##dpted
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于太穷，无法抚养孩子，她别无选择，只能由另一个家庭收养。根据单词首字母和句意“收养”及句子结构可知，此处应用动词adpt，动词have后接复合宾语，动词adpt和宾语之间是被动关系，用其过去分词作宾语补足语。故填adpted。
42. Under the new regulatin, children, if a______ by the parents, are allwed t enter the stadium. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】accmpanied##ccmpanied
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：根据新规定，如果有家长陪同，儿童可以进入体育场。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用动词accmpany，此处为状语从句的省略，在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主从句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be，accmpany与children构成被动关系，完整部分应该是if they are accmpanied by their parents，本句相当于省略了they are，用accmpanied。故填accmpanied。
43. The reasn fr her ______(prefer) fr living in the cuntryside is that the air is less plluted and the water is cleaner.（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】preference
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：她更喜欢住在农村的原因是那里的空气污染少，水更干净。形容词物主代词her后应填提示词的名词形式preference“更喜欢，偏爱”，作介词fr的宾语，该词不可数。故填preference。
44. The pwer ______ (shrt) had made him realize hw much electricity is wasted and that we need t save pwer in general. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】shrtage
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：电力短缺使他意识到有多少电被浪费了，我们一般都需要节约用电。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用名词shrtage，pwer shrtage“电力短缺”，为固定短语，作主语。故填shrtage。
45. The gvernment is determined t take measures t reduce ______(pr) and imprve the living standards f its citizens. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】prness## pverty
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：政府决心采取措施减少贫困，提高公民的生活水平。动词reduce后应用其名词prness或pverty(均不可数)作宾语。故填prness/pverty。
46. Thirty-three mbile applicatins have brken rules, with mst f them cllecting persnal infrmatin ______(relevant) t their services. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】irrelevant
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：33个移动应用程序违反了规定，其中大多数程序收集了与其服务无关的个人信息。根据“Thirty-three mbile applicatins have brken rules”推知，大多数程序收集了与其服务无关的个人信息，形容词irrelevant“不相关的”符合题意，作后置定语，修饰infrmatin。故填irrelevant。
47. Accrding t the latest figures, China has made ______(remark) achievements in ensuring universal access t basic educatin. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】remarkable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：根据最新数据，中国在普及基础教育方面取得了显著成就。空处作定语，修饰名词achievements，表示“显著的”，应用形容词remarkable。故填remarkable。
48. When yu are shpping, it can be very ______(frustrate) t find that the size yu want isn’t there. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】frustrating
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：当你购物的时候，发现你想要的尺码没有是非常令人沮丧的。空处作表语，主语it指“发现你想要的尺码没有”这件事，表事情的性质应用v-ing形式的形容词。故填frustrating。
49. The drunken man in wrn-ut clthes made a gesture in ______(defend) when asked abut where he came frm. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】defence
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：当被问及他来自哪里时，那个穿着破旧衣服的醉汉做了一个防御的手势。介词in后应用其名词defence(不可数)作宾语。故填defence。
50. The plan t build a factry near the cmmunity will be submitted t the cmmittee fr fficial ______ (apprve). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】apprval
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在社区附近建造工厂的计划将提交给委员会以供官方批准。设空处应为名词apprval“批准”，作fr的宾语。故答案为apprval。
51. He claimed that the current arrangements fr the care f ______ (severe) mentally ill peple were inadequate t meet their needs. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】severely
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：他声称，目前照顾严重精神病患者的安排不足以满足他们的需要。此处作状语应用副词severely表示“严重地”，修饰mentally ill。故填severely。
52. Accrding t a prfessinal running athlete, finishing a lng run is a very ______(reward) experience. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】rewarding
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：根据专业跑步运动员的说法，完成长跑是一次非常有益的经历。根据句意可知，修饰名词experience应用形容词rewarding“有益的，值得做的”。故填rewarding。
53. Cnfucius died in 479 BC, and his humble huse in ______ is tday the city f Qufu, Shandng prvince, was turned int a memrial the fllwing year. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：孔子死于公元前479年，他在今天的山东省曲阜市的简陋的房子在第二年被改成了纪念馆。该空引导宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，意为“……的地方”，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
54. The bss f the cmpany is trying t create an easy atmsphere ________ his emplyees enjy their wrk. (适当形式填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该公司的老板试图创造轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以从中享受到工作的乐趣。此处为定语从句修饰先行词an easy atmsphere，且先行词在从句中作地点状语，故要用where。故填where。
55. Every year,______ makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whever
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：每年制作出最漂亮风筝的人都会在风筝节上获奖。本句的谓语是 will win，空处引导一个主语从句，从句中makes前缺主语，因获奖的是人，故用whever引导，故填whever。
56. The debate between them was ____________ it was wrthwhile t affrd the extra expense f hiring an expensive apartment.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】whether
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他们之间的争论是，是否值得支付租用昂贵公寓的额外费用。分析句子结构，这是一个包含表语从句的复合句，根据空白处的上文“The debate(争论)”可知，空白处下文“it was wrthwhile t affrd the extra expense f hiring an expensive apartment(支付租用昂贵公寓的额外费用)”是一个争论中的话题，空白处应填表示“是否”含义的连词连接表语从句，故填whether。
II.从方框中选出合适的短语，并用其适当的形式完成句子。（共8小题；每小题1.5分，共12分）
从方框中选出合适的短语，并用其适当的形式完成句子。
57. Educatin f infrmatin technlgy is necessary fr individuals ____________ sciety, and meanwhile it is an unavidable trend f scial develpment.
58. This develpment area ____________ creating a perfect investment envirnment.
59. She fund herself cnstantly ____________ her parents ver her future career.
60. My main reasn fr ____________ New Scientist is t keep track f advances in science.
61. ____________the accuracy f the data, the researchers stuck t their pinin.
62. By cnserving the sil and water, the muntains ____________a new lk s far, with trees rted deep.
63. Since the Cnfucian puts “mral cnduct” n the first place, it is time that undergraduates mral character educatin ____________ the mral behavir develping.
64. Keeping yur mind ____________ tasks is a methd t get rid f negative emtins.
【答案】57. t integrate int
58. is cmmitted t
59. cnflicting with
60. subscribing t
61. Cnvinced f
62. have taken n
63. shuld put emphasis n##put emphasis n
64. ccupied with
【解析】
【57题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：信息技术教育是个体融入社会的需要，也是社会发展的必然趋势。结合句意可知，此处指融入社会，短语integrate int“融入”符合，根据固定句型“主语+be+adj.+(fr sb.) t d...”可知，空处应填不定式。故填t integrate int。故填t integrate int。
【58题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：这个开发区致力于打造一个完善的投资环境。根据“creating a perfect investment envirnment.”可知，此处指致力于打造一个完善的投资环境，短语be cmmitted t“致力于”符合，作句子谓语；句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语area是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is cmmitted t。
【59题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：她发现自己在未来的职业问题上经常与父母发生冲突。根据“her parents ver her future career.”推知，此处是指在未来职业问题上和父母发生冲突，短语cnflict with“与……发生冲突”符合；空处作宾补，cnflict with和宾语herself之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填cnflicting with。
【60题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：我订阅《新科学家》杂志的主要原因是为了了解科学的最新进展。根据“New Scientist”推知，此处是指订阅杂志，短语subscribe t“订阅”符合，位于介词fr后用其动名词形式作宾语。故填subscribing t。
【61题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：由于确信数据的准确性，研究人员坚持自己的观点。根据“the researchers stuck t their pinin”可知，此处指确信数据的准确性，短语“确信……”符合；空处作状语，cnvince和逻辑主语 researchers之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词形式。故填Cnvinced f。
【62题详解】
考查动词短语态。句意：通过保护土壤和水，山脉至今呈现出新的面貌，树木深深扎根。根据“a new lk”可知，此处指呈现新面貌，短语take n“呈现”符合，作谓语；根据时间状语s far可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语muntains是复数，助动词用have。故填have taken n。
【63题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：既然儒家把“德行”放在首位，那么大学生的道德教育就应该重视道德行为的发展。根据“Since the Cnfucian puts “mral cnduct” n the first place”推知，此处指大学生的道德教育应该重视道德行为的发展，短语put emphasis n“重视”符合；根据固定句型“it is time d/did...（该某人做某事的时候）”可知，that引导的定语从句为虚拟语气，谓语部分为shuld d/did。故填shuld put emphasis n/ put emphasis n。
【64题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：让你的大脑忙于任务是一种摆脱消极情绪的方法。根据“a methd t get rid f negative emtins”推知，此处指让大脑被任务占据，即忙于各种任务，短语be ccupied with“忙于”符合，此处省略be，用过去分词作宾补。故填ccupied with。
III.根据中文意思完成句子。（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分，每空一词）
65. 当我在日本学习时，我意识到我的语言技能远不够让我流畅地进行交流。
When I studied in Japan, I realized my language skills ________enugh fr me t cmmunicate fluently.
【答案】were far frm
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。对比中英文句子可知，空处需填“选不”；“远非，远不”表达为be far frm；根据主句谓语动词realized可知，宾语从句为一般过去时，主语language skills是复数，be用were。故填were far frm。
66. 嗨，麦克，不知道你能不能帮我个忙，告诉教授我五分钟后回来？
Hi, Mike, I wnder if yu culd________and tell the prfessr I will be back in 5 minutes.
【答案】d me a favr
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。表示“帮我个忙”可用动词短语d me a favr，动词原形和情态动词culd构成复合谓语。故填d me a favr。
67. 这只是一个巧合，因此没有人要对此事负责。
As it is just a cincidence, n ne________ it.
【答案】shuld be t blame fr
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。表示“对某事负责”可用固定搭配be t blame fr (sth)，动词原形和情态动词shuld“应该，要”构成复合谓语。故填shuld be t blame fr。
68. 警方正呼吁公众提供有关失踪男孩的任何信息。
The plice ________ the public fr any infrmatin abut the missing by.
【答案】are appealing t
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。对比中英文句子可知，空处需填“正呼吁”；“呼吁”用动词短语appeal t表达，结合语境和“正”可知，该动作正在发生，应用现在进行时，主语plice是集体名词，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are appealing t。
69. 当他被怀疑携带毒品时，警察搜查了他，却什么也没发现。
When ________carrying drugs, he was gne thrugh by the plice but nthing was fund.
【答案】suspected f
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。表示“怀疑某人有犯罪行为”可用动词短语suspect f，动词和主语之间是被动关系，根据后文was可知，用一般过去时的被动语态，he was suspected f；状语从句中可省略主语和be，用其过去分词作状语。故填suspected f。
70. 与他人一起参加休闲活动有助于满足我们的社交需求。
________ leisure-time activities with thers helps us t meet ur scial needs.
【答案】Engaging/Participating in
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词。空处表示“参加”，使用动词短语engage/participate in，空处作主语，应用动名词形式，句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Engaging/Participating in。
71. 由于精通英语，我可以打破语言障碍，这使我能够与外国人自由地交流。
With a gd cmmand f English, I can ________, which allws me t cmmunicate freely with freigners.
【答案】vercme the language barrier
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和名词。对比中英文句子可知，空处需填“打破语言障碍”；“打破语言障碍”即“克服语言障碍”，用动词vercme表达“克服”，情态动词can后接动词原形；宾语“语言障碍”表达为the language barrier。故填vercme the language barrier。
72. 那次实验失败给他留下了阴影。
The failure f that experiment ________ him.
【答案】cast a shadw ver
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。cast a shadw ver...意为“给……留下阴影”，根据句意可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语用过去式cast。故填cast a shadw ver。
73. 据估计，到2050年，这个国家的人口将增加3000万，而且将近80%的人口会生活在城市。
________ by the 2050, this cuntry’s ppulatin will have increased by 30 millin and clse t 80% will live in urban areas.
【答案】It is estimated that
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“据估计”，故用固定句型it is estimated that，其中it为形式主语；从句不缺少含义和成分，用that引导主语从句；结合句意可知，主句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，故填It is estimated that。
74. 与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同视角看待世界。
________ peple frm diverse cultural backgrunds helps us view the wrld frm a different angle.
【答案】Cperating with
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“与……合作”用固定短语cperate with。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Cperating with。
IV.语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空(正确形式可使用两个词或以上)。
Diajialu is a masterpiece f Chinese traditinal cnstructin. It’s said that when the first ancient pineers set ut frm nrthern and central China in the hpe f___75___ (settle) in suthern China, they came upn difficulties. In the frests f suthern China, they met with beasts, pisnus snakes and insects. They managed t settle a clny and set fires t drive away beasts.___76___, they were still trubled by snakes and insects, until ne leader,___77___ distinguished wise ld man in the cmmunity at that time, came up with an idea f putting up a building hung n wden stilts (支柱). The clny then agreed n the idea and such buildings ___78___ (cnstruct) with jint effrts did help the early settlers stay safe frm the dangers. These buildings___79___ (gain) ppularity amng several minrities since then.
Diajialu typically has tw t three flrs. The upper flrs are held up by stilts, ___80___ appearance makes the building lk unsteady. But these stilts___81___ (strengthen) by sme stne blcks at their base s as t make Diajialu still.
The grund flr is___82___ (primary) made up f stilts withut walls. This flr tends t be used___83___ a place fr keeping farm animals r putting firewd and farming____84____ (equip). The upper flrs are mainly living spaces.
【答案】75. settling
76. Hwever
77. a 78. cnstructed
79. have gained
80. whse 81. are strengthened
82. primarily
83. as 84. equipment
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了吊脚楼这一中国传统建筑的起源和构造。
【75题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：据说，当第一批古代拓荒者从中国北部和中部出发，希望在中国南部定居时，他们遇到了困难。空处应用动名词作介词f的宾语。故填settling。
【76题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，他们仍然受到蛇和昆虫的困扰，直到一位领导人，当时社区里一位杰出的智者，想出了一个主意，搭建一栋挂在木柱上的建筑。前文“They managed t settle a clny and set fires t drive away beasts.(他们设法安置了一个殖民地，并纵火驱赶野兽。)”讲述了他们建造了殖民地并驱赶了野兽，后文“they were still trubled by snakes and insects”讲他们仍然受到蛇虫的困扰，前后之间是转折关系，且空后有逗号，所以这里应用副词hwever(然而)，修饰整个句子。故填Hwever。
【77题详解】
考查冠词。句意参考上题。根据空后的“distinguished wise ld man”可知，这里是空前的“ne leader”的同位语，泛指一位杰出的智者，且distinguished的发音以辅音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【78题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：殖民地随后同意了这一想法，通过共同努力建造的这些建筑确实帮助早期定居者远离危险。本句的谓语是did help，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语such buildings和cnstruct之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填cnstructed。
【79题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，这些建筑在少数民族中广受欢迎。根据句中的时间状语“since then”可知，这里应用现在完成时。主语buildings为复数，所以谓语应用复数形式。故填have gained。
【80题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：上层是用柱子支撑的，柱子的外观使建筑看起来不稳定。分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词stilts，且stilts和appearance之间是所属关系，所以应用whse引导，whse作定语修饰appearance。故填whse。
【81题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：但柱子的底部用一些石块加固，使吊脚楼不动。根据上下文时态和句意可知，这里在讲述吊脚楼的建造原理，应用一般现在时。主语these stilts和strengthen之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且谓语应用复数。故填are strengthened。
【82题详解】
考查副词。句意：底层主要由没有墙壁的柱子组成。空处应用副词，修饰动词短语made up。primarily意为“主要地”。故填primarily。
【83题详解】
考查介词。句意：这一层往往被用作饲养家畜或放置木柴和农业设备的地方。be used as意为“被用作”，为固定搭配。故填as。
【84题详解】
考查名词。句意参考上题。空处和and前的firewd一起作putting的宾语，应用名词。equipment意为“设备”，为不可数名词。故填equipment。
V.书面表达 （共20分）
85. 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Harry非常喜欢中国茶文化。近期你市文化中心将举办中国茶文化展（China Tea Culture Exp)。请写一封信告知Harry这一消息。
内容包括：1.时间地点；2.展览内容；3.适当的开头和结尾。
注意：写作词数应为120左右。
Dear Harry,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Harry,
I hpe this letter finds yu well. Knwing yur strng enthusiasm fr Chinese tea culture, I’m writing t share with yu the related news abut a tea culture exhibitin.
As is scheduled, the exhibitin will cmmence at the cultural center next weekend, running fr ten days, during which time all kinds f teas frm different regins f China will be n shw and the significance f tea in Chinese culture will be highlighted.
In additin, there will be talks abut the histry and traditin f tea drinking and even a tea ceremny demnstratin. I d hpe yu can take the chance t quench yur thirst fr the magnificent Chinese tea culture. Lking frward t yur early reply
Yurs sincerely,
LiHua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封信告知新西兰朋友Harry，近期市文化中心将举办中国茶文化展的有关事宜。
【详解】1.词汇积累
消息：news→infrmatin
各种各样的：all kinds f →a variety f
展览：shw→display
另外：in additin→besides
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Knwing yur strng enthusiasm fr Chinese tea culture, I’m writing t share with yu the related news abut a tea culture exhibitin.
拓展句：Because I knw yur strng enthusiasm fr Chinese tea culture, I’m writing t share with yu the related news abut a tea culture exhibitin.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knwing yur strng enthusiasm fr Chinese tea culture, I’m writing t share with yu the related news abut a tea culture exhibitin. (运用了非谓语动词现分词作状语)
【高分句型2】As is scheduled, the exhibitin will cmmence at the cultural center next weekend, running fr ten days, during which time all kinds f teas frm different regins f China will be n shw and the significance f tea in Chinese culture will be highlighted. (运用了非谓语动词现在分词作状语和介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句)cnvince... f..., cnflict with, subscribe t, be ccupied with,
take n, put emphasis n, cmmit... t..., integrate int
第Ⅰ卷 （共69分）
第一部分 听力（共20小题；每小题1分，共20分）
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5 段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Why is the man's phne brken?
A. It has water damage. B. The battery died. C. He drpped it n the grund.
2. What will the speakers prbably d next?
A. Turn n a fan. B. Leave the ffice. C. Set ff the alarm.
3. Hw many peple will be at dinner?
A. Tw. B. Three. C. Fur.
4. What kept the wman awake last night?
A. The strm B. The temperature C. The repairs f the pwer.
5. What are the speakers ding?
A. Eating vegetables. B. Shpping fr fruit. C. Picking flwers.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项， 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前， 你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后， 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7 题。
6. Why des the wman call?
A. T bk a table.
B. T reschedule an interview.
C. T apply fr a part-time jb.
7. What will the wman d at 2:30 this afternn?
A. Attend a class. B. Meet the manager. C. Wrk in a restaurant.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. What d we knw abut the girl?
A. She is always bred. B. She misses her family. C. She is busy th is weekend
9. When did the girl see her family last time?
A. On a hliday. B. On her birthday. C. At a relative's wedding.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10 What are the speakers mainly discussing?
A. Child educatin. B. Pet management. C. Nise disturbance.
11. What d we knw abut the speakers' new neighbrs?
A. They have three kids.
B. They have a big apartment.
C. They ften keep their dgs in.
12. Hw will the speakers prbably deal with the prblem?
A. Speak with their neighbrs.
B. Talk with the ther residents.
C. Send a message t their neighbrs.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where are the speakers?
A. In a studi. B. In a museum. C. In a library.
14. When did Rnald meet Ansel?
A. While fishing n a bat.
B. While taking the phts.
C. While relaxing n the tp f a muntain.
15. What made Rnald want t learn frm Ansel?
A. That he knew the best spts.
B. That he had a passin fr art.
C. That he had a wealth f infrmatin.
16. Wh is Rnald?
A. A designer. B. A phtgrapher. C. An histrian.
听第10段材料， 回答第17至 20题。
17. Hw did the Dggerland peple make a living?
A. By hunting. B. By farming. C. By trading.
18. Wh ften find the evidence f Dggerland?
A. Histrians. B. Fishermen. C. Scientists.
19. Which mdern issue d researchers warn us abut?
A. Climate change. B. Immigratin（移民）. C. Pllutin.
20. What is the main subject f the talk?
A. Ancient fld stries in the UK.
B. Future danger f flding in the UK.
C. Ancient flded land ff the UK cast.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，共34分）
第一节 （共12小题；每小题2分，共24分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项， 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Scientists have shwn hw plants can prtect themselves against genetic (基因的) damage caused by envirnmental stresses. The grwing tips f plant rts and shts have an in-built mechanism (机制) that spells cell death if DNA damage is detected, aviding passing n faulty DNA.
Plants have small ppulatins f stem cells (干细胞) at the tips f their rts and shts, which enable them t cntinuusly grw and prduce new tissues thrughut their lifetime. These stem cells serve as ancestrs fr plant tissues and rgans. Hwever, any genetic faults present in the stem cells will cntinue t exist and be passed n permanently thrughut the plant’s life, which culd last thusands f years.
Given the critical rle f stem cells and their expsure t ptentially dangerus envirnments at the grwing tips f rts and shts, safeguards are necessary t prevent stem cell faults frm becming fixed. Researchers Nick Fulcher and Rbert Sablwski, funded by the Bitechnlgy and Bilgical Sciences Research Cuncil, aimed t uncver these prtective mechanisms. Thrugh experiments invlving X-rays and chemicals, they discvered that stem cells were mre sensitive t DNA damage cmpared t ther cells.
When DNA damage ccurs, the cells have the capacity t detect it and cause prgrammed cells t die, preventing the prpagatin f the damaged genetic cde t the rest f the plant tissues. This prcess has similarities t the safeguard mechanism fund in animal cells, which has been bradly studied due t its relevance in preventing cancer.
The identificatin f a similar prtective system in plants is f great interest in the field f plant develpment It als helps scientists develp plants that can better handle envirnmental stress. S knwledge f hw plants deal with these stresses is f fundamental significance t agricultural science’s respnse t climate change.
1. What is the functin f the in-built mechanism in plants?
A. T prduce mre rts and shts.B. T increase the verall lifetime f the plant.
C. T enhance plant grwth and nutrient intake.D. T stp genetic faults in stem cells passing n.
2. What can we knw abut stem cells in plants accrding t the text?
A. They are relatively abundant in quantity.B. They are resistant t envirnmental stresses.
C. They make quick respnse t DNA damage.D. They have the ability t repair damaged DNA.
3. What des the underlined wrd “prpagatin” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Spread.B. Change.C. Existence.D. Self-repair.
4. What des the last paragraph fcus n?
A. The way f dealing with climate change n the earth.
B. The significance f identifying the prtective system in plants.
C. The methd f ensuring plant survival under envirnmental stress.
D. The urgency f develping plants that can handle envirnmental stress.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们已经展示了植物如何保护自己免受环境压力造成的遗传损害，即植物拥有内建机制，来阻止干细胞中的基因缺陷遗传下去。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The grwing tips f plant rts and shts have an in-built mechanism (机制) that spells cell death if DNA damage is detected, aviding passing n faulty DNA.(植物的根和芽的生长尖端有一个内置的机制，如果检测到DNA损伤，就会导致细胞死亡，从而避免将有缺陷的DNA传递给下一代)”可知，植物内建机制的功能是阻止干细胞中的基因缺陷遗传下去。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Thrugh experiments invlving X-rays and chemicals, they discvered that stem cells were mre sensitive t DNA damage cmpared t ther cells.(通过涉及x射线和化学物质的实验，他们发现干细胞比其他细胞对DNA损伤更敏感)”可知，植物中的干细胞对DNA损伤做出快速反应。故选C。
【3题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“When DNA damage ccurs, the cells have the capacity t detect it and cause prgrammed cells t die, preventing the”以及后文“f the damaged genetic cde t the rest f the plant tissues”可知，当DNA受损时，细胞有能力检测到它，并导致程序化细胞死亡，防止受损的遗传密码传播到植物组织的其他部分。故划线词意思是“传播”。故选A。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The identificatin f a similar prtective system in plants is f great interest in the field f plant develpment. It als helps scientists develp plants that can better handle envirnmental stress. S knwledge f hw plants deal with these stresses is f fundamental significance t agricultural science’s respnse t climate change.(在植物中发现类似的保护系统在植物发育领域具有重要意义。它还帮助科学家培育出能够更好地应对环境压力的植物。因此，了解植物如何应对这些压力对农业科学应对气候变化具有重要意义)”可知，最后一段的重点是识别植物保护系统的意义。故选B。
B
On Octber 20th cmes “Killers f the Flwer Mn” frm the directr Martin Scrsese. At nearly three and a half hurs, its length is nearly duble that f the average film last year. Even mvie fans struggle t cncentrate fr that lng. During the premiere at the Cannes Film Festival in May, sme viewers dzed ff. Afterwards there was a mad dash (and lng queue) fr the tilets. When did watching a film becme such a labr?
Film-makers started prducing lng-lasting mvies at a rapid pace in the early 1960s. Cinema was bming and filmmakers wanted t distinguish their art frm televisin. Epics surpassing the three-and-a-half hur mark graced the silver screen. Back then audiences enjyed an interval while the prjectinist prepared the reels fr the next act. Runtimes f ppular films experienced ups and dwns ver subsequent decades. But they have ballned since 2018.
Mvie series is ne driver f this trend. Studis want t squeeze the mst ut f their cstly intellectual prperty, but they are cmpeting with streaming platfrms fr eyeballs. The hpe is that a spectacular, drawn-ut blckbuster (大片) will tempt audiences away frm the small screen and int cinemas. This apprach has ften paid ff: “Avengers: Endgame” (2019), which shwcased Marvel superheres remarkably with a runtime f three hurs, achieved the highest bx ffice revenue amng all films in that year.
Anything that attracts peple away frm their sfas t see a film in theatres is gd news fr cinemas. But lengthy runtimes als pse a “fundamental prblem”, cmplains Clare Binns f Picturehuse, a British cinema grup and film distributr. Lng mvies can mean abandning tw shwings per night, which hurts ticket sales and prfits.
Anther explanatin fr lnger films has t d with directrs’ grwing influence. Wh wuld dare tell the likes f Mr Nlan t shrten his masterpieces? Streamers, which d nt have t wrry as much abut cncisin because viewers can pause whenever they like, may attract big names with deep pckets and prmises f creative freedm. “Killers f the Flwer Mn” will debut n AppleTV+ after its theatrical release.
5. What can we learn frm paragraph 1?
A. Mvie fans tend t have a dislike fr lng mvies.
B. Mvie theaters shuld prvide adequate restrms.
C. The average mvie fan cannt fcus fr ver three hurs.
D. Lng mvies affect audience engagement and physical cmfrt.
6. What des the underlined wrd “ballned” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Expanded with air.B. Made great prfits.
C. Enjyed great ppularityD. Increased rapidly in length.
7. Why des the authr mentin the mvie “Avengers: Endgame”?
A. T demnstrate the trend f lnger mvies.
B. T highlight the success f Marvel series.
C T illustrate the strng appeal f mvie series.
D. T emphasize the studi-streaming platfrm cntest.
8. Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Mvie Marathns: Past and PresentB. Lng Mvies: Impacts and Reasns
C. Filmmaking: Challenges and RewardsD. Streaming Platfrms: Prmising and Prfitable
【答案】5. D 6. D 7. C 8. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今电影时间越来越长的现象，介绍了电影时间增加的起源以及背后的原因。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“On Octber 20th cmes “Killers f the Flwer Mn” frm the directr Martin Scrsese. At nearly three and a half hurs, its length is nearly duble that f the average film last year. Even mvie fans struggle t cncentrate fr that lng. During the premiere at the Cannes Film Festival in May, sme viewers dzed ff. Afterwards there was a mad dash (and lng queue) fr the tilets. When did watching a film becme such a labr?(10月20日将上映马丁·斯科塞斯导演的《花月杀手》。该片时长近三个半小时，几乎是去年平均时长的两倍。即使是影迷也很难长时间集中注意力。在5月份戛纳电影节首映期间，一些观众打起了瞌睡。之后，人们疯狂地冲进厕所(排起了长队)。什么时候看电影变成了一种劳动？)”可推知，长电影影响观众的参与度和身体舒适度。故选D。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Runtimes f ppular films experienced ups and dwns ver subsequent decades.”以及but表示转折，可知，流行电影的播放时间经历了起伏。但自 2018 年以来，电影的播放时间长度迅速增加。故划线词意思是“长度迅速增加”。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Mvie series is ne driver f this trend. (电影系列是这一趋势的驱动力之一)”以及“The hpe is that a spectacular, drawn-ut blckbuster (大片) will tempt audiences away frm the small screen and int cinemas. This apprach has ften paid ff: “Avengers: Endgame” (2019), which shwcased Marvel superheres remarkably with a runtime f three hurs, achieved the highest bx ffice revenue amng all films in that year.(他们希望一部壮观、持久的大片能将观众从小屏幕吸引到电影院。这种做法往往取得了成效:《复仇者联盟4：终局之战》（2019年）以3小时的片长出色地展示了漫威超级英雄，在当年所有电影中获得了最高的票房收入)”可推知，作者提到了电影《复仇者联盟4：终局之战》是为了说明电影系列的强大吸引力。故选C。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Mvie series is ne driver f this trend.(电影系列是这一趋势的驱动力之一)”以及最后一段“Anther explanatin fr lnger films has t d with directrs’ grwing influence. (另一种解释是，导演的影响力越来越大)”结合文章主要说明了如今电影时间越来越长的现象，介绍了电影时间增加的起源以及背后的原因。故B选项“长时间电影：影响和原因”最符合文章标题。故选B。
C
Far, far belw yur feet lies a surce f nearly endless energy. Earth's cre is abut as ht as the surface f the Sun, s ht that it melts the rcky layers abve it int magma, r liquid rck. Wuldn't it be great if we culd tap int all that energy? In sme places, we d!
The Geysers is an area nrth f San Francisc in Califrnia where magma's heat turns a reservir f undergrund water int steam. This regin is hme t 18 gethermal pwer plants. The steam rises up thrugh spaces between the rcks undergrund, a bit like hw steam purs frm a teakettle biling n a stve. The pwer plant has pipelines that send the steam int the turbines (涡轮机) where electricity flw is generated. Once the steam leaves the turbine, it ges int a cling twer where it turns back int liquid. Then it's piped back int the reservir t be reheated again. Other kinds f gethermal pwer plants pump ht grundwater int the pwer plant. Then the pressure is reduced, causing the liquid t flash int steam that turns the turbine and generates electricity flw. Once the steam cls and turns back int liquid, it's pumped back dwn int the reservir t begin the cycle again.
S why dn't we all heat ur hmes with free steam frm the earth? First, the heat has t be clse enugh t the surface fr us t reach it. Next, there has t be plenty f undergrund water t be heated. Finally, there has t be a layer f rck that water r steam can flw thrugh. S in places where all three f thse things cme tgether, gethermal energy can be a pwerful renewable energy surce. Besides, when a gethermal plant returns water back int the ht rcks f a reservir, it makes the rck crack a bit, which can cause small earthquakes. There's anther danger that cmes with drilling near magma-pipes and ther equipment might melt if they hit a pcket f magma r are caught in an eruptin. One gethermal plant in Hawaii was partially buried by lava in 2018. But engineers are hpeful that the repaired plant will generate even mre pwer. Gethermal energy isn't the answer fr everywhere, but it's a piece f the puzzle t help slw climate change.
9. In which part f pwer plants is the electricity made?
A. The turbine.B. The reservir.C. The pipeline.D. The twer.
10. What prevents free steam frm being widely develped accrding t paragraph 3?
A. Hard surface and pssible earthquakes.
B. Changeable climate and unqualified equipment.
C. Limited undergrund water and thin layers f rck.
D. Unsuitable gelgical cnditins and ptential dangers.
11. Why is the buried gethermal plant in Hawaii mentined?
A. T demnstrate the great effrt that engineers made.
B. T shw the pwer that the repaired plant can generate.
C. T illustrate the danger caused by drilling near magma.
D. T praise the engineers wh repaired the generate plant.
12. What is the authr's attitude twards gethermal energy?
A. Uncncerned.B. Unclear.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
【答案】9. A 10. D 11. C 12. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在你脚下很深的地方，蕴藏着无穷无尽的能量。地核的温度大约和太阳表面一样高，以至于它上面的岩层融化成岩浆，也就是液态岩石。文章重点介绍了地热能源的利用。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The pwer plant has pipelines that send the steam int the turbines where electricity flw is generated.”（发电厂有管道将蒸汽送入涡轮机，在那里产生电力。）可知，电力是在发电厂的涡轮机这个部分产生的。故选A项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“S why dn't we all heat ur hmes with free steam frm the earth? First, the heat has t be clse enugh t the surface fr us t reach it. Next, there has t be plenty f undergrund water t be heated. Finally, there has t be a layer f rck that water r steam can flw thrugh. S in places where all three f thse things cme tgether, gethermal energy can be a pwerful renewable energy surce.”（那么，为什么我们不都用地球上的免费蒸汽来为我们的家供暖呢？首先，热量必须离地表足够近，这样我们才能到达。其次，必须有足够的地下水来加热。最后，必须有一层岩石，水或蒸汽可以通过。所以在这三种能源同时存在的地方，地热能可以成为一种强大的可再生能源。）可推知，不适宜的地质条件和潜在的危险阻碍了免费蒸汽的广泛发展。故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“There's anther danger that cmes with drilling near magma-pipes and ther equipment might melt if they hit a pcket f magma r are caught in an eruptin. One gethermal plant in Hawaii was partially buried by lava in 2018.”（在岩浆附近钻探还有另一个危险——如果管道和其他设备碰到岩浆区或被火山喷发困住，它们可能会融化。2018年，夏威夷的一家地热发电厂部分被熔岩掩埋。）可推知，提到了夏威夷的地下地热发电厂是为了说明在岩浆附近钻探所造成的危险。故选C项。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Gethermal energy isn't the answer fr everywhere, but it's a piece f the puzzle t help slw climate change.”（地热能源并不是所有地方的解决方案，但它是减缓气候变化的拼图中的一块。）可推知，作者对地热能源的态度是赞成的。故选D项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Online training is ne f the fastest grwing parts f the fitness industry. If yu’re cnsidering jining the nline fitness cmmunity, cnsider these benefits and drawbacks.
One f the mst ppular reasns fr wrking ut fllwing an nline vide is that it ffers ultimate cnvenience. N need t rll ut f bed at 5 a. m. t attend that 6 a. m. bt camp class, which may end up being full when yu arrive.____13____And what if yu’re n the rad? N prblem. Yu can access yur wrkut vide thrugh yur phne.
____14____Mst nline fitness prgrams are much less expensive than similar ffline prgrams—mst range in cst frm $ 10 t $ 20 per mnth. Sme are even free. Fr example, the nline Les Mills+prgram ffers a free 30-day trial f its 1,500-plus wrkuts.
Online training als has brad fferings. When yu head nline, yu have instructrs frm arund the glbe, all ready and willing t help yu master yur favrite mves.____15____Just because there isn’t a Krav Maga class in yur area desn’t mean yu can’t g nline t find ne led by qualified instructrs.
All these are undubtedly psitive-nline training prvides fitness resurces t general cnsumers wherever they are, withut requiring access t a gym r fitness studi.____16____
Very few nline fitness prgrams enable the instructr t see yu, check yur frm, and ffer crrectins based n yur perfrmance.____17____This is particularly cncerning fr beginners, as they’re mre likely t d incrrectly. Besides, if yu struggle with self-mtivatin and prefer a scial wrkut envirnment, nline fitness may nt be fr yu.
A. Anther is the price.
B. But it’s nt withut prblems.
C. The same ges fr different types f exercise.
D. Hwever, nline persnal training isn’t fr everyne.
E. Instead, yu can turn it n at hme at yur cnvenience.
F. That being said, nline wrkuts aren’t perfect when it cmes t safety.
G. This means yu culd perfrm exercises wrngly, r even unsafely, withut knwing it.
【答案】13. E 14. A 15. C 16. B 17. G
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了在线健身的利与弊。
【13题详解】
根据第二段的首句“One f the mst ppular reasns fr wrking ut fllwing an nline vide is that it ffers ultimate cnvenience. (跟着在线视频健身最流行的原因之一是它提供了极大的便利。)”可知，本段主要介绍了在线健身的优势之一是其便捷性。同时根据空前“N need t rll ut f bed at 5 a. m. t attend that 6 a. m. bt camp class, which may end up being full when yu arrive.(没有必要在早上5点从床上爬起来去参加早上6点的训练营课程，当你到达时，训练营可能会爆满。)”可知，此处提到你不必凌晨5点起床去参加6点的训练营课程，因此空处应与在线健身便利性的实际做法有关。E项“Instead, yu can turn it n at hme at yur cnvenience.(相反，你可以在你方便时在家里打开课程。)”中提到的是实际的做法，符合语境。故选E。
【14题详解】
根据空后“Mst nline fitness prgrams are much less expensive than similar ffline prgrams—mst range in cst frm $ 10 t $ 20 per mnth. Sme are even free.(大多数在线健身项目都比类似的线下项目便宜得多，每个月的费用从10美元到20美元不等。有些甚至免费。)”可知，本段谈论的是在线健身在价格方面的优势。A项“Anther is the price.(另一个是价格)”能够概括段落的主要内容，同时A项中的“Anther”与第二段首句中的“One”的呼应关系亦是提示。故选A。
【15题详解】
根据第四段的首句“Online training als has brad fferings. (在线培训的内容也很广泛。)”可知，本段主要介绍的是在线健身可以提供多样的选择。同时根据空前“When yu head nline, yu have instructrs frm arund the glbe, all ready and willing t help yu master yur favrite mves.(当你上网时，你有来自世界各地的教练，他们都准备好了，愿意帮助你掌握你最喜欢的动作。)”可知，网络上有来自全世界的教练已经准备好并愿意帮助你掌握你最喜欢的动作，空后“Just because there isn’t a Krav Maga class in yur area desn’t mean yu can’t g nline t find ne led by qualified instructrs.(仅仅因为你所在的地区没有Krav Maga课程并不意味着你不能在网上找到一个由合格的讲师带领的课程)”提到你所在的地区没有Krav Maga课程并不意味着你不能在网上找到一个。综上可知，空处应是在讲在网上能不受限制地开展多种多样的健身活动，故C项“The same ges fr different types f exercise.(不同类型的运动也是如此。)”符合语境。故选C。
【16题详解】
根据第一段最后一句“If yu’re cnsidering jining the nline fitness cmmunity, cnsider these benefits and drawbacks.(如果你正在考虑加入在线健身社区，考虑一下这些好处和缺点。)”可知，文章既介绍了在线健身的优势，也介绍了在线健身的劣势。上文内容介绍的是优势，最后一段“Very few nline fitness prgrams enable the instructr t see yu, check yur frm, and ffer crrectins based n yur perfrmance.(很少有在线健身项目能让教练看到你，检查你的状态，并根据你的表现给出纠正。)”介绍的是劣势。因此空处应填一个承上启下的句子，引出在线健身的不足，故B项“But it’s nt withut prblems.(但是，它也不是没有问题)”符合语境。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据空前“Very few nline fitness prgrams enable the instructr t see yu, check yur frm, and ffer crrectins based n yur perfrmance.(很少有在线健身项目能让教练看到你，检查你的状态，并根据你的表现给出纠正。)”和空后“This is particularly cncerning fr beginners, as they’re mre likely t d incrrectly. (这对初学者来说尤其重要，因为他们更可能做得不正确。)”可知，空处应是在线健身项目缺乏面对面指导的结果。G项“This means yu culd perfrm exercises wrngly, r even unsafely, withut knwing it.(这意味着你可能在不知情的情况下错误地、甚至不安全地进行锻炼。)”说明了缺乏面对面指导的结果，故选G。
第三部分 完形填空 （共15小题；每小题1分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Several years ag, a teacher was hired and sent t visit children wh were patients in a city hspital. Her jb was t teach them with their schlwrk s they wuldn’t be t far ___18___ when well enugh t return t schl.
One day, this teacher received a call ___19___ that she visit a particular by. She was tld by the teacher n the ther end f the line, “We’re studying nuns and adverbs nw. I’d be ___20___ if yu culd help him with his hmewrk s he desn’t fall behind the thers.”
It wasn’t until the visiting teacher gt utside the by’s rm that she ___21___ it was lcated in the hspital’s burn unit. When she had finally walked int the rm, she fund the yung by,___22___ burned, was bviusly in great ___23___ . The teacher felt awkward and didn’t knw what t say.
Finally she was able t stammer ut (结结巴巴地说).“I’m the special visiting hspital teacher, and yur teacher ___24___ me t help yu with yur nuns and adverbs.” Afterward, she thught it was nt ne f her mst ___25___ lessns.
The next mrning when she returned, ne f the nurses asked her, “What did yu d t that By?”
Befre she culd finish her aplgy, the nurse ___26___ her by saying, “Yu dn’t understand. We’ve been _____27_____ abut him, but ever since yu were here yesterday his whle _____28_____ has changed. He’s fighting back, respnding t treatment... it’s _____29_____ he’s decided t live.” The by himself later _____30_____ that he had cmpletely given up _____31_____ and felt he was ging t die, until he saw that special teacher. With happy tears in his eyes, the little by expressed it like this: “They wuldn’t send a special teacher t wrk n nuns and adverbs with a _____32_____ by, nw, wuld they?”
18.
A. ffB. awayC. behindD. apart
19.
A. insistingB. requestingC. urgingD. advising
20.
A. cncernedB. gratefulC. prudD. addicted
21.
A. appreciatedB. recgnizedC. realizedD. bserved
22.
A. hardlyB. narrwlyC. slightlyD. terribly
23.
A. painB. cmfrtC. jyD. stress
24.
A. allwedB. frcedC. preferredD. sent
25.
A. successfulB. entertainingC. prfessinalD. crucial
26.
A. recmmendedB. frgaveC. interruptedD. quit
27.
A. curiusB. wrriedC. nervusD. cnfused
28.
A. impressinB. awarenessC. gratitudeD. attitude
29.
A. in caseB. s thatC. even thughD. as thugh
30.
A. explainedB. prtestedC. referredD. delivered
31.
A. interestB. hpeC. spiritD. curage
32.
A. dyingB. inspiringC. cmpetingD. desiring
【答案】18. C 19. B 20. B 21. C 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个严重烧伤的男孩因为学校派了一位老师到医院辅导他学习而重拾求生的意念、积极配合治疗的故事。
【18题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：她的工作是教他们做功课，这样他们就不会落后太多，当他们恢复得足够好时就可以回学校了。A. ff脱离；B. away远离；C. behind在后面，落后于；D. apart分开。根据上文“Her jb was t teach them with their schlwrk s they wuldn’t be t far”可知，老师的工作是教住院的孩子功课，避免他们落后太多，后文“he desn’t fall behind the thers.”也是提示。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，这位老师接到一个电话，要求她去看望一个特别的男孩。A. insisting坚持；B. requesting要求；C. urging催促；D. advising建议。根据后文“that she visit a particular by. She was tld by the teacher n the ther end f the line”指打电话的人要求老师去看望一个特别的男孩。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你能帮助他做家庭作业，这样他就不会落后于别人了，我会很感激的。A. cncerned担心的；B. grateful感激的；C. prud骄傲的；D. addicted成瘾的。根据后文“if yu culd help him with his hmewrk s he desn’t fall behind the thers”可知，对方表达了对这位老师帮助这个孩子的感激。故选B。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到来访的老师走到男孩的房间外面，她才意识到男孩的房间位于医院的烧伤科。A. appreciated感激；B. recgnized认出；C. realized意识到；D. bserved观察。根据后文“it was lcated in the hspital’s burn unit.”指这位老师意识到男孩的房间位于医院的烧伤科。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当她终于走进房间时，她发现那个小男孩被严重烧伤，显然非常痛苦。A. hardly几乎不；B. narrwly狭窄地；C. slightly稍微；D. terribly严重地。根据后文“The teacher felt awkward and didn’t knw what t say.”推知，男孩严重烧伤，老师也吓得不知作何反应。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她终于走进房间时，她发现那个小男孩被严重烧伤，显然非常痛苦。A. pain痛苦；B. cmfrt安慰；C. jy快乐；D. stress压力。根据上文“burned, was bviusly in great”可知，小男孩被严重烧伤，显然非常痛苦。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后她终于结结巴巴地说：“我是医院的特约来访老师，你的老师派我来帮你补习名词和副词。”A. allwed允许；B. frced迫使；C. preferred偏爱；D. sent派遣。根据后文“me t help yu with yur nuns and adverbs”可知，这位老师是男孩的老师派来教男孩名词和副词的。send sb. t d sth.表示“派某人做某事”。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：过后，她认为这不是她最成功的课程之一。A. successful成功的；B. entertaining有趣的；C. prfessinal专业的；D. crucial重要的。根据后文“Befre she culd finish her aplgy”可知，老师准备道歉；由此推知，她认为自己前一天的课教授得不成功。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她还没来得及道歉，护士就打断她说：“你不明白。我们一直很担心他，但是自从你昨天来了以后，他的整个态度都变了。”A. recmmended建议；B. frgave原谅；C. interrupted打断；D. quit停止。根据上文“Befre she culd finish her aplgy, the nurse”可知，护士打断了老师的道歉。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她还没来得及道歉，护士就打断她说：“你不明白。我们一直很担心他，但是自从你昨天来了以后，他的整个态度都变了。”A. curius好奇的；B. wrried担心的；C. nervus紧张的；D. cnfused困惑的。根据后文“he’s decided t live”可知，男孩上课以后发生了改变，说明之前放弃了活下去的希望，护士们很担心。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她还没来得及道歉，护士就打断她说：“你不明白。我们一直很担心他，但是自从你昨天来了以后，他的整个态度都变了。”A. impressin印象；B. awareness意识；C. gratitude感激；D. attitude态度。根据后文“He’s fighting back, respnding t treatment”可知，男孩的态度变了，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查连接词词义辨析。句意：他在反抗，对治疗有反应……就好像他决定要活下去。A. in case万一；B. s that以便；C. even thugh即使；D. as thugh好像。根据上文“He’s fighting back, respnding t treatment”和后文“he’s decided t live”可知，男孩的行为表明他好像决定活下去；引导方式状语从句，表示“好像”应用as thugh。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩自己后来解释说，他已经完全放弃了希望，觉得自己快要死了，直到他见到了那位特别的老师。A. explained解释；B. prtested抗议；C. referred参考；D. delivered递送。后文“that he had cmpletely given up”是男孩解释自己当时的情况。故选A。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个男孩自己后来解释说，他已经完全放弃了希望，觉得自己快要死了，直到他见到了那位特别的老师。A. interest兴趣；B. hpe希望；C. spirit精神；D. curage勇气。根据后文“felt he was ging t die”可知，男孩当时放弃了生的希望。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查形容词和动词词义辨析。句意：小男孩眼里含着幸福的泪水，这样说：“他们不会派一个特别的老师来教一个快死的男孩名词和副词吧？”A. dying濒死的；B. inspiring鼓舞人心的；C. cmpeting相互竞争的；D. desiring渴望。呼应上文“and felt he was ging t die”指男孩当时以为自己快要死了。故选A。
第Ⅱ卷 （共81分）
I. 根据所给首字母写出正确的单词来完成句子或单句语法填空（每空只填一个单词）。（共24小题；每小题1分，共24分）注意：将首字母一起填写到答题卷上，即答案卷上要写出完整的单词。
33. With the sense f “infrmatin” c______ with that f “atmsphere”, an English wrd “infsphere” has appeared in recent years.（根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】cmbined##mbined
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来出现了一个英语单词“infsphere”，它将“infrmatin”的意思与“atmsphere”的意思结合起来。结合句意和首字母提示可知，表示“使结合”用动词cmbine，“把……和……结合起来”；空处在with复合结构中作宾补，cmbine和宾语the sense f “infrmatin”之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填cmbined。
34. Strngly ______ t pulling dwn the 100-year-ld building in the center f the city, many citizens are vicing t resist it. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】ppsed##ppsed
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：许多市民强烈反对拆除市中心这座有100年历史的建筑，并表示抗议。根据单词首字母和句意“反对”及句子结构可知，此处应用过去分词转化的形容词ppsed作原因状语，be ppsed t“反对……”是固定搭配。故填ppsed。
35. The lss has nt yet been calculated a______, but it is believed t be well beynd a hundred millin dllars. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】accurately##ccurately
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：损失还没有精确计算，但据信远远超过1亿美元。空处作状语修饰动词calculate，结合句意和首字母提示可知，副词accurately“准确地”符合题意。故填accurately。
36. Despite the fact that all kinds f infrmatin are a______ nline, it is n easy jb t distinguish the true frm the false. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】available##vailable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：尽管网上有各种各样的信息，但辨别真伪并不是一件容易的事。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用形容词available“可获得的”，作表语。故填available。
37. When e______ an emtinal crisis such as anxiety, yu are encuraged t seek prfessinal assistance, which helps t get the prblem under cntrl. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】encuntering##ncuntering
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当遇到焦虑等情绪危机时，我们鼓励你寻求专业帮助，这有助于控制问题。结合首字母提示和句子结构可知，动词encunter“遭遇”符合；空处作状语，encunter和逻辑主语yu之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填encuntering。
38. Exercise will imprve yur a______ fr fd because exercise cnsumes much energy and make yu feel hungry. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】appetite##ppetite
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：运动会提高你的食欲，因为运动会消耗大量能量，让你感到饥饿。根据单词首字母和句意“食欲”及句子结构可知，此处应用名词appetite(常用单数)作宾语。故填appetite。
39. The fact that there are n tw i______ fingerprints in the wrld helps the plice t use the unique bilgical infrmatin t track dwn criminals. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】identical##dentical
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：世界上没有两个完全相同的指纹，这一事实有助于警察利用独特的生物信息来追捕罪犯。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用形容词identical“相同的”，作定语，修饰fingerprints。故填identical。
40. Jane, wh manages t balance study and life, has a wide range f hbbies, v______ frm sprts t arts. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】varying##arying
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：简设法平衡学习和生活，爱好广泛，从体育到艺术都有。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用动词vary，且与逻辑主语hbbies构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填varying。
41. T pr t raise a child, she had n alternative but t have her baby a______ by anther family. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】adpted##dpted
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于太穷，无法抚养孩子，她别无选择，只能由另一个家庭收养。根据单词首字母和句意“收养”及句子结构可知，此处应用动词adpt，动词have后接复合宾语，动词adpt和宾语之间是被动关系，用其过去分词作宾语补足语。故填adpted。
42. Under the new regulatin, children, if a______ by the parents, are allwed t enter the stadium. （根据首字母单词拼写）
【答案】accmpanied##ccmpanied
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：根据新规定，如果有家长陪同，儿童可以进入体育场。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用动词accmpany，此处为状语从句的省略，在if引导的条件状语从句中，当主从句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时，可以省略从句的主语和be，accmpany与children构成被动关系，完整部分应该是if they are accmpanied by their parents，本句相当于省略了they are，用accmpanied。故填accmpanied。
43. The reasn fr her ______(prefer) fr living in the cuntryside is that the air is less plluted and the water is cleaner.（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】preference
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：她更喜欢住在农村的原因是那里的空气污染少，水更干净。形容词物主代词her后应填提示词的名词形式preference“更喜欢，偏爱”，作介词fr的宾语，该词不可数。故填preference。
44. The pwer ______ (shrt) had made him realize hw much electricity is wasted and that we need t save pwer in general. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】shrtage
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：电力短缺使他意识到有多少电被浪费了，我们一般都需要节约用电。根据句意及英文提示可知，此处使用名词shrtage，pwer shrtage“电力短缺”，为固定短语，作主语。故填shrtage。
45. The gvernment is determined t take measures t reduce ______(pr) and imprve the living standards f its citizens. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】prness## pverty
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：政府决心采取措施减少贫困，提高公民的生活水平。动词reduce后应用其名词prness或pverty(均不可数)作宾语。故填prness/pverty。
46. Thirty-three mbile applicatins have brken rules, with mst f them cllecting persnal infrmatin ______(relevant) t their services. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】irrelevant
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：33个移动应用程序违反了规定，其中大多数程序收集了与其服务无关的个人信息。根据“Thirty-three mbile applicatins have brken rules”推知，大多数程序收集了与其服务无关的个人信息，形容词irrelevant“不相关的”符合题意，作后置定语，修饰infrmatin。故填irrelevant。
47. Accrding t the latest figures, China has made ______(remark) achievements in ensuring universal access t basic educatin. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】remarkable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：根据最新数据，中国在普及基础教育方面取得了显著成就。空处作定语，修饰名词achievements，表示“显著的”，应用形容词remarkable。故填remarkable。
48. When yu are shpping, it can be very ______(frustrate) t find that the size yu want isn’t there. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】frustrating
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：当你购物的时候，发现你想要的尺码没有是非常令人沮丧的。空处作表语，主语it指“发现你想要的尺码没有”这件事，表事情的性质应用v-ing形式的形容词。故填frustrating。
49. The drunken man in wrn-ut clthes made a gesture in ______(defend) when asked abut where he came frm. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】defence
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：当被问及他来自哪里时，那个穿着破旧衣服的醉汉做了一个防御的手势。介词in后应用其名词defence(不可数)作宾语。故填defence。
50. The plan t build a factry near the cmmunity will be submitted t the cmmittee fr fficial ______ (apprve). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】apprval
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在社区附近建造工厂的计划将提交给委员会以供官方批准。设空处应为名词apprval“批准”，作fr的宾语。故答案为apprval。
51. He claimed that the current arrangements fr the care f ______ (severe) mentally ill peple were inadequate t meet their needs. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】severely
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：他声称，目前照顾严重精神病患者的安排不足以满足他们的需要。此处作状语应用副词severely表示“严重地”，修饰mentally ill。故填severely。
52. Accrding t a prfessinal running athlete, finishing a lng run is a very ______(reward) experience. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】rewarding
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：根据专业跑步运动员的说法，完成长跑是一次非常有益的经历。根据句意可知，修饰名词experience应用形容词rewarding“有益的，值得做的”。故填rewarding。
53. Cnfucius died in 479 BC, and his humble huse in ______ is tday the city f Qufu, Shandng prvince, was turned int a memrial the fllwing year. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】what
【解析】
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：孔子死于公元前479年，他在今天的山东省曲阜市的简陋的房子在第二年被改成了纪念馆。该空引导宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，意为“……的地方”，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
54. The bss f the cmpany is trying t create an easy atmsphere ________ his emplyees enjy their wrk. (适当形式填空)
【答案】where
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该公司的老板试图创造轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以从中享受到工作的乐趣。此处为定语从句修饰先行词an easy atmsphere，且先行词在从句中作地点状语，故要用where。故填where。
55. Every year,______ makes the mst beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】whever
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：每年制作出最漂亮风筝的人都会在风筝节上获奖。本句的谓语是 will win，空处引导一个主语从句，从句中makes前缺主语，因获奖的是人，故用whever引导，故填whever。
56. The debate between them was ____________ it was wrthwhile t affrd the extra expense f hiring an expensive apartment.（用适当的词填空）
【答案】whether
【解析】
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他们之间的争论是，是否值得支付租用昂贵公寓的额外费用。分析句子结构，这是一个包含表语从句的复合句，根据空白处的上文“The debate(争论)”可知，空白处下文“it was wrthwhile t affrd the extra expense f hiring an expensive apartment(支付租用昂贵公寓的额外费用)”是一个争论中的话题，空白处应填表示“是否”含义的连词连接表语从句，故填whether。
II.从方框中选出合适的短语，并用其适当的形式完成句子。（共8小题；每小题1.5分，共12分）
从方框中选出合适的短语，并用其适当的形式完成句子。
57. Educatin f infrmatin technlgy is necessary fr individuals ____________ sciety, and meanwhile it is an unavidable trend f scial develpment.
58. This develpment area ____________ creating a perfect investment envirnment.
59. She fund herself cnstantly ____________ her parents ver her future career.
60. My main reasn fr ____________ New Scientist is t keep track f advances in science.
61. ____________the accuracy f the data, the researchers stuck t their pinin.
62. By cnserving the sil and water, the muntains ____________a new lk s far, with trees rted deep.
63. Since the Cnfucian puts “mral cnduct” n the first place, it is time that undergraduates mral character educatin ____________ the mral behavir develping.
64. Keeping yur mind ____________ tasks is a methd t get rid f negative emtins.
【答案】57. t integrate int
58. is cmmitted t
59. cnflicting with
60. subscribing t
61. Cnvinced f
62. have taken n
63. shuld put emphasis n##put emphasis n
64. ccupied with
【解析】
【57题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：信息技术教育是个体融入社会的需要，也是社会发展的必然趋势。结合句意可知，此处指融入社会，短语integrate int“融入”符合，根据固定句型“主语+be+adj.+(fr sb.) t d...”可知，空处应填不定式。故填t integrate int。故填t integrate int。
【58题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：这个开发区致力于打造一个完善的投资环境。根据“creating a perfect investment envirnment.”可知，此处指致力于打造一个完善的投资环境，短语be cmmitted t“致力于”符合，作句子谓语；句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语area是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is cmmitted t。
【59题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：她发现自己在未来的职业问题上经常与父母发生冲突。根据“her parents ver her future career.”推知，此处是指在未来职业问题上和父母发生冲突，短语cnflict with“与……发生冲突”符合；空处作宾补，cnflict with和宾语herself之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填cnflicting with。
【60题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：我订阅《新科学家》杂志的主要原因是为了了解科学的最新进展。根据“New Scientist”推知，此处是指订阅杂志，短语subscribe t“订阅”符合，位于介词fr后用其动名词形式作宾语。故填subscribing t。
【61题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：由于确信数据的准确性，研究人员坚持自己的观点。根据“the researchers stuck t their pinin”可知，此处指确信数据的准确性，短语“确信……”符合；空处作状语，cnvince和逻辑主语 researchers之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词形式。故填Cnvinced f。
【62题详解】
考查动词短语态。句意：通过保护土壤和水，山脉至今呈现出新的面貌，树木深深扎根。根据“a new lk”可知，此处指呈现新面貌，短语take n“呈现”符合，作谓语；根据时间状语s far可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语muntains是复数，助动词用have。故填have taken n。
【63题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：既然儒家把“德行”放在首位，那么大学生的道德教育就应该重视道德行为的发展。根据“Since the Cnfucian puts “mral cnduct” n the first place”推知，此处指大学生的道德教育应该重视道德行为的发展，短语put emphasis n“重视”符合；根据固定句型“it is time d/did...（该某人做某事的时候）”可知，that引导的定语从句为虚拟语气，谓语部分为shuld d/did。故填shuld put emphasis n/ put emphasis n。
【64题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：让你的大脑忙于任务是一种摆脱消极情绪的方法。根据“a methd t get rid f negative emtins”推知，此处指让大脑被任务占据，即忙于各种任务，短语be ccupied with“忙于”符合，此处省略be，用过去分词作宾补。故填ccupied with。
III.根据中文意思完成句子。（共10小题，每小题1分，共10分，每空一词）
65. 当我在日本学习时，我意识到我的语言技能远不够让我流畅地进行交流。
When I studied in Japan, I realized my language skills ________enugh fr me t cmmunicate fluently.
【答案】were far frm
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。对比中英文句子可知，空处需填“选不”；“远非，远不”表达为be far frm；根据主句谓语动词realized可知，宾语从句为一般过去时，主语language skills是复数，be用were。故填were far frm。
66. 嗨，麦克，不知道你能不能帮我个忙，告诉教授我五分钟后回来？
Hi, Mike, I wnder if yu culd________and tell the prfessr I will be back in 5 minutes.
【答案】d me a favr
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。表示“帮我个忙”可用动词短语d me a favr，动词原形和情态动词culd构成复合谓语。故填d me a favr。
67. 这只是一个巧合，因此没有人要对此事负责。
As it is just a cincidence, n ne________ it.
【答案】shuld be t blame fr
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。表示“对某事负责”可用固定搭配be t blame fr (sth)，动词原形和情态动词shuld“应该，要”构成复合谓语。故填shuld be t blame fr。
68. 警方正呼吁公众提供有关失踪男孩的任何信息。
The plice ________ the public fr any infrmatin abut the missing by.
【答案】are appealing t
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。对比中英文句子可知，空处需填“正呼吁”；“呼吁”用动词短语appeal t表达，结合语境和“正”可知，该动作正在发生，应用现在进行时，主语plice是集体名词，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填are appealing t。
69. 当他被怀疑携带毒品时，警察搜查了他，却什么也没发现。
When ________carrying drugs, he was gne thrugh by the plice but nthing was fund.
【答案】suspected f
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句中的省略。表示“怀疑某人有犯罪行为”可用动词短语suspect f，动词和主语之间是被动关系，根据后文was可知，用一般过去时的被动语态，he was suspected f；状语从句中可省略主语和be，用其过去分词作状语。故填suspected f。
70. 与他人一起参加休闲活动有助于满足我们的社交需求。
________ leisure-time activities with thers helps us t meet ur scial needs.
【答案】Engaging/Participating in
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词。空处表示“参加”，使用动词短语engage/participate in，空处作主语，应用动名词形式，句首单词的首字母应大写。故填Engaging/Participating in。
71. 由于精通英语，我可以打破语言障碍，这使我能够与外国人自由地交流。
With a gd cmmand f English, I can ________, which allws me t cmmunicate freely with freigners.
【答案】vercme the language barrier
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和名词。对比中英文句子可知，空处需填“打破语言障碍”；“打破语言障碍”即“克服语言障碍”，用动词vercme表达“克服”，情态动词can后接动词原形；宾语“语言障碍”表达为the language barrier。故填vercme the language barrier。
72. 那次实验失败给他留下了阴影。
The failure f that experiment ________ him.
【答案】cast a shadw ver
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。cast a shadw ver...意为“给……留下阴影”，根据句意可知，这里表示过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，谓语用过去式cast。故填cast a shadw ver。
73. 据估计，到2050年，这个国家的人口将增加3000万，而且将近80%的人口会生活在城市。
________ by the 2050, this cuntry’s ppulatin will have increased by 30 millin and clse t 80% will live in urban areas.
【答案】It is estimated that
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“据估计”，故用固定句型it is estimated that，其中it为形式主语；从句不缺少含义和成分，用that引导主语从句；结合句意可知，主句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，故填It is estimated that。
74. 与来自不同文化背景的人合作有助于我们从不同视角看待世界。
________ peple frm diverse cultural backgrunds helps us view the wrld frm a different angle.
【答案】Cperating with
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“与……合作”用固定短语cperate with。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以用动名词，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Cperating with。
IV.语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空(正确形式可使用两个词或以上)。
Diajialu is a masterpiece f Chinese traditinal cnstructin. It’s said that when the first ancient pineers set ut frm nrthern and central China in the hpe f___75___ (settle) in suthern China, they came upn difficulties. In the frests f suthern China, they met with beasts, pisnus snakes and insects. They managed t settle a clny and set fires t drive away beasts.___76___, they were still trubled by snakes and insects, until ne leader,___77___ distinguished wise ld man in the cmmunity at that time, came up with an idea f putting up a building hung n wden stilts (支柱). The clny then agreed n the idea and such buildings ___78___ (cnstruct) with jint effrts did help the early settlers stay safe frm the dangers. These buildings___79___ (gain) ppularity amng several minrities since then.
Diajialu typically has tw t three flrs. The upper flrs are held up by stilts, ___80___ appearance makes the building lk unsteady. But these stilts___81___ (strengthen) by sme stne blcks at their base s as t make Diajialu still.
The grund flr is___82___ (primary) made up f stilts withut walls. This flr tends t be used___83___ a place fr keeping farm animals r putting firewd and farming____84____ (equip). The upper flrs are mainly living spaces.
【答案】75. settling
76. Hwever
77. a 78. cnstructed
79. have gained
80. whse 81. are strengthened
82. primarily
83. as 84. equipment
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了吊脚楼这一中国传统建筑的起源和构造。
【75题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：据说，当第一批古代拓荒者从中国北部和中部出发，希望在中国南部定居时，他们遇到了困难。空处应用动名词作介词f的宾语。故填settling。
【76题详解】
考查副词。句意：然而，他们仍然受到蛇和昆虫的困扰，直到一位领导人，当时社区里一位杰出的智者，想出了一个主意，搭建一栋挂在木柱上的建筑。前文“They managed t settle a clny and set fires t drive away beasts.(他们设法安置了一个殖民地，并纵火驱赶野兽。)”讲述了他们建造了殖民地并驱赶了野兽，后文“they were still trubled by snakes and insects”讲他们仍然受到蛇虫的困扰，前后之间是转折关系，且空后有逗号，所以这里应用副词hwever(然而)，修饰整个句子。故填Hwever。
【77题详解】
考查冠词。句意参考上题。根据空后的“distinguished wise ld man”可知，这里是空前的“ne leader”的同位语，泛指一位杰出的智者，且distinguished的发音以辅音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【78题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：殖民地随后同意了这一想法，通过共同努力建造的这些建筑确实帮助早期定居者远离危险。本句的谓语是did help，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语such buildings和cnstruct之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填cnstructed。
【79题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，这些建筑在少数民族中广受欢迎。根据句中的时间状语“since then”可知，这里应用现在完成时。主语buildings为复数，所以谓语应用复数形式。故填have gained。
【80题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：上层是用柱子支撑的，柱子的外观使建筑看起来不稳定。分析句子结构，空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词stilts，且stilts和appearance之间是所属关系，所以应用whse引导，whse作定语修饰appearance。故填whse。
【81题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：但柱子的底部用一些石块加固，使吊脚楼不动。根据上下文时态和句意可知，这里在讲述吊脚楼的建造原理，应用一般现在时。主语these stilts和strengthen之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且谓语应用复数。故填are strengthened。
【82题详解】
考查副词。句意：底层主要由没有墙壁的柱子组成。空处应用副词，修饰动词短语made up。primarily意为“主要地”。故填primarily。
【83题详解】
考查介词。句意：这一层往往被用作饲养家畜或放置木柴和农业设备的地方。be used as意为“被用作”，为固定搭配。故填as。
【84题详解】
考查名词。句意参考上题。空处和and前的firewd一起作putting的宾语，应用名词。equipment意为“设备”，为不可数名词。故填equipment。
V.书面表达 （共20分）
85. 假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Harry非常喜欢中国茶文化。近期你市文化中心将举办中国茶文化展（China Tea Culture Exp)。请写一封信告知Harry这一消息。
内容包括：1.时间地点；2.展览内容；3.适当的开头和结尾。
注意：写作词数应为120左右。
Dear Harry,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Harry,
I hpe this letter finds yu well. Knwing yur strng enthusiasm fr Chinese tea culture, I’m writing t share with yu the related news abut a tea culture exhibitin.
As is scheduled, the exhibitin will cmmence at the cultural center next weekend, running fr ten days, during which time all kinds f teas frm different regins f China will be n shw and the significance f tea in Chinese culture will be highlighted.
In additin, there will be talks abut the histry and traditin f tea drinking and even a tea ceremny demnstratin. I d hpe yu can take the chance t quench yur thirst fr the magnificent Chinese tea culture. Lking frward t yur early reply
Yurs sincerely,
LiHua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封信告知新西兰朋友Harry，近期市文化中心将举办中国茶文化展的有关事宜。
【详解】1.词汇积累
消息：news→infrmatin
各种各样的：all kinds f →a variety f
展览：shw→display
另外：in additin→besides
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Knwing yur strng enthusiasm fr Chinese tea culture, I’m writing t share with yu the related news abut a tea culture exhibitin.
拓展句：Because I knw yur strng enthusiasm fr Chinese tea culture, I’m writing t share with yu the related news abut a tea culture exhibitin.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knwing yur strng enthusiasm fr Chinese tea culture, I’m writing t share with yu the related news abut a tea culture exhibitin. (运用了非谓语动词现分词作状语)
【高分句型2】As is scheduled, the exhibitin will cmmence at the cultural center next weekend, running fr ten days, during which time all kinds f teas frm different regins f China will be n shw and the significance f tea in Chinese culture will be highlighted. (运用了非谓语动词现在分词作状语和介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句)cnvince... f..., cnflict with, subscribe t, be ccupied with,
take n, put emphasis n, cmmit... t..., integrate int
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