山东省临沂市2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份山东省临沂市2022-2023学年高二下学期期中考试英语试卷(含答案)，共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，首字母填空，单词拼写，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
Sunset Paddle (划桨) Trip in Jhnsnville State Histric Park
Time: 6:00 pm-8:00 pm, August 3.
Gathering place: Fllwing the blue directinal signs at the park entrance.
REGISTER FOR THE EVENT
Jin us fr a relaxing paddle trip, which will be led by park keepers as we explre the shres f Kentucky Lake. Tgether we will search histric sites assciated with the Civil War and Twn Era histry f Old Jhnsnville. As we kill time in the evening, we’ll keep a lkut fr wildlife and enjy an abslutely amazing sunset ver the Tennessee River. Anyne can jin the trip; n previus paddling experience is necessary. Park keepers leading the trip are experienced paddlers that are certified in CPR in first aid.
ADDITIONAL PROGRAM INFORMATION—RENTED CANOES (独木舟)
$20 a cane is fr nn-members and $15 a cane fr members. A maximum f 6 canes are available t rent fr this trip. Each cane is limited t 3 adults r 2 adults/2 children. Canes, paddles, and life jackets are prvided at the same time. Free life jackets and liability waivers (安全免责书) are required fr all participants.
N pets will be permitted n this trip as they may disturb wildlife we may be trying t view. The trip will be called ff in the event f severe weather and a refund can be applied fr. The decisin t call ff the trip shuld be made befre 12:00 pm n the day prir t the trip. Otherwise n refund will be issued.
NOTICE
Yu are recmmended t wear water-resistant clthes and shes, as well as a hat. Yu need t bring a water bttle. Sunscreen and bug spray will be available if needed. Check-in will begin at 5:45 pm; dn’t be late.
1．What can visitrs d during their trip?
A. Watch sme wildlife.B. Learn t perfrm CPR.
C. Have a picnic by the river.D. Visit histric sites n an ld lake.
2．Hw much will 18 adult visitrs pay at least t rent canes withut membership?
A. 75 dllars.B. 90 dllars.C. 120 dllars.D. 180 dllars.
3．What is a must fr visitrs t take the trip?
A. Signing liability waivers.B. Having paddling experience.
C. Reserving the tickets in advance.D. Bringing their water-resistant clthes.
Fr mst f us teaching seventh-grader English wuld be similar t teaching flying mnkeys t sit. Just thinking abut it, we might feel frustrated. But it was nt fr Miss Smith. Fr 40 years, she std in frnt f her classrm, tapping the blackbard where an inspiratinal qute was drawn neatly. “Open yur ntebk and write,” she wuld instruct. If a student was late, she wuld simply say, “Write abut why yu are late tday.” The cntent and style didn’t matter. It was the cnnectin f thught t paper that was the aim.
If yu write lng enugh, these thughts will turn int feelings and feelings n paper becme visible, clear enugh t examine. The anxiety f seventh-graders, the puberty (青春期) crisis and the mixture f emtins need a way ut. Miss Smith knew that. She knew her teenage students needed t develp their wn guidance systems, r they needed t deal with the frces that surrunded them.
The qutes Miss Smith carefully wrte n the chalkbard were inspiratinal, and culd encurage self-reflectin. Mst f the ntebks were filled with silly nnsense, like lking frward t pancakes fr lunch, r wrse, line after line stating that they didn’t knw what t write then. Regardless f thse, Miss Smith read every entry and in neat red handwriting, wrte ntes f encuragement and praise.
She wuld read Shakespeare and ask hw Rme must have felt abut being rejected by his friends and family. The characters in the literature gave students permissin t get emtinal grwth in a safe way, and the wrds inside thse ntebks became mre and mre persnal as time went n. Thse wh used t be prblem students and need saving later became jurnalists and fictin writers.
N ne wuld disagree that she made every student feel they are nt nly what they are nw but they are mre. That pint drve them t wrk hard and see what that “mre” was ging t be. This is the greatest charm f Miss Smith.
4．What can be learned abut Miss Smith?
A. She was easy t get frustrated with her jb.
B. She always gt students t express feelings by writing.
C. She was assigned t teach the wrst class in the schl.
D. She had taught the English writing curse fr frty years.
5．What des the underlined wrd “that” in Paragraph 2 prbably refer t?
A. The advantages f recrding life n paper.
B. The imprtance f puberty fr a child’s develpment.
C. The difficulty f understanding and guarding children’s rights.
D. The characteristics f teenage children and the cping methds.
6．What’s the feature f the sentences in mst students’ riginal ntebks?
A. They’re nearly meaningless.
B. They’re qutes frm famus peple.
C. They’re a great encuragement t students.
D. They’re inspiratinal and set peple thinking.
7．What’s the authr mainly trying t shw in Paragraph 4?
A. Miss Smith treats her students equally.
B. Miss Smith has a wide knwledge f literature.
C. Miss Smith’s teaching methds turn ut successful.
D. Miss Smith teaches students accrding t their ptential.
We humans ften say that a grwling dg is “angry” r a purring cat is “happy”. But thse terms are f little use t scientists like David Andersn wh studies the brain circuits (脑回路) invlved in emtinal behavirs.
“We have t d mre than just prject ur wn emtins nt ther animals,” he says. Yet Andersn describes research frm his lab that suggests the brain circuits underlying human emtins have a lt in cmmn with circuits fund in animals’. “What lies beneath feelings,” he says, “is brain states that prduce certain behavirs. And that’s the part f emtins we share in cmmn with animals and that scientists can study.”
Fr example, Andersn’s lab has investigated fruit flies that becme much mre active when they see a mving shadw lking like their natural enemy. “We see that the mre times we deliver the shadw the jumpier the flies becme,” he says. And the flies keep jumping lng after the shadw is gne. Andersn wuld behave much the same if he saw a snake. “I’d jump in the air,” he says. “Even fr minutes after the snake had slipped away int the bushes, my heart wuld be punding, and I’d prbably jump every time I saw a snakelike bject—even if it was a stick.”
That srt f behavir is typical f an nging brain state called defensive arusal(防御性唤醒). It’s present in bth fruit flies and peple which is why Andersn believes studying fear f an insect r a muse is meaningful as it can reveal a lt abut human emtins. “We can try t figure ut hw the brain is generating that state and what makes the animal finally calm dwn,” Andersn says. “We nw understand specific parts f the circuit that increase fear and ther parts f the circuit that decrease fear,” Andersn says. The next step, he says, is t figure ut hw t tweak that circuit t reduce the fear respnse f peple with certain diseases like PTSD.
8．What des Andersn think abut peple’s cmmn descriptin f animals emtins?
A. It is limited by peple’s knwledge f brain functins.
B. It is t subjective t be regarded as scientific evidence.
C. It is actually sme misunderstanding f animals behavir.
D. It is meaningless t the study f animals’ emtinal behavir.
9．Why are the examples mentined in Paragraph 3?
A. T prve the effect f natural enemies n flies’ behavir.
B. T shw similarities between human and animal emtins.
C. T mentin the great influence f Andersn’s bad experience.
D. T stress the effects f negative emtins n peple and animals
10．What des the underlined wrd “tweak” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Replace.B. Predict.C. Adjust.D. Observe.
11．What will the further research mainly fcus n?
A. Lking beynd human feelings.
B. Figuring ut mre human brain states.
C. Finding a cure fr certain mental diseases.
D. Changing traditinal ways f treating animals.
A well-intentined slutin is ften ffered t climate-cnscius cnsumers: t replace beef n ur plates with chicken. While n paper this brings dwn an individual’s dietary carbn ftprint, in practice this wuld mean that billins mre animals will be killed each year. Meanwhile, even mre factry farms cntinue t harm the climate and us humans in the prcess. Much can be debated abut the best way t deal with climate change but ne f its surces is undubtedly true: the way we prduce fd—specifically meat—spells disaster fr ur planet.
It’s true that fr every gram f prtein, cnventinal beef has almst 10 times the carbn ftprint f chicken. Beef uses 23 times as much farmland and 3 times as much water. But the cnsumptin shift frm beef t chicken is cntributing t a crisis f anther kind. Apprximately 134 chickens must be killed t prduce ne cw’s wrth f meat, which is extremely cruel and envirnmentally unfriendly, causing dead znes and having damaging chain effects n the cmmunities living near these facilities whse health, water supply, and quality f life are affected by this pllutin.
The mst influential dietary change we can make t reduce ur individual influence n animals and the envirnment is actually t shift frm cnventinally prduced, factry-farmed animal prducts t pasture -based (基于牧场的) meat, eggs r dairy prducts and plant-based prtein surces. It’s nt all-r-nthing. The average American culd cut their diet-related envirnmental influences by nearly half just by eating less meat and fewer eggs and dairy prducts. Gradually, individual changes can add up t a big difference t bth animals and the envirnment, but the respnsibility shuldn’t fall n individuals alne. We urgently need ur gvernment t stp enfrcing this disastrus system and redirect supprt t mre humane, sustainable fd and prductin methds.
T spare animals frm suffering, slw dwn climate change and safeguard ur fd system, we need t take factry farming ff the table. It’s time t stp leaping frm the frying pan t the fire and rethink ur fd system.
12．What can we knw abut the “well-intentined slutin”?
A. It is actually a recipe fr disaster.
B. It wrks well in reducing the carbn ftprint.
C. It means a change in ur way f raising animals.
D. It was put frward by climate-cnscius cnsumers.
13．Hw des the authr argue his pint in Paragraph 2?
A. By ding surveys.B. By giving examples.
C. By referring t papers.D. By using persuasive data.
14．What des the third paragraph mainly talk abut?
A. The effrt the gvernment has put int the fd system.
B. Influences peple’s eating habit has n the envirnment.
C. The changes individuals and the gvernment shuld make.
D. Measures the gvernment can take t limit human activities.
15．What des the authr want t stress in the text?
A. It’s necessary t say n t factry farming.
B. It’s time t replace beef n ur plates with chicken.
C. We need t take animal-based prducts ff ur table.
D. Turning frm factry farming t pasture farming takes time.
二、七选五
16． N ne’s perfect. Here, Kamran explains why he believes perfectin isn’t a realistic gal.
Yu are chasing a myth. ①_____ S it’s exhausting keeping up with the idea, in yur head, f what perfectin is. Yu’ll be cnstantly updating yur cncept f it frm ne day t the next. This can lead t yu being verly self-critical. Instead f feeling happy with what yu’ve achieved, yu feel dissatisfied.
②_____ A cnstant reach fr perfectin can be very distracting frm the present mment. When yu get t a certain place that yu’ve wrked twards, instead f nticing it, embracing it and enjying it, yu switch t wanting mre. This leads yu int a trap f cnstantly re-evaluating areas f yur life. Life can actually be very gd in the present mment, like when yu’re appreciating friends and family and celebrating the little wins. ③_____
④_____ Withut realizing, yu can end up finding and picking ut imperfectins in thers and becming an verly critical persn wh expects t much. Yu might find peple want t distance themselves frm yu, r yu may find challenges arising mre frequently in yur persnal relatinships.
Yur mental health can suffer. Nt nly might yu feel anxius that yu’ re nt where yu want t be in life, yu may feel emtinally lw as a result f desiring perfectin and cnstantly critiquing aspects f yur life. ⑤_____ They are mentally, emtinally and physically draining and can leave yu feeling burnt ut r even depressed.
A. Yu’ll nt abandn it.
B. Perfectin desn’t exist.
C. Yu might judge thers unfairly.
D. Yu wn’t enjy the small things.
E. This can cause feelings f being defeated.
F. Exercise can help remve the bad feelings.
G. All these can g unnticed if yu’re fcused n future-based thinking.
三、完形填空（15空）
In 2005, a sheepherder (牧羊人), Sanu Sherpa, in a remte village f Nepal’s eastern muntain regin came t Kathmandu.
Sanu Sherpa had 1 f making a gd life here. At the same time, he als had a 2 f becming a climbing guide, a well-paid and respected 3 . He initially wrked as a prter. In 2006 Sanu became a muntaineer after 4 climbing Ch Oyu in his first 5 . After 16 years, Sanu has set a new wrld recrd in muntaineering histry.
The 47-year-ld Sherpa has becme the first climber in the wrld t 6 the planet’s 14 highest muntains, nt nce, but twice—a feat that n ther climber has 7 .
Sanu’s jurney has its wn 8 . He has t face a(n) 9 fact that ver the years, many Sherpas have died while 10 freign climbers up t the peaks. Hwever, vercming difficulties t stand n peaks gives him a great sense f excitement.
“A climbing Sherpa is a her. That really 11 me,” said Sanu. “Climbing all 14 peaks abve 8000 metres was 12 nt in my mind. But after reaching fur peaks in 2021, I started thinking, ‘Why nt ther peaks’?” He then carried ut the plan 13 .
“I didn’t think I culd stand n peaks again and again when I was a prter. S fr peple wh admire thers and feel 14 abut themselves just 15 yur wrries and get started.”
17．A. dreamtB. apprvedC. heardD. spken
18．A. galB. taskC. rightD. chance
19．A. titleB. jbC. fieldD. hnur
20．A. hurriedlyB. anxiuslyC. successfullyD. cautiusly
21．A. stageB. attemptC. sectinD. cntest
22．A. appreciateB. discverC. bserveD. challenge
23．A. achievedB. rememberedC. imaginedD. predicted
24．A. advantagesB. apprachesC. limitatinsD. adventures
25．A. depressingB. arguableC. interestingD. impressive
26．A. persuadingB. guidingC. invitingD. pushing
27．A. changesB. imprvesC. surprisesD. attracts
28．A. cnstantlyB. riginallyC. ccasinallyD. finally
29．A. dubtfullyB. reliablyC. firmlyD. faithfully
30．A. disappintedB. regretfulC. impatientD. uncnfident
31．A. expressB. remveC. shareD. cntrl
四、短文填空
32． Sme f the wrld’s leading vaccine makers are develping bird flu shts t prepare ①_____ pssible utbreaks f the sickness in humans.
Bird flu, r avian (鸟类的) flu, is ②_____(fficial) knwn as H5N1. The virus usually ③_____(spread) amng different kinds f pultry (家禽). Human infectins remain very rare. But mst human cases have been linked t direct cntact with ④_____(infect) birds.
Nw, several large vaccine develpers ⑤_____(wrk) n bird flu vaccines t get ready fr the pssibility that the virus culd ne day jump t humans.
One current utbreak invlves an avian flu versin ⑥_____ has already killed recrd numbers f birds and sme ther affected animals. In additin, there has been ⑦_____ push amng cmpanies t develp a vaccine t be given directly t pultry. Such a market culd be much ⑧_____(large) than the ne fr humans. Vaccine ⑨_____(prfessinal) tld Reuters that hundreds f millins f bird flu shts culd be manufactured within mnths if a new variant (变种) f the virus starts spreading amng humans.
An internatinal agreement ⑩_____(cver) pandemic flu sets aside 10 percent f wrldwide supply fr the Wrld Health Organizatin t share with lw-and middle-incme cuntries.
五、首字母填空
33．The sun e__________ frm behind the cluds and the muntain was bathed in glden light. (根据首字母单词拼写)
34．The cntest is pen t bth a__________ and prfessinal participants. (根据首字母单词拼写)
六、单词拼写
35．She burst int tears, r__________(发泄，释放) all her srrwful emtins.(根据中英文提示填空)
36．A shared bike is left a__________(舍弃的) at a bus stp. (根据中英文提示填空)
37．The museum hsts six p__________(永久的) galleries, ensuring that there is smething fr every visit. (根据中英文提示填空)
七、书面表达
38．假定你是校学生会主席，你们市下周日将要举行王羲之书法艺术展，请你向校英文报写一则书面通知，号召大家观看展览，内容包括：
1.王羲之及其代表作；
2.展出时间地点和内容；
3.参展注意事项。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
参考词汇：书法家calligrapher 书法calligraphy 《兰亭集序》Preface t Lanting Pavilin Cllectin
Ntice
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Unin
八、读后续写
39．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was a shy 13-year-ld by that year afraid t speak befre peple and pr at cmmunicating with thers. My parents were wrried s they intrduced a part-time jb in a restaurant tme during the summer vacatin, hping it wuld make a difference t me. Althugh I hated it and didn’t believe it wuld bring any change t me, I had t accept it. The part-time jb fell n Mnday f each week.
On the first Mnday, I simply dared nt lk at peple in the restaurant. And when I was speaking with them, my face turned red and my vice was lw. On my way back hme, I felt s bad. But when I reached hme, my bad feelings disappeared. I fund my parents had brught hme a pet cat, which I had expected t get fr a lng perid f time. The cat was s lvely.
Hwever, ne Thursday, he secretly ran ut and disappeared. We lked fr him everywhere the whle day but fund nthing. We lived in the city, clse t a high-traffic rad, and this cat didn’t have “street smarts”. I guessed he wuld prbably die and wuldn’t be hme again. And after three days f lking fr the cat with n sign f him, I quite believed he wuldn’t be hme again. My parents tld me “A miracle (奇迹) may happen as lng as yu dn’t give up.” Hwever, I quite dubted it.
On the mrning f the fllwing Mnday, I left fr wrk 45 minutes earlier and started walking t the bus stp a blck away. While waiting fr the bus there, I thught abut the wrk and felt upset. It wuldn’t be helpful t me and it was tiring! Hw much I wanted t quit the jb! And thinking f the cat, I felt even wrse.
Since it was still early, I suddenly wanted t spare sme time t lk fr the cat again thugh I had little hpe. I tld myself, “If I still fail t find him this time, I wn’t lk fr him again.” Then, I decided t walk t the next bus stp t lk fr him arund. Minutes later, suddenly, a dirty and weak cat sitting by a tree caught my eye.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
My eyes widened, and I was surprised t find it was just ur cat.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Encuraged, I rushed t the bus stp and decided nt t give up the part-time jb.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据REGISTER FOR THE EVENT部分中的关键句“As we kill time in the evening, we’ll keep a lkut fr wildlife and enjy an abslutely amazing sunset ver the Tennessee River.”(当我们在晚上消磨时间时，我们可以观赏野生动物，欣赏田纳西河上绝对令人惊叹的日落。)可知，旅途中，我们可以观赏野生动物，由此可知，游客在旅途中可以观赏一些野生动物。故选A项。
2．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据ADDITIONAL PROGRAM INFORMATION—RENTED CANOES (独木舟)下第一段关键句“$20 a cane is fr nn-members and $15 a cane fr members. A maximum f 6 canes are available t rent fr this trip. Each cane is limited t 3 adults r 2 adults/2 children.”(非会员20美元一艘，会员15美元一艘。此次旅行最多可租用6艘独木舟。每艘独木舟限3名成人或2名成人/2名儿童乘坐。)可知，每艘独木舟限3名成人乘坐，18名成年游客需要租6艘，非会员20美元一艘，经过简单计算可知，18名成年游客在没有会员资格的情况下租用独木舟至少要支付120美元。故选C项。
3．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据ADDITIONAL PROGRAM INFORMATION—RENTED CANOES (独木舟)下第一段关键句“Free life jackets and liability waivers (安全免责书) are required fr all participants.”(所有参与者都需要免费救生衣和安全免责书。)可知，参加的人必须有安全免责书，由此可知，游客必须签署安全免责书才能参加旅行。故选A项。
4．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Open yur ntebk and write,” she wuld instruct. If a student was late, she wuld simply say, “Write abut why yu are late tday.” The cntent and style didn’t matter. It was the cnnectin f thught t paper that was the aim.(“打开你的笔记本写字，”她会指示道。如果一个学生迟到了，她会简单地说：“写下你今天为什么迟到。”内容和风格无关紧要。我们的目的是将思想与纸联系起来。)可知，史密斯老师让学生们将思想与纸联系起来，通过写作来表达自己的感受，例如她会让学生写下为什么迟到，由此可知，史密斯老师总是让学生通过写作来表达自己的感受。故选B项。
5．答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“The anxiety f seventh-graders, the puberty (青春期) crisis and the mixture f emtins need a way ut.”(七年级学生的焦虑、青春期危机和情绪的混合需要一条出路。)可知，七年级学生面临着各种青春期危机，需要一个解决办法，由此可知，史密斯老师知道解决办法是什么，她知道青少年儿童的特点和应对方法，“that”代指的是“青少年儿童的特点和应对方法”。故选D项。
6．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Mst f the ntebks were filled with silly nnsense, like lking frward t pancakes fr lunch, r wrse, line after line stating that they didn’t knw what t write then.”(大多数笔记本上都写满了愚蠢的废话，比如期待午餐吃煎饼，或者更糟的是，一行接一行地说他们当时不知道该写什么。)可知，起初大多数笔记本上都写满了愚蠢的废话，由此可知，大多数学生原来笔记本上的句子的特点是几乎毫无意义。故选A项。
7．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段关键句“The characters in the literature gave students permissin t get emtinal grwth in a safe way, and the wrds inside thse ntebks became mre and mre persnal as time went n. Thse wh used t be prblem students and need saving later became jurnalists and fictin writers.”(文学作品中的人物允许学生以安全的方式获得情感成长，随着时间的推移，笔记本里的文字变得越来越个人化。那些曾经是问题学生、需要拯救的人后来成为了记者和小说作家。)可知，在史密斯老师的教导下，那些曾经是问题学生、需要拯救的人后来成为了记者和小说作家，由此可知，史密斯老师的教学方法很成功。故选C项。
8．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段But thse terms are f little use t scientists like David Andersn wh studies the brain circuits (脑回路) invlved in emtinal behavirs.(但这些术语对于像大卫·安德森这样研究与情绪行为有关的大脑回路的科学家来说用处不大)以及第二段“We have t d mre than just prject ur wn emtins nt ther animals,” he says.(“我们要做的不仅仅是把自己的情绪投射到其他动物身上，”他说。)可知，安德森认为人们对动物情感的常见描述对动物情感行为的研究太主观了，不能被视为科学证据。故选B。
9．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段Fr example, Andersn’s lab has investigated fruit flies that becme much mre active when they see a mving shadw lking like their natural enemy. “We see that the mre times we deliver the shadw the jumpier the flies becme,” he says. And the flies keep jumping lng after the shadw is gne. Andersn wuld behave much the same if he saw a snake. “I’d jump in the air,” he says. “Even fr minutes after the snake had slipped away int the bushes, my heart wuld be punding, and I’d prbably jump every time I saw a snakelike bject—even if it was a stick.”(例如，安德森的实验室研究了果蝇，当它们看到一个看起来像天敌的移动阴影时，它们会变得更加活跃。他说：“我们发现，投射阴影的次数越多，苍蝇就越跳。”影子消失后，苍蝇还在不停地跳。如果安德森看到一条蛇，他也会做出同样的举动。“我会跳到空中，”他说。“甚至在蛇溜进灌木丛几分钟后，我的心就会砰砰直跳，每次看到像蛇一样的东西，我可能都会跳起来—即使它是一根棍子。”)可推知，第3段提到例子是为了显示人类和动物情感的相似之处。故选B。
10．答案：C
解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词后文 “that circuit t reduce the fear respnse f peple with certain diseases like PTSD”可知，要减少患有某些疾病(如创伤后应激障碍)的人的恐惧反应，需要调整这些回路。故画线词意思是“调整”。故选C。
11．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“We nw understand specific parts f the circuit that increase fear and ther parts f the circuit that decrease fear,” Andersn says. The next step, he says, is t figure ut hw t tweak that circuit t reduce the fear respnse f peple with certain diseases like PTSD.(安德森说：“我们现在了解了神经回路中增加恐惧的特定部分，以及减少恐惧的其他部分。”他说，下一步是弄清楚如何调整这个回路，以减少患有某些疾病(如创伤后应激障碍)的人的恐惧反应)可推知，下一步的研究重点是了解更多的人类大脑状态。故选B。
12．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“A well-intentined slutin is ften ffered t climate-cnscius cnsumers: t replace beef n ur plates with chicken. While n paper this brings dwn an individual’s dietary carbn ftprint, in practice this wuld mean that billins mre animals will be killed each year. Meanwhile, even mre factry farms cntinue t harm the climate and us humans in the prcess.(一个善意的解决方案经常被提供给有气候意识的消费者:用鸡肉代替我们盘子里的牛肉。虽然从理论上讲，这减少了个人饮食中的碳足迹，但实际上这意味着每年将有数十亿多的动物被杀死。与此同时，更多的工厂化农场在这个过程中继续危害气候和我们人类。)”可知，善意的解决方案实际上是一种灾难。故选A。
13．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“It’s true that fr every gram f prtein, cnventinal beef has almst 10 times the carbn ftprint f chicken. Beef uses 23 times as much farmland and 3 times as much water. But the cnsumptin shift frm beef t chicken is cntributing t a crisis f anther kind. Apprximately 134 chickens must be killed t prduce ne cw’s wrth f meat, which is extremely cruel and envirnmentally unfriendly, causing dead znes and having damaging chain effects n the cmmunities living near these facilities whse health, water supply, and quality f life are affected by this pllutin.(的确，每克蛋白质，传统牛肉的碳足迹几乎是鸡肉的10倍。牛肉消耗了23倍的农田和3倍的水。但从牛肉到鸡肉的消费转变正在造成另一种危机。生产相当于一头牛的肉必须杀死大约134只鸡，这是极其残忍和对环境不利的，造成了死亡地带，并对生活在这些设施附近的社区产生了破坏性的连锁效应，这些社区的健康、供水和生活质量都受到这种污染的影响)”可推知，作者在第二段中通过使用有说服力的数据论证他的观点。故选D。
14．答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段“The mst influential dietary change we can make t reduce ur individual influence n animals and the envirnment is actually t shift frm cnventinally prduced, factry-farmed animal prducts t pasture -based (基于牧场的) meat, eggs r dairy prducts and plant-based prtein surces. It’s nt all-r-nthing. The average American culd cut their diet-related envirnmental influences by nearly half just by eating less meat and fewer eggs and dairy prducts. Gradually, individual changes can add up t a big difference t bth animals and the envirnment, but the respnsibility shuldn’t fall n individuals alne. We urgently need ur gvernment t stp enfrcing this disastrus system and redirect supprt t mre humane, sustainable fd and prductin methds.(为了减少我们个人对动物和环境的影响，我们所能做的最有影响力的饮食改变实际上是从传统生产的、工厂养殖的动物产品转向以牧场为基础的肉、蛋或乳制品和以植物为基础的蛋白质来源。这不是全有或全无的问题。普通美国人只要少吃肉、少吃鸡蛋和奶制品，就能将饮食对环境的影响减少近一半。渐渐地，个人的改变会对动物和环境产生巨大的影响，但责任不应该只落在个人身上。我们迫切需要我们的政府停止执行这个灾难性的系统，并将支持转向更人道、更可持续的食品和生产方法)”可知，第三段主要讲了个人和政府应该做出的改变。故选C。
15．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“T spare animals frm suffering, slw dwn climate change and safeguard ur fd system, we need t take factry farming ff the table.(为了让动物免受痛苦，减缓气候变化，保护我们的粮食系统，我们需要停止工厂化养殖)”可推知，作者想在文中强调有必要对工厂化养殖说不。故选A。
16．答案：BDGCE
解析：①根据前文“Yu are chasing a myth.(你在追逐一个神话)”以及后文“S it’s exhausting keeping up with the idea, in yur head, f what perfectin is.(所以，在你的头脑中不断思考什么是完美是很累人的)”可知此处在讲述完美像神话一样，应该是不存在的，所以B项“Perfectin desn’t exist.(完美是不存在的)”符合文意，且和后文构成因果关系。故选B项。
②分析设空，空处位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“A cnstant reach fr perfectin can be very distracting frm the present mment. When yu get t a certain place that yu’ve wrked twards, instead f nticing it, embracing it and enjying it, yu switch t wanting mre. This leads yu int a trap f cnstantly re-evaluating areas f yur life. (断追求完美会分散你对当下的注意力。当你到达一个你已经努力过的地方，而不是注意到它，拥抱它，享受它，你转而想要更多。这会让你陷入一个不断重新评估生活方方面面的陷阱。)”可知，本段是在讲述追求完美时会让你忽略生活中的美好，所以D项“Yu wn’t enjy the small things.(你不会享受小事)”符合文意。故选D项。
③分析设空，空处位于段尾，应是本段的总结句，根据前文“Life can actually be very gd in the present mment, like when yu’re appreciating friends and family and celebrating the little wins.(当下的生活其实是很美好的，就像你感激朋友和家人，庆祝小小的胜利)”所以G项“All these can g unnticed if yu’re fcused n future-based thinking.(如果你专注于基于未来的思考，所有这些都可能被忽视)”是对前文的总结，符合文意。故选G项。
④分析设空，空处位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Withut realizing, yu can end up finding and picking ut imperfectins in thers and becming an verly critical persn wh expects t much. Yu might find peple want t distance themselves frm yu, r yu may find challenges arising mre frequently in yur persnal relatinships.(在没有意识到的情况下，你可能会发现并挑出别人的缺点，成为一个过于挑剔、期望过高的人。你可能会发现人们想要与你保持距离，或者你可能会发现人际关系中出现的挑战越来越频繁)”可知，本段主要讲述了，追求完美的人，会过度的苛责他人，所以C项“Yu might judge thers unfairly.(你可能会不公正地评判别人)”是本段主题，符合文意。故选C项。
⑤根据前文“Yur mental health can suffer. Nt nly might yu feel anxius that yu’re nt where yu want t be in life, yu may feel emtinally lw as a result f desiring perfectin and cnstantly critiquing aspects f yur life.(你的精神健康会受到影响。你不仅会因为没有达到你想要的生活而感到焦虑，还会因为渴望完美和不断批评生活的方方面面而感到情绪低落)”以及后文“They are mentally, emtinally and physically draining and can leave yu feeling burnt ut r even depressed.(它们会让你在精神上、情感上和身体上精疲力竭，甚至感到沮丧)”可知，此处是在讲述过于追求完美，会造成你精神上的伤害，所以E项“This can cause feelings f being defeated.(这会导致挫败感)”符合文意，下文“They”代指选项中的“feelings f being defeated”。故选E项。
17．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：萨努·夏尔巴曾梦想在这里过上好日子。A. dreamt梦想；B. apprved赞成；C. heard听见；D. spken说。根据后文“f making a gd life here”以及下文提到了他当向导的目标，可知，萨努·夏尔巴曾梦想在这里过上好日子。dream f表示“梦想……”。故选A。
18．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，他还有一个目标—成为一名登山向导，一份薪水高、受人尊敬的工作。A. gal目标；B. task任务；C. right权利；D. chance机会。根据后文“f becming a climbing guide”可知，成为登山导向是他的一个目标。故选A。
19．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，他还有一个目标—成为一名登山向导，一份薪水高、受人尊敬的工作。A. title标题；B. jb工作；C. field领域；D. hnur荣誉。根据上文“becming a climbing guide”可知登山向导是一份工作。故选B。
20．答案：C
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：2006年，萨努第一次成功攀登了Ch Oyu山，成为了一名登山者。A. hurriedly匆忙地；B. anxiusly焦虑地；C. successfully成功地；D. cautiusly谨慎地。根据上文“In 2006 Sanu became a muntaineer”可知，萨努成为了一名登山者说明成功攀登了Ch Oyu山，故选C。
21．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：2006年，萨努第一次成功攀登了Ch Oyu山，成为了一名登山者。A. stage阶段；B. attempt尝试；C. sectin部分；D. cntest比赛。根据上文“He initially wrked as a prter.(他最初是做搬运工的)”可知，他最初是做搬运工的，说明这是第一次尝试登山。故选B。
22．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位47岁的夏尔巴人已经成为世界上第一个挑战地球上14座最高山峰的登山者，不是一次，而是两次—这是其他登山者没有做到的壮举。A. appreciate感激；B. discver发现；C. bserve观察；D. challenge挑战。根据后文“the planet’s 14 highest muntains”指挑战地球上14座最高山峰。故选D。
23．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位47岁的夏尔巴人已经成为世界上第一个挑战地球上14座最高山峰的登山者，不是一次，而是两次—这是其他登山者没有做到的壮举。A. achieved实现；B. remembered记得；C. imagined想象；D. predicted预测。根据上文“a feat that n ther climber has”中feat表示壮举，故这里指其他登山者没有实现的壮举。故选A。
24．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨努的旅程本身也有冒险。A. advantages优势；B. appraches方法；C. limitatins限制；D. adventures冒险。根据后文“He has t face a(n) 9 fact that ver the years, many Sherpas have died while 10 freign climbers up t the peaks.(他不得不面对一个令人沮丧的事实：多年来，许多夏尔巴人在引导外国登山者攀登山峰的过程中丧生。)”可知，萨努的旅程是充满冒险的。故选D。
25．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他不得不面对一个令人沮丧的事实：多年来，许多夏尔巴人在引导外国登山者攀登山峰的过程中丧生。A. depressing令人沮丧的；B. arguable可争辩的；C. interesting有趣的；D. impressive印象深刻的。根据后文“many Sherpas have died”可知，令人沮丧的事实是许多夏尔巴人在引导外国登山者攀登山峰的过程中丧生。故选A。
26．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他不得不面对一个令人沮丧的事实：多年来，许多夏尔巴人在引导外国登山者攀登山峰的过程中丧生。A. persuading说服；B. guiding给……导游；C. inviting邀请；D. pushing推。根据前文“becming a climbing guide”和后文“freign climbers up t the peaks”，可知，此处指给外国登山者做向导，登山。故选B。
27．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：这真的改变了我。A. changes改变；B. imprves提高；C. surprises惊喜；D. attracts吸引。根据上文“A climbing Sherpa is a her.(登山的夏尔巴人是英雄)”结合后文他继续登山，可知“登山的夏尔巴人是英雄”这一观点改变了他。故选A。
28．答案：B
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：攀登所有14座海拔8000米以上的山峰，我最初并没有想到。A. cnstantly持续地；B. riginally起初；C. ccasinally偶尔；D. finally最后。根据后文“But after reaching fur peaks in 2021, I started thinking”可知，他最初没有想攀登所有14座海拔8000米以上的山峰，是后面才决定的。故选B。
29．答案：C
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后他坚定地执行了这个计划。A. dubtfully怀疑地；B. reliably可靠地；C. firmly坚定地；D. faithfully忠实地。根据上文“Why nt ther peaks?”可知，萨努决心攀登所有14座海拔8000米以上的山峰，也坚定地执行了这个计划。故选C。
30．答案：D
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以，对于那些钦佩他人、对自己感到不自信的人来说，消除你的担忧，开始行动吧。A. disappinted失望地；B. regretful后悔的；C. impatient不耐烦的；D. uncnfident不自信的。根据上文“wh admire thers ”可知，这些人钦佩他人、对自己感到不自信。故选D。
31．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，对于那些钦佩他人、对自己感到不自信的人来说，消除你的担忧，开始行动吧。A. express表达；B. remve消除；C. share分享；D. cntrl控制。根据后文“get started”可知，萨努鼓励那些不自信的人，摆脱担忧，开始行动。故选B。
32．答案：①fr②fficially③spreads④infected⑤are wrking⑥that/which⑦a⑧larger⑨prfessinals⑩cvering
解析：①考查介词。句意：世界上一些领先的疫苗制造商正在开发禽流感疫苗，为可能在人类中爆发禽流感做好准备。分析句子结构，prepare fr为固定短语，含义为：为……做准备，与句子表达的含义一致，故填fr。
②考查副词。句意：禽流感，正式名称为H5N1。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用副词，故填fficially。
③考查时态。句意：这种病毒通常在不同种类的家禽之间传播。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时，故填spreads。
④考查形容词。句意：但大多数人类病例都与直接接触受感染的鸟类有关。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作定语，且名词birds做空白处的逻辑宾语，应使用V-ed形式的形容词，故填infected。
⑤考查时态。句意：现在，几家大型疫苗开发商正在研制禽流感疫苗，为有朝一日病毒可能传播给人类做好准备。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语nw以及句意可知句子表达的是正在发生的动作，谓语动词使用现在进行时，故填are wrking。
⑥考查定语从句。句意：目前爆发的一次禽流感已经导致创纪录数量的鸟类和其他一些受影响的动物死亡。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为an avian flu versin，因先行词在定语从句中做主语指物，使用that或which引导定语从句，故填that/which。
⑦考查冠词。句意：此外，各家公司也在推动开发一种直接用于家禽的疫苗。根据冠词的用法，名词前需使用不定冠词，表示“一种”含义，故填a。
⑧考查形容词的比较级。句意：这样的市场可能比人类的市场要大得多。根据上文“Such a market(这样的市场)”以及下文“the ne fr humans(人类的市场)”可知此处要对两个市场进行比较，要使用形容词的比较级，故填larger。
⑨考查名词。句意：疫苗专业人士告诉路透社，如果出现新变种在人类中传播，数月内可能生产出数亿支禽流感疫苗。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做主语，使用名词，因句子表达的是一个不确定的概念，空白处应填名词的复数形式，故填prfessinals。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意：一项涵盖大流行性流感的国际协议留出了全球供应量的10%，供世界卫生组织与中低收入国家分享。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做定语，使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语An internatinal agreement之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填cvering。
33．答案：emerged/merged
解析：考查动词和时态。句意：太阳从云层后面升起，山沐浴在金色光线中。根据单词首字母以及句意“升起”可知，空格处涉及单词“emerge”，意为“出现”，动词词性，根据句中“was bathed”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，空格处应用“emerge”的过去式“emerged”。故填emerged。
34．答案：amateur/mateur
解析：考查形容词。句意：比赛对业余选手和职业选手都开放。根据句意及首字母提示可知，amateur“业余爱好的”，形容词，在句中和形容词prfessinal并列作定语，修饰名词participants，故填amateur。
35．答案：releasing/eleasing
解析：考查动词。句意：她突然哭了起来，释放了所有的悲伤情绪。根据单词首字母以及汉语提示可知为动词release，此处应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语she构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填releasing。
36．答案：abandned/bandned
解析：考查形容词。句意：一辆共享单车被遗弃在公交站。根据中英文提示可知，abandned“被舍弃的，被遗弃的”，形容词，在句中作主语补足语，故填abandned。
37．答案：permanent/ermanent
解析：考查形容词。句意：博物馆设有六个常设展厅，确保每次参观都能有所收获。根据所给汉语“永久的”和首字母可知，形容词permanent符合句意，在句中作定语。故填permanent。
38．答案：
Ntice
I am glad t infrm yu that an art exhibitin f Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy will be held in ur city next Sunday.
Wang Xizhi was a famus calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and ne f the greatest calligraphers in Chinese histry. His mst famus wrk is the Preface t Lanting Pavilin Cllectin. It will be n display.
The exhibitin will be held at the city Museum and will start at 8 a.m. next Saturday. In additin t the Preface t Lanting Pavilin Cllectin, ther calligraphy wrks f Wang Xizhi are als n display.
Please nte that n fd r drink is allwed in the exhibitin hall. Be quiet during enjying the wrks.
The Students’ Unin
解析：本文是应用写作。要求考生就下周日将要举行的王羲之书法艺术展写一则书面通知，号召大家观看展览。
1. 词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
作品：wrk→creatin
开始：start→begin
展示：n display→n shw
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Wang Xizhi was a famus calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and ne f the greatest calligraphers in Chinese histry.
拓展句：Wang Xizhi was a famus calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, wh is ne f the greatest calligraphers in Chinese histry.
[高分句型1] I am glad t infrm yu that an art exhibitin f Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy will be held in ur city next Sunday.(that引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Please nte that n fd r drink is allwed in the exhibitin hall.(that引导的宾语从句)
39．答案：
My eyes widened, and I was surprised t find it was just ur cat. Excited, I walked right up t him. While I carried him in my arms, he pushed his dirty face int mine. I wept with jy because I had fund my cat. I turned arund and tk him t rush hme. Seeing me carrying ur cat, my mther was surprised. When I shwed him t her, she said, “Just as I tld yu, a miracle may happen as lng as yu dn’t give up.” This time, I ndded and smiled.
Encuraged, I rushed t the bus stp and decided nt t give up the part-time jb. “Maybe it’ll indeed change me if I stick t it.” I tld myself while heading twards the restaurant. Still feeling a little tired and afraid while I was wrking that day, I was better than befre. And I cntinued ding the jb. Eventually, I miraculusly fund I dared t lk directly at the custmers and cmmunicate with them with a cnfident smile. My parents were happy abut my changes. When my jb ended that summer, I wrte a sentence in my jurnal: “Dn’t give up befre a miracle happens.”
解析：本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者13岁时很害羞，不敢在人前说话，也不善于与人交流。父母很担心，所以他们在暑假给作者介绍了一份餐馆的兼职工作，希望能有所帮助。作者一开始很羞涩，但是因为一只猫作者坚持了下来。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我睁大了眼睛，惊讶地发现那只是我们家的猫”可知，第一段可描写作者发现了那只猫。
②由第二段首句内容“我受到了鼓舞，冲到公交车站，决定不放弃这份兼职工作”可知，第二段可描写作者坚持完成了工作。
2.续写线索：发现猫—带回家—惊讶—不放弃—完成兼职—感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
抱着：carry/hug
结束：end/be ver
坚持：stick t / persist in
情绪类
惊讶：surprised /astnished
快乐：jy /happiness
[高分句型1] When I shwed him t her, she said, “Just as I tld yu, a miracle may happen as lng as yu dn’t give up.”(运用了when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] “Maybe it’ll indeed change me if I stick t it.”(运用了if引导条件状语从句)