专题2.03 虚拟语气与续写-2024年新高考英语读后续写提分技能

这是一份专题2.03 虚拟语气与续写-2024年新高考英语读后续写提分技能，共10页。试卷主要包含了03 虚拟语气与续写，词汇激活等内容，欢迎下载使用。
背景回顾
1
人类具有现实思维和虚拟思维的认知能力，这些认知能力通过语言表达式反映出来，而时和体是反映思维的语言形式之一。换言之，时和体的多义性是表达现实思维和虚拟思维的需要，而思维在现实和虚拟之间的转换又是凸显不同主观性的需要。例如，叙事作品中用现在时描述假想的、虚幻的事件，思维发生在想象的空间，与思维时间发生分离，动词失去时态功能，即任何读者在任意时间阅读，阅读时间和作品中的事件时间没有任何关系。这里现在时的虚拟性优势在于，可以使任何读者在任意时间阅读时都可以产生“身临其境”的效果。
虚拟语气是英语中常用的表达方式，以其表达的委婉性和语用功能的丰富性在交际活动中发挥了非常重要的作用。恰当地使用它，可以起到较好的修辞效果。无论语法著作还是英语教学都应将其语用功能放在重要的位置，英语学习者在学习时也必须重视其语用功能的学习和掌握。现代社会人们追求自我，越来越重视个人隐私和权利，也会尊重别人的隐私和权利。虚拟语气是通过语法手段来表达出对别人的尊敬或尽量使自己的语气委婉、客气的效果。人们使用虚拟语气，多数情况是因为表达者的语用目的，而不是简单表达一个相反的事实。说话者一般都是借助这个“虚拟情况”委婉表达一个言外之意，达到一个特定的交流目的，在很大程度上避免出现尴尬处境。例如：
If I had enugh mney, I wuld help yu. (如果我有足够的钱，我就会帮助你。)
这句话的真正含义是 I will nt help yu. 通过使用 If 条件句，help的行为便成了一种假设的虚拟行为。听话者从该条件可以自己推断出这样的结论：我可能不帮你。说话者采取的这种积极态度，尽管隐含了一种拒绝帮助的意义，但听话者在心理上更容易接受。由此我们可以看出，虚拟语气能够表达其他任何语气所无法取代的丰富的感情色彩。在英语教学中，教师不能只给学生讲解和罗列哪些句型需要使用虚拟语气，而应该结合不同的语法表达形式分析其语用特点。特别是在阅读与写作中，英语学习者在学习过程中除了要很好地理解和掌握他的语法形式以外，更要了解它丰富灵活的语用功能。只有这样，才能体会虚拟语气所隐含的感情，也才能使用虚拟语气表达自己丰富多彩的内心世界。
虚拟语气的形式多种多样，在写作特别是读后续写所提供的语境中，虚拟语气能够表达其他任何语气所无法取代的丰富的感情色彩，学生可以根据人物不同的心理需求，在不同的语境中恰当地运用虚拟语气可以更好地表达出不同的感情色彩，发挥其缩小心理文化差异的语用功能。心理文化差异的大小直接决定交流双方对语言的理解意愿和交流方式，学习虚拟语气不仅要掌握其基本的语法形式，还要理解其强大的语用功能。因此，在读后续写学习中，学生要注意分析、体会虚拟语气所隐含的情感内容，才能巧妙地运用虚拟语气表达故事中人物丰富多彩的内心世界，从而能够较好地缩小交际双方的心理文化差异，推动作者、语篇与学生等互动交际活动得以有效开展。
方法策略
2
在读后续写的心理描写中，恰当运用虚拟语气，可以委婉地表达主人公的某种情感，使人物形象更生动，增强文章 的可读性 。
（一）“if sb..., sb... ”表达纠结的心情
例如：2021 河北张家口第一次质检题
If I shuldn’t g back n time, the king wuld kill my friend. If I hadn’t fallen frm the hrse and gt hurt, I wuld have gt t the destinatin n time. 要是我不准时回去，国王会杀了我的朋 友 。如果我没有从马上摔下来并受了伤，我也早就按时到达 目 的地了 。
【分析】主人公向国王承诺准时回去，若违背诺言，国 王 会杀死主人公的朋友 。但因为主人公从马上摔下来，受伤了，这一路就耽搁了时间。这时就需要虚拟语气来做出非真实的 假设了，表达了主人公矛盾的情感纠结。以上两个虚拟条件句，前者表示与将来情况相反的假设，后者表示与过去情况相反的假设 。
（二）“ Withut/But fr...”表示感激之情
例如：2021 广州七校联考题
Withut /But fr mm’s encuragement, I wuldn’t have be- cme a successful narratr in the cmpetitin. 如果没有妈妈的鼓励，在比赛中我不可能成为一个成功的讲解员 。
【分析】经过学校的故事大赛，我意识到什么角色都有其优点和重要性。后来，我一直继续做好讲解员的角色，层层突破，在地区小有名气。这时用虚拟语气来表达对妈妈的感 激之情 。
（三）“ If nly...”表示强列的愿望
例如：2021 届浙江慈溪中学模拟题
If nly I had been the 3rd runner wh had gt t the finish line.要是我是第3位到达终点线的跑步者该多好啊！
【分析】我摔倒后继续往前跑，到达终点线，发现自己与第三名擦肩而过，不能获得我心仪的奖品。这时用虚拟语气 来表达与过去事实相反的情况，强调愿望 。
（四）固定句型表示后悔或遗憾
1. 可用 Hw sb wished that ... had (nt) dne sth
例如：2021 山东泰安期中试题
Hw Timmy wished that he hadn’t been s rude t his cach. Timmy 多么希望之前没有那么粗鲁的对待教练啊！
【分析】Timmy 一直是球队的主力，不愿把球传给别人。 他不仅不听教练的劝导，而且由于态度恶劣， 被取消参加区里比赛的资格。他同妈妈交流后，意识到以前自己的错误。 这时就需要虚拟语气来表达他后悔的情感 。
2. 可用 sb.+谓语, wishing that...
例如：2021 广州七校联考题
I was rted n the grund due t being frightened, wishing that I had refused my mther’s advice yesterday. 我由于恐惧愣在那里，真希望我昨天拒绝妈妈的建议 。
【分析】我一直不接受 自 己做故事的讲解员这个角色，但在妈妈的劝导下，我还是参加了学校的故事大赛。中途出现了情感的纠结，后悔参加了比赛。这时需要用虚拟语气来表 达后悔。
（五）“as if...”表达形象生动
例如： 2020 年浙江模拟题
The glasses drpped int the river, as if the water had swallwed them. 眼镜掉到河里，好像水已经吞噬了它 。
【分析】主人公兄弟俩跟爸爸在深林里的一条河边走着，突然爸爸摔了一跤，眼镜掉到河里，兄弟俩赶紧去找， 但由于河水汹涌，找不到 。这时就需要用虚拟语气来描述河中水流的凶猛 。此句型也是比喻的写作手法 。
实践强化
3
基础演练
A
（2022·山东枣庄·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Christmas Tree fr Mrs Mueller
Mrs Mueller was ur next-dr neighbr when my sister Laurel and I were grwing up. She mved here after her husband died. She had n children and n relatives that we knew f. She was gentle and kind, and Laurel and I cnsidered her ur special friend.
One December, Mrs Mueller was ill in hspital. Laurel and I were busy making Christmas presents, and we pndered what t make fr Mrs Mueller. We culdn’t bear seeing her cme hme befre Christmas t an empty huse with n hliday decratins. Then we lit upn the idea f decrating a small tree that wuld greet her with lights and cheer. We were wndering hw t carry ut ur plan when the answer appeared.
I was in Miss O’Keefe’s sixth grade class that year, and we decrated a small tree with paper-link chains and rnaments we’d made in art class. It was beautiful. Best f all, it had t be remved frm the classrm befre Christmas vacatin.
Miss O’Keefe said there wuld be a drawing fr the tree. We’d each write ur name n a piece f paper and put it in the bx she had prepared. On the last day f schl befre vacatin, she’d draw a name frm the bx, and that student culd take the tree hme.
Great! That was exactly what I was lnging fr! S I wrte my name “Helen Wheeler” neatly n a piece f paper and flded it carefully. As I put it int the bx, I whispered t Miss O’Keefe that I really hped I’d win the tree because my sister and I wanted t give it t ur neighbr. Thugh there were 30 children in the class and each might win the tree, I was smehw certain that I wuld get it because ur cause was gd: We wanted t make Mrs Mueller happy.
The day befre vacatin finally arrived. Laurel and I usually walked t and frm schl, but that day I persuaded Mm t pick us up in her car after schl in case I really gt the tree.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Befre schl was ver, Miss O’Keefe annunced it was time fr the drawing.
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The next evening we welcmed Mrs Mueller back at her dr.
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源语篇语气与情态分析导引
【答案】
Befre schl was ver, Miss O’Keefe annunced it was time fr the drawing. My heart punded as Miss O’ Keefe put her hand int the bx and drew ne flded piece f paper ut. Then she unflded the paper. lked at it and annunced. “Helen has wn the tree!” I was beside myself with excitement! And I’ll never frget the astnishment n my mther’s face as my sister and I carried the tree t her car. Since Mm had a key t Mrs Mueller’s huse, we tk the tree straight t her living rm and set it up n a table. It lked s beautiful!
The next evening we welcmed Mrs Mueller back at her dr. She slwly made her way int the huse and turned n the lights. Greeted by the sparkling Christmas tree. Mrs Mueller was rted t the spt, lking surprised. Then a sweet smile appeared n her face and tears welled up in her eyes. “Thank yu s much. she said sftly. While Laurel and I were excitedly recunting the stry. it suddenly dawned n me that Miss O’ Keefe had helped me in a secret way: Thugh she had annunced my name, she never shwed anyne what was written n that piece f paper!
【写作解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了米勒夫人是作者妹妹劳蕾尔和作者小时候的邻居，米勒夫人住院了，于是作者决定在圣诞节的时候给她布置屋子。作者最后用抽到的圣诞树布置了米勒夫人的屋子，米勒夫人非常感动。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“放学前，奥基夫老师宣布该抽签了。”可知，第一段可描写作者他们抽到圣诞树的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“第二天晚上，我们在米勒夫人的门口迎接她。”可知，第二段可描写米勒夫人看到圣诞树的反应以及作者反应过来老师秘密帮助了自己。
2.续写线索：宣布抽签——抽到圣诞树——布置圣诞树——米勒夫人回家——米勒夫人感动——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类：（1）跳动：pund/beat；（2）打开：unfld/pen；（3）出现：appear/shw up
情绪类：（1）美丽：beautiful /pretty；（2）惊讶：surprised / astnishment/ amazed
【典型句式】
[句型1] Since Mm had a key t Mrs Mueller’s huse, we tk the tree straight t her living rm and set it up n a table. (运用了since引导原因状语从句)
[句型2] Thugh she had annunced my name, she never shwed anyne what was written n that piece f paper! (运用了thugh引导让步状语从句)
综合演练
B
1．（2022·广东茂名·模拟预测）阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Light a lamp and we can warm a heart. Terry was a middle-aged leather trader whse repeated failure in career made him a depressed man, ften cmplaining that he had been cheated by thers and cursed his wn misfrtune. Having stayed in the city fr years, he thught he accmplished nthing.
One day, he tld his wife he was s disappinted with the city that he had t leave it immediately. S, his family mved t anther city, which he thught wuld bring gd frtune t him. Hwever, it was nt easy fr peple t mve t anther place, fr they had t handle quantities f stuffs and encunter many strangers. The whle family reached there in the evening f a weekend, with their clthes almst wet. It was a tugh rainy night. The wind was hwling dreadfully and the rain was puring frm the heaven, beating against the branches f lined trees n the rad. The wrld was swallwed with a sea f darkness. Tired and wet, they didn’t have time t have supper. Terry and his wife were busily tidying up their new hme when the light suddenly went ut. Wrse still, the sudden darkness scared his children t cry immediately. Terry’s wife hurried t hug them t ease their tensin. Terry was regretful t have frgtten t bring alng candles and had t wait helplessly in a lw md.
Just then, he heard heavy but hesitant kncks n his dr that culd be clearly heard in the thundering night. Instantly, all the family were ttally silent, fr they were all curius abut the kncks. “Wh’s it?” Terry asked, since they were newcmers t this city there must be nbdy wh knew them. Tired and busy, he especially hated t be disturbed at the mment, s he dragged his legs slwly t the dr and pened it impatiently. Actually, Terry didn’t realize his negative behavir wuld have a bad effect n his children at all! Outside the windw, the wind and the thundering ruled the wrld entirely in their pwer.
注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1：At the dr was a little girl with wet raincat and sparkling eyes.
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Paragraph 2：After a while, the dr was kncked again.
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【答案】
At the dr was a little girl with wet raincat and sparkling eyes. She shyly asked, “Sir, d yu have candles? I’m yur neighbr.” “N, I had nthing.” answered Terry in anger and shut the dr vilently. “What an annying persn!” he cmplained ver it that n sner had he settled dwn than the neighbr came t brrw things. His wife and children just std by the dr, nt daring t say a wrd r pen the dr. Then, they heard the girl running away.
After a while, the dr was kncked again. He pened it and fund the same girl utside. But this time she was hlding tw candles, saying, “I thught yu might need candles s I’m here t give yu these.” All the family were very surprised by what they saw and heard. At that mment, Terry suddenly realized what caused his failure in life. It was his cldness and indifference with thers. The persn wh had cheated him in life was nbdy else but himself, fr his eyes had been ruled by his unsympathetic mind. Guilty, he was determined t be always generus t thers and teach his children t be s frm then n. (178wrds）
2．（2022·山东青岛·二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My family lived in a tiny apartment in Hbken, New Jersey. Every December my mm spread the wrd t anyne alne n Christmas Eve that she wuld be having an pen huse. My mm believed that n ne shuld be alne during the hlidays. If she culd, she prbably wuld have put an advertisement in the paper inviting the wrld.
As it was, ur tiny apartment was stuffed, every rm but my bedrm filled with partying adults n Christmas Eve. Sleep was impssible, but I tried t fall asleep anyway because Santa wuld nt leave gifts fr children wh were awake. As I lay in bed, I wndered hw Santa wuld even knw I was asleep amid all the laughter and hw he culd sneak in and leave gifts with all thse peple arund.
The Christmas Eve Open-Huse traditin cntinued. When I was 8 years ld, we mved t the suburb, where we gt t live in a lvely, ne-bedrm apartment. That first Christmas there, my mm invited anyne she met wh she learned wuld be alne n Christmas Eve一neighbrs, c-wrkers, shp girls, the list went n.
The next year, a new neighbr mved in next dr. His name was Gerge, and he was an lder gentleman. He always ndded a greeting when he saw us. It was arund Thanksgiving when we saw him park in his space near urs. We were bringing in grceries, and my mm asked him if he had plans fr the.hliday. When he said n, and he wuld spend it alne, my mm mentined her pen huse n Christmas Eve.
“Please jin us,” I said. He was already shaking his head n.
“But mm’s apple pie is really inviting.”
“I wn’t be gd cmpany, I’m afraid,” he said. “I lst my wife a few mnths ag.” His eyes were fill with tears and he turned away. “Thank yu anyway!” he called. He went int his apartment and quickly clsed the dr.
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I felt a bit dwn and decided t d smething.
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Our friendship began, and sn Christmas Eve arrived.
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【答案】
I felt a bit dwn and decided t d smething. I prpsed t my mm that she culd make her reputable apple pie s that I culd send Gerge sme t sample. Of curse, my warm-hearted mm immediately sprang int actin and made a whle plate in kitchen. As I packed the pie int the bx, my mm tk ut an album, in which phts were neatly arranged and shwed ur previus gathering with ur neighbrs, acquaintances and friends. My mm left a shrt nte, which read ‘Please d jin ur in Christmas!’ As I kncked Gerge’s dr and handed him the pie tgether with the album, Gerge was dumbfunded and I culd see tears in his eyes as he chked ut a shaky thank yu.
Our friendship began, and sn Christmas Eve arrived. As we met Gerge in the yard, my mm asked tentatively, “Gerge, have yu received my nte?” Ndding his head, he beamed a faint smile as if he were still cncerned that he might be a wet blanket in the party. “Cme n, and I will make tns f apple pie this time.” My mther winked shyly, t which Gerge chuckled a bit. “Oh, I culdn’t say n because the pie is simply brilliant.” he replied in a laughing tne. At his psitive answer, my mm and I gave each ther an exhilarating high-five as we wuld welcme anther lnely sul this year, wh wuld definitely be struck by ur heartwarming party and thus regain his faith t cntinue living with enthusiasm and cnfidence.
句子
语气与情态分析
As I put it int the bx, I whispered t Miss O’Keefe that I really hped I’d win the tree because my sister and I wanted t give it t ur neighbr.
动词whisper, hpe,want体现了人物的愿望，再现了人物对赢得那棵树的期待。
Laurel and I usually walked t and frm schl, but that day I persuaded Mm t pick us up in her car after schl in case I really gt the tree.
动词persuade以及连接词in case体现了人物心情之迫切，且对赢得那棵树信心十足。