高中英语2024届高考考点讲解与练习（冠词+数词）

这是一份高中英语2024届高考考点讲解与练习（冠词+数词），共6页。试卷主要包含了冠词，数词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
【知识要点】
1、冠词分为三类：定冠词(the)，不定冠词(a, an)和零冠词（即：名词前不使用冠词）。
2、不定冠词的用法：
① 不定冠词基本用法：表示某一类或某一类中的某一个，表示类指、泛指。如：
He is a student.
② 表示“每一”，与every / per同义。
He visited his parents a / every / per week.
③用于第一次提到的、对方不知道的名词前。
A man is waiting fr yu.
④ 后接表示姓名的专有名词，表示“像这样的人”。如：
He wants t be a Lu Xun.
⑤ 用于一些习惯用语、固定搭配中。如：
at a lss, cme t an end, all f a sudden,
in a wrd, as a whle,
have a knwledge f,
have a ppulatin f, have a walk,
take a rest, make a decisin/plan,
draw a cnclusin,
have a rest, have/take a lk,
have a histry/ppulatin/knwledge f,
a pair f, a number f, a lt f
3、定冠词的用法：
① 定冠词基本用法：表示说话双方都知道的人或事物，或特指某（些）人或事物，表示确指、特指。
—Wh is the by there?
—He is Tm.
② 上文提到的或谈话双方都知道的对象。
There is a pen here.The pen is Tm’s.
③ 世上独一无二的名词前。
The earth ges arund the sun.
④ 序数词、最高级前。
the first time
the mst beautiful
⑤ 乐器名称前（西洋乐器）。
the vilin ；the pian
⑥ 有后置定语、定语从句、’s名词所有格限定的名词前。
the September f 2011
the bk that yu gave me
the huse t be built next mnth
⑦ 与表示姓氏的名词的复数连用，表示夫妇俩或一家人。
The Brwns are having their dinner.
⑧ the+某人姓名，表“某人的作品”或“某品牌的产品”。
Yesterday, I bught the Lining.
⑨ 用在比较级前表示两者中“更……的一个”。
He is the taller f the tw bys.
⑩ 固定短语中。
all the time, all the same, t the pint, in the end,
by the end, take the place f, The mre…the mre…
4、零冠词的用法：
① 不可数名词前。
I need sme water.
He is full f imaginatin.
② 指一日三餐、月份、四季、星期、节假日前的名词前。
It is cld in winter here.
Supper is very imprtant.
Tday is Wednesday.
③ 指棋类、球类运动的名词前。
I like ftball.
④ 表示头衔、职务的名词前，表示“头衔、职务”。
He was made president.
Barack Hussein Obama II became president f the United Sates.
⑤ 短语搭配中：
成对出现的短语：
yung and ld teacher and student
husband and wife knife and frk
bread and butter day and night brther and sister
介词短语：
at night at ease at war in peace
in prisn in church at sea
动词短语：
g t schl g t hspital put int prisn
g t wrk g t bed make friends with
对称名词：
day by day arm in arm day after day
hand in hand frm head t ft
5、特殊情况：
① 表示乐器的名词：
如果表示泛指意义，那么前面要使用不定冠词来修饰；如果这个名词被用来表示此类乐器的曲子，那么此时这个名词为不可数名词，前面就不能使用冠词了（即：应该使用零冠词）。如：
Yesterday I bught a vilin.
I like listening t vilin.
② 表示发明物的名词，如果表示泛指意义，那么前面要使用不定冠词。如：
Yesterday I bught a cmputer.
③ 如果抽象名词表示具体的某一次（即：抽象名词具体化）时，前面要使用a/an进行限定；如果指具体的一次，前面则需要使用the进行限定。如：
The prject f yesterday was a success.
The success (f the prject) made him famus vernight.
④ 如果指一日三餐、月份、四季、星期、节假日的名词前有形容词修饰，表示该名词具备的某种性质或特征时，前面需要加a/an进行修饰；如果是特指哪一个月份、星期、季节、节假日，或哪一顿饭，前面需要使用the来进行限定。如：
a ht summer
a quick breakfast
a sunny Friday
a wnderful April
The summer (f this year) is s ht.
The breakfast is delicius.
⑤ 指球类运动的名词，如果不指运动种类，而是指物体本身，表示泛指意义时，前面需要使用a/an进行修饰；表示特指意义时，前面要使用the进行限定。如：
I bught a ftball yesterday.I like the ftball very much.
⑥ 如果表示头衔、职称、职务的名词被用来指代担任此职务的人时，前面可以使用the进行限定；如果不止一个人担任此职务，那么名词前可以使用a/an进行修饰。如：
The president f that cuntry will visit China next week.
A vice chairman will hst the meeting.
【练习】单句语法填空
1.______ man is waiting fr yu.
2.______ wman in red is waiting fr yu.
3.______ wman in red is Tm’s mther.
4.Life needs ______ water.
5.______ water in the river has been plluted.
6.Cathy is ______ best friend f my mther.
7.Cathy is ______ friend f my mther’s.
8.Wuld yu please give me ______ advice abut hw t learn English well?
9.Yu can get ______ infrmatin frm the Internet.
10.All ______ infrmatin n the Internet isn’t believable.
11.He likes play ______ ftball.Yesterday his parents bught him ______ ftball as his birthday gift.He likes ______ ftball very much.
12.T wn a healthy bdy, yu must have ______ breakfast.
13.The alarm was brken.He had ______ quick breakfast and rushed t wrk.
14.______ breakfast this mrning is s delicius.
15.Listen! Smene is playing ______ pian.I feel familiar with ______ pian.What ______ amazing pian it is.
16.We made Catherine ______ mnitr.
17.______ mnitr came int the classrm, annuncing that we’d have an uting tmrrw.
18.Finally, it came t ______ end.
19.This city has ______ ppulatin f 6 millin.
20.China has ______ histry f mre than 5, 000 years.
21.Nwadays, having ______ knwledge f a freign language is a must.
22.All f ______ sudden, a mtrbike rushed ut frm the crner.
23.We need ______ plenty f water.
24.The apple is s delicius.I want t have ______ secnd.
25.Is there ______ Mr.White here?
26.He really wants t be ______ Newtn ne day.
27.T sme peple, ______ Lu Xun is difficult t understand.
28.He is ______ father f the tw.
29.I have n wrk fr yu fr ______ mment.Yu can have a rest fr ______ mment.
30.He visited his parents twice ______ week.
31.Electricity is a kind f ______ energy.
32.This is my ______ friend.
33.He wants t turn ______ scientist in the future.
34.______ Y (y)ungest as he is, he is the tallest f us.
35.Yu can g there by ______ bus.Or yu can als take ______ taxi.
36.______ Brwns are having dinner.
37.______ Children’s Day is the festival fr children.
38.Failure is the mther f ______ success.
39.The meeting tday is ______ success.
40.This is ______ first time that I have been here.
41.The wrkers are paid by ______ hur.
42.He was beaten n ______ shulder.
43.Turn ______ left, and yu will find the cinema n ______ right.
44.As ______ result, he was late again.
45.______C(c)ffee, please.
二、数词
【知识要点】
1、数词表示数目和次序，分为基数词（ne, tw, …）、序数词（the first, the secnd, …）、和表示大概数量的数量限定词（sme, any, many, several, …）。
2、数词表示：
（1）“基数词+ten/ hundred/ thusand/ millin/ billin/ dzen/ scre…+复数名词”或“tens/ hundreds/ thusands/ millins/ billins/ dzens/ scres f +复数名词”
（2）时刻表示：
① 几点：“基数词+（’clck）”
11 ’clck 11点
② 几点过几分：“分钟past小时”
10 past 11 11:10
③ 几点差几分：“分钟t小时”
10 t 11 10:50
（3）年月表示
① 世纪：“（in） the 序数词 century”
(in) the 16th century 16世纪
② 年代：“(in) the 基数词’s”
(in) the 1940’s 20世纪40年代
（4）年月日表示
① 年份：“(in) 基数词”
in 1940 1940年
② 月份：“in+月份”
in May 五月份
③ 日期：“n 月份+序数词”或“n 序数词 +月份”
n Oct.1st 或 n 1st Oct. 10月1日
（5）四则运算表示
① 加法：“加”用plus, and, add表示，等于用is, make, equal表示。
Hw much is tw plus fur? 2+4=?
② 减法：“减”用minus或take frm表示。
Hw much is eleven minus seven? 11-7=?
③ 乘法：“乘”用time或multiply表示。
Hw much is 7 times 7? 7×7=？
④ 除法：“除”用divide的过去分词形式（divided）表示。
Hw much is 20 divided by fur? 20÷4=？
（6）分数表示：“基数词（分子）-序数词（-s）（分母））”：
ne-third 1/3 three-fifths 3/5
（7）小数表示：“基数词pint基数词”：
ne hundred twenty five pint fur six 125.46
（8）百分数表示：“基数词+percent”：
29 percent 29%
（9）长、宽、高、重量、面积等度量衡表示：“基数词+单位词+形容词”或“基数词+单位词+in+形容词的同根名词”：
ten meters lng/ in length
ten meters wide/ in width
（10）温度表示：“基数词+degree(s)+单位词（centigrade/ Fahrenheit）”：
10℃ 10摄氏度
（11）倍数表示：“基数词+times +比较结构”：
The huse is three times bigger than that ne.
The huse is three times as big as that ne.
（12）年龄表示：“in ne’s 基数词的复数形式”：
in his thirties 30多岁
（13）数词与名词构成的合成词作定语
three-hur jurney 三小时的旅行
a 13-year-ld by 一个13岁的小男孩
（14）数词与名词的连用
① 修饰可数名词的数量词：基数词, many, (a) few, a number f, tens/ hundreds/ thusands/ millins/ billins/ … f。
② 修饰不可数名词的数量词：much, (a) little, a great deal f。
③ 修饰不可数名词和可数名词的数量词：sme, any, a lt f, a large quantity f, large quantities f, plenty f。
【练习】单句改错
1.Tw thusands peple are having a meeting there.
2.I haven’t sme water.
3.Can yu give me any help?
4.There isn’t plenty f water.
5.Tw-fifth f students disagreed.
6.This is the three ftball I’ve bught.
7.There is t many water here.
8.He is in his fifty.
9.Friday is the five day f a week.
10.I dn’t want any mre range.I have had many.
11.Three hundreds peple are waiting there.
12.We need many water.
13.Frm his teacher, he learned a lt f.
14.He is nly a 3-years-ld by.
15.He is abut in his sixty.
16.Tw-third f the frest has been destryed.
17.“A” is the ne letter f the English alphabet.
18.The river is abut 5 meters width.
19.He was brn in May 1, 2004.
20.This new building is three time higher than the ld ne.
【答案】
一、
1.A 2.A/The 3.The 4./ 5.The 6.the 7.a 8./ 9./ 10.the
11./; a; the 12./ 13.a 14.The 15.the; the; / 16./ 17.The
18.an 19.a 20.a 21.a 22.a 23./ 24.a 25.a 26.a 27.the 28.the 29.the; a 30.a 31./ 32./ 33./ 34./ 35./; a 36.The 37./ 38./ 39.a 40.the 41.the 42.the 43./; the 44.a 45.A
二、
1.thusands→thusand 2.sme→any
3.any→sme 4.plenty f→much/ enugh
5.Tw-fifth→tw-fifths 6.three→third
7.many→much 8.fifty→fifties
9.five→fifth 10.many→much
11.hundreds→hundred 12.many→much
13.f去掉 14.3-years-ld→3-year-ld
15.sixty→sixties 16.Tw-third→Tw- thirds
17.ne→first 18.width→wide或width前加in
19.in→n 20.time→times