高中英语2024届高考考点讲解与练习（介词）

这是一份高中英语2024届高考考点讲解与练习（介词），共4页。
【知识要点】
1、介词不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词或动词的-ing形式等构成短语，才能在句子中充当一个成分。
2、介词主要有：
（1）表示地点位置的介词：abve, at, behind, belw, beside, between, in, in frnt f, inside, next t, n, ppsite, utside, ver, under
（2）表示时间的介词：in, n, at, in, after, frm, since, after
（3）表示运动方向的介词：acrss, alng, dwn, frm, int, ff, nt, ut f, ver, rund, thrugh, t, up
（4）表示关于的介词：n ,abut
（5）表示方法、手段的介词：by, with, in
（6）表示原因的介词：fr, because f, thanks t, wing t, due t
3、介词分为三类：
（1）简单介词（常见44个）：
abut, abve, acrss, after, against, alng, amng, arund, as, at, befre, behind, belw, beneath, beside, besides, between, beynd, but, by, cncerning, during, except, fr, in, like, near, nearly, f, ff, n, ppsite, ut, ver, past, rund, since, thrugh, till, t, under, until, up, with。
（2）合成介词（常见10个）：
alngside, inside, int, nt, utside, thrughut, underneath, upn, within, withut。
（3）短语介词（常见15个）：
accrding t, alng with, apart frm, as fr, as t, because f, due t, except fr, in additin t, wing t, thanks t, up t, in frnt f, next t, tgether with。
4、六组同义/近义介词
（1）表示时间
① at, in, n
at：后接具体时刻、时节、年龄等。
at 10 years ld at 8:00 at nn
in：后接时间段（如世纪、年、季节、月份、上午、下午、晚上等）。
In the 1920’s in Spring in May
in the mrning/afternn/evening
n：后接特定时间、星期、具体的一天。
n Sunday n May 1st
② in, during, by
in：in+时间段，表示“将来”或“此时间段内”
He will cme back in 3 days.
It will be finished in 3 days.
within：“within+时间段”，强调“在此时间段内”或“不超出这段时间”。
Yu must finish it within 3 hurs.
during：“during+时间段”，表示“贯穿此时间段内”
During the hliday, he kept playing.
by：到……时间位置，往往要跟完成时态。
We had finished the bk by the end f last mnth.
（2）表示地点
① at, in
at：后接小地点。
He arrived at the village n June 8.
in：后接大地点。
He arrived in Beijing in June.
② between, amng
between：两者或多者之间的两者之间。
There is a river between the tw cities.
Tell the differences between the five wrds.
amng：三者或三者以上之间。
He is the shrtest amng thse bys.
③ in, n, t
in：指在范围之内，即：内部。
Shandng prvince is in the nrth f China.
n：范围外，两者接界。
Shandng is n the nrth f Jiangsu.
t：范围外，不接界。
Shandng is t the nrth f Fujian.
④ acrss, thrugh
acrss：从物体的表面穿过。
He suddenly saw Sue acrss the rm.
thrugh：从物体的内部穿过。
The sunlight ges thrugh the windws.
⑤ abve, n, ver, belw
abve：在……的上方。
There are sme cluds abve.
n：在……上面（表面上）。
There are several bks n the table.
ver：在……的正上方。
There is a bridge ver the river.
belw：在……正下方
There is a dg belw the desk.
（3）表示方式或工具
by：指通过某种途径、手段或动作行为的执行者，或衡量标准。
He ges t schl by bus every day.
They are paid by the weight.
It was presented by Tm.
with：指用具体的工具、材料、事物（具体或抽象）。
It was cvered with snw.
Yu shuld write it with a pen.
thrugh：指通过具体的过程、途径、手段或中介。
Nwadays many psitins need t be wned thrugh tests.
in：指用某种方式、方法、媒介、材料进行表达。
Can yu cmmunicate with them in English?
Yu can write it in ink.
（4）表示原因、结果
at/with/in/abut：后接引起某种情绪等心理活动的人、事物，表示原因。
be shcked/ surprised at
be satisfied with
be cncerned abut
be interested in
fr：后接具体的事、物、状况，表示受奖罚、痛苦、出名的原因。
… fr its beauty/stealing
be famus fr
frm/ut f：表示出于需要、主观认识或动机的原因。
frm/ut f a sense f duty
frm starvatin
die frm
t ne’s n.：后接表示情绪的名词，在句中作全句的结果状语。
T ur surprise, that is a DOG!
（5）表示关于
n：后接具体内容，专门性用语。
A cnference n the climate is t held next mnth.
abut：常用语,后接内容或观点较为一般的情形。
Let say smething abut the tpic.
（6）表示排除或包含
but/except：除……之外。
All the students, except Tm, went there yesterday.
besides：“包含……在内”或：“除……之外，还有”。
Besides English, he culd speak three kinds f freign languages.
except fr：若无except fr后的对象，在对主语所下的论断就达到了100%。
Except fr an ld wman, the bus was empty.
apart frm：“除……之外”，“包含……在内”。
All the students, apart frm Tm, went there yesterday.
Apart frm English, he culd speak three kinds f freign languages.
【练习】单句语法填空
1.Try n this red skirt; yu will lk great ______ it.
2.Mdern equipment and n smking are tw f the things I like ______ wrking here.
3.If yu really have t leave during the meeting, yu'd better leave ______ the back dr.
4.The schls themselves admit that nt all children will be successful in the jbs ______ which they are being trained.
5.He fund it increasingly difficult t read, ______ his eyesight was beginning t fail.
6.I have many friends, ______ whm sme are businessmen.
7.He invited me t a dance after the shw ______ Christmas Eve.
8.Children need friends ______ their wn age t play with.
9.Sme peple chse jbs fr ther reasns ______ mney these days.
10.Yu have n idea hw she finished the relay race ______ her ft wunded s much.
11.This shp will be clsed fr repairs ______ further ntice.
12.Shirley, a real bk lver, ften brings hme many bks t read ______ the library.
13.Nick, it’s gd fr yu t read sme bks ______ China befre yu start yur trip there.
14.He was a gd student and scred ______ average in mst subjects.
15.I’m srry I didn’t phne yu, but I’ve been very busy______ the past cuple f weeks.
16.I always wanted t d the jb which I’d been trained ______.
17.With new technlgy, pictures f underwater valleys can been taken ______ clr.
18.The Well Htel stands in a quiet place ______ the main rad at the far end f the lake.
19.______ all the animals I’ve ever had, these tw dgs are the mst sensitive t the spken wrd.
20.Nthing is s easy as ______ parents t raise their expectatins f their children t high.
21.D yu think this shirt is t tight ______ the shulders?
22.An agreement seems t be impssible because the majrity f the cmmittee members are ______ it.
23.A serius study f physics is impssible ______ sme knwledge f mathematics.
24.It was a real race ______ time t get the prject dne.Luckily, we made it.
25.I have an appintment ______ Dr.Smith, but I need t change it.
26.Peple wn't pay attentin t yu when they still have a lt f ideas f their wn crying ______ expressin.
27.Jane is in a hurry because the train t the airprt leaves ______ half an hur.
28.The Scttish girl ______ blue eyes wn the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Cntest.
29.September 30 is the day ______ which yu must pay yur bill.
30.She drve s fast at the turn that the car almst went ______ the rad.
31.It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life ______ his great wealth.
32.Nwadays sme hspitals refer t patients ______ names nt case number.
33.When asked abut their pinins abut the schlmaster, many teachers wuld prefer t see him step aside ______ favr f yunger men.
34.We’d better discuss everything ______ detail befre we wrk ut the plan.
35.Yu can change yur jb, yu can mve huse, but friendship is meant t be ______ life.
36.China has been pushing the refrm f public hspitals ______ the benefit f all its citizens.
37.It will be a big help if yu g t the stre and get what we need fr dinner.______ the meanwhile, I’ll set the table.
38.Smetimes prper answers are nt far t seek ______ fd safety prblems.
39.The Smiths are praised ______ the way they bring up their children.
40.Srry, Madam.Yu’d better cme tmrrw because it′s______ the visiting hurs.
【答案】
1.in 2.abut 3.by 4.fr 5.fr 6.f 7.n 8.f
9.besides 10.with 11.until 12.frm 13.n 14.abve
15.ver/during 16.fr 17.in 18.ff 19.Of 20.fr
21.acrss 22.against 23.withut 24.against
25.with 26.fr 27.in 28.with 29.by 30.ff
31.despite 32.by 33.in 34.in 35.fr 36.fr 37.In
38.t 39.fr 40.Beynd