福建省泉州市培元中学2024届高三下学期第二次联合考试英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份福建省泉州市培元中学2024届高三下学期第二次联合考试英语试卷(含答案)，共24页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
D nt miss this unique pprtunity t participate in Circle U.’s winter curse at Humbldt-Universitat zu Berlin with c-students frm nine universities acrss Eurpe!
Key Infrmatin
● Dates: 24-28 Nvember plus five additinal nline sessins
● Level/target grup: Students frm all fields f study
●Csts: Schl fees are free f charge. Participants will receive supprt fr their travel, accmmdatin and living csts.
● Applicatin deadline: 28 Nvember, 2023
Hw t Apply
Applicatins are accepted thrugh the Mve On website. Alng with the applicatin frm, please submit yur CV and mtivatin letter, yur transcript f recrds as well as prf f enrllment(注册)at ne f the Circle U. universities.
*By 2 Octber, all applicants will be infrmed by email abut the results f the selectin prcedure.
Curse Descriptin
N matter whether yu study art histry, agricultural sciences, r smething else altgether, the winter schl “Climate Change & Plicy: Hw t Transitin t a Pst-Carbn Future” is fr yu. Over the curse f tw weeks—five days f nline sessins and five in persn—yu will take part in interactive lectures, wrkshps, and panel discussins, all led by famus researchers and plicy experts frm acrss Eurpe.
●Tgether with Circle U. students, yu will nt nly learn abut basic cncepts f climate science, but als discver the ptential f mitigatin(缓解)actins, as well as the dynamics f climate plitics.
●In small teams, yu will analyze and dcument examples f the climate impact n yur hme regin, and research sustainability plicies at yur university.
1．What d we knw abut the winter curse?
A. It will last mre than tw weeks. B. N schl fees are required fr it.
C. N limitatin is set n applicatin. D. It's pen t students f certain majrs.
2．Which f the fllwing shuld be cntained in the applicatin materials?
A. Certificate f enrllment. B. A self-intrductin letter.
C. Recrds f previus activities. D. Schl permissin dcuments.
3．What can participants acquire thrugh the curse?
A. Knwledge abut climate trend.
B. Recgnitin f related curse credit.
C. Insights int basics f climate science.
D. Ways f respnding t climate plicies.
In the days befre the Internet, critical thinking was the mst imprtant skill f infrmed citizens. But in the digital age, accrding t Anastasia Kzyreva, a psychlgist at the Max Planck Institute f Human Develpment, and her clleagues, an even mre imprtant skill is critical ignring.
As the researchers pint ut, we live in an attentin ecnmy where cntent prducers n the Internet cmpete fr ur attentin. They attract us with a lt f emtinal and eye-catching stries while prviding little useful infrmatin, s they can expse us t prfit-generating advertisements. Therefre, we are n lnger custmers but prducts, and each link we click is a sale f ur time and attentin. T prtect urselves frm this, Kzyreva advcates fr learning the skill f critical ignring, in which readers intentinally cntrl their infrmatin envirnment t reduce expsure t false and lw-quality infrmatin.
Accrding t Kzyreva, critical ignring cmprises three strategies. The first is t design ur envirnments, which invlves the remval f lw-quality yet hard-t-resist infrmatin frm arund. Successful dieters need t keep unhealthy fd ut f their hmes. Likewise, we need t set up a digital envirnment where attentin-grabbing items are kept ut f sight. As with dieting, if ne tries t bank n willpwer nt t click eye-catching “news,” he’ll surely fail. S, it’s better t just keep them ut f sight t begin with.
The next is t evaluate the reliability f infrmatin, whse purpse is t prtect yu frm false and misleading infrmatin. It can be realized by checking the surce in the mainstream news agencies which have their reputatins fr being trustwrthy.
The last ges by the phrase “d nt feed the trlls.” Trlls are actrs wh intentinally spread false and hurtful infrmatin nline t cause harm. It may be appealing t respnd t them t set the facts straight, but trlls just care abut annying thers rather than facts. S, it’s best nt t reward their bad behaviur with ur attentin.
By sharpening ur critical ignring skills in these ways, we can make the mst f the Internet while aviding falling victim t thse wh try t cntrl ur attentin, time, and minds.
4．What can we learn abut the attentin ecnmy frm paragraph 2?
A. It ffers little infrmatin.B. It features depressing stries.
C. It saves time fr Internet users.D. It seeks prfits frm each click.
5．Why des the authr mentin dieters in paragraph 3?
A. T discuss the quality f infrmatin.
B. T prve the benefits f healthy fd.
C. T shw the imprtance f envirnments.
D. T explain the effectiveness f willpwer.
6．What shuld we d t handle Internet trlls accrding t the text?
A. Reveal their intentin.B. Turn a deaf ear t them.
C. Crrect their behaviur.D. Send hard facts t them.
7．What is the text mainly abut?
A. Reasns fr critical thinking in the attentin ecnmy.
B. Practising the skill f critical ignring in the digital age.
C. Maximizing the benefits f critical ignring n the Internet.
D. Strategies f abandning critical thinking fr Internet users.
Nw, a new trial finds antiviral medicatins, when given sn after a child is diagnsed with type 1 diabetes (糖尿病), might help preserve thse vital beta (β) cells.
Antiviral drugs culd be “used alne, r as part f cmbinatin treatment, t rescue insulin (胰岛素) — prducing beta cells at diagnsis f type 1 diabetes,” said a team that presented their findings at the annual meeting f the Eurpean Assciatin fr the Study f Diabetes, in Hamburg. S-called beta cells in the pancreas (胰腺) can generate insulin. But in sme cases, an uncntrlled aut-immune respnse causes the bdy t attack its wn beta cells, ruining a child’s capacity t prduce insulin and cause type 1 diabetes. S peple with type 1 diabetes rely n insulin injectins t maintain healthy bld sugar levels the rest f their lives.
The researchers have been investigating the rt causes f the autimmune “malfunctin” behind beta cell destructin fr years, and they discvered that lw-grade infectins with cmmn germs ften ccur in the pancreatic cells f peple newly diagnsed with type l diabetes. S what if these peple were given antivirals — in this case, plecnaril and ribavirin — t rid the pancreas f these infectins?
The new trial, led by Dr. Mynarek, sught t answer that questin. The team fllwed96 children aged 6 t 15 wh were all diagnsed with type 1 diabetes in the study. The children were randmly selected t receive either the tw antiviral medicines r a placeb (无效对照剂) fr six mnths. Mynarek’s grup tracked C-peptides levels in the bld, which “mirrr the insulin prductin in the pancreas,” implying that the higher a child’s C-peptide levels n tests, the better their pancreas was prducing insulin. Accrding t their findings, while C-peptide levels drpped a full 24% in children wh received the placeb, it fell by just 11% in thse wh gt the antivirals. That suggests the treatment helped prtect the child’s pancreatic beta cells frm destructin.
The researchers cncluded that “further studies shuld be dne t evaluate whether antiviral treatment culd delay the prgressin f beta-cell damage leading t clinical type l diabetes.”
8．What’s the functin f beta cells?
A. T attack the viruses.B. T prduce insulin.
C. T cause diabetes.D. T absrb drugs.
9．Hw des the new drug wrk fr diabetes?
A. T kill the germs infecting ur pancreas.
B. T inject insulin t ur bdy.
C. T help create mre beta cells.
D. T prevent cmmn germs frm attacks.
10．What des the trial find accrding t Mynarek’s grup?
A. There was n bvius difference between the tw grups.
B. The kids given a placeb shw a higher C-peptide levels than thers.
C. The kids given antiviral medicines prduce mre insulin than thers.
D. The kids taking a placeb prduce mre insulin than thers.
11．Which is the best title f the text?
A. The rt cause f diabetes has been fund
B. Beta cells culd be preserved by insulin
C. Autimmune respnse culd cause bdy diabetes
D. Antiviral medicines culd help ease Type l diabetes
The streets, sidewalks and rfs f cities all absrb heat during the day, making sme urban areas acrss the United States up t 6 degrees Fahrenheit htter than rural nes during the day—and 22 degrees F htter at night. These “urban heat islands” can als develp undergrund as the city heat spreads dwnward, beneath the surface. And basements, subway tunnels and ther undergrund infrastructure als cnstantly bleed heat int the surrunding earth, creating htspts. Nw the undergrund heat is building up as the planet warms.
Accrding t a new study f dwntwn Chicag, undergrund htspts may threaten the very same structures that emit the heat in the first place. Such temperature changes make the grund arund them expand and cntract (收缩) enugh t cause ptential damage. “Withut anyne realizing it, the city f Chicag’s dwntwn was defrming,” says the study’s authr Alessandr F. Rtta Lria, a civil and envirnmental engineer at Nrthwestern University.
The findings, published in Cmmunicatins Engineering, expse a “silent hazard (危险)” t civil infrastructure in cities with sfter grund — especially thse near water — Rtta Lria says. “There might have been structural issues caused by this undergrund climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize,” he adds. While nt an immediate r direct danger t human lives, this previusly unknwn effect highlights the impacts f a lesser-knwn cmpnent f climate change.
Similar t climate change abve the surface, these undergrund changes ccur ver lng perids f time. “These effects tk decades, a century, t develp,” Rtta Lria says, adding that elevated undergrund temperatures wuld likewise take a lng time t dissipate (逐渐消失) n their wn.
But ther researchers interviewed fr this stry all say this wasted energy culd als be recycled, presenting an pprtunity t bth cl the subsurface and save n energy csts. Subway tunnels and basements culd be updated with technlgies t recapture the heat. Fr example, water pipes culd be installed t run thrugh undergrund htspts and pick up sme f the heat energy.
12．What can we learn abut the “urban heat islands”?
A. They can develp undergrund structures.
B. They are impacted by glbal warming.
C. They can destry the grund arund.
D. They nly exist in the United States.
13．Why des Alessandr F. Rtta Lria mentin “silent hazard” in paragraph 3?
A. T discuss structural issues.B. T categrize climate change.
C. T explain undergrund heat.D. T emphasize the neglected reality.
14．What will the authr prbably write abut in the paragraph that fllws?
A. The future f tunnels and basements.
B. The reusing appraches f heat energy.
C. The cst f maintaining structures.
D. The evlutin f undergrund envirnment.
15．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A. Warming Undergrund, Weakening Surface
B. A Silver Lining f Glbal Warming
C. Urban Silent Islands in the Making
D. A Silent Crisis in Dwntwn Chicag
二、七选五
16．The teenage years are prbably the mst unsettled and stressful years in a persn’s life. Teens experience significant physical, emtinal, scial and cgnitive changes. And teens f tday face mre challenges as they g thrugh mre uncertain times f the 21st century.①______
As teens experience massive physical, scial and emtinal changes, the challenges are managing scial expectatins f ideal bdy images, develping their identity and finding their place in the wrld. In the past, a teen wh was criticized fr his r her larger figure r pimpled (有粉刺的) face, might feel embarrassed and dejected in schl. ②______Cnstant cmparisn and endless psts f picture — perfect images and lives give teens greater pressure t fllw current fashin trends. The Wall Street Jurnal reprted that Instagram made bdy images wrse fr ne in three teenage girls.
③______Statistics shw that mst cases f cyber bullying take place n ppular scial media sites such as Facebk, Instagram, Snapchats and Twitter, where cyber bullies make emtinally scarring cmments. These can be made publicly n a teen’s scial media accunt. ④______As a result, cyber bullying can be mre threatening than traditinal bullying because it can be shared and viewed repeatedly n scial media. In this age f scial media, it is als imprtant fr teens t learn t cultivate psitive, and healthy relatinships with peple.
There have been many discussins abut new technlgies and ways f wrking, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and autmatin, which will impact future jbs. ⑤______. Unlike in the past, the situatin is different tday as AI and autmatin are causing sme jbs t disappear. Teens will have t meet this challenge by adpting an attitude f lifelng learning, and keeping paces with technlgy.
A. They can als be spread quickly by sharing with thers.
B. Furthermre, scial media has taken bullying t a new level.
C. The future has always been a dreamland fr teens t anticipate.
D. Tday, these same sufferings can be expanded by scial media.
E. Scial media, and technlgical advances are psing new challenges.
F. Additinally, scial media is a strng tl fr a teen t defend himself.
G. The challenge fr a teen tday is preparing fr a largely unknwn future.
三、完形填空（15空）
The Sierra Nevada range is incmparable in scale and magnificence. There’s n better way t see it than t appreciate every spectacular view with yur wn hard 1 . My husband, Will, ur kids (Herbie, 5 and Artley, 11) and I planned t 2 the nrthern half f the Jhn Muir trail in tw weeks, which 3 alng the backbne f the High Sierra, past lakes, and thrugh dusty pine frests.
We set 4 befre we started: this wuld be tugh, but wrth it. T get ur kids mre 5 , we let them have the map and decide when t stp and rest. In this way, they felt empwered. This 6 als resulted in Herbie nearly standing n a 4-ft snake n ur first day, thugh. 7 , it was early mrning and the snake was half asleep.
Fr tw weeks, the bys enjyed the 8 . They built dams and bridges acrss streams, climbed and swam. Smetimes, they refused t carry their packs and 9 abut feet hurting. But these mments were far utweighed by extrardinary bursts f 10 and enthusiasm — particularly when we’d been slgging (艰难前行) uphill fr hurs and a muntain tp finally came int view, ur kids even decided we needed t 11 .
By the time we finished, we had 12 cuntless msquites, suffered ft pain and had terrible sleep. But we were right t be 13 abut ur kids’ abilities. Thrugh the 14 , they will, I hpe, understand what they are truly capable f, hw perseverance leads t bigger 15 later n, and what it feels like t be encuraged and supprted s that they can achieve smething great.
17．A. drivingB. ridingC. runningD. walking
18．A. assessB. cverC. surveyD. measure
19．A. fliesB. returnsC. snakesD. disappears
20．A. chicesB. chancesC. situatinsD. expectatins
21．A. invlvedB. encuragedC. relievedD. cnvinced
22．A. cnclusinB. strategyC. attitudeD. belief
23．A. LuckilyB. StrangelyC. CasuallyD. Cheerfully
24．A. cmpetitinB. taskC. jurneyD. cperatin
25．A. btheredB. inquiredC. cmplainedD. frgt
26．A. energyB. laughterC. trustD. interest
27．A. draw ffB. take verC. help utD. push n
28．A. caughtB. brneC. bservedD. smked
29．A. cnfidentB. anxiusC. seriusD. disappinted
30．A. trainingB. accidentC. adventureD. experiment
31．A. challengesB. rewardsC. hnrsD. respnsibilities
四、短文填空
32．Fr centuries, glbalizatin was largely shaped by the sea. While Western natins rapidly develped thrugh clnial expansin (殖民扩张), landlcked natins were trapped ① a cycle f pverty
Over the past decade, a trans frmative initiative ② (launch) t break this cycle and is recvering the ecnmies f inland cuntries—the Belt and Rad Initiative (“一带一路”), ③ was established in 2013. This netwrk has brught tgether the ecnmies f East Asia and develped Eurpe with the vast hinterland cuntries, ④ (result) in increased ecnmic and trade exchanges, the grwth f bming cities, and the emergence f a new center f glbal ecnmic grwth.
By tackling infrastructure differences in develping cuntries, ⑤ initiative is helping break bstacles that have lng limited their develpment. The China-Las Railway realizes⑥ the La peple lng dreamed f—transfrming their cuntry frm a landlcked ne int a land-linked center. It has als facilitated the ⑦ (adpt) f clean energy in Africa, helping it avid the pllutin ⑧ (assciate) with Western industrializatin.
The Belt and Rad Initiative has attracted the participatin f mre than three-quarters f cuntries⑨ (glbal), substantially imprving the lives f 30% f the wrld’s ppulatin. Fr China, everything these cuntries gain frm ⑩ (it) help is a gain fr the wrld.
五、书面表达
33．假定你是李华，你校的英语报正在征稿。请你结合以下名人名言，写一篇题为“My Understanding f Optimism”的征文。
“The pessimist sees difficulty in every pprtunity; the ptimist sees pprtunity in every difficult.”
—Winstn Churchill
内容包括：1.你对该名言的理解;
2.结合生活实例;
3.你对该名言的感悟。
注意：1.写作词数应为80词左右(名言不计入总词数);
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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六、读后续写
34．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I was a brke university student. I shuld have been ging t university n a schlarship because I came frm a lw-incme family, but a last-minute £100-a-year pay rise fr my mum pushed my family ver the threshld (门槛) fr what defined “lw-incme” and I was suddenly n lnger qualified fr £15,000 a year in schlarship mney. This news came after I’d been accepted by the university and signed the lease (租约) fr my accmmdatin.
Despite my family nt being labelled lw-incme anymre, I still wuldn’t receive any financial supprt frm my family as all the incme went tward taking care f my disabled brther and paying their wn bills. It wuld be tight, but because I had savings frm my part-time jb, I decided t g t university anyway. After paying my rent, I had £10.20 a week fr everything else including fd, tiletries, and schl supplies.
As I was in a new city, I really wanted t make friends, which was difficult when mst f the scial activities were expensive. Therefre, I jumped at the chance t d a relatively cheap cffee shp trip with my rmmates wh were pleasant t me.
I had £20 with me t get a cheap cup f cffee and my fd shpping fr a few weeks. S I headed fr the cffee shp. While paying, I pulled ut the nte and a handful f change and realized I culd pay withut breaking the nte, s I put it back in my pcket. It wasn’t until I arrived at the supermarket that I realized the nte was gne. What shuld I d? I was desperate it was the equivalent (相等物) f tw weeks f mney. My rmmates helped me lk fr the nte. Hwever, it was in vain. Finally, I went t schl empty-handed.
注意：
(1) 续写词数应为150词左右；
(2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
P1: As a final attempt, I messaged the cffee shp’s Facebk page asking if they’d seen it.
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P2: I said, “Oh, isn’t mine; my nte was an ld wrn ne.”
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参考答案
1．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据Key Infrmatin中“●Csts:Schl fees are free f charge. Participants will receive supprt fr their travel, accmmdatin and living csts.（●费用:学费全免。参加者将获得旅费、住宿费和生活费的资助。）”可知，冬季课程不需要学费。故选B。
2．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Hw t Apply中“Alng with the applicatin frm, please submit yur CV and mtivatin letter, yur transcript f recrds as well as prf f enrllment(注册)at ne f the Circle U. universities.（在提交申请表的同时，请提交您的简历和动机信，您的成绩单以及Circle U大学之一的入学证明。）”可知，入学证明应该包含在申请材料中。故选A。
3．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据Curse Descriptin中“●Tgether with Circle U. students, yu will nt nly learn abut basic cncepts f climate science, but als discver the ptential f mitigatin(缓解)actins, as well as the dynamics f climate plitics.（与Circle U的学生一起，你不仅会学到气候科学的基本概念，还会发现减缓行动的潜力，以及气候政治的动态。）”可知，参与者通过课程获得深入了解气候科学的基础知识。故选C。
4．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“As the researchers pint ut, we live in an attentin ecnmy where cntent prducers n the Internet cmpete fr ur attentin. They attract us with a lt f emtinal and eye-catching stries while prviding little useful infrmatin, s they can expse us t prfit-generating advertisements. Therefre, we are n lnger custmers but prducts, and each link we click is a sale f ur time and attentin.(正如研究人员指出的那样, 我们生活在一个注意力经济中, 互联网上的内容生产者在争夺我们的注意力。他们用大量的情感和引人注目的故事来吸引我们, 而提供的有用信息却很少, 所以他们可以让我们接触到盈利的广告。因此, 我们不再是客户而是产品, 我们点击的每一个链接都是在销售我们的时间和注意力)”可知, 在注意力经济中, 可以让我们接触到盈利的广告, 它从每次点击中寻求利润。故选D项。
5．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Successful dieters need t keep unhealthy fd ut f their hmes. Likewise, we need t set up a digital envirnment where attentin-grabbing items are kept ut f sight. As with dieting, if ne tries t bank n willpwer nt t click eye-catching “news,” he’ll surely fail. S, it’s better t just keep them ut f sight t begin with.(成功的节食者需要把不健康的食物远离他们的家。同样, 我们需要建立一个数字环境, 让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线。就像节食一样, 如果一个人试图依靠意志力不去点击引人注目的“新闻”, 他肯定会失败。所以, 最好一开始就把它们藏起来)”可推知, 作者在第三段提到节食者, 是为了强调, 我们需要建立一个让那些吸引眼球的东西远离我们的视线数字环境, 展示环境的重要性。故选C项。
6．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Trlls are actrs wh intentinally spread false and hurtful infrmatin nline t cause harm. It may be appealing t respnd t them t set the facts straight, but trlls just care abut annying thers rather than facts. S, it’s best nt t reward their bad behaviur with ur attentin.(喷子是指故意在网上传播虚假和有害信息以造成伤害的行为者。回复他们澄清事实可能很有吸引力, 但喷子只关心惹恼别人, 而不是事实。所以, 最好不要用我们的关注来奖励他们的坏行为)”可知, 对付网络喷子, 我们最好对他们充耳不闻。故选B项。
7．答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“But in the digital age, accrding t Anastasia Kzyreva, a psychlgist at the Max Planck Institute f Human Develpment, and her clleagues, an even mre imprtant skill is critical ignring.(但根据马克斯·普朗克人类发展研究所的心理学家阿纳斯塔西娅·科兹列娃和她的同事们的说法, 在数字时代, 一项更重要的技能是批判性忽视)”以及第三段“Accrding t Kzyreva, critical ignring cmprises three strategies.(Kzyreva认为, 批判性忽视包括三种策略)”后文具体介绍这三种策略, 所以本文主要讲述了在数字时代练习批判性忽视的技巧。故选B项。
8．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“S-called beta cells in the pancreas (胰腺) can generate insulin. (胰腺中所谓的β细胞可以产生胰岛素)”可知beta cells的功能是产生胰岛素。故选B。
9．答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“ S what if these peple were given antivirals — in this case, plecnaril and ribavirin — t rid the pancreas f these infectins?(那么，如果给这些人服用抗病毒药物—在这种情况下，是普莱纳尔和利巴韦林—来清除胰腺的这些感染呢？)”可知，新药物是通过消除胰腺的感染来治疗糖尿病的。故选A。
10．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段c肽水平和胰岛素分泌能力的关系“Mynarek’s grup tracked C-peptides levels in the bld, which “mirrr the insulin prductin in the pancreas,” implying that the higher a child’s C-peptide levels n tests, the better their pancreas was prducing insulin. (Mynarek的研究小组追踪了血液中的c肽水平，它“反映了胰腺中胰岛素的产生”，这意味着在测试中，孩子的c肽水平越高，他们的胰腺分泌胰岛素的能力就越强)”以及研究结果“Accrding t their findings, while C-peptide levels drpped a full 24% in children wh received the placeb, it fell by just 11% in thse wh gt the antivirals. That suggests the treatment helped prtect the child’s pancreatic beta cells frm destructin. (根据他们的发现，服用安慰剂的儿童c肽水平下降了整整24%，而服用抗病毒药物的儿童c肽水平只下降了11%)”可知，研究表明，服用抗病毒药物的儿童c肽水平较高，即他们可分泌更多的胰岛素。故选C。
11．答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“Nw, a new trial finds antiviral medicatins, when given sn after a child is diagnsed with type 1 diabetes (糖尿病), might help preserve thse vital beta (β) cells. (现在，一项新的试验发现，在孩子被诊断为1型糖尿病后立即给予抗病毒药物，可能有助于保护那些至关重要的β细胞)”可知这篇文章是一项研究，研究表明服用抗病毒药物对诊断为1型糖尿病的儿童有帮助。由此可知，D选项“Antiviral medicines culd help ease Type l diabetes(抗病毒药物可以帮助缓解1型糖尿病)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
12．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话“Nw the undergrund heat is building up as the planet warms. (现在随着地球变暖，地下热量正在积聚)”可知，“城市热岛”是受到全球气候变暖的影响。故选B。
13．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中 Alessandr F. Rtta Lria所说的““There might have been structural issues caused by this undergrund climate change that happened, and we didn’t even realize(发生的这种地下气候变化可能已经造成了建筑结构上的问题，我们甚至没有意识到)”以及最后一句话“While nt an immediate r direct danger t human lives, this previusly unknwn effect highlights the impacts f a lesser-knwn cmpnent f climate change.(虽然这不是对人类生命的直接或直接威胁，但这种以前未知的影响突显了气候变化中一个鲜为人知的组成部分的影响)”可推知，提出“无声的危险”是想强调地下气候变暖这一被人忽略的事实。故选D。
14．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“But ther researchers interviewed fr this stry all say this wasted energy culd als be recycled, presenting an pprtunity t bth cl the subsurface and save n energy csts. Subway tunnels and basements culd be updated with technlgies t recapture the heat. Fr example, water pipes culd be installed t run thrugh undergrund htspts and pick up sme f the heat energy.(但接受采访的其他研究人员都表示，这些浪费的能源也可以回收利用，这为冷却地下和节省能源成本提供了机会。地铁隧道和地下室可以更新技术以重新获取热量。例如，可以安装水管穿过地下热点并吸收一些热能)”可知，该段是介绍针对地下气候变暖提出了潜在的解决方案，即可以通过更新地铁隧道和地下室的相关技术来回收利用热能，并举例了可通过安装水管这种方法来获取热能。由此推知，接下来应该是介绍对这种热能的再使用方法。故选B。
15．答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。通过归纳各段大意可知，本文是介绍地下气候变暖对城市地面建筑的负面影响的隐蔽性与长期性，以及介绍潜在的解决方案。由此可知，“地下变暖，地表变弱”适合作本文的标题。故选A。
16．答案：EDBAG
解析：①根据上文“Teens experience significant physical, emtinal, scial and cgnitive changes. And teens f tday face mre challenges as they g thrugh mre uncertain times f the 21st century.(青少年经历了重大的身体、情感、社会和认知变化。今天的青少年面临着更多的挑战，因为他们经历了21世纪更多的不确定时期)”及下文“Cnstant cmparisn and endless psts f picture — perfect images and lives give teens greater pressure t fllw current fashin trends.(不断的比较和没完没了的完美形象和生活的照片的帖子给了青少年更大的压力去追随当前的时尚潮流)”和“Statistics shw that mst cases f cyber bullying take place n ppular scial media sites such as Facebk, Instagram, Snapchats and Twitter, where cyber bullies make emtinally scarring cmments.(统计数据显示，大多数网络欺凌案件发生在Facebk、Instagram、Snapchats和Twitter等热门社交媒体网站上，网络欺凌者在这些网站上发表情感上的言论)”可知，E. Scial media, and technlgical advances are psing new challenges.(社交媒体和技术进步带来了新的挑战)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选E。
②根据上文“In the past, a teen wh was criticized fr his r her larger figure r pimpled (有粉刺的) face, might feel embarrassed and dejected in schl.(在过去，一个青少年如果因为他或她的身材大或脸上有粉刺而被批评，在学校里可能会感到尴尬和沮丧)”可知，此处讲述过去青少年在学校遇到的挑战。由此可知，D. Tday, these same sufferings can be expanded by scial media.(今天，同样的痛苦可以通过社交媒体扩大)能够衔接上文，形成今昔对比，同时引起下文“Cnstant cmparisn and endless psts f picture — perfect images and lives give teens greater pressure t fllw current fashin trends.(不断的比较和没完没了的完美形象和生活的照片的帖子给了青少年更大的压力去追随当前的时尚潮流)”，符合语境。故选D。
③根据上文“Cnstant cmparisn and endless psts f picture- perfect images and lives give teens greater pressure t fllw current fashin trends. The Wall Street Jurnal reprted that Instagram made bdy images wrse fr ne in three teenage girls.(不断的比较和没完没了的完美形象和生活的照片的帖子给了青少年更大的压力去追随当前的时尚潮流。《华尔街日报》报道称，Instagram让三分之一的少女的身体形象变得更糟)”可知，社交媒体给青少年带来很大的压力。再根据下文“Statistics shw that mst cases f cyber bullying take place n ppular scial media sites such as Facebk, Instagram, Snapchats and Twitter, where cyber bullies make emtinally scarring cmments.(统计数据显示，大多数网络欺凌案件发生在Facebk、Instagram、Snapchats和Twitter等热门社交媒体网站上，网络欺凌者在这些网站上发表情感上的言论)”可知，B. Furthermre, scial media has taken bullying t a new level.(此外，社交媒体将欺凌行为推向了一个新的高度)能够承上启下，继续讲述社交媒体带来的负面影响，同时引出欺凌行为的话题，符合语境。故选B。
④根据上文“Statistics shw that mst cases f cyber bullying take place n ppular scial media sites such as Facebk, Instagram, Snapchats and Twitter, where cyber bullies make emtinally scarring cmments. These can be made publicly n a teen’s scial media accunt.(统计数据显示，大多数网络欺凌案件发生在Facebk、Instagram、Snapchats和Twitter等热门社交媒体网站上，网络欺凌者在这些网站上发表情感创伤评论。这些可以在青少年的社交媒体账户上公开发布)”可知，网络欺凌者在社交媒体账户上公开发布情感创伤评论。由此可知，A. They can als be spread quickly by sharing with thers.(它们也可以通过与他人分享而迅速传播)能够衔接上文，其中选项中的They指代上文中的emtinally scarring cmments，符合语境。故选A。
⑤根据上文“There have been many discussins abut new technlgies and ways f wrking, such as artificial intelligence (AI) and autmatin, which will impact future jbs.(关于新技术和工作方式的讨论很多，比如人工智能(AI)和自动化，这将影响未来的工作)”可知，此处指出新技术和工作方式将影响未来的工作。根据下文“Unlike in the past, the situatin is different tday as AI and autmatin are causing sme jbs t disappear. Teens will have t meet this challenge by adpting an attitude f lifelng learning, and keeping paces with technlgy.(与过去不同，随着人工智能和自动化导致一些工作岗位消失，今天的情况有所不同。青少年必须采取终身学习的态度，跟上科技的步伐，以迎接这一挑战)”可知，此处提出了青少年应该怎样迎接新挑战。由此可知，G. The challenge fr a teen tday is preparing fr a largely unknwn future.(当今青少年面临的挑战是为一个基本上未知的未来做准备)能够承上启下，符合语境。故选G。
17．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有比亲自步行欣赏每一个壮观的景色更好的方式了。A. driving驾驶；B. riding骑行；C. running跑步；D. walking步行。根据上文“yur wn hard”和下文作者描述的具体经历，如拿地图、在溪流上建造水坝和桥梁、攀爬、游泳、背背包等可知，作者一家是在山中进行徒步旅行，因此此处指通过亲自步行去欣赏壮丽景色。故选D。
18．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和丈夫威尔Will、两个孩子5岁的Herbie和11岁的Artley计划在两周内走完Jhn Muir步道的北半段，这条步道沿着高山山脉的主干蜿蜒而行，经过湖泊，穿过土灰色的松树林。A. assess评估；B. cver行走（一段路程）；C. survey调查；D. measure测量。根据下文“the nrthern half f the Jhn Muir trail in tw weeks”和作者描述的具体徒步经历可知，此处表示走完Jhn Muir步道的北半段。故选B。
19．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和丈夫威尔Will、两个孩子5岁的Herbie和11岁的Artley计划在两周内走完Jhn Muir步道的北半段，这条步道沿着高山山脉的主干蜿蜒而行，经过湖泊，穿过土灰色的松树林。A. flies飞翔；B. returns返回；C. snakes蜿蜒前进；D. disappears消失。分析句子可知，此处which引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the Jhn Muir trail作补充说明，描述的是这条步道的情况，因此应该是沿着高山山脉的主干蜿蜒而行。故选C。
20．答案：D
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们在开始之前设定了期望：这将是艰难的，但值得。A. chices选择；B. chances机会；C. situatins情况；D. expectatins期望。根据下文“this wuld be tugh, but wrth it”可知，这次步行将是艰难的，但值得，这是一家人设定的期望。故选D。
21．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了让孩子们更多地参与进来，我们让他们拿着地图，自己决定什么时候停下来休息。A. invlved参与的；B. encuraged受鼓励的；C. relieved放心的；D. cnvinced确信的。根据下文“we let them have the map and decide when t stp and rest”可知，作者夫妇让孩子们自己拿地图，自己决定休息的时间，由此推知，他们的目的是让孩子更多参与到步行中来。故选A。
22．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，这一策略也导致Herbie在第一天几乎站在一条4英尺长的蛇身上。A. cnclusin结论；B. strategy策略；C. attitude态度；D. belief信念。根据上文“we let them have the map and decide when t stp and rest”可知，作者夫妇让孩子们自己拿地图，自己决定休息的时间，这是一种家庭教育的策略。故选B。
23．答案：A
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，当时是清晨，蛇半睡半醒。A. Luckily幸运地；B. Strangely奇怪地；C. Casually随便地；D. Cheerfully愉快地。根据下文“it was early mrning and the snake was half asleep”可知，虽然Herbie不小心站到蛇身上，但是蛇半睡半醒，没有造成伤害，因此是幸运的。故选A。
24．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：两个星期以来，孩子们都很享受这次旅行。A. cmpetitin竞争；B. task任务；C. jurney旅行；D. cperatin合作。根据上文作者描述的一家人在山中进行徒步可知，此处指这一次的旅行。故选C。
25．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时，他们拒绝携带背包，并抱怨脚疼。A. bthered烦扰；B. inquired询问；C. cmplained抱怨；D. frgt忘记。根据上文“they refused t carry their packs”可知，徒步的过程中也有一些麻烦，孩子们拒绝携带背包，结合下文“abut feet hurting”可推知，他们还会抱怨脚疼。故选C。
26．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，非凡的精力和热情的爆发远远超过了这些时刻—特别是当我们在山上挣扎了几个小时，山顶终于出现在我们的视野中时，我们的孩子甚至决定我们需要继续前进。A. energy精力；B. laughter笑声；C. trust信任；D. interest兴趣。根据下文“and enthusiasm”以及作者一家人在进行徒步旅行可推知，长时间的徒步旅行并不轻松，对生理和心理都是挑战，拥有充沛的精力和热情的人才能战胜困难。故选A。
27．答案：D
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是，非凡的精力和热情的爆发远远超过了这些时刻—特别是当我们在山上挣扎了几个小时，山顶终于出现在我们的视野中时，我们的孩子甚至决定我们需要继续前进。A. draw ff撤离；B. take ver接管；C. help ut帮助；D. push n继续推进。根据上文“But these mments were far utweighed by extrardinary bursts f _____ and enthusiasm”和“even”可推知，此处表示程度更进一步，虽然一家人遇到了困难，但是看到山顶的时候，孩子们甚至决定继续前进。故选D。
28．答案：B
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们完成的时候，我们已经忍受了无数的蚊子，忍受着脚痛，睡得很不好。A. caught抓住；B. brne容忍；C. bserved观察；D. smked吸烟。根据下文“cuntless msquites, suffered ft pain and had terrible sleep”可推知，山中的环境是艰苦的，一家人需要忍受无数的蚊子。故选B。
29．答案：A
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我们有理由对孩子的能力充满信心。A. cnfident自信的；B. anxius焦虑的；C. serius严肃的；D. disappinted失望的。根据上文孩子们完成徒步旅行，并且在困难的时候也决定坚持，以及下文“abut ur kids’ abilities”可推知，作者会因此对孩子的能力充满信心。故选A。
30．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望，通过这次冒险，他们会明白自己真正的能力是什么，坚持不懈如何带来更大的回报，以及被鼓励和支持的感觉是什么，这样他们就能取得伟大的成就。A. training训练；B. accident事故；C. adventure冒险；D. experiment实验。根据上文作者描述的徒步经历可知，这是一次冒险。故选C。
31．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望，通过这次冒险，他们会明白自己真正的能力是什么，坚持不懈如何带来更大的回报，以及被鼓励和支持的感觉是什么，这样他们就能取得伟大的成就。A. challenges挑战；B. rewards回报；C. hnrs荣誉；D. respnsibilities责任。根据上文徒步过程中，一家人通过坚持，战胜困难，看到山顶，享受到美丽的景色可推知，此处指坚持不懈带来更大的回报。故选B。
32．答案：in；has been launched；which；resulting；the；what；adptin；assciated；glbally；its
解析：①考查介词。句意：当西方国家通过殖民扩张迅速发展的时候，内陆国家却陷入了贫困的循环。be trapped in“被困于……”，为固定搭配，故填in。
②考查动词时态。句意：过去10年，一项旨在打破这种循环的变革性举措已经启动，目前正在恢复内陆国家的经济—2013年成立的一带一路举措。根据本句的时间状语Over the past decade可知此处应该用现在完成时，且句子主语与launch之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是单数，助动词应用has。故填has been launched。
③考查定语从句。句意：过去10年，一项旨在打破这种循环的变革性举措已经启动，目前正在恢复内陆国家的经济——2013年成立的一带一路举措。根据句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Belt and Rad Initiative，指物，且关系词在主句中作主语，应用which引导的非限制性定语从句。故填which。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：欧洲与广大内陆国家的经贸往来日益增多，城市蓬勃发展，并出现了新的全球经济增长中心。根据句子结构可知，此处应用现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填resulting。
⑤考查冠词。句意：通过解决发展中国家的基础设施差异，该倡议正在帮助打破长期限制其发展的障碍。根据句意可知，此处特指“一带一路”倡议，应用定冠词the。故填the。
⑥考查宾语从句。句意：中老铁路实现了老挝人民长期以来的梦想——把他们的国家从一个内陆国家转变为一个陆地相连的中心。根据句子结构可知，此处应引导宾语从句，作realizes的宾语，且在从句作dreamed f的宾语，指物，应用what引导宾语从句，故填what。
⑦考查名词。句意：它还促进了非洲采用清洁能源，帮助非洲避免了与西方工业化相关的污染。根据空前的the和空后的f可知此处应该填名词adptin作宾语，为不可数名词。故填adptin。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意：它还促进了非洲采用清洁能源，帮助非洲避免了与西方工业化相关的污染。根据句意可知此处应该为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰pllutin，且动词assciate和pllutin是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填assciated。
⑨考查副词。句意：一带一路倡议吸引了全球四分之三以上国家的参与，大大改善了世界30%人口的生活。根据句意可知此处应该填副词作状语。故填glbally。
⑩考查代词。句意：对中国来说，这些国家从中国的帮助中获得的一切都是世界的收获。此处应该用形容词性的物主代词，作定语，修饰名词help。故填its。
33．答案：
My Understanding f Optimism
The famus qute “The pessimist sees difficulty in every pprtunity; the ptimist sees pprtunity in every difficulty” is taken as a mtt by many peple as an illustratin f the pwer f ptimism in a tight crner. It’s the same with me.
When I was revising fr the first Cllege Entrance Exam, it was s frustrating that I failed t d well in almst all mck exams. Initially I thught I wuld never make it, hwever, it was my parents wh cheered me up frm time t time and inspired me t lk n the bright side. They cnvinced me that the lessns I learned frm these temprarily depressing scres wuld undubtedly becme a stepping stne t my dream schl. The different perspective f difficulty was t prve successful, which kept me full f energy t hunt fr pprtunities t imprve myself befre the final exam.
Thinking back n thse days gives rise t my reflectin. Difficulty is inevitable in ur lifelng jurney. Despite the wrst dds, we must g n adventures t find ut where the pprtunities truly are.
解析：本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，你校的英语报正在征稿。请你结合以下名人名言，写一篇题为“My Understanding f Optimism”的征文。
【详解】1.词汇积累
机会：pprtunity→chance
首先：initially→firstly
令人沮丧的：frustrating→discuraging
尽管：despite→in spite f
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Thinking back n thse days gives rise t my reflectin. Difficulty is inevitable in ur lifelng jurney.
拓展句：Thinking back n thse days gives rise t my reflectin that difficulty is inevitable in ur lifelng jurney.
[高分句型1] When I was revising fr the first Cllege Entrance Exam, it was s frustrating that I failed t d well in almst all mck exams. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] The different perspective f difficulty was t prve successful, which kept me full f energy t hunt fr pprtunities t imprve myself befre the final exam. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
34．答案：
As a final attempt, I messaged the cffee shp’s Facebk page asking if they’d seen it. Least expecting a reply frm them, I lgged ff with enrmus disheartenment and cntinuus self-blame. Hw I wished I was careful enugh s that the nte wuld nt slip ut withut my ntice. Hwever, five minutes, an alert frm Facebk brke ff my negative thughts. “Yes, we indeed fund a 20-dllar nte. Please cme ASAP!” The abve wrds frm the cffee shp instantly fueled me with energy. Withut hesitatin, I rushed back with a rapturus heart. Hardly had I entered the shp when a sweet-lking barista handed me a shiny 20-dllar nte and asked tentatively, “Sir, is it yurs?”
I said, “Oh, ... This isn’t mine; my nte was an ld wrn ne.” Beaming a mst radiant smile, the barista explained gently that this nte was frm my mst kind-hearted rmmates, wh, after witnessing my despair and devastatin, wuld like t extend a helping hand. Hearing this, I felt a surge f warmth swelled up in my heart and my eyes were instantly mistened with grateful tears. Yes, life might be hard fr me in a new city. But with the unreserved genersity and unwavering supprt frm my rmmate, I knew I culd pull thrugh any difficulty and rise t any challenge. Indeed, life is nt a bed f rses, but lve frm my rmmates make the wrld g arund. Plus, I am bund t pay frward their kindness by helping mre needy peple like me.
解析：本篇文章以人物和故事发展为线索展开。作者家庭贫困，但因为母亲的年薪多了100美元而失去了申请奖学金的资格。虽然家里无法给作者提供经济支持，但作者决定靠赚来的兼职收入支付大学费用。作者在学校里渴望交朋友，但很多活动都很费钱，所以作者选择了和室友一起喝咖啡这种便宜的出行活动。后来作者发现自己的20美元钞票不见了，这相当于作者两周的生活费，但作者和室友却无论如何都找不到了。作者抱着一丝希望在咖啡店的Facebk上留言，然后很快就收到了咖啡店的回复，但作者去认领钱时发现这不是自己的那张钱，原来是室友悄悄让咖啡店给作者的。这件事让作者很感动，不再害怕在新城市中的生活，因为有一群慷慨有爱的室友。
【详解】1. 续写线索：
①由续写第一段首句“作为最后一次尝试，我在咖啡店的Facebk页面上发了一条信息，问他们是否看到了。”可知，第一段可以描写发完消息后作者收到了咖啡店的回复，上面说找到了作者的钱，于是作者快速过去取钱，去了之后店员拿出一张20美元询问是否属于他。
②由续写第二段首句“我说：‘哦，……这不是我的，我的钞票是一张破旧的。’”可知，第二段可以描写店员解释说这张钱是室友给的，室友的善意让作者非常感动。
2. 段落续写：
在咖啡店Facebk上询问—内心很沮丧—Facebk上回复找到了作者的钱—作者去店里取钱—店员拿着钞票询问作者—作者说不是自己的钱—店员解释了这张钱的来源—作者内心很感动
3. 词汇积累：
行为类
①打断：break ff/interrupt
②伸出援手：extend a helping hand/reach ut/help ut/cme t ne’s assistance
③渡过难关：pull thrugh difficulty/g thrugh difficulty
情绪类
①沮丧：disheartenment/frustratin/depressin
②兴高采烈的：rapturus/cheerful/delighted
③感激的：grateful/thankful
【高分句型1】Hw I wished I was careful enugh s that the nte wuld nt slip ut withut my ntice.(使用了感叹句以及s that引导状语从句)
【高分句型2】Hardly had I entered the shp when a sweet-lking barista handed me a shiny 20-dllar nte and asked tentatively, “Sir, is it yurs?”(使用了Hardly…when…句型和倒装句)
【高分句型3】Beaming a mst radiant smile, the barista explained gently that this nte was frm my mst kind-hearted rmmates, wh, after witnessing my despair and devastatin, wuld like t extend a helping hand.(使用了现在分词作状语、that引导宾语从句、wh引导非限制性定语从句、动名词作宾语、不定式作宾语)