高考英语 考点知识专讲专练（有答案）考点42 阅读理解推理判断题

这是一份高考英语 考点知识专讲专练（有答案）考点42 阅读理解推理判断题，共38页。

提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。
这种问题的提问方式通常有：
1.Frm paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred frm the passage? / Frm the last paragraph we can infer that .
2.We can infer frm the text that…/ What can we learn frm…? / We can cnclude frm the
passage that…
3.The last sentence f the first paragraph mst prbably implies that.
4.The authr implies that by the year 2080, .
5.T slve the present scial prblems the authr suggests that we shuld.
6.The authr mentins the fact that…t shw.
7. This passage wuld mst likely be fund in _________?
8.The authr’s attitude tward …is _________?
9. The tne f the passage can best be described as _________?
这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点：
1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
2.要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。
3.要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。
4. 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。
5.在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。
推理判断题常见有以下形式：
1．细节推断题
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等。考生要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，抓住关键的信息词，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。
（2019·新课标I卷，B） Fr Canaan Elementary’s secnd grade in Patchgue, N.Y.，tday is speech day ,and right nw it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-ld is the jker f the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the f kid wh wuld enjy public speaking.
But he’s, nervus.“I’m here t tell yu tday why yu shuld … shuld…”Chris trips n the“-ld,”a. prnunciatin difficulty fr many nn-native English speakers. His teacher ,Thmas Whaley ,is next t him, whispering supprt.“…Vte fr …me …”Except fr sme stumbles, Chris is ding amazingly well. When he brings his speech t a nice cnclusin ,Whaley invites the rest f the class t praise him.
A sn f immigrants, Chris stared learning English a little ver three years ag. Whaley recalls(回想起)hw at the beginning f the year，when called upn t read，Chris wuld excuse himself t g t the bathrm.
Learning English as a secnd language can be a painful experience. What yu need is a great teacher wh lets yu make mistakes. “It takes a lt fr any student，” Whaley explains，“especially fr a student wh is learning English as their new language，t feel cnfident enugh t say，‘I dn’t knw，but I want t knw.’”
Whaley gt the idea f this secnd-grade presidential campaign prject when he asked the children ne day t raise their hands if they thught they culd never be a president. The answer brke his heart. Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast(夸耀)abut themselves.
“Basting abut yurself，and yur best qualities,” Whaley says，“is very difficult fr a child wh came int the classrm nt feeling cnfident.”
26. We can infer that the purpse f Whaley’s prject is t _________.
A. help students see their wn strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students fr their future jbs
D. inspire students’ lve fr plitics
27. Which f the fllwing best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A. Humrus.B. Ambitius.C. Caring.D. Demanding.
【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，讲述Thmas Whaley为了帮助学生学英语以及树立信心专门开展了一个演讲课程。
26.A
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley says the prject is abut mre than just learning t read and speak in public. He wants these kids t learn t bast abut themselves.以及最后一段 “basting abut yurself, and yur best qualities,” Whaley says, “is very difficult fr a child wh came int the classrm nt feeling cnfident.”可知，这个课程不仅仅教孩子阅读以及公共演讲，还要让孩子学会夸耀自己，而夸耀自己对于那些进入教室没有信心的学生来说很困难，故可知，Whaley老师这么做是为了帮助学生认识自己的优势增加信心，故选A。
27.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Whaley gt the idea f this secnd-grade presidential campaign prject when he asked the children ne day t raise their hands if they thught they culd never be a president.和最后一段He wants these kids t learn t bast abut themselves可知，当他有一天问学生认为自己当不了总统请举手的时候，想到了一个想法，这个课程就是帮助学生树立自己的信心，故可以看出这位老师很关心学生的成长。humrus 幽默的， ambitius 有雄心壮志的；caring 关心的；demanding要求高的。故选C。
2．因果推断题
要求考生根据已知结果推测导致结果的可能原因或根据已有的原因推断可能的结果。考生要准确掌握文章的内涵，理解文章的真正含义。最关键的是要找准事物间存在的因果关系信息，根据已有信息，进行分析判断推理，从而推出最符合逻辑的原因或判断出最可能导致的结果。
（2019·全国卷III，C）
Befre the 1830smst newspapers were sld thrugh annual subscriptins in America, usually $8 t $10 a year. Tday $8 r $10 seems a small amunt f mney, but at that time these amunts were frbidding t mst citizens. Accrdingly, newspapers were read almst nly by rich peple in plitics r the trades. In additin, mst newspapers had little in them that wuld appeal t a mass audience. They were dull and visually frbidding. But the revlutin that was taking place in the 1830s wuld change all that.
The trend, then, was tward the "penny paper"-a term referring t papers made widely available t the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps mre imprtantly it meant newspapers that culd be bught in single cpies n the street.
This develpment did nt take place vernight. It had been pssible(but nt easy)t buy single cpies f newspapers befre 1830,but this usually meant the reader had t g dwn t the printer's ffice t purchase a cpy. Street sales were almst unknwn. Hwever, within a few years, street sales f newspapers wuld be cmmnplace in eastern cities. At first the price f single cpies was seldm a penny-usually tw r three cents was charged-and sme f the lder well-knwn papers charged five r six cents. But the phrase "penny paper " caught the public's fancy, and sn there wuld be papers that did indeed sell fr nly a penny.
This new trend f newspapers fr "the man n the street" did nt begin well. Sme f the early ventures(企业)were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, peple wh were wners f successful papers, had little desire t change the traditin. It tk a few yuthful and daring businessmen t get the ball rlling.
29. What did street sales mean t newspapers?
A. They wuld be priced higher.B. They wuld disappear frm cities.
C. They culd have mre readers.D. They culd regain public trust.
31. What can we say abut the birth f the penny paper?
A. It was a difficult prcess.B. It was a temprary success.
C. It was a rbbery f the pr.D. It was a disaster fr printers.
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。文章叙述了“便士报纸”的诞生历史。
29.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段提到“便士报纸”针对大众，很便宜的。更重要的是，在街上可以买的到报纸。 结合第三段中间的“streets sales f newspapers wuld be cmmnplaced in eastern cities”可知，报纸的街头销售随处可见。由此可推断出，街头销售意味读报纸的多了。分析选项可知C符合题，故选C。
31.A
【解析】推理判断题。第二段“The trend, then, was ‘penny paper’”及最后一段“The new trend f newspapers fr ‘the man n the street’ did nt begin well. Sme f the early ventures were immediately failures. Publishers already in business, peple wh wners f successful papers, had little desires t change the traditin. It tk a few yuthful and daring businessmen t get the ball rlling.”可知，“便士报纸”新趋势一开始并不好，一些早期的尝试立即失败了。已经进入商业领域的成功的出版商，并不想改变这一传统。后来一些年轻而大胆的商人才推动了这件事。由此可推断出“便士报纸”的诞生是一个困难而曲折的过程。分析选项可知，A项符合题意，故选A。
3．人物性格、心情处境、态度及观点等推断题
高考阅读测试中有些题目考查学生对文章作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作用或文中人物的态度、观点等方面的理解。做这一类题时一定注意：
（1）由表及里地准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想法或观点代替作者的思想观点。
（2）特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感情，态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措辞，尤其是感情色彩的形容词。
（3）能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识来识别评价。
Parents shuld stp blaming themselves because there’s nt a lt they can d abut it. I mean the teenager (十几岁的孩子) prblem. Whatever yu d r hwever yu chse t deal with it, at certain times a wnderful, reasnable and helpful child will turn int a terrible animal.
I’ve seen friends deal with it in all kinds f different ways. One strict mther insisted that her sn, right frm a child, shuld stand up whenever anyne entered the rm, pen drs and shake hands like a gentleman. I saw him last week when I called rund. Sprawling himself (懒散地躺) n the sfa in full length, he made n attempt t turn ff the lud TV he was watching as I walked in, and his greeting was n mre than a quick glance at me. His mther was ashamed. “I dn’t knw what t d with him these days,” she said. “He’s frgtten all the manners we taught him.”
He hasn’t frgtten them. He’ s just decided that he’ s nt ging t use them. She cnfessed (坦白) that she wuld like t cme up behind him and thrw him dwn frm the sfa nt the flr.
Anther gd friend f mine let her tw daughters climb all ver the furniture, reach acrss the table, stare at me and say, “I dn’t like yur dress; it’s ugly.” One f the daughters has recently been driven ut f schl. The ther has left hme.
“Where did we g wrng?” her parents are nw very sad. Prbably nwhere much. At least, n mre than the rest f that unfrtunate race, parents.
1. The by n the sfa wuld mst prbably be described as ______.
A. lazy B. quiet C. unusual D. rude
2. Frm the secnd example we can infer that the parents f the tw daughters ______.
A. pay n attentin t them B. are t busy t lk after them
C. have cme t hate them D. feel helpless t d much abut them
3. What is the authr’s pinin abut the sudden change in teenage children?
A. Parents have n chice but t try t accept it.
B. Parents shuld pay still sre attentin t the change.
C. Parents shuld wrk mre clsely with schl teachers.
D. Parents are at fault fr the change in their children.
【答案与解析】
1.D 此题属于对人物性格的推断，根据文中第二段“One strict mther insisted that her sn, right frm a child, shuld stand up whenever anyne entered the rm, pen drs and shake hands like a gentleman. ”以及其后的细节描述和该段最后一句话可知，以为严厉的母亲想把她的孩子培养成绅士，但是她的孩子后来对客人的表现却是不礼貌。
2. D 此题属于对“人物心情处境的推断”。根据最后一段，“‘Where did we g wrng?’ her parents are nw very sad.”一句可推测这两位父母对他们学坏的女儿无可奈何，因此正确答案为D。
3.A 此题属于“对态度及观点的推断”，文中第一句话“Parents shuld stp blaming themselves because there’s nt a lt they can d abut it.”就表明了作者的观点，父母不应当总是为此事而责怪自己。应当采取措施面对这个事情。然后最后又用了“Prbably nwhere much. At least, n mre than the rest f that unfrtunate race, parents.”做总结，表明父母们不得不接受这个不好的事实。
4．篇章结构推断题
根据不同文章的内容和写作目的，作者会采取记叙、描写、议论、说明或应用文体。作者也会采用叙述、例证、比较对照等不同的组织结构。不同文体的阅读难度、要求和任务不同，阅读方法也应不同。增强对篇章结构的理解能力有助于提高阅读质量。
Have yu ever wndered why birds sing? Maybe yu thught that they were just happy. After all, yu prbably sing r whistle when yu are happy.
Sme scientists believe that birds d sing sme f the time just because they are happy. Hwever, they sing mst f the time fr a very different reasn. Their singing is actually a warning t ther birds t stay ut f their territry.
…
1. Hw des the writer explain birds’ singing?
A. By cmparing birds with human beings.
B. By reprting experiment results.
C. By describing birds’ daily life.
D. By telling a bird’s stry.
【答案】A
【解析】由文章第一、二两段可知作者是把鸟儿和人类进行对比。
5．文章结论推断题
由具体到一般，对已知的事实进行归纳总结性推断称为结论。
（2019·北京卷，D）
By the end f the century，if nt sner，the wrld's ceans will be bluer and greener thanks t a warming climate，accrding t a new study.
At the heart f the phenmenn lie tiny marine micrrganisms(海洋微生物)called phytplanktn. Because f the way light reflects ff the rganisms，these phytplanktn create clurful patterns at the cean surface. Ocean clur varies frm green t blue，depending n the type and cncentratin f phytplanktn. Climate change will fuel the grwth f phytplanktn in sme areas，while reducing it in ther spts，leading t changes in the cean's appearance.
Phytplanktn live at the cean surface，where they pull carbn dixide(二氧化碳)int the cean while giving ff xygen. When these rganisms die，they bury carbn in the deep cean，an imprtant prcess that helps t regulate the glbal climate. But phytplanktn are vulnerable t the cean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics f the cean and can affect phytplanktn grwth，since they need nt nly sunlight and carbn dixide t grw，but als nutrients.
Stephanie Dutkiewicz，a scientist in MIT's Center fr Glbal Change Science，built a climate mdel that prjects changes t the ceans thrughut the century. In a wrld that warms up by 3℃，it fund that multiple changes t the clur f the ceans wuld ccur. The mdel prjects that currently blue areas with little phytplanktn culd becme even bluer. But in sme waters，such as thse f the Arctic，a warming will make cnditins riper fr phytplanktn，and these areas will turn greener. “Nt nly are the quantities f phytplanktn in the cean changing. ”she said，“but the type f phytplanktn is changing. ”
45. What is the main purpse f the passage？
A. T assess the cnsequences f cean clur changes
B. T analyse the cmpsitin f the cean fd chain
C. T explain the effects f climate change n ceans
D. T intrduce a new methd t study phytplanktn
【语篇解读】本文为说明文。一项最新研究表明，由于气候变暖，世界海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。这一现象是因为一种叫做浮游植物的微小海洋微生物，因为光线反射的作用，它们在海洋表面形成了五颜六色的图案。但是浮游植物很容易受到海洋变暖趋势的影响。气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征，并影响浮游植物的生长。
45. C
【解析】目的意图题。第一段提出文章的主旨“By the end f the century. If nt sner, the wrld's ceans will be bluer and greener thanks t a warming climate, accrding t a new study.”可知到本世纪末。一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，如果不尽快的话，世界上的海洋将会变得更蓝、更绿。再结合第三段“But phytplanktn are vulnerable t the cean’s warning trendWarming changes key characteristics f the cean and can affect phytplanktn grwth, …”可知，“浮游植物很容易受到海洋警告趋势的影响，变暖改变了海洋的关键特征，并能影响浮游植物的生长”。可知本文主要解释气候变化对海洋的影响。故选C。
题组一（2019年高考真题）
Passage1(2019·江苏卷，D)
The 65-year-ld Steve Gdwin was fund suffering frm early Alzheimer’s(阿尔楚海默症). He was lsing his memry.
A sftware engineer by prfessin, Steve was a keen lver f the pian, and the nly musician in his family. Music was his true passin, thugh he had never perfrmed utside the family.
Melissa, his daughter, felt it mre than wrthwhile t save his music, t which she fell asleep catch night when she was yung. She thught abut hiring a prfessinal pianist t wrk with her father.
Nami, Melissa’s best friend and a talented pianist, gt t knw abut this and shwed willingness t help.
“Why d this?” Steve wndered.
“Because she cares.” Melissa said.
Steve ndded, tears in eye.
Nami drve t the Gdwin hme. She tld Steve she’d lve t hear him play. Steve mved t the pian and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently placed his fingers n the keys.
Nami put a small recrder near the pian, Starts and stps and mistakes. Lng pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed n, playing fr the first time in his life fr a stranger.
“It was beautiful." Nami said after listening t the recrding. “The music was wrth saving.”
Her respnsibility, her privilege, wuld be t rescue it. The music was still in Steve Gdwin. It was bidden in rms with drs abut t be lcked.
Nami and Steve met every ther week and spent hurs tgether. He’d mve his fingers clumsily n the pian, and then she’d take his place. He struggled t explain what he heard in his head. He std by the pian, eyes clsed, listening fr the first time t his wn wrk being played by smene else.
Steve and Nami spke in musical cde lines, beats, intervals, mving frm the rt t end a sng in a new key. Steve heard it. All f it. He just culdn’t play it.
Wrking with Nami did wnders fr Steve. It had excited within him the belief he culd write ne last sng. One day, Nami received an email. Attached was a recrding, a recrding f lss and lve, f the fight. Steve called it “Melanchly Flwer”.
Nami heard multiple stps and starts, Steve struggling, searching while his wife Jni called him “hney” and encuraged him. The task was s hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. Jni praised him, telling her husband this culd be his signature piece.
Nami managed t figure ut 16 f Steve’s favrite, and mst persnal sngs. With Nami’s help, the Gdwin family fund a sund engineer t recrd Nami playing Steve’s sngs. Jni thught that wuld be the end. But it wasn’t.
In the mnths leading up t the 2016 Oregn Repertry Singers Christmas cncert, Nami tld the directr she had a special ne in mind: “Melanchly Flwer”
She tld the directr abut her prject with Steve. The directr agreed t add it t the playing list. But Nami wuld have t ask Steve’s permissin. He cnsidered it an hnr.
After the cncert, Nami tld the family that Steve’s music was beautiful and prfessinal. It needed t be shared in public.
The family rented a frmer church in dwntwn Prtland and scheduled a cncert. By the day f the shw, mre than 300 peple had said they wuld attend.
By then, Steve was having a hard time remembering the names f sme f his friends. He knew the path his life was nw taking. He tld his family he was at peace.
Steve arrived and sat in the frnt rw, surrunded by his family. The huse lights faded. Nami tk the stage. Her fingers. His heart.
65. Why did Melissa want t save her father’s music?
A. His music culd stp his disease frm wrsening.
B. She wanted t please her dying ld father.
C. His music deserved t be preserved in the family.
D. She wanted t make her father a prfessinal.
66. After hearing Steve’s playing, Nami ________.
A. refused t make a cmment n it
B. was deeply impressed by his music
C. decided t free Steve frm suffering
D. regretted ffering help t her friend
67. Hw can the prcess f Steve’s recrding be described?
A. It was slw but prductive.
B. It was beneficial t his health.
C. It was tiresme fr Nami.
D. It was vital fr Nami’s career.
68. Befre Steve finished “Melanchly Flwer," his wife Jni _______.
A. thught the music talent f Steve was exhausted
B. didn’t expect the damage the disease brught abut
C. didn’t fully realize the value f her husband’s music
D. brught her husband’s music career t perfectin
69. Hw did Steve feel at the cncert held in dwntwn Prtland？
A. He felt cncerned abut his illness.
B. He sensed a respnsibility fr music.
C. He regained his faith in music.
D. He gt int a state f quiet.
70. What can be a suitable title fr the passage?
A. The Kindness f FriendsB. The Pwer f Music
C. The Making f a MusicianD. The Value f Determinatin
Passage2(2019·浙江卷，A)
Zachariah Fike has an unusual hbby. He finds ld military(军队的)medals fr sale in antique stres and n the Internet.But unlike mst cllectrs, Zac tracks dwn the medals’ rightful wners, and returns them.
His effrt t reunite families with lst medals began with a Christmas gift frm his mther, a Purple Heart with the name Crrad A. G. Piccli, fund in an antique shp. Zac knws the meaning f a Purple Heart-he earned ne himself in a war as a sldier. S when his mther gave him the medal, he knew right away what he had t d.
Thrugh the Internet, Zac tracked dwn Crrad’s sister Adeline Rckk. But when he finally reached her, the wman flded him with questins: "Wh are yu？What antique shp？" Hwever, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call. S she called Zac back and aplgized. Sn she drve t meet Zac in Watertwn, N.Y. "At that pint, I knew she meant business, " Zac says. "T drive eight hurs t cme t see me."
The Picclis grew up the children f Italian immigrants in Watertwn. Crrad, a translatr fr the Army during WWII, was killed in actin in Eurpe.
Befre hearing frm Zac, Adeline hadn’t realized the medal was missing. Like many military medals, the ne Zac’s mther had fund was a family treasure." This medal was very precius t my parents. Only n special ccasins(场合)wuld they take it ut and let us hld it in ur hands," Adeline says.
As a child, Adeline culdn't understand why the medal was s significant. “But as I grew lder,” Adeline says, "and missed my brther mre and mre, I realized that was the nly thing we had left." Crrad Piccli’s Purple Heart medal nw hangs at the Italian American Civic Assciatin in Watertwn.
Zac recently returned anther lst medal t a family in Alabama. Since he first reunited Crrad’s medal, Zac says his recrd is nw 5 fr 5.
21. Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal fr himself？
A. In the army.B. In an antique shp.
C. Frm his mther.D. Frm Adeline Rckk.
22. What did Zac realize when Adeline drve t meet him？
A. She was very implite.B. She was serius abut the medal.
C. She suspected his hnesty.D. She came frm a wealthy family.
23. What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?
A. Her parents’ advice.B. Her knwledge f antiques.
C. Her childhd dream.D. Her memry f her brther.
Passage3(2019·全国II卷，C)
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Luie cunter by herself, quietly reading her e-bk as she waits fr her salad. What is she reading? Nne f yur business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like mre Americans, she’s nt alne.
A new reprt fund 46 percent f meals are eaten alne in America. Mre than half(53 percent)have breakfast alne and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating tgether anymre，74 percent，accrding t statistics frm the reprt.
“I prefer t g ut and be ut. Alne，but tgether，yu knw？”Bechtel said，lking up frm her bk. Bechtel，wh wrks in dwntwn West Palm Beach，has lunch with cwrkers smetimes，but like many f us，t ften wrks thrugh lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allws her t keep a bss frm tapping her n the shulder. She returns t wrk feeling energized. “Tday，I just wanted sme time t myself，”she said.
Just tw seats ver，Andrew Mazleny，a lcal videgrapher，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phne in peace r chat up the barkeeper with whm he's n a first-name basis if he wants t have a little interactin(交流). “I reflect n hw my day's gne and think abut the rest f the week,” he said. “It's a chance fr self-reflectin, Yu return t wrk recharged and with a plan.”
That freedm t chse is ne reasn mre peple like t eat alne. There was a time when peple may have felt awkward abut asking fr a table fr ne，but thse days are ver. Nw，we have ur smartphnes t keep us cmpany at the table. “It desn't feel as alne as it may have befre al the advances in technlgy,” said Laurie Demerit， whse cmpany prvided the statistics fr the reprt.
28. What are the statistics in paragraph 2 abut?
A. Fd varietyB. Eating habits.C. Table manners.D. Restaurant service.
29. Why des Bechtel prefer t g ut fr lunch?
A. T meet with her cwrkers.B. T catch up with her wrk.
C. T have sme time n her wn.D. T cllect data fr her reprt.
30. What d we knw abut Mazleny?
A. He makes vides fr the bar.
B. He’s fnd f the fd at the bar.
C. He interviews custmers at the bar.
D. He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
31. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The trend f having meals alne.
B. The imprtance f self-reflectin.
C. The stress frm wrking vertime.
D. The advantage f wireless technlgy.
Passage4(2018·天津卷，D)
Wuld yu BET n the future f this man？He is 53 years ld. Mst f his adult life has been a lsing struggle against debt and misfrtune. A war injury has made his left hand stp functining，and he has ften been in prisn. Driven by heaven-knws-what mtives，he determines t write a bk.
The bk turns ut t be ne that has appealed t the wrld fr mre than 350 years. That frmer prisner was Cervantes，and the bk was Dn Quixte（《堂吉诃德》）. And the stry pses an interesting questin: why d sme peple discver new vitality and creativity t the end f their days，while thers g t seed lng befre？
We've all knwn peple wh run ut f steam befre they reach life's halfway mark. I'm nt talking abut thse wh fail t get t the tp. We can't all get there. I'm talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.
Mst f us，in fact，prgressively narrw the variety f ur lives. We succeed in ur field f specializatin and then becme trapped in it. Nthing surprises us. We lse ur sense f wnder. But，if we are willing t lean，the pprtunities are everywhere.
The things we learn in maturity seldm invlve infrmatin and skills. We learn t bear with the things we can't change. We learn t avid self-pity. We learn that hwever much we try t please，sme peple are never ging t lve us-an idea that trubles at first but is eventually relaxing.
With high mtivatin and enthusiasm，we can keep n learning. Then we will knw hw imprtant it is t have meaning in ur life. Hwever，we can achieve meaning nly if we have made a cmmitment t smething larger than ur wn little egs（自我），whether t lved nes，t fellw humans，t wrk，r t sme mral cncept.
Many f us equate（视……等同于）“cmmitment” with such “caring” ccupatins as teaching and nursing. But ding any rdinary jb as well as ne can is in itself an admirable cmmitment. Peple wh wrk tward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，r running a stre-make the wrld better just by being the kind f peple they are. They've learned life's mst valuable lessn.
51. The passage starts with the stry f Cervantes t shw that_________.
A. lss f freedm stimulates ne's creativity
B. age is nt a barrier t achieving ne's gal
C. misery inspires a man t fight against his fate
D. disability cannt stp a man's pursuit f success
52. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 3 prbably mean？
A. End ne's struggle fr liberty.
B. Waste ne's energy taking risks.
C. Miss the pprtunity t succeed.
D. Lse the interest t cntinue learning.
53. What culd be inferred frm Paragraph 4？
A. Thse wh dare t try ften get themselves trapped.
B. Thse wh tend t think back can hardly g ahead.
C. Opprtunity favrs thse with a curius mind.
D. Opprtunity awaits thse with a cautius mind.
54. What des the authr intend t tell us in Paragraph 5？
A. A tugh man can tlerate suffering.
B. A wise man can live withut self-pity
C. A man shuld try t satisfy peple arund him.
D. A man shuld learn suitable ways t deal with life
55. What is the authr's purpse in writing the passage？
A. T prvide guidance n leading a meaningful adult life.
B. T stress the need f shuldering respnsibilities at wrk.
C. T state the imprtance f generating mtivatin fr learning.
D. T suggest a way f pursuing excellence in ur lifelng career.
题组二（2018年高考真题）
Passage1(2018·新课标卷II，C)
Teens and yunger children are reading a lt less fr fun, accrding t a Cmmn Sense Media reprt published Mnday.
While the decline ver the past decade is steep fr teen readers, sme data in the reprt shws that reading remains a big part f many children’s lives, and indicates hw parents might help encurage mre reading.
Accrding t the reprt’s key findings, “the prprtin (比例) wh say they ‘hardly ever’ read fr fun has gne frm 8 percent f 13-year-lds and 9 percent f 17-year-lds in 1984 t 22 percent and 27 percent respectively tday.”
The reprt data shws that pleasure reading levels fr yunger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amunt f time spent in reading each sessin has declined, frm clser t an hur r mre t clser t a half hur per sessin.
When it cmes t technlgy and reading, the reprt des little t cunsel(建议) parents lking fr data abut the effect f e-readers and tablets n reading. It des pint ut that many parents still limit electrnic reading, mainly due t cncerns abut increased screen time.
The mst hpeful data shared in the reprt shws clear evidence f parents serving as examples and imprtant guides fr their kids when it cmes t reading. Data shws that kids and teens wh d read frequently, cmpared t infrequent readers, have mre bks in the hme, mre bks purchased fr them, parents wh read mre ften, and parents wh set aside time fr them t read.
As the end f schl appraches, and schl vacatin reading lists lm(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance t step in and make their wn summer reading list and plan a family trip t the library r bkstre.
28. What is the Cmmn Sense Media reprt prbably abut?
A. Children’s reading habits.
B. Quality f children’s bks.
C. Children’s after-class activities.
D. Parent-child relatinships.
29. Where can yu find the data that best supprts "children are reading a lt less fr fun"?
A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.
C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.
30. Why d many parents limit electrnic reading?
A. E-bks are f pr quality.
B. It culd be a waste f time.
C. It may harm children’s health.
D. E-readers are expensive.
31. Hw shuld parents encurage their children t read mre?
A. Act as rle mdels fr them.
B. Ask then t write bk reprts.
C. Set up reading grups fr them.
D. Talk with their reading class teachers.
Passage2(2018·天津卷，D)
Give yurself a test. Which way is the wind blwing? Hw many kinds f wildflwers can be seen frm yur frnt dr? If yur awareness is as sharp as it culd be, yu’ll have n truble answering these questins.
Mst f us bserved much mre as children than we d as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascinatin, newness and wnder. Curisity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctins that were sharp t us as children becme unclear; we are numb(麻木的) t new stimulatin(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art f seeing the wrld arund us is quite simple, althugh it takes practice and requires breaking sme bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is t stp predicting what we are ging t see and feel befre it ccurs. This blcks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rcky Muntains with sme students, I mentined that we were ging t crss a muntain stream. The students began cmplaining abut hw cld it wuld be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almst knee-deep when they realized it was a ht spring. Later they all admitted they’d felt cld water at first.
Anther blck t awareness is the bsessin(痴迷) many f us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers wh sptted a bird, immediately lked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crwned kinglet" and checked it ff. They n lnger paid attentin t the bird and never learned what it was ding.
The pressures f "time" and "destinatin" are further blcks t awareness. I encuntered many hikers wh were headed t a distant camp-grund with just enugh time t get there befre dark. It seldm ccurred t them t wander a bit, t take a mment t see what’s arund them. I asked them what they’d seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent n their destinatins.
Nature seems t unfld t peple wh watch and wait. Next time yu take a walk, n matter where it is, take in all the sights, sunds and sensatins. Wander in this frame f mind and yu will pen a new dimensin t yur life.
51. Accrding t Paragraph 2, cmpared with adults, children are mre _____________.
A. anxius t d wnders
B. sensitive t thers’ feelings
C. likely t develp unpleasant habits
D. eager t explre the wrld arund them
52. What idea des the authr cnvey in Paragraph 3?
A. T avid jumping t cnclusins.
B. T stp cmplaining all the time.
C. T fllw the teacher’s advice.
D. T admit mistakes hnestly.
53. The bird watchers’ behavir shws that they ____________.
A. are very patient in their bservatin
B. are really fascinated by nature
C. care nly abut the names f birds
D. questin the accuracy f the field guides
54. Why d the hikers take n ntice f the surrundings during the jurney?
A. The natural beauty isn’t attractive t them.
B. They fcus n arriving at the camp in time.
C. The frest in the dark is dangerus fr them.
D. They are keen t see rare birds at the destinatin.
55. In the passage, the authr intends t tell us we shuld __________.
A. fill ur senses t feel the wnders f the wrld
B. get rid f sme bad habits in ur daily life
C. pen ur mind t new things and ideas
D. try ur best t prtect nature
Passage3(2018·浙江卷，C)
As cultural symbls g, the American car is quite yung. The Mdel T Frd was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ag, with the first rlling ff the assembly line（装配线）n September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were prduced the next mnth. But eventually Henry Frd wuld build fifteen millin f them.
Mdern America was brn n the rad, behind a wheel. The car shaped sme f the mst lasting aspects f American culture: the radside diner, the billbard, the mtel, even the hamburger. Fr mst f the last century, the car represented what it meant t be American—ging frward at high speed t find new wrlds. The rad nvel, the rad mvie, these are the mst typical American ideas, brn f abundant petrl, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public wrks prject in histry.
In 1928 Herbert Hver imagined an America with “a chicken in every pt and a car in every garage.” Since then, this sciety has mved nward, never lking back, as the car transfrmed America frm a farm-based sciety int an industrial pwer.
The cars that drve the American Dream have helped t create a glbal eclgical disaster. In America the demand fr il has grwn by 22 percent since 1990.
The prblems f excessive（过度的）energy cnsumptin, climate change and ppulatin grwth have been described in a bk by the American writer Thmas L. Friedman. He fears the wrst, but hpes fr the best.
Friedman pints ut that the green ecnmy（经济）is a chance t keep American strength. “The ability t design, build and exprt green technlgies fr prducing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant fd is ging t be the currency f pwer in the new century.”
28. Why is hamburger mentined in paragraph 2?
A. T explain Americans’ lve fr travelling by car.
B. T shw the influence f cars n American culture.
C. T stress the ppularity f fast fd with Americans.
D. T praise the effectiveness f America’s rad system.
29. What has the use f cars in America led t?
A. Decline f ecnmy. B. Envirnmental prblems.
C. A shrtage f il supply. D. A farm-based sciety.
30. What is Friedman’s attitude twards America’s future?
A. Ambiguus. B. Dubtful. C. Hpeful. D. Tlerant.
题组三（2017年高考真题）
Passage1(2017·新课标卷I，B)
I wrk with Vlunteers fr Wildlife, a rescue and educatin rganizatin at Bailey Arbretum in Lcust Valley. Trying t help injured, displaced r sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. Hwever, when it wrks, it is simply beautiful.
I gt a rescue call frm a wman in Muttntwn. She had fund a yung wl(猫头鹰) n the grund. When I arrived, I saw a 2-t 3-week-ld wl. It had already been placed in a carrier fr safety.
I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I culd lcate the nest, I might have been able t put it back, but n luck. My next wrk was t cnstruct a nest and anchr it in a tree.
The hmewner was very helpful. A wire basket was fund. I put sme pine branches int the basket t make this nest safe and cmfrtable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed dwn.
Nw all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the hmewner a recrding f the hunger screams f wl chicks. These advertise the presence f chicks t adults; they might als encurage ur chick t start calling as well. I gave the wner as much infrmatin as pssible and headed hme t see what news the night might bring.
A nervus night t be sure, but smetimes the spirits f nature smile n us all! The hmewner called t say that the parents had respnded t the recrdings. I drve ver and saw the chick in the nest lking healthy and active. And it was accmpanied in the nest by the greatest sight f all — LUNCH! The parents had dne their duty and wuld prbably cntinue t d s.
24. What is unavidable in the authr’s rescue wrk accrding t paragraph 1?
A. Effrts made in vain.
B. Getting injured in his wrk.
C. Feeling uncertain abut his future.
D. Creatures frced ut f their hmes.
25. Why was the authr called t Muttntwn?
A. T rescue a wman.
B. T take care f a wman.
C. T lk at a baby wl.
D. T cure a yung wl.
26.What made the chick calm dwn?
A. A new nest.B. Sme fd.C. A recrding.D. Its parents.
27.Hw wuld the authr feel abut the utcme f the event?
A. It’s unexpected.B. It’s beautiful.
C. It’s humrus.D. It’s discuraging.
Passage2(2017·新课标III卷，B)
Minutes after the last mvie ended yesterday at the Plaza Theater, emplyees were busy sweeping up ppcrns and gathering cke cups. It was a scene that had been repeated many times in the theater’s 75-year histry. This time, hwever, the cleanup was a little different. As ne grup f wrkers carried ut the rubbish, anther grup began remving seats and ther theater equipment in preparatin fr the building’s end.
The film classic The Last Picture Shw was the last mvie shwn in the ld theater. Thugh the mvie is 30 years ld, mst f the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting t say gd-bye t the ld building. Theater wner Ed Bradfrd said he chse the mvie because it seemed apprpriate. The mvie is set in a small twn where the nly mvie theater is preparing t clse dwn.
Bradfrd said that large mdern theaters in the city made it impssible fr the Plaza t cmpete. He added that the theater’s lcatin(位置) was als a reasn. ＂This used t be the center f twn,＂ he said. ＂Nw the area is mstly ffice buildings and warehuses.＂
Last week sme city fficials suggested the city might be interested in turning the ld theater int a museum and public meeting place. Hwever, these plans were abandned because f financial prblems. Bradfrd sld the building and land t a lcal develpment firm, which plans t build a shpping cmplex n the land where the theater is lcated.
The theater audience said gd-bye as Bradfrd lcked the drs fr the last time. After 75 years the Plaza Theater had shwn its last mvie. The theater will be missed.
24. In what way was yesterday’s cleanup at the Plaza special?
A. It made rm fr new equipment.
B. It signaled the clsedwn f the theater.
C. It was dne with the help f the audience.
D. It marked the 75th anniversary f the theater.
25. Why was The Last Picture Shw put n?
A. It was an all-time classic. B. It was abut the histry f the twn.
C. The audience requested it. D. The theater wner fund it suitable.
26. What will prbably happen t the building?
A. It will be repaired. B. It will be turned int a museum.
C. It will be kncked dwn. D. It will be sld t the city gvernment.
27. What can we infer abut the audience?
A. They are disappinted with Bradfrd. B. They are sad t part with the ld theater.
C. They are supprtive f the city fficials. D. They are eager t have a shpping center.
Passage3(2017·浙江卷)
FLORENCE, Italy—Svetlana Cjchru feels hurt. The Mldvan has lived here seven years as a caregiver t Italian kids and elderly, but in rder t stay she’s had t prve her language skills by taking a test which requires her t write a pstcard t an imaginary friend and answer a fictinal jb ad.
Italy is the latest Western Eurpean cuntry trying t cntrl a grwing immigrant(移民) ppulatin by demanding language skills in exchange fr wrk permits, r in sme cases, citizenship.
Sme immigrant advcates wrry that as hard financial times make it mre difficult fr natives t keep jbs, such measures will becme mre a vehicle fr intlerance than integratin(融合). Others say it’s nly natural that newcmers learn the language f their hst natin, seeing it as a cnditin t ensure they can cntribute t sciety.
Other Eurpean cuntries laid dwn a similar requirement fr immigrants, and sme terms are even tugher. The gvernments argue that this will help freigners better jin the sciety and prmte understanding acrss cultures.
Italy, which has a much weaker traditin f immigratin, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigratin in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered sme 1.14 millin ut f Italy’s then 56.7 millin peple, r abut 2 percent. At the start f this year, freigners living in Italy amunted t 4.56 millin f a ttal ppulatin f 60.6 millin, r 7.5 percent, with immigrants’ children accunting fr an ever larger percentage f births in Italy.
Cjchru, the Mldvan caregiver, hped btaining permanent residence(居住权) wuld help her bring her tw children t Italy; they live with her sister in Mldva, where salaries are amng the lwest in Eurpe. She was skeptical that the language requirement wuld encurage integratin.
Italians always ＂see me as a freigner,＂ an utsider, even thugh she’s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently, she said.
28. Why des Cjchru have t take a language test?
A. T cntinue t stay in Italy. B. T teach her children Italian.
C. T find a better jb in Italy. D. T better mix with the Italians.
29. Sme peple wrry that the new language requirement may ________.
A. reduce Italy’s ppulatin quickly B. cause cnflicts amng peple
C. lead t financial difficulties D. put pressure n schls
30. What d we knw abut Cjchru?
A. She lives with her sister nw in Italy.
B. She enjys learning the Italian language.
C. She speaks Italian well enugh fr her jb.
D. She wishes t g back t her hme cuntry.
Passage4(2017·天津卷)
Fifteen years ag, I tk a summer vacatin in Lecce in suthern Italy. After climbing up a hill fr a panramic(全景的) view f the blue sea, white buildings and green live trees, I paused t catch my breath and then psitined myself t take the best pht f this panrama.
Unfrtunately, just as I tk ut my camera, a wman apprached frm behind, and planted herself right in frnt f my view. Like me, this wman was here t stp, sigh and appreciate the view.
Patient as I was, after abut 15 minutes, my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the sht I wuld eventually take, I grew frustrated. Was it t much t ask her t mve s I culd take just ne picture f the landscape? Sure, I culd have asked her, but smething prevented me frm ding s. She seemed s cntent in her bservatin. I didn’t want t mess with that.
Anther 15 minutes passed and I grew bred. The wman was still there. I decided t take the pht anyway. And nw when I lk at it, I think her presence in the pht is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful n its wn, smehw cmes t life and breathes because this wman is engaging with it.
This pht, with the unique beauty that unflded befre me and that wman wh “ruined” it, nw hangs n a wall in my bedrm. What wuld she think if she knew that her figure is captured(捕捉) and frzen n sme stranger’s bedrm wall? A bedrm, after all, is a very private space, in which sme wman I dn’t even knw has been immrtalized(使……永存). In sme ways, she lives in my huse.
Perhaps we all live in each thers’ spaces. Perhaps this is what phts are fr: t remind us that we all appreciate beauty, that we all share a cmmn desire fr pleasure, fr cnnectin, fr smething that is greater than us.
That pht is a reminder, a captured mment, an unspken cnversatin between tw wmen, separated nly by a thin square f glass.
41. What happened when the authr was abut t take a pht?
A. Her camera stpped wrking.
B. A wman blcked her view.
C. Smene asked her t leave.
D. A friend apprached frm behind.
42. Accrding t the authr, the wman was prbably___________.
A. enjying herself
B. lsing her patience
C. waiting fr the sunset
D. thinking abut her past
43. In the authr’s pinin, what makes the pht s alive?
A. The rich clr f the landscape.
B. The perfect psitining f the camera.
C. The wman’s existence in the pht.
D. The sft sunlight that summer day.
44. The pht n the bedrm wall enables the authr t better understand __________.
A. the need t be clse t nature
B. the imprtance f private space
C. the jy f the vacatin in Italy
D. the shared passin fr beauty
45. The passage can be seen as the authr’s reflectins upn ___________.
A. a particular life experienceB. the pleasure f traveling
C. the art f phtgraphyD. a lst friendship
题组四（名校模拟题）
Passage 1(河南省开封市2019届高三第三次模拟考试)
Squirrels aren’t natural city dwellers(居民). In 1986 the sight f ne in a tree near New Yrk’s city hall s surprised passers-by that a newspaper published a reprt abut the “unusual visitr”.
Arund that time, the tree-dwelling animals were being set free in America’s urban areas t “create pckets f peace and calm like the cuntryside,” says University f Pennsylvania histrian Etienne Bensn, wh studied ur relatinship t squirrels ver the curse f five years.
First, they were intrduced t Philadelphia, then t New Haven, Bstn, and New Yrk City. Park visitrs were encuraged t feed them, and security guards ensured their safety. In the 1910s a leader f the By Scuts f America(an rganizatin teaching bys practical skills)said that teaching children t feed squirrels culd shw the rewards f treating a weaker creature with sympathy, says Bensn.
By the early 20th century, thugh, America began t regret the friendliness it had shwn squirrels. Cities had nce been filled with animals—frm hrses pulling gds t dairy cws. By the 1950s thse wrking animals had been mved t the cuntryside. Pets and wild animals such as birds and squirrels were all that remained f the urban animal kingdm.
Befre lng, peple’s enthusiasm fr squirrels wre ff, and they started t see them as annyances. By the 1970s many parks banned feeding the creatures. Tday, it is rare t find kids with their parents ffering fd t squirrels under a tree. And, unfrtunately, with mre and mre buildings being cnstructed in the city, fewer inhabitable(适宜栖息的)areas are left fr the little tree-dwelling animals.
What wuld be lst if the last f these city dwellers were frced t leave? “I think there’s smething cnstructive t have ther living creatures in the city that are nt humans and nt pets but share the land with us,” says Bensn. “It’s a gd thing t live in a landscape where yu see ther creatures ging arund making lunch. It’s gd fr the sul.”
1. What’s the purpse f intrducing squirrels t Philadelphia?
A. T entertain park visitrs.B. T keep the natural balance.
C. T encurage kids t prtect animals.D. T make the urban life mre peaceful.
2. What was the By Scuts leader’s attitude twards feeding squirrels?
A. Disagreeable.B. Dubtful.C. Supprtive.D. Uncaring.
3. What might have happened t squirrels in cities arund the 1960s?
A. They might have inhabited mre hmes.
B. They might have begun t g ut f favr.
C. They might have been intrduced t mre cities.
D. They might have been mved t the cuntryside.
4. What des Bensn suggest in the last paragraph?
A. Squirrels living in cities are annying.
B. Feeding squirrels shuld be discuraged.
C. Squirrels shuld be allwed t live in cities.
D. It is pssible fr peple t keep squirrels as pets.
Passage 2(东北三省四市2019届高三二模联考英语试题)
Cnnecting with peple has becme s much easier with advancing technlgy. Tasks that nce required a pstage stamp r carrier pigen are nw as simple as tapping a name r even a face n yur screen, and yu’re cnnected. But als easier is uncnsciusly getting caught up in a dilemma by vilating certain new rules fr cmmunicating. A big ne fr sme: Dn’t call until yu’ve texted t cnfirm it’s OK t call. But that’s just the beginning.
“I’m usually pretty mild and nt much bthers me,” said Mark Angielle, a 29-year-ld ffice manager frm White Plains, New Yrk. But the ne thing that he hates mre than anything else in life is the terrible ne-wrd message — “K.” “At the very least reply with, Gt it.” he said “At least give me a few wrds here. Yu’re nt that busy.”
There are hundreds, perhaps even thusands, f thers wh have taken L scial media t express their distaste fr peple wh dn’t fllw the unwritten rules f digital cmmunicatin.
“These rules are simply a new display f a phenmenn we’ve seen in the past,” said James Ivry, prfessr f cmmunicatin a Virginia Tech. In the same way that generatins and small grups f friends have their wn slang and custms, internet culture has given birth t technlgy-dependent beings that have their wn unique set f rutine.
But nt everyne gets the pint. Unlike language, digital cmmunicatin can be filled with ambiguus clues (线索、迹象) that the persn n the ther end f the call, text r email may r may nt easily understand.
“As sn as peple aren’t talking face t face, the first thing that gets lst is sme f the richness f the bdy language,” Ivry said, “Peple immediately fill that gap by using emji (表情符号) t sum up a feeling in secnds.
“There's great ptential fr danger,” Ivry warned. “What's cnsidered plite in ne frm might be inapprpriate r rude in anther ccasin.”
1. What can yu infer abut Mark frm Paragraph 2?
A. He is a businessman with a bad temper.
B. He cmplains abut scial manners.
C. He can’t bear ne- wrd messages.
D. He dislike a busy business life.
2. Accrding t the text, which f the fllwing breaks the rules fr cmmunicating?
A. Jhn says “I gt it.” t his bss face t face.
B. Jim calls Bill withut cnfirming in advance.
C. Mary texts Lily t make sure if she can call her.
D. Jack sends “Thanks a lt” t his business friends.
3. Why may peple misunderstand each ther during digital cmmunicatin?
A. Emji cannt sum up feelings.
B. Peple use their wn slang and custms.
C. There are large quantities f written rules.
D. Peple gets wrng messages withut clear clues.
4. What are peple expected t d after reading tie passage?
A. T bey their wn digital cmmunicatin rules.
B. T be aware f rules during digital cmmunicatin.
C. T use advancing technlgy even with disadvantages.
D. T keep pace with digital cmmunicatin develpment.
Passage 3(2018届 河南省重点名校高考模拟)
While there are a few ways t make use f yur ld smartphne, ne f the better ways is t cnvert int a dash cam（行车记录仪） that yu can use n yur bicycle. With the camera, yu can recrd yur rides, which is especially helpful if yu are invlved in a crash with anther vehicle.
T use yur smartphne as a dash cam n yur bike, yu will need t make sure it is prperly secured t yur bike. T d this crrectly, yu must take tw strips f heavy-duty Velcr( a kind f clth used as fastening) alng with tw pipe clamps（管夹） and a flat crner brace(角撑) t prperly attach it. Yu will start by attaching the crner brace t yur smartphne.
Next, attach a Velcr strip t yur phne’s back. Yu will put the secnd strip n the end f the brace crner and cut any extra Velcr ff and away frm the brace. By using heavy-duty Velcr, yu shuldn’t have t wrry abut the camera cming lse. The crner brace must be attached t the bicycle directly.
Take tw pipe clamps s yu can attach the part f the crner brace that is untuched s the phne can be held up and used. The pipe clamps must be psitined near the center f the handlebar, which will enable yu t get a better picture when videtaping.
T run a dash cam app n yur ld phne, yu will nt need WiFi. Yu will just need t dwnlad a dash cam app nt the ld phne. Yu will then just start the app at any time yu head ut n the rad. There is always the chance f flaws, but yu will be giving yurself a way t prtect yurself in a friendly, ec-friendly manner that is much less expensive than purchasing a dash cam.
1. What is the purpse f building a dash cam n yur bike?
A. T make full use f an ld smartphne.
B. T recrd the scenery while travelling.
C. T reduce an unexpected crash n the rad.
D. T avid unnecessary arguments in an accident.
2. What des the underlined wrd ＂it＂ in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The bike.B. The pipe clamp.
C. The smartphne.D. The flat crner brace.
3. What can we learn abut a Velcr strip?
A. It will fix the camera firmly.
B. It is better t keep it as lng as pssible.
C. It is imprtant fr the flat crner brace.
D. It is best put in the center f the smartphne.
4. What can be inferred abut the DIY dash cam frm the last paragraph?
A. It is a perfect alternative t a purchased ne.
B. It is beneficial t envirnment in sme way.
C. It is a much mre demanding jb fr the user.
D. It makes its wner friendly t ther peple.
Passage 4(四川省成都市2019届高三第三次诊断性检测)
Climate change is perhaps the key issue f ur time. Often, hwever, it is presented t us as being s abstract that it seems impssibly distant. Fr thse f yu lking fr smething a little mre cncrete, a new reprt suggests that the effects f climate change may significantly affect cffee.
The reprt, put ut by The Climate Institute, describes the effects f climate change n varius cffee-grwing natins and the resultant effects n the plants and thse wh grw them.
Cffee Arabica plants, which prduce 70% f all cmmercial cffee, can be adversely affected by even a half-degree change in typical weather cnditins. This sensitivity t temperature puts the plant at increased risk f the effects f climate change.
In Central America the average temperature has risen by a full degree Celsius since 1960. In Ethipia the average temperature has increased by l. 3 degrees. This increase is enugh t have ntable effects n the plants. In Tanzania the prductivity per hectare f cffee has fallen by half since the 1960s due t changes in temperature.
Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area f the wrld suitable fr grwing cffee will be cut by half. Cffee prductin is likely t then be pushed t higher elevatins(海拔) t take advantage f lwer temperatures, but this will nt be enugh t make up fr lst lwland areas.
Cffee is the secnd mst traded gds by develping natins, and the inability f prducer natins t exprt it culd cause dramatic chain reactins in their ecnmies. Millins f peple make a living in the prductin, prcessing, transprt, and sale f cffee; their livelihds wuld stand t take a blw as grwing areas decrease and prices rise.
As the temperature keeps rising, yur cup f cffee will becme much mre expensive, and it may als carry an aftertaste bitterer than usual, fr all thse wrkers in the cffee belt left withut the means t make a living as cnditins wrsen. Nt nly that, but the ecnmic effects will cst the West millins in increased freign aid.
1. What des the underlined wrd "adversely " in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A. slightly.B. temprarily.C. harmfully.D. gradually.
2. Why will peple have t grw cffee in highland areas?
A. T adapt t the change f temperature.
B. T increase the quality f the prducts.
C. T reduce the cst f cffee prductin
D. T get access t water supply mre easily.
3. What cnclusin can we draw frm the last tw paragraphs?
A. The rich will get richer and the pr prer
B. Small changes may have large effects in general
C. Develped cuntries ught t aid pr cuntries.
D. Cffee trade will eventually disappear in the wrld.
4. Hw des the authr feel abut the future f cffee prductin?
A. Cautius.B. Wrried.C. Uncncerned.D. Hpeful.
题组一
Passage1
【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文，主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的老人录制音乐的故事，其录制过程比较艰苦，但是录制的音乐很成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。
65.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段可知，Steve的专业软件工程，还是一个钢琴的热爱者，是家里唯一的音乐家，音乐是他真正热爱的东西，尽管没有在家以外的地方弹奏过钢琴。根据第三段Melissa, his daughter ,felt it mre than wrthwhile t save his music.可知他的女儿Melissa觉得保存他的音乐很有价值，故选C。
66.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第十段 “it was beautiful,” Nami said after listening t the recrding. “ the music was wrth saving.”可知，听了录音之后Nami说很美，值得保存，故可以得出Nami对Steve的音乐印象深刻，故选B。
67.A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第十二段He’d mve his fingers clumsily n the pian, and then she’d take his place. He struggled t explain what he heard in his head.以及第十三段Steve and Nami spke in musical cde: lines, beats, intervals, mving frm the rt t end a sng in a new key. Steve heard it. All f it, he just culdn’t play it.可知，Steve会笨拙地把手指放在钢琴上，然后Nami把手指放在他放的地方，并且Steve努力解释脑海里的内容，所有的这些，都是Nami在弹奏，而Steve在听，故可知这个录制过程很慢。根据第十六段Nami managed t figure ut 16 f Steve’s favrite, and mst persnal sngs.可知作品很多。故选A。
68.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第十六段Jni thught that wuld be the end. But it wasn’t. 以及后文Steve取得的成就可知在完成Melanchly Flwer之前，他的妻子还没完全意识到丈夫的音乐的真正价值，故选C。
69.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段He knew the path his life was nw taking. He tld his family he was at peace.可知，他知道自己一生要选择的路，告诉家人他很平静，故可知，家乡的音乐会让他重新坚定了对音乐的信念，故选D。
70.B
【解析】标题归纳题。本文主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的人录制音乐的故事，其录制过程比较艰苦，但是录制的音乐很成功，也让老人对音乐充满了信心。B项“音乐的力量”概括了全文内容，是最佳标题。故选B。
Passage2
【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。Zachariah Fike有一个不同寻常的业余爱好：他在网上和古董店里寻找旧的军队勋章，然后将这些勋章归还它们的合法主人。文章主要叙述了他这一爱好的起源。
21.A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Zac knws the meaning f a Purple Heart—he earned ne himself in a war as a sldier”可知，当Zac还是一名士兵的时候，在一次战争中他获得了一枚Purple Heart。故A选项正确。
22.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“T drive eight hurs t cme t see me”可以推知，Adeline为了那枚Purple Heart开车八个小时来见Zac，由此可知，她对于这件事是认真地。因此，At that pint, I knew she meant business应该指的是Zac意识到Adeline对这枚勋章是认真的。故B选项正确。
23.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Crrad, a translatr…was killed in actin in Eurpe”和倒数第三段中的“as I grew lder…and missed my brther mre and mre, I realized that was the nly thing we had left ”这枚勋章寄托了Adeline对于去世的哥哥Crrad的回忆和思念，这是他们家留下的唯一关于哥哥的东西了。因此她很珍惜这枚勋章。故D选项正确。
Passage3
【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
28.B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段可知，在美国，约有46%的人们独自用餐，53%的人们独自吃早餐，46%的人们独自吃午餐，只有74%的人们晚餐不是独自享用，故可知本段的数据是关于用餐习惯，故选B。
29.C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段A lunchtime escape allws her t keep a bss frm tapping her n the shulder. Tday, I just wanted sme time t myself.可知，Bechtel一个人吃午饭可以让她逃离老板的关注，给自己留一些自由时间，故选C。
30.D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段he likes that he can sit and check his phne in peace r chat up the barkeeper with whm he’s n a first-name basis if he wants t have a little interactin.可知Mazleny喜欢这样的气氛，因为可以坐在那里，查看手机信息，或者想聊天了，可以直呼吧台服务员名字和他聊天，故可知，他与服务员很熟悉，可以直呼对方名字，故选D。
31.A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。
Passage4
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
51.B
【解析】推理判断题。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。
52.D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run ut f steam可知，停止学习，故选D。
53.C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段we lse the sense f wnder. But, if we are willing t learn, the pprtunities are everywhere.可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。
54. D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段we learn t bear with the things we can’t change. We learn t avid self-pity. We learn that hwever much we try t please, sme peple are never ging t lve us—an idea that trubles at first but is eventually relaxing.可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。
55.A
【解析】写作意图题。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。
题组二
Passage1
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于儿童和青少年的阅读习惯的调查报告。报告表明，儿童和青少年趣味阅读时间明显减少；父母会对孩子的阅读习惯产生一些积极影响。
28.A 【解析】推理判断题。题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D项意为：父母与孩子的关系。故选A。
29.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的the prprtin (比例) wh say they ‘hardly ever’ read fr fun has gne frm 8 percent f 13-year-lds and 9 percent f 17-year-lds in 1984 t 22 percent and 27 percent respectively tday.可知，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和27%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。故选B。
30.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段最后一句many parents still limit electrnic reading, mainly due t cncerns abut increased screen time可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子屏幕的时间越来越多，也即是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。
31.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段The mst hpeful data shared in the reprt shws clear evidence f parents serving as examples and imprtant guides fr their kids when it cmes t reading.可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以通过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。故选A。
Passage 2
【文章大意】本文是一篇散文。我们有多久没有仔细观察我们周围的世界了。作者通过此文要告诉我们：放慢脚步，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。
51.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段Mst f us bserved much mre as children than we d as adults. A child’s day is filled with fascinatin, newness and wnder.可知，与成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，孩子的一天充满了魔力、新奇和惊奇。从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的世界。故选D。
52.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅行穿过一条小溪的时候，学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。作者举这样一个事例是为了向读者传递这样的观念：避免过早下结论。故选A。
53.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第四段全段及首句Anther blck t awareness is the bsessin(痴迷) many f us have with naming things.可知，鸟观察者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在做什么。故答案为C。
54.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的I encuntered many hikers wh were headed t a distant camp-grund with just enugh time t get there befre dark. It seldm ccurred t them t wander a bit, t take a mment t see what’s arund them.可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。故选B。
55.A 【解析】推理判断题。文章作者想要通过此文要告诉我们：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙吧。故选A。
Passage 3
【文章大意】文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用，也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。
28.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段Mdern America was brn n the rad, behind a wheel. The car shaped sme f the mst lasting aspects f American culture: the radside diner, the billbard, the mtel, even the hamburger.可知现代美国诞生于公路和汽车，汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响，故选B。
29.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段The cars that drve the American Dream have helped t create a glbal eclgical disaster.可知美国汽车的迅速发展，导致生态灾难。故选B。
30.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的He fears the wrst, but hpes fr the best. 和最后一段中的Friedman pints ut that the green ecnmy（经济）is a chance t keep American strength.可见Friedman虽然对未来担心，但抱有最好的希望，他指出了发展绿色积极的想法。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的，故选C。
题组三
Passage1
【文章大意】救助小动物并没有那么简单，因为你所做的救助行为到最后可能都成了无用功。但无论结果怎样，救助小动物的这种行为是美好的。本文主要介绍了作者救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的故事。
24. A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的Trying t help injured, displaced r sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.可知救助受伤的、流离失所的、生病的动物是令人心碎的，因为我们不知道救助的动物是否能活下去，也就是说我们为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这是不可避免的。故选A。
25. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的She had fund a yung wl(猫头鹰) n the grund. When I arrived, I saw a 2-t 3-week-ld wl可知有人给作者打电话是因为有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看情况。文中并没有说小猫头鹰受伤了，作者只是过去看情况，所以D选项错误。故选C。
26. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed dwn可知在作者把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就安静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰安静下来的。故选A。
27. B 【解析】观点态度题。根据前文描述可知作者为小猫头鹰做了窝，并且帮助它找回了它的父母，小猫头鹰的父母还为它带回了午餐，作者的救助成功了，说明结局是美好的。再结合第一段的Hwever, when it wrks, it is simply beautiful.可推测，作者感觉很美好。故选B。
Passage2
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一家具有75年历史的剧院因为不利的地理位置和现代剧院的竞争而被转售的故事。
24.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据首段的最后两句可知，这次散场后的清理工作与之前不同的是工人不仅清理走了垃圾，而且还挪走了座椅和剧院的其他设备，因为剧院已经被转卖出去了。
25.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，剧院老板选择这部电影是因为这部电影本身讲述的就是小镇上唯一的电影院准备关门停业的故事，与Plaza Theater的现状一样。
26.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段末句中的＂which plans t build a shpping cmplex n the land where the theater is lcated.＂可以推断出这个剧院将被拆除，取而代之的是一个现代的购物中心。
27.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中的＂mst f the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting t say gd-bye t the ld building＂可知，人们非常难过，不愿意看到老剧院被拆掉。
Passage3
【文章大意】本文属于夹叙夹议文，首先叙述了一个叫Svetlana Cjchru的摩尔多瓦人移民到意大利，但为了能够继续留在意大利，她必须进行语言测试；接着向我们阐述对外来人进行语言测试的原因以及对此的不同声音，然后介绍了意大利的移民史，最后告诉我们Cjchru的居住现状：工资水平很低，而且虽然在意大利生活多年，但意大利本地居民仍会把她当作外国人来看。
28. A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的＂but in rder t stay she’s had t prve her language skills by taking a test…＂可知，Cjchru是为了能够继续留在意大利才要参加语言考试的，故选A。
29. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的＂such measures will becme mre a vehicle fr intlerance than integratin＂可知一些人担心对语言水平的要求可能会引起人与人之间的不包容，即冲突，故选B。
30. C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的＂even thugh she’s stayed in the cuntry fr years and can speak the lcal language fluently＂可知Cjchru的意大利语已经说的得很流利了，故选C。
Passage4
【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者一次旅行的特殊经历带给作者的深思和感悟。
41.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段第一句Unfrtunately, just as I tk ut my camera, a wman apprached frm behind, and planted herself right in frnt f my view可知选B。
42.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段的句子She seemed s cntent in her bservatin.可知选A。
43.C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第四段的句子And nw when I lk at it, I think her presence in the pht is what makes the image interesting. The landscape, beautiful n its wn, smehw cmes t life and breathes because this wman is engaging with it.可知选C。
44.D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第五段的句子This pht, with the unique beauty that unflded befre me and that wman wh “ruined” it, nw hangs n a wall in my bedrm.可知选D。
45. A 【解析】考查推理判断。最后两段内容是作者对这次特殊经历的感悟，所以这篇文章可以看做是作者对一次特殊经历的深入思考。故选A。
题组四
Passage 1
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了松鼠是否应该留在城市生活的问题。
1.D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Arund that time, the tree-dwelling animals were being set free in America’s urban areas t “create pckets f peace and calm like the cuntryside,”可知，松鼠被引进费城是为了让城市生活变得更宁静，故选D。
2.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的In the 1910s a leader f the By Scuts f America(an rganizatin teaching bys practical skills)said that teaching children t feed squirrels culd shw the rewards f treating a weaker creature with sympathy, says Bensn. （Bensn说，20世纪10年代，美国童子军的一位领导人说，教孩子喂松鼠可以显示出同情地对待弱小动物的回报。）可知，这名童子军领导支持喂养松鼠的行为，故选C。
3.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的By the 1950s thse wrking animals had been mved t the cuntryside（到20世纪50年代，这些动物已经被转移到农村）和第五段中的Befre lng, peple s enthusiasm frsquirrels wre ff, and they started t see them as annyances. By the 1970s many parks banned feeding the creatures（不久，人们对松鼠的热情就消退了，他们开始把松鼠视为讨厌的东西。到20世纪70年代，许多公园禁止给这些动物喂食。）由此推断出，在20世纪60年代左右，城市松鼠开始失宠，故选B。
4.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的cnstructive和 a gd thing等关键词，以及 It’s gd fr the sul可判断Bensn认为松鼠应该被允许留在城市里，故选C。
Passage 2
【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。随着技术的进步，人与人之间的联系变得越来越容易，但在数字通信中更容易违反某些新的交流规则而无意识地陷入两难境地。对此许多人对这种现象表达了忧虑。
1.C 【解析】推理判断题。由第二段“But the ne thing that he hates mre than anything else in life is the terrible ne-wrd message”可知，在生活中他最痛恨的一件事就是一个字的信息。所以通过关键词“hate, terrible”可以判断出，马克不能忍受一个字的信息。故C选项正确。
2.B 【解析】推理判断题。由第一段“Dn’t call until yu’ve texted t cnfirm it’s OK t call”可知，在你发短信确认可以打电话之前不要打电话。很多人都违反了这个交流规则。所以B选项“吉姆没有事先确认就打电话给比尔”违反了沟通交流的规则。故B选项正确。
3.D 【解析】细节理解题。由第五段“Unlike language, digital cmmunicatin can be filled with ambiguus clues (线索、迹象) that the persn n the ther end f the call, text r email may r may nt easily understand.”可知，与语言不同的是，数字通信可以充满模糊的线索。电话、文本或电子邮件另一端的人可能很容易理解什么意思，也可能不容易理解是什么意思。所以为什么人们在数字通信中会产生误解是因为人们在没有明确线索的情况下会收到错误的信息。故D选项正确。
4.B 【解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，随着技术的进步，人与人之间的联系变得越来越容易，但更容易违反某些新的交流规则而无意识地陷入两难境地。对此许多人对这种现象表达了忧虑。所以判断出短文目的就是期望人们能够在数字通信过程中要注意规则。所以读了这篇文章后，人们被期望能够在数字通信过程中要注意规则。故B选项正确。
Passage3
【文章大意】每年被扔掉的旧手机不计其数，但是你可以利用你的旧手机自制一台自行车行车记录仪，这样不仅锻炼了你的动手能力，而且又省钱又环保。
1.D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第一段＂With the camera, yu can recrd yur rides, which is especially helpful if yu are invlved in a crash with anther vehicle.＂可推断出，安装自行车行车记录仪可以在事故中避免一些不必要的争论。
2.C【解析】考查代词指代。根据上下文可知，要想把旧手机当行车记录仪固定在自行车上，你必须拿两条耐用的重型尼龙搭扣和两个管夹，一个平角撑把旧手机绑好。故此处it指代the smartphne。
3.A【解析】考查细节理解。根据第三段中的＂By using heavy-duty Velcr, yu shuldn’t have t wrry abut the camera cming lse.＂可知，重型尼龙搭扣能很好地固定住手机。
4.B【解析】考查推理判断。根据文章最后一段中的＂but yu will be giving yurself a way t prtect yurself in a friendly, ec-friendly manner that is much less expensive than purchasing a dash cam＂可推断出，自制行车记录仪在某种程度上对环境有益处。
Passage4
【文章大意】在孩子的成长过程中，父母的教育与期望值要有一个“度”，不能揠苗助长；同时，父母也要以身作则，为孩子树立一个榜样。
1.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段开头的“In bringing up children，every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisitin f each new skill”可知，既然是每位父母都会这样做，那么这种做法在父母中就是普遍的，故选B。
2.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段第二句“It is ften tempting t hurry the child beynd his natural learning rate，but this can set Up dangerus feelings f failure and states f wrry in the child”可知，在孩于成长过程中，父母不能拔苗助长。文章第一段末句又说：“On the ther hand，thugh，if a child is left alne t much，r withut any learning pprtunities，he lses his natural enthusiasm fr life and his desire t find ut new things fr himself”，这说明对孩子太放任自流同样不利。根据这两方面可知父母对孩子的“严”与“松”之间应有一个恰当的“度”。故选C。
3.C 【解析】主旨大意题。文章第二段的大意是“父母对孩子的严格程度有很大的不同”。故选C。
4.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第三段第四句“If they are nt sincere and d nt practice…”及文章最后一段可以得出结论，关于道德教育问题，父母应该以身作则，做孩子的好榜样，故选A。
Passage3
【文章大意】文章描述作者和两个女孩骑马比赛，这让作者感到兴奋，也感到虽然自己上了年纪，但是有一颗年轻的心。
1. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的句子＂We were tw miles frm hme when, fr sme unexplainable reasn,I pushed Tawny int a gallp(飞驰). The ther hrses were anxius t catch up, and just like that, the race was n.＂可知，作者的马飞驰起来使得其它马想要赶上。故选A。
2. D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的句子＂Taylre’s face glwed. She gave me a high five. ‘Ww, yu did well,’ she said.’I knew yu’d g fast when yu were ready.’＂可知，作者的出色的表现让Taylre很惊讶。故选D。
3. A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子＂I was still nervus frm the crazy pace. My heart punded t, but nt frm exercise. …Because despite my wrinkles (皱纹), glasses and gray hair, I was feeling yung at heart.＂可知，比赛结束的时候，作者的心狂跳因为他感觉兴奋而且年轻。故选A。
4. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段的句子＂like a hrse n a warm summer day,＂可知，作者感觉自己像温暖夏日的马，总是准备好享受一番。故选B。
Passage4
【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响可能会显著影响咖啡。到2050年，世界上适合种植咖啡的面积将减少一半。咖啡产业的变化会对社会造成很多影响。
1.C 【解析】词义猜测题。下文This sensitivity t temperature puts the plant at increased risk f the effects f climate change.说这种对温度的敏感性增加了植物受到气候变化影响的风险。由此推断出，上文的意思是阿拉比卡咖啡的产量占所有商业咖啡的70%，在典型的天气条件下，即使气温只上升了半度，也会对其产生不利影响。"adversely "意思是有害的，A. slightly. 轻微地；B. temprarily.临时地；C. harmfully. 有害的；D. gradually. 逐步地，故选C。
2.A 【解析】推理判断题。答案定位在第五段Cffee prductin is likely t then be pushed t higher elevatins t take advantage f lwer temperatures, but this will nt be enugh t make up fr lst lwland areas.（咖啡生产很可能会被推到更高的海拔，以利用更低的温度，但这将不足以弥补失去的低地地区。）由此推断出，人们要在高地地区种植咖啡是为了适应温度的变化，故选A。
3.B 【解析】推理判断题。答案定位在倒数第二段Cffee is the secnd mst traded gds by develping natins, and the inability f prducer natins t exprt it culd cause dramatic chain reactins in their ecnmies.(咖啡是发展中国家的第二大贸易商品，而生产国无法出口咖啡，可能会在其经济中引发巨大的连锁反应)和最后一段Nt nly that, but the ecnmic effects will cst the West millins in increased freign aid.（不仅如此，其经济影响还将使西方国家在增加对外援助方面损失数百万美元。）由此推断出，这些小的变化也可能产生大的影响，故选B。
4.B 【解析】推理判断题。答案定位在第一段a new reprt suggests that the effects f climate change may significantly affect cffee.（一份新的报告表明，气候变化的影响可能会显著影响咖啡。）和第五段Indeed, studies claim that by 2050 the area f the wrld suitable fr grwing cffee will be cut by half.（事实上，研究表明，到2050年，世界上适合种植咖啡的面积将减少一半。）由此推断出，作者对咖啡生产的未来很担忧，故选B。