2025版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题4第1讲名词课件

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题4第1讲名词课件，共53页。PPT课件主要包含了engagement，existence，admission，growth，抽象名词具体化，supplies，decades，leaves，copies，girls等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点突破 · 精讲即练
考点一　名词的构词规律1．动词变名词的后缀
2．形容词变名词的后缀
即时演练(一)单句语法填空1．I had t refuse yur invitatin because f a precius ____________ (engage)．2．A cllectin f archaelgical evidence has cnfirmed the _________ (exist) f rhins in ancient China.3．The cmpany's silence n the subject has been taken as an ________ (admit) f guilt.
4. What made her succeed later n was the kindness and ____________ (cnsider) she shwed t all her patients.5．Meanwhile, a big turism cmpany said its rural turism business has shwn significant ptential fr future ________ (grw) in the recent three years.
cnsideratin
考点二　名词的数1．可数名词的6种复数变化形式
2.有些可数名词复数形式不是以加-s或-es构成，它们的构成形式不规则
【点津】fish表示“鱼肉”时，为不可数名词；表示“鱼的条数”时，其复数形式与单数形式相同；但表示“不同种类的鱼”时，其复数形式为fishes。
3．合成可数名词的复数(1)若有中心词，则把中心词变成复数；若无中心词，则把最后一个词变成复数。passer-by→passers-by, sister-in-law→sisters-in-law, grwn-up→grwn-ups(2)“man/wman＋中心名词”变复数时，作定语的man/wman和中心名词都要变复数。wman engineer→wmen engineers
4．常见的10个不可数名词fun乐趣prgress进步wrk工作advice建议infrmatin信息hmewrk家庭作业equipment设备weather天气husewrk家务furniture家具
即时演练(二)单句语法填空1．Therefre, daily _________ (supply) were sent t me by my children s I culd avid ging ut.2．And utstanding r gifted players will als have the chance t jin inter-schl teams fr reginal ______________ (cmpete) and even natinal summer camps.
3．And ne f his sngs, Let the Wrld Be Filled with Lve, has enjyed great ppularity all ver the cuntry fr _________ (decade)．4．My mther wuld sit by the windw, watching the falling ________ (leaf) frm the trees flating in the air.5．In additin t bks, many libraries als ffer digital ________ (cpy) f bks, audibks, mvies, and mre thrugh Internet platfrms.
考点三　名词所有格及名词作定语一、名词所有格1．-'s所有格(1)and连接的并列名词表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加-'s 或'；表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加-'s或'。Tm's and Jim's rms汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间Tm and Jim's rm汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间(2)表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。at the barber's在理发店
2．f所有格无生命的事物的名词通常用f所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用f所有格。the name f the girl ver there那边那个女孩的名字3．双重所有格“名词＋f＋名词所有格”或“名词＋f＋名词性物主代词”。a pht f mine我的一张照片a play f Shakespeare's莎士比亚的一个戏剧
二、名词作定语名词作定语可以用来修饰另一个名词，表示材料、类别、用途等，作定语的名词有以下三种形式：1．一般用单数形式。a stne bridge 一座石桥a meeting rm一间会议室mrning exercise早操Lndn Airprt伦敦机场a stry bk一本故事书a she shp一家鞋店
2．man，wman要与所修饰的名词的数保持一致。a wman teacher一位女教师tw wmen teachers两位女教师3．sprts, sales, clthes, gds, arts, custms等一般用复数形式。a sprts meet运动会a gds train货运列车a custms fficer海关官员a sales manager销售部经理
即时演练(三)单句语法填空/完成句子1．There is a nice picture in the little ________ (girl) bedrm. She likes it very much.2．He ges t wrk by car. His huse is tw ________ (hur) drive frm his ffice in the city.3．It was a gd pprtunity fr me t experience the __________ (natin) diverse custms and traditins.
4．Unlike lder generatins wh might favr Western culture and brands，Chinese yuth were brn and raised when the ___________ (cuntry) ecnmy was taking ff, s they tend t have strng cnfidence in their natinal identity and culture.5．______________________ (约翰和玛丽的妈妈) was uncnscius fr five hurs after being admitted t hspital. 6．____________________ (两位女老师) and fur girl students were praised at the meeting yesterday.
Jhn and Mary's mther
Tw wmen teachers
集训夯基 · 素养提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2023·全国甲卷)Hwever，Carsn's theme is a mre weighty _________(warn) abut envirnmental destructin.解析：考查名词。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，此处用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
2．(2023·全国乙卷)But fr all its ancient buildings，Beijing is als a place which welcmes the fast-paced develpment f mdern life，with 21st-century architectural _________(wnder) standing side by side with histrical buildings f the past.解析：考查名词复数。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“histrical buildings f the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wnders。
3．(2023·浙江1月卷)Thanks t Beijing's lng histry as capital f China，almst every hutng has its stries，and sme are even assciated with histric ________(event)．解析：考查名词复数。event(事件)在此为可数名词，因histric 前面没有不定冠词，故event应用复数形式。故填events。
4．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate _____________(ppulatin) and hmes f giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild. 解析：考查名词复数。ppulatin在此处表示“种群”，为可数名词；根据空前的separate“不同的；分开的”可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。故填ppulatins。
5．(2022·全国甲卷) Ca and Wu als cllected garbage alng the rad, in rder t prmte envirnmental ____________(prtect). 解析：考查名词。空前是形容词envirnmental，修饰名词，故填prtectin。
6．(2024·浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are n lnger ding “buy n get n free” prmtins because f the ___________(criticize) that they lead t waste.解析：考查词性转换。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。由句意可知，此处应填名词criticism表示“批评”作介词f的宾语。
7．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He saved my _______ (sn) life, said Mrs. Brwn.解析：考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词sn之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填sn's。 8．(2022·浙江卷)When the answer was n, she declined the ________ (invite)．解析：考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语。故填invitatin。
9．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we ________ (human) are.解析：考查名词复数。句意：一旦你到达山顶，你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。表示“人类”，常用复数名词humans，此处作we的同位语。故填humans。
10．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)A cmpany _______________ (represent) wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver frm plastic t paper cups n all f its 1,200 daily flights.解析：考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1 200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词a修饰，用名词单数。故填representative。
representative
11．(2021·浙江卷)In 1844 they bught it fr $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their __________ (marry)ceremny in 1842.解析：考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1 200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了它(这座房子)和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremny，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry为动词，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremny意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
12．(2021·浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a __________ (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 is cnsidered healthy.解析：考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，persn是修饰weight的，要用 persn的名词所有格persn's。故填persn's。
13．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared __________ (interesting) and creative activities.解析：考查名词。句意：这将真正有助于通过共同的兴趣和创造性的活动来凝聚我们的居民。根据空前的形容词shared以及shared前的a可知，空处应填单数可数名词。故填interest。
14．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Yu might think abut psting what yu lking fr n scial media, but it prbably wn't result in a useful __________ (respnd)．解析：考查名词。句意：你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你正在寻找的事情，但它可能不会导致一个有用的回应。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填respnse。
15．(2020·浙江卷)Later，they learned t wrk with the _________ (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas, making use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.解析：考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasns。
16．(2020·浙江1月卷)Fr Japan, the _________(number)are mre striking—22 in 1950, 46 tday and 53 in 2050.解析：考查名词复数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式。故填numbers。
Ⅱ.语法填空名词专练Decrating with Plants，Fruits and Flwers fr Chinese New YearChinese New Year is a_______________(celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the __________(begin) f spring.This is why decrating with plants，fruits and flwers carries special _____________(significant)．They represent the earth cming back t ________(live) and best wishes fr new beginnings.
1.celebratin
2.beginning
3.significance
These are sme f the mst ppular in many parts f the cuntry：Oranges：Orange trees are mre than ______________(decrate)；they are a symbl f gd frtune and __________(wealthy)．They make great gifts and yu see them many _________(time) decrated with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
Bamb：Chinese lve their“Lucky Bamb” plants and yu will see them ften in their hmes and ffices.Certainly during the hliday perid，this plant is_____ must.Bamb plants are assciated with health，abundance and a happy hme.They are easy t care fr and make great ______________(present)．
_____________(branch) f Plum Blssms(梅花)：The beautiful lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins.The plum trees are the first t flwer even as the snw is melting(融化)．They represent the prmise f spring and a renewal f life.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国新年常见的三种装饰物——橘子树、富贵竹和梅花枝，以及它们的美好寓意。
10.Branches
解析：1．考查名词。由空前的不定冠词a可知，后接名词形式。故填celebratin。2．考查名词。和前面的“the end f the winter seasn”并列，是名词词组，begin的名词形式为beginning。故填beginning。3．考查名词。此处作谓语动词carries的宾语，应该用名词形式。故填significance。
4．考查名词。作介词t的宾语，用名词或动名词形式，结合句意可知填life。故填life。5．考查名词。根据句意以及句子结构可知，应用名词形式。故填decratin。6．考查名词。与gd frtune共同作f的宾语，所以用名词形式。故填wealth。7．考查名词复数。time表示次数，是可数名词，用在many 之后。故填times。