2025版高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第四册Unit3SeaExploration提能训练

这是一份2025版高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第四册Unit3SeaExploration提能训练，共10页。试卷主要包含了being　 n light等内容，欢迎下载使用。

A
(2023·沈阳市郊联体联考)
Earth is far mre alive than we previusly thught, accrding t “deep life” studies that reveal a rich ecsystem beneath ur feet that is almst twice the size f all the wrld's ceans.Despite extreme heat, n light and intense pressure, scientists estimate it has between 15 billin and 23 billin tnnes f micrrganisms.“It's like finding a whle new reservir(储藏) f life n Earth，” said Karen Llyd, an assciate prfessr at the University f Tenesse.
Results suggest 70 percent f Earth's bacteria and archaea exist in the subsurface.One rganism fund 2.5 kilmeters belw the surface has been buried fr millins f years and may nt rely at all n energy frm the sun.Als, the methangen(产甲烷菌) has fund a way t create methane in this envirnment, which it may nt use t reprduce r divide, but use t replace r repair brken parts.Lengths f their lives were cmpletely different.Sme micrrganisms have been alive fr thusands f years, barely mving except with shifts in earthquakes r eruptins.They're just active inside, with less energy than peple thught pssible t supprt life.
The team cnsists f 1,200 scientists frm 52 cuntries in disciplines ranging frm gelgy and micrbilgy t chemistry and physics.A year befre the cnclusin f their study, they will present the findings befre the American Gephysical Unin's annual meeting pens this week, which they say are made pssible by technical advances n drills and micrscpes.
The scientists have been wndering abut the pint beynd which life cannt exist, but the deeper they dig, the mre life they find.There is a temperature maximum—currently 122 ℃， but they believe this recrd will be brken if they keep explring and develping mre advanced instruments.
Questins remain, including hw the micrbes interact with chemical prcesses, and what this might reveal abut hw life and Earth cevlved.
语篇导读：本文介绍了科学家们进行了“深海生命”研究，在寻找生命的深度极限的过程中，他们发现在地下有一个丰富的生态系统。
1．What d the scientists find abut the undergrund rganisms？ D
A．They can't reprduce and divide.
B．They're the ldest living things.
C．Sme f them cnsume n energy.
D．Sme f them almst always keep still.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sme micrrganisms have been alive fr thusands f years, barely mving except with shifts in earthquakes r eruptins.”可知，有些微生物已经存活了数千年，除了在地震或火山爆发时出现移动外，几乎不动。因此，一些地下生物几乎总是保持静止状态。故选D。
2．What can we learn abut the research frm Paragraph 3？ B
A．It lasts fr arund ne year.
B．It invlves effrts frm multiple fields.
C．It prmtes technical develpment.
D．It is cnducted in 52 cuntries.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The team cnsists f 1,200 scientists frm 52 cuntries in disciplines ranging frm gelgy and micrbilgy t chemistry and physics.”可知，该团队由来自52个国家的1 200名科学家组成，涉及从地质学、微生物学到化学和物理学等学科。因此，多个领域的科学家们共同参与了这个研究。故选B。
3．Why des the scientists drill deep？ B
A．T break their previus recrd.
B．T find the depth limit f life.
C．T discver mre ancient micrrganisms.
D．T detect the highest subsurface temperature.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The scientists have been wndering abut the pint beynd which life cannt exist, but the deeper they dig, the mre life they find.”可知，科学家们一直想知道生命存在的极限，但他们挖掘得越深，发现的生命越多。因此，科学家们挖掘得深是在寻找生命的深度极限。故选B。
4．What is the best title fr the text？ A
A．Earth's Depths Are Full f Life
B．Organisms Live Better Undergrund
C．Earth Is Far Beynd Human Explratin
D．Subsurface Life Differs Frm That n Land
解析：标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“Earth is far mre alive than we previusly thught... that is almst twice the size f all the wrld's ceans.”可知，根据“深海生命”研究，地球远比我们之前认为的更有活力。该研究揭示，在我们脚下有一个丰富的生态系统，其规模几乎是世界上所有海洋体积的两倍。因此，地球的深处蕴含着丰富的生命。故选A。
B
(2023·南京市学情调研)
Plastic fishing nets, the s-called ghst nets, abandned yearly in the sea—abut 1 millin tns—are mre than just rubbish；they're a killer.Fish, seabirds, and turtles get caught in the netting and die, with mre species at risk.
Much shcked at this, Pranveer Singh Rathre, a materials-science engineer and materials R & D Manager at Samsung, and his team set themselves the task f giving new life t the deadly nets.Last mnth, Samsung revealed a new line f Galaxy prducts made in part frm recycled plastic fishing nets fr the first time.The cmpany estimates this year alne it can recycle ver 50 tns f cean-bund plastic int the key cmpnents that will g int its smartphnes, tablets, and cmputers, thus taking a bite ut f the glbal ghst nets prblem.
It's n small task t give waste fishing nets a secnd act.The nets are typically made f a substance called nyln which tends t dramatically degrade(降解) the lnger it sits in the cean and is expsed t the sun.“This makes it nearly impssible t use abandned fishing nets directly，” Rathre explains.Besides, high-perfrmance smartphnes, tablet cmputers, r PCs have t be waterprf and be able t survive severe weather.The nyln in the fishing nets falls far shrt f that level f durability.
T deal with that prblem, Samsung last summer teamed up with tw partners: ne t cllect and transfrm the nets int tiny nyln pellets(团粒) while the ther t strengthen their tughness and durability.The end result：The partners hit upn an ec-friendly and high-perfrmance plastic material that's being used t build the cmpnent parts fr its latest line f prducts.Fr example, tw parts f the Galaxy S22 mbile phne—the key bracket and the inner cver—are made f these plastic fishing net materials.Samsung aims t use even mre upcycled materials in future prduct lines.
“That's the hpe fr the glbe and ur missin，”Rathre smiles.
语篇导读：文章介绍了塑料渔网——“鬼网”的使用对海鸟、海龟等海洋生物造成的危害，解释了其背后的原因，并说明了解决方案：三星公司回收改造了这些海洋垃圾，将其制成电子产品的部件。
5．What des the underlined wrd “this” in Paragraph 2 refer t？ D
A．Rubbish in the sea.
B．Recycling the deadly nets.
C．Ocean species' extinctin.
D．Ghst nets' threat t sea life.
解析：词义猜测题。通读第一段可知，被称为“鬼网”的塑料渔网不仅仅是垃圾，它对很多海洋生物造成了威胁。this位于第二段首句，结合语境可知，它指代的是“鬼网对海洋生物造成的威胁”。故选D。
6．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut？ C
A．The lw level f durability f nyln.
B．The secnd act f waste fishing nets.
C．The great difficulty in reusing ghst nets.
D．The psitive cmment n Samsung's prducts.
解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段的“The nyln in... level f durability.”可知，渔网中的尼龙远远达不到电子元件那种耐用性。这仅仅解释 了“鬼网”二次使用的难处之一，不能概括段意。 A错误；问题问的是第三段的主旨，根据第三段首句可知，该段重点阐述了“废弃渔网二次使用的困难”，而不是“废弃渔网的二次使用”。 B错误；通读第三段内容可知，该段第一句“It's n small... a secnd act.”为主题句，揭示了废弃渔网二次使用的困难。该段下文针对废弃渔网的再利用难题进行了叙述。 C正确；通读第三段内容可知，该段客观地阐述了“鬼网”二次使用的困难，而不是对三星公司产品的正面评价。 D错误。故选C。
7．What is special abut Samsung's new Galaxy prducts?
D
A．They are made frm tiny nyln pellets.
B．They put an end t the prblem f fishing nets.
C．They can stand up t water and severe weather.
D．They cntain materials recycled frm ghst nets.
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“T deal with that prblem... strengthen their tughness and durability.”可知，三星的一个合作伙伴收集“鬼网”并将其加工成微小的尼龙团粒，并没有提及三星新Galaxy系列产品是由微小的尼龙团粒制成的。 A错误；通读第四段内容可知，三星产品在改造过程中确实使用了“鬼网”，但并不能解决所有渔网的问题。 B错误；根据第三段最后两句可知，高性能智能手机、平板电脑或个人电脑必须防水，并能适应恶劣的天气；而渔网中的尼龙则远远达不到那种耐用性。故可知防水并能适应恶劣天气的事物不是三星Galaxy产品。 C错误；通读第四段内容可知，三星Galaxy产品在改造的过程中再利用了“鬼网”，三星公司将其做成了新产品中的部件。 D正确。故选D。
8．What can we learn abut Rathre's wrk？ C
A．It makes plastic easier t break dwn.
B．It marks the shift f Samsung's missin.
C．It prtects the planet frm chking n plastic.
D．It raises public awareness f cean explratin.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Much shcked at... the deadly nets.”可知， Rathre和他的团队致力于给“鬼网”新生，对其进行再次利用。再结合最后一段Rathre说的话及全文其他内容可知，他的工作可以保护地球不被塑料堵塞。故选C。
C
(2024·河北省沧州市普高质监)
Magnetic fields are prmising t be a useful tl in the hunt fr human settlements that have been lst t the sea ff the cast f the UK.An upcming prject is set t use magnetmetry (磁力测定) data t seek Dggerland, the flded land that cnnected Britain t mainland Eurpe until the end f the Ice Age, but there's hpe that this technique culd be used t find lng-lst civilizatins all ver the wrld.
The study cmes frm the University f Bradfrd in the UK.Their plan is t clsely lk at magnetmetry data gathered frm a prtin f the Nrth Sea and attempt t identify any strange anmalies (异常) that culd suggest the presence f archaelgical structures.
The team is especially keen t use these techniques t lk fr traces f human activities beneath the Nrth Sea since it's thught t have been hme t sme f the largest prehistric settlements in Eurpe.Befre it was flded ver 8,000 years ag.Dggerland was a rich and diverse habitat that likely attracted prehistric humans and thers.Despite its ptential that lays beneath the Nrth Sea, we knw relatively little abut the culture that nce was develped here.
“As the area we are studying used t be abve sea level, there's a small chance this analysis culd even reveal evidence fr hunter-gatherer activity.That wuld be the mst imprtant part.” Ben Urmstn, PhD student at the University f Bradfrd, said in a statement.“We might als discver the presence f middens, which are rubbish dumps that cnsist f animal bnes, shells and ther bilgical material that can tell us a lt abut hw peple lived.”
Remarkably little f the wrld's ceans have been explred, let alne fr the purpses f archaelgy.Nevertheless, advances in technlgy are cntinuing t shw that the castlines are hiding cuntless traces f ancient human activities, even evidence f lng-lst civilizatins.
Thanks t prjects like the ne at the University f Bradfrd, as well as many thers, the future f marine archaelgy is lking prmising.Nevertheless, we have t be patient.Just dn't expect t stumble acrss the sunken city f Atlantis anytime sn.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了磁场有望成为寻找英国沿海消失的人类定居点的有用工具。
9．Why is magnetmetry data used in this prject？ C
A．T trace the ice mvement.
B．T measure Dggerland.
C．T find a lst ancient land.
D．T explre the histry f Britain.
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“An upcming prject is set t use magnetmetry (磁力测定) data t seek Dggerland, the flded land that cnnected Britain t mainland Eurpe until the end f the Ice Age, but there's hpe that this technique culd be used t find lng-lst civilizatins all ver the wrld.(一个即将到来的项目将使用磁力测定数据来寻找多格兰。这片被洪水淹没的土地一直连接着英国和欧洲大陆，直到冰河时代结束，但这项技术有望在世界各地找到失传已久的文明。)”可知，使用磁力测定的数据是为了寻找一块被海水淹没的古老陆地——多格兰。故选C。
10．What d we knw abut Dggerland ver 8,000 years ag？ A
A．Its civilizatin is little knwn t us.
B．It was a place that was ften flded.
C．It was a deserted island with few peple.
D．Its lcatin has nt yet been cnfirmed.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中 “Befre it was flded ver 8,000 years ag, Dggerland was a rich and diverse habitat that likely attracted prehistric humans and thers.Despite its ptential that lays beneath the Nrth Sea, we knw relatively little abut the culture that nce was develped here.(在8,000多年前被洪水淹没之前，多格兰是一个丰富多样的栖息地，可能吸引了史前人类和其他物种。尽管北海海底蕴藏着巨大的潜力，但我们对这里曾经形成的文化却知之甚少。)”和关键词“knw relatively little”可知，我们对8,000多年前的多格兰文明知之甚少。故选A。
11．What is Ben Urmstn's attitude tward this analysis？ D
A．Uncaring. B．Subjective.
C．Shcked. D．Favurable.
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中本·乌尔姆斯顿 所说的“As the area we are studying used t be abve sea level, there's a small chance this analysis culd even reveal evidence fr hunter-gatherer activity.That wuld be the mst imprtant part.(由于我们正在研究的地区曾经高于海平面，因此这项分析甚至有很小的机会揭示狩猎采集活动的证据。这将是最重要的部分。)”可推断，本·乌尔姆斯顿认为这项分析很有意义，所以他的态度是赞成的。A.Uncaring漠不关心的；B.Subjective主观的；C.Shcked震惊的；D.Favurable支持的。故选D。
12．What d the underlined wrds “stumble acrss” in the last paragraph mean？ D
A．Display. B．Assess.
C．Restre. D．Discver.
解析：词义猜测题。最后一段“Thanks t prjects like the ne at the University f Bradfrd, as well as many thers, the future f marine archaelgy is lking prmising.(多亏了像布拉德福德大学这样的项目，以及其他许多项目，海洋考古学的未来看起来很有希望。)”强调海洋考古学的未来有希望，紧接着用Nevertheless一转“Nevertheless, we have t be patient.(然而我们必须要有耐心。)”告诉我们必须要有耐心，由此推测，作者想告诉我们，即使有了这项技术，我们也不会很快发现沉没在海底的文明。综合分析可知，该画线短语与discver 意思相同。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·四省联考)
There has been a very serius decline in the numbers f shallw-water fish as a result f verfishing.Peple still want t eat fish, s the fishing industry must lk at ther surces, especially the deep waters f the Atlantic. 1.G
Cnservatin measures will have t be put in place if these deep-sea fish are t survive.Research n five such species shws that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. 2.D Many species culd well disappear cmpletely if the present trend cntinues.These are species that have been swimming in ur ceans fr hundreds f millins f years.
The prblem is emphasized by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years.Deep-sea fish take a lng time t reprduce and nrmally live fr many years. 3.C The average size f such fish als declined, with ne species shwing a 57 percent decline in average size.This is f particular cncern, as large fish tend t prduce mre ffspring than small nes.
4.E The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding(快速繁殖) fish like sardine and herring.It is like killing elephants as if they reprduced at the same rate as rabbits.
The damage dne by verfishing ges beynd the sea envirnment.Millins f peple make a living in the fishing industry. 5.A Measures must be taken t nt nly cnserve ecsystems, but als sustain livelihds and insure fd security.
A．Billins f peple rely n fish fr prtein.
B．Many peple nw chse nt t eat deep-sea fish.
C．Unfrtunately, their reprductin rate is very lw.
D．This puts them in the categry f “critically endangered”．
E．Nne f these facts has been taken int accunt by the fishing industry.
F．Overfishing is a majr cause f decline in ppulatins f cean wildlife.
G．This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers f many f the species caught.
语篇导读：本文主要介绍了过度捕捞导致鱼类数量下降，影响了海洋环境，因此必须采取措施保护生态系统，维持生计和粮食安全。
解析：
1. 根据设空处所在的位置可知，设空处应总结上文内容，即过度捕捞导致鱼类种群和数量下降。G项(这导致了很多被捕物种的数量急剧下降)意义连贯，符合语境。故选G。
2．根据上文“shws that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent”及下文“Many species culd well disappear cmpletely if the present trend cntinues.”可知，此处应介绍鱼类种群和数量急剧下降导致的结果，D项(这使它们被列入“极危”的范畴)衔接上下文，符合语境。故选D。
3．根据空前“Deep-sea fish take a lng time t reprduce”及空后“ declined, with ne species shwing a 57 percent decline in average size.”可知，深海鱼类繁殖和生长周期很长，这些原因导致这些鱼群规模变小，故C项(不幸的是，它们的繁殖率很低)符合语境。故选C。
4．根据下文“The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding fish like sardine and herring.It is like killing elephants as if they reprduced at the same rate as rabbits.”可知，捕鱼者意识不到这种危害性，依然我行我素。E项(这些事实中没有一个让捕鱼业引起重视)符合语境。故选E。
5．根据上文“Millins f peple make a living in the fishing industry.”及下文“Measures must be taken t nt nly cnserve ecsystems, but als sustain livelihds and insure fd security.”可知，设空处应说明采取措施的原因，且要与livelihds和fd security相关。故A项(数十亿人依赖鱼来获取蛋白质)能承接上下文，符合语境。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2024·湖南省五市联考)
We lk upward and wnder what lies 1.utside/beynd ur planet.Our curisity abut uter space has remained unshakeable.Meanwhile, it is estimated that mre than eighty percent f the wrld's ceans are unexplred.S if we want t find undiscvered and unusual gelgical frmatins, the cean is als 2.what we shuld als be lking at.Then why dn't we dive t the bttm f a really deep cean and take 3.a thrugh and lng lk beneath the waves?
The first 200 meters f ur dive 4.takes (take) us thrugh what can be called the pen cean, where mst visible light exists.Sinking belw 200 meters, we enter the twilight zne where hunters with telescpic, upward-pinting eyes are living.Cnsequently, the fish mst likely 5.t be eaten (eat) have evlved t have thin bdies s that they are less easily seen frm belw.
Passing 1,000 meters, we have reached the deep cean, there 6.being (be) n light.The pressure there is huge and can be mre than 100 times 7.that f the Earth's atmsphere.It is then surprising that many creatures can live in this extreme envirnment, which can't rely 8.slely (sle) n their eyesight t survive. 9.Where there is life, there is amazement.With s much f the cean 10.left (leave) t explre, wh knws what wnders still await us in the future?
语篇导读：世界上大部分海洋未被探索，本文介绍了海底世界都有什么。
解析：
1．考查介词。句意为：我们抬头仰望，想知道我们星球之外有什么。根据句意以及下一句中的uter space可知，此处应表示“在……的外面”。故填utside/beynd。
2．考查名词性从句。句意为：所以，如果我们想要找到还未发现和不同寻常的地质构造，那么海洋也是我们应该关注的领域。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导表语从句，引导词在表语从句中作 lking at 的宾语，表示“……的领域”，指物，应用 what 引导该从句。故填what。
3．考查冠词。句意为：那么我们为什么不潜入深海底部，在海浪之下做一次彻底而长期的观察呢？take a lk 是固定短语，意为“看一看”，且 thrugh 的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
4．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为：开始的200米潜海带我们穿过了所谓的开阔海域，此区域有大部分可见光。分析句子结构可知，此处应是谓语动词，根据下一句中的we enter可知，此处应用一般现在时；主语The first 200 meters f ur dive为单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填takes。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意为：结果是，很可能被吃掉的鱼进化成了身体瘦小的鱼，这样它们从下方就不太容易被发现。be likely t d 意为“很可能……”， fish和eat之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应填动词不定式的被动形式。故填t be eaten。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意为：经过1 000米后，我们到达了深海，这里没有了光。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是have reached, 且与设空处之间无连词连接，所以设空处应用非谓语动词形式，和空前的there构成there be句型的独立主格结构。故填being。
7．考查代词。句意为：那里(海底1 000米处)的压力很大，是地球大气压力的 100多倍。根据句意可知，本句是两个地方的压力的比较，所以该空应该指代前面的The pressure；因为pressure是不可数名词，所以用that指代。故填that。
8．考查词性转换。句意为：然后令人吃惊的是，很多生物可以生活在这种(没有光)极端的环境中，它们的存活不能仅仅依靠眼睛视力。此处修饰动词短语 rely n, 应用副词形式。故填slely。
9．考查状语从句。句意为：有生命的地方就会有惊喜。上文提到在海底1,000米的地方竟然有生物的存在，所以此处应该是引导地点状语从句。句首字母要大写。故填Where。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意为：海洋有这么多的东西有待于去探索，谁知道将来会有什么奇迹仍在等着我们呢？分析句子结构可知，设空处应是 with 复合结构中的宾补，因此要用非谓语动词形式， leave 意为“使……处于某种状态”，和宾语much f the cean之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以要用过去分词。故填left。