初中英语人教新目标八年级下册 Unit 2复习（知识点+动词不定式+动词短语）

这是一份初中英语人教新目标八年级下册 Unit 2复习（知识点+动词不定式+动词短语），共7页。
八年级英语下册Unit2复习一、知识点【Section A】P9clean up “打扫（或清除）干净”.eg: I often clean up my room on weekends.cheer up“使变得高兴，振奋起来”（动副词组）eg:Let's sing a song for her to cheer her up.（cheer让她高兴起来）give out=hand out“分发；散发”（动副词组）eg:Can you give the books out,please?（give分发这些书）volunteer to do sth自愿做某事（volunteer也可作名词，“志愿者”）P101.put off“推迟”（动副词组）eg:①You shouldn‘t put off doing your homework.②You should do your homework now,you shouldn't put it off.2.notice sb do sth    注意到某人做了某事notice sb doing sth      注意到某人正在做某事（notice 作名词讲“通知，通告，布告”）3.come up with=think up   想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）eg:Can you think up/come up with a good idea?4.help out with...帮着做某事help sb out    帮某人摆脱困境5.used to do sth过去常常做某事eg:I used to get up late,but now I am used to getting up early.我过去常常起得晚，但现在我习惯了早起。*used to否定为didn't use to/usedn't to.eg:I didn't use to get up late./I usedn't to get up late.6.lonely   adj.“孤独的；寂寞的”，也可表示“偏僻的；人迹罕至的”.eg:①Tom feels/is lonely.Tom感到孤独。②I live in a lonely village. 我住在一个偏僻的乡村。7.care for“照顾；照料”=look after=take care of*look after well=take good care of   照顾好*care about   “关心；在意”P111.give up“放弃”（动副词组）eg:①give it up.           ②give up doing sth.2.such a strong feeling of satisfaction.“如此强烈的满足感”（拓展）such 与 so.“如此；这样”such.adj.  ①such a/an +adj+可数n.单数eg:such a cute panda②such+adj.+可数名词复数eg:such interesting books③so+adj.+a/an+可数n.单数eg:so cute a panda④so many(多)/much(多)/few(少)/little(少)+n.eg:so many peopleso much money3.try out...“参加......选拔、试用”.(表示“参加...选拔”时，常与for连用)eg:Lily went to try out for the singing competition.Lily去参加了唱歌比赛的选拔。P121.put up张贴（动副词组）eg:The man is putting up the notice.那个人正在张贴通告。（拓展）give up放弃；get up起床；cut up切碎；dress up装扮grow up长大；clean up打扫干净；cheer up振奋起来pick up捡起2.try to do sth   努力做某事；设法做某事try doing sth    尝试做某事3.raise money for...“为...筹钱”4.stop to do sth   停下来去做另一件事stop doing sth   停止正在做的事5.alone  adv.“独自；单独地”  He likes living alone.他喜欢独自住。adj.“独自的；单独的” He is alone at home.他一个人在家。*alone与lonely，后者强调人内心感到孤独.eg：Jane was alone at home,but she didn't feel lonely.Jane一个人在家，但她不感到孤独。【Section B】P131.run out of=use up用完eg:I ran out of my paper this morning.今天上午我把纸用完了。（拓展）①run out of也可表示“从......中跑出来”。②run out“用尽；耗尽”（主语通常是被使用的事物，后不接宾语）eg:My paper ran out this morning.今天上午我的纸用完了。2.take after “（外貌或行为）像”eg：Tom takes after his father.Tom像他的爸爸。(拓展)①look like   “看上去像......”，多指外貌，既可指人，也可指物②be like   “像”可指外貌，也可指性格。3.fix up“修理；装饰”（动副词组）       单三-fixeseg:My bike doesn't work,could you fix it up for me?4,be similar to“与......相像、类似”eg:My schoolbag is similar to yours.P141.write a letter to sb=write sb a letter=write to sb 给某人写信注意：hear from sb 收到某人的来信2.thank you for doing sth=thanks for doing sth因做某事而感谢你eg:Thank you for helping me with my English.3.give sth to sb=give sb sth把某物给某人注意：give接双宾语时只能用第一个形式。eg:Give the book to him.=Give him the bookGive it to him.只有这一个说法，而give him it是错误的。4.make a difference to...“对...产生影响”make a big difference to...  对...有很大影响make no difference to...  对...没有影响5.imagine doing stheg:I can't imagine being a deaf.我无法想象变成聋子会是什么样子。6.①difficulty作可数n.，意为“困难；难题；难事”，复数形式为difficulties。②difficult为adj.③difficulty表抽象意义上的困难，是不可数n.have difficulty (in) doing sth做某事有困难7.a friend of mine=one of my friends8.help sb out   帮某人摆脱困难；帮某人解决难题eg:They helped us out with the clean-up.他们帮助我们大扫除。9.a special trained dog    一只经过特殊训练的狗 （trained过去分词做adj.意思是：训练过的）train做及物v.“训练；培训”train sb to do sth   训练某人做某事train sb in sth   在某方面训练某人或培养某人train作不及物v.“锻炼”，相对于exercisetrain  n.火车training  可数n.训练；培训10.be excited about   对......感到兴奋，激动be excited to do sth   对做某事感到兴奋exciting   令人激动的          excited   兴奋的；激动的eg:I am excited about the exciting news.11.change one's life   改变某人的生活P161、take an interest in = be interested in 对......感兴趣2、be strong in = be good at = do well in 擅长；在......方面做得好3、work out fine = work out well “奏效”work out “成功地发展；算出；解决问题” （动副词组）二、动词不定式一、动词不定式做主语1.动词不定式直接做主语。如：To swim in the river is dangerous.在河里游泳是很危险的。To ask the teacher for help is necessary.向老师寻求帮助是有必要的。2.下列特殊句型中的动词不定式做真实主语。▲“It is+形容词+for sb.to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。其中句中的形容词多为描述性的词语，不对人或物的品格进行评价，如difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，impossible等。例1：It is imponant ________ people______ good manners（礼貌）.A.for；to learn B.of；to learnC.for；learn D.of；learn解析：A。句中的important是描述性形容词，因此用介词for，后接动词不定式做真实主语。故选A。▲“It is+形容词+of sb.to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人来说是……的”。其中句中的形容词用于描述人的性格、品质，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等。例2：—Let me help you carry the box，Granny.—Thank you，Li Lei.It’s very nice ________ you _______ me.A.of；to help B.for；to helpC.of；helping D.for；helping解析：A。句中的形容词nice是表示人的品质的形容词，因此后接介词of。of后面的动词不定式做句子的真实主语。故选A。3.“It’s a/one’s+n.（task/duty/job）...+to do sth.”意为“做某事是……的任务/职责/工作”。如：It’s my duty to save patients.治病救人是我的职责。例3：—It’s our duty ________ our city clean and beautiful.—Yes.We should do something for it.A.to keep B.keep C.keeping解析：A。考查“It’s one’s+名词+动词不定式”的用法。故选A。二、动词不定式作表语动词不定式做表语，一般用于be动词或seem等系表动词后面。主语通常是wish，idea，works，task，job，aim等词。如：My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。He seemed to have heard nothing.他似乎什么也没有听到。三、动词不定式做宾语动词不定式做宾语是中考常考考点之一，具体用法分为两种情况：1、一些动词必须接动词不定式做宾语这类动词有want（想要），decide（决定），ask（问、寻求），learn（学习），tell（告诉），teach（教、讲授），hope（希望），plan（计划），refuse（拒绝），expect（期待、期望），afford（负担得起），warn（警告），invite（邀请）等。例4：They decided ________ a bridge over the river.A.build B.to build C.building解析：B。decide to do sth.意为“决定去做某事”。例5：— Some children can’t afford _______ necessarystationary.—Let’s donate our pocket money to them.A.buy B.buying C.to buy D.be bought解析：C。afford to do sth.意为“有能力去做某事”。故选C。2.think，find，feel，make，believe等动词可用于“动词+it+形容词+to do sth.”结构。在此句型中，it做形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。例6：I found _______ not very easy _______ to ride a bike.A.that；learn B.it；to learn C.that；to learn解析：B。句意为：我发现学骑自行车不是很容易。found后用it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式，故选B。四、动词不定式做宾语补足语1.后接带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有ask，want，tell，wish，would like，teach，invite，advise，allow，order，encourage，warn等。例7：My friend invited me ________ the art club，and I accepted it with pleasure.A.join B.to join C.joined D.joining解析：B。invite sb.to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”。故选B。例8：Mr.Smith told his son _________ the football match because of the exam.A.not to watch B.to not watchC.not watching D.doesn’t watch解析：A。tell sb.not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。故选A。2.后接省略to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：一感（feel）；二听（hear，listen to）；三使（make，let，have）；四看（see，watch，notice，look at）”。但要注意的是：在被动语态结构中，应还原动词不定式符号to。例9：what happens when you hear a strange noise at night，or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom？It often makes us ________ .A.jump B.to jump C.jumping D.jumped解析：A。make sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”。例10：The girl was made_________ her brother’s clothes.A.to wash  B.wash  C.washing解析：A。make sb.do sth.意为“使某人做某事”，用于被动语态时，省去的不定式符号to要加上，故选A。五、动词不定式做定语1.动词不定式做定语时位于被修饰词语之后，做后置定语。例11：— We don’t have enough money for our fieldtrip.What shall we do？—The best way _________ money is to sell newspapers.A.raise  B.to raise  C.raising解析：B。答语句意为：筹集资金最好的方式是卖报纸。to raise money做way的后置定语。故选B。2.如果不定式动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，并且该动词是不及物动词，则需要加上适当的介词或副词使动宾关系成立。例12：When you move somewhere new，the first thing for you is to find a place _________.A.to live  B.living in  C.to live in解析：C。句意为：当你搬到一个新的地方时，首先要找一个住处。句中用动词不定式做定语修饰名词，并和所修饰的名词存在动宾关系，排除B项；当动词不定式做定语和前面的名词存在动宾关系，动词若是不及物动词，需要在不定式后面加适当的介词。故选C。六、动词不定式做状语时可以表示目的、结果或原因等。例13：when you leave，please turn off the lights _________ energy.A.save B.to save C.saving D.saved解析：B。本题考查动词不定式做目的状语的用法。句意为：当你离开的时候，请关上所有的灯，以便节约能源。根据句意可知，关灯的目的是节约能源。故选B。例14：Mr.Li is a kind-hearted man.Though he is not rich，he always does everything he can ________  the homeless children.A.to support     B.supportC.supporting     D.supported解析：A。本题考查动词不定式做目的状语的用法。句意为：李先生是个好心人。虽然他并不富有，但他总是愿意竭尽所能地帮助无家可归的孩子。故选A。七、特殊疑问词+动词不定式特殊结构中的动词不定式可以和疑问词who，what，which，why，when，how，where等词连用，构成“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，在句中可以做主语、宾语和表语此结构通常位于下列动词之后：tell，teach，know，wonder，learn，show，find，out，ask，understand等。例15：—So beautiful flowers！I can’t decide _______for my mom.—For Mother’s Day，it can’t be better to takesome carnation （康乃馨）.A.when to choose B.which to chooseC.how to choose解析：B。考查含有特殊疑问词的动词不定式的用法。句意为：如此美丽的花朵我不知道给妈妈买哪一种。——在母亲节，最好送康乃馨。when to choose“什么时候买”；which to choose“买哪一种”；how to choose“怎样选择”。结合句意，选B。例16：I really don’t know __________ this question.It is too hard.A.which to answer B.how to answerC.what to answer解析：B。句意为：我真的不知道如何回答这个问题。它太难了。对“方式或手段”进行提问用疑问词how。故选B。三、动词短语动词与其它词语一起构成的表示动作的短语叫动词短语。短语的结构可分为以下六种基本类型：1、动词+副词这种动词短语若是及物动词时要注意，名词做宾语可以放在副词前面，也可以放在副词后面。若是人称代词做宾语，人称代词要放在动词和副词之间。常见的动副词组有：clean up  打扫cheer up  使某某高兴起来；振奋起来give out=hand out 分发put off 推迟fix up  修理put up 张贴give up 放弃give away 捐赠hand in 上交turn on/off  打开/关掉turn up/down 调大/调小2、动词+介词动词+介词的短语在词意上相当于一个及物动词，宾语总是位于介词的后面。常见的有：look after 照顾take after （长得）像hear from 听说wait for 等候；等待care for 照顾laugh at 嘲笑worry about 担心listen to 听look at 看agree with 同意pay for 付款belong to 属于3、动词+副词+介词这类动词短语，动词、副词、介词三者紧密结合，成为一体，相当于一个及物动词，宾语总是放在介词后面。（介词后接动词要用-ing形式）常见的有：run out of 花光，用尽get out of  离开come up with 想出look forward to 盼望4、动词+名词常见的有;take/ have a rest 休息make mistakes 犯错误take a walk 散步5、动词+名词+介词这类短语只用作及物动词，名词前可加形容词说明程度，宾语位于介词后。常见的有：make friends with 与......交朋友pay attention to 注意take care of 照顾have a look at 看一看6、be+形容词（包括过去分词作形容词）+介词常见的有：be late for 迟到be good at 擅长be similar to 与......相似be strict to 对......要求严格be different from 与......不同be busy with 忙于be excited about对......感兴奋；激动be worried about 担心