专题01 中考词性考点梳理 -【查漏补缺】2024年中考英语复习冲刺过关（江苏专用）

这是一份专题01 中考词性考点梳理 -【查漏补缺】2024年中考英语复习冲刺过关（江苏专用），共18页。试卷主要包含了分类，不定冠词的用法，定冠词的用法，零冠词的用法，指示代词，不定代词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
冠词
一、分类：冠词可分为定冠词，不定冠词和零冠词三类。
二、不定冠词的用法
1)表示“一个”，泛指某个事物或者人物，意为ne
A man is waiting fr yu.
2) 冠词a/an 选择：需要看单词的首字母读音属于元音还是辅音发音。
a useful way / a usual day/ a Eurpean/ a UFO/ …………
an umbrella/ an hnest by/ an hur/ an unhappy girl/ an Mp3 / …………….
3)固定词组
a little / a few / a lt / a great deal f/ many a / as a result/ in a hurry / in a minute / in a wrd / fra while / have a cld / have a try/have a gd time/ have a rest/ have a break/ have a fever/ have a cugh…………..
三、定冠词的用法
1)特指双方都明白的人或物：Take the medicine.
2)上文提到过的人或事：He bught a huse. I’ve been t the huse.
3)指世上独一无二的事物：the sun， the sky， the mn， the earth
4)与形容词或分词连用，表示一类人：the rich; the living, the yung, the ld, the pr, the blind等。
5)用在序数词和形容词的最高级形式及形容词nly， very， same等前面：
Where d yu live? I live n the secnd flr.
6)用在表示身体部位的名词前：
She caught me by the arm.
7)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级等专有名词前：
The Peple’s Republic f China
8)用在表示乐器的名词之前：She plays the pian.
9)用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人(或夫妇俩)： the Greens
10) 用在惯用语中：
in the day，in the mrning (afternn，evening)，the day after tmrrw， the day befre yesterday, the next mrning, in the sky (water，field，cuntry) in the dark, in the middle f, at the centre f, at the end f…., in the end, by the way, g t the theatre, g t the cinema等
四、零冠词的用法
1)国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England，China, Mary, Jack
2)抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词
Failure is the mther f success.失败是成功之母。
3)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词;
We g t schl frm Mnday t Friday.
4)在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前不加冠词;
The guards tk the American t Captain Lee.
5)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词 如：have breakfast，play ftball, play chess
6)当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词;如：by bus，by train;
7)有些个体名词不用冠词; 如：
schl，cllege，prisn，market，hspital，bed，table，class，twn， church，curt 等个体名词，
直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义，如：
g t hspital生病住院；g t the hspital 在医院干别的事情（不是生病）
【注意】不用冠词的序数词
a. 序数词前有物主代词 That’s his thirtieth birthday.
b. 序数词作副词He came first in the race.
c. 在固定词组中at (the) first, first f all, frm first t last
连词
连词是一种虚词，起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。
并列连词
1)and 与r
They sat dwn and talked abut smething.
I saw tw men sitting behind and whispering there.
He can’t sing r dance.
注意：and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（r也有此用法）
Make up yur mind, and yu'll get the chance. = If yu make up yur mind, yu'll get the chance.
One mre effrt, r yu'll never succeed. = If yu dn’t make ne mre effrt, yu'll never succeed.
2)bth …and… 两者都
She plays (bth) the pian and the guitar.
表示选择的并列结构
1) r意思为"否则"。
I must wrk hard, r I'll fail in the exam.
表示转折或对比
1) but表示转折，while表示对比。
Sme peple lve cats, while thers hate them.
2) nt…but… 意思为"不是……而是……"
nt 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
They were nt the bnes f an animal, but (the bnes) f a human being.
表原因关系
1) fr
fr是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。
He is absent tday, fr he is ill.
2) s
He hurt his leg, s he culdn't play in the game.
（三）副词
副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或其他结构。
副词enugh要放在形容词的后面，形容词enugh放在名词前后都可。
I dn't knw him well enugh.
There is enugh fd fr everyne t eat.
There is fd enugh fr everyne t eat.
形容词
1、形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。
1)性质形容词有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：ht
2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid，alive，alne，asleep，awake，ill等。
3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：smething nice
2、以-ly结尾的形容词
1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lvely，lnely，likely，lively，ugly，brtherly，仍为形容词。
2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。
daily，weekly，mnthly，yearly，early
The Times is a daily paper.
3、用形容词表示类别和整体
1） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the pr，the blind，the hungry等。
The pr are lsing hpe.
2） 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。
the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.
The English have wnderful sense f humr.
4、多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
限定词+数量词（序前基后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料
thse + three + beautiful + large + square+ ld + brwn + wd + tables
数词
表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词，数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
一、基数词
1）基数词写法和读法： 345 three hundred and frty-five；
2）基数词一般是单数形式，但下列情况，常用复数：
a. 与f 短语连用，表示概数，不能与具体数目连 用，如scres f peple 指许多人；
b.在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里；
如：They arrived in tws and threes.
c. 表示"几十岁"，如 in his thirties
d. 表示"年代"，用 in +the +数词复数；如in the 1980s
e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里，如：3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.
二、序数词
序数词的缩写形式： first---1st secnd---2nd thirty-first---31st
三、数词的用法
分数表示法
构成口诀：分子基数词，分母序数词。分子大于1，分母加-s：
1/3 ne-third ； 3/37 three and three-sevenths
代词
一、 分类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。
二、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。
1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。
2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。
3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：--Wh is it?(是谁?) –It’s I/me.(是我。)
4. 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“yu→he→I”的顺序表达。
5. 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义, 还可以作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
三、物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。
1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。
2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。
3、“f + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。
四、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。在句中作宾语或同位语
五、指示代词：既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。有this, that, these, thse, such，same，it等
六、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。
注：复合不定代词有12个：smething, smene, smebdy, anything, anyne, anybdy, nthing, nbdy, n ne, everything, everyne, everybdy.
(1)sme和 any 的用法：
sme一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词;用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Wuld yu like sme cffee with sugar?
any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词;用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。
(2)n和nne的用法：
n是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。 nne只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,表示复数或单数。
(3)all和bth的用法：
all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词;也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。 bth指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和bth在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
all和bth既可以修饰名词(all/bth+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/bth + f the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的f 可以省略。
(4)every和each用法：
every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念;
each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念;each可以放在名词前,可以后跟f短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前
(5)ther、the ther和anther的用法： ther意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。 anther意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。
anther(另外的,再一,又一)与the ther(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the ther,在原先基础上增加用anther。
thers与the thers的主要区别：thers指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分);the thers指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。
(6)many和much的用法： many与可数名词复数连用;much与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。 many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上s、very或t.
(7)few、little、a few、a little的用法： few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ;few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。
(8)复合不定代词smebdy ,smething ,anything, nthing ,everything, everybdy等是由sme , any ,n ,every, 加上bdy, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。
smebdy, smething, smene 一般用于肯定句中;anything, anybdy, anyne一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。
介词
介词不能单独在句子当中担当成分，它后面必须接名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类搭配（介词＋宾语）构成介词短语；和动词搭配构成短语动词，然后才能够在句子当中充当成分。
常易混用介词的区别:
1. 表示“上、下”等方位的介词。
2. 表示地点的in和at的区别
a) at表示位置，in表示“在…内”如：
— Where is he?— He is at the cinema. (问话者想知道的是位置)
— Is he in the cinema? — Yes, he is. (问话者可能已经在影院门外)
b) at表示小地点，in表示大地点
They arrived at the village at seven.
They arrived in Beijing at seven.
3. in, t和n在方位名词前的区别
in表示在某范围之内；t表示某范围之外的地方；n表示“毗邻、接壤”
Taiwan lies in the east f China.
Taiwan lies t the east f the mainland f China.
Mnglia (蒙古) is (lies) n the nrth f China.
4.表示时间的in和after
用于将来时态时，in后面接“时段”；after后面接“时点”。试比较：
He will be back in five hurs.
He will be back after five ’clck.
after后面也可接“时段”，但应该用在过去时态的句子中。
They came back after five days.
动词
类别1）系动词
系动词按其所表示的意义可分为以下四种：
1．变化类表事物发展变化的过程，如becme, g, turn, grw, get, fall等。
2．感觉类表人体部位的感受，如feel, smell, taste, lk, sund等。
3．状态类表事物所处的状态，如keep, cme, run, remain, stand, lie, stay, prve等。
4．外表特征类表外表给人的印象，如appear, seem, lk等。
系动词的作用是后接形容词或相当于形容词的结构作表语。除了少数几个（如feel, get, becme, grw等）外，不用于进行时态和被动结构。例如：
The mixture is tasted terrible.（误）
The mixture tastes terrible（正）
Jim pretended t be falling asleep when his mther came in.（误）
Jim pretended t fall /be asleep when his mther came in.（正）
I'm feeling much better than ever befre.
It was getting darker and darker. Besides, a cld rain began t fall.
类别2）使役动词
表“致使”意义的动词称之为使役动词，如make, let, have, keep, leave, set, send等。使役动词的作用是后接非谓语动词的不同形式作宾语补足语，表达不同的含义。分以下三种情况：
1. make,let,have等后接不带t的不定式，表“使／让某人／某物做某事”。
Dn't make him d it if he desn't want t.
If yu have any prblems, just let me knw.
【注意】此类动词在被动结构中需要还原不定式t：
He was made t wrk fr anther tw hurs.
2. have, keep, leave等后接ding形式，表持续性动作。
I'm srry t keep yu waiting fr s lng.
3. have, keep, leave等后接dne形式，表被动含义。
He had his watch repaired.
Yu 'd better have yur teeth pulled ut.
3.make neself heard/understd 属于被动结构，表示：让某人自己被听见/理解。
He culdn't make himself heard abve the nise f the traffic.
4.get sb t d 使得某人干某事
I can't get anyne t d the wrk prperly.
5.leave sb ding 让……..继续处于某种状态
Dn't leave her waiting utside in the rain.
We left him painting the gate.
类别3）主动表被动动词
英语中有些动词可用其主动形式表达被动含义，可分为以下三种情况：
1．某些实义动词的主动形式后跟副词表示被动意义，这类动词有sell, wash, write, read, wear等。这种“动词＋副词”结构，常表示事物内部特有的属性。
This kind f clth washes well.
The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift writes smthly.
This article reads easily.
2．某些及物动词转为不及物动词后，其主动形式表示被动意义，如pen（打开，营业），clse（关门），shut（关闭），cut（切割），weigh (重) 等。
This shp pens much earlier than it used t.
3．某些不及物动词，如happen, cst以及短语如cme ut（出版），turn ut（证明是），take place（发生，举办），break ut（爆发），belng t (属于）等，本身表被动含义，所以它们常用主动形式。
The first textbks came ut in the 18th century.
【基础练习】
一、选择题
1.A grup f ____ are eating ____ and ____ at the ft f the hill.
; grass; leaves B sheeps; grasses; leaves
C. sheep; grass; leafs D. sheeps; grass; leafs
2.The Arabian Nights ___ a very interesting stry-bk.
A. is B. are C. des D. d
3. This is ur cntributin t ____ wrld f the 21st century, ____ wrld f independence and natural understanding.
A. the; a B. /; a C. a; the D. the; the
4.---I dn't like chicken ___ fish.
---I dn't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.
A. and; and B. and; but C. r；but D. r；and
5. --- Wuld yu like t cme t dinner tnight?
--- We'd like t, but _____ my wife _____I am free then.
A. bth, and B. neither, nr C. 不填，and D. nt, r
6. I hpe yu dn’t mind my asking, ______ where did yu buy this pair f shes?
A. and B. but C. r D. s
7.We decided nt t climb the muntain because it was raining ____.
A. badly B. strngly C. heavily D. hardly
8.Prfessr White has written sme shrt stries, but he is ____ knwn fr his plays.
A. the best B. mre C. better D. the mst
9. One day they crssed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. ld Chinese stne B. Chinese ld stne
C. ld stne Chinese D. Chinese stne ld
10. It’s a relief fr us t knw that smething _____ is being dne t rebuild the schls destryed in the quake.
A. cmpetitive B. passive C. sensitive D. psitive
11. --- Our wmen athletes achieved great success in the Vancuver Olympic Winter Games.
--- Yes. N ne culd have a_____ perfrmance，I think.
A. well B. better C. best D. the best
12. The tsunami killed ____ peple in suth and sutheast Asia.
A. ten thusands B. ten thusands f
C. tens f thusand D. tens f thusands f
13. At a rugh estimate, Nigeria is ___Great Britain.
A. three times the size as B. the size three times f
C. three times as the size f D. three times the size f
14. Please cme in and make ____ at hme.
A. yu B. yurself C. yurselves D. yurs
15. What he said is ____ but practical since ____ depends n “if”.
A. anything；everything B. nthing；everything
C. everything；anything D. nne；everything
16. Wuld yu mind nt picking the flwers in the garden? They are ____ everyne’s enjyment.
A.in B. at C. fr D. t
17. S far, we have dne a lt t build a lw-carbn ecnmy, but it is ____ ideal. We have t wrk still harder.
A. next t B. far frm C. ut f D. due t
【答案】1-5 AAACB 6-10 BCCAD 11-15 BCDCA 16-17 CB
【易错题】
The English nvel is quite easy fr yu. There are _______ new wrds in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
2. ---Can I cme this evening r tmrrw mrning? ---______ is OK.
A. Either B. Neither C. Bth D. Nne
3. ---Is ______ here? ---N. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked fr leave.
A. smebdy B. everybdy C. anybdy D. nbdy
4. If yu want t bk a rund-trip ticket, yu'll have t pay ______ ﹩30.
A. thers B. ther C. anther D. the ther
5. We decides t g fr a field trip with sme friends f _______.
A. us B. ur C. urs D. urselves
6. Mrs. Bnd is ne ld friend f ________.
A. Jack mther B. Jack mther's C. Jack's mther D. Jack's mther's
7. -- Are there any _____ n the farm? --- Yes, there are sme.
A. hrse B. sheep C. duck D. chicken
8. These ________ have saved many children's lives.
A. wmen dctrs B. wman dctrs C. wmen dctr D. wman dctr
9. Max prefer ____ English t ______ Physics. At the same time, he likes play ____ pian.
A. an; a; the B. a; a; the C. /; /;the D. the; the; /
10. The sign reads "in case f _____ fire, break the glass and push _____ red buttn."
A. /;a B. /; the C. the; the D. a; a
11. I knw ______ Jhn Lennn, but nt ______ famus ne.
A. /; a B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a
12. _______ f the land in the city is cvered with trees and grass.
A. Tw fifths B. Tw fifth C. Tw five D. Secnd fifths
Which number is wrng? ___________.
A. Ninety B. Ninteen C. Ninth D. Nineteenth
14. Our schl is nt very big. There are nly ________ students.
A. nine hundreds f B. nine hundreds C. nine hundred D. nine hundred f
15. Which rm d yu live in? ________.
A. The 201 Rm B. Rm 201 C. Rm 201st D. The 201's Rm
16. ______ the help f the teacher, Tm has made rapid prgress _____ his studies.
A. Fr; at B. By; n C. With; fr D. With; in
17. Is there any differences _______ these tw sentences?
A. fr B. in C. between D. amng
18. A wman fell ______ the bat _____ the water.
A. ff; int B. at; belw C. dwn; under D. away; in
19. Wd can be made ______ paper.
A. by B. int C. frm D. f
20. Japan lies ______ the east f China. And the United States is ____ the suth f Canada.
A. n; t B. t; n C. in; t D. with; n
21. There are sme birds singing _____ the trees.
A. in B. n C. at D. frm
22. Tm and his sister sit _______ the waiting rm. They didn't leave the statin ______ their parents arrived.
A. in frnt f; by B. in the frnt f; after
C. in frnt f; at D. in the frnt f; until
23. Children get up very early _____ the mrning f Christmas Day.
A. in B. at C. n D. fr
24. He ften ges _____ schl _____ six thirty ____ the mrning.
A. fr; t; in B. t; at; in C. t; fr; at D. fr; at; t
25. He put up a map ____ the back wall because there is a hle ____ it.
A. n; in B. n; n C. at; in D. n; at
26. There is a _________ table in the rm.
A. big new black rund B. new black rund big
C. big rund black new D. black new rund big
27. There is __________ with the recrder.
A. smething wrng B. anything wrng
C. wrng smething D. wrng anything
28. --- Is Mrs. Brwn badly ill? --- ________. Only a little cld.
A. Quite well B. Nthing serius C. Nt wrry D. Anything serius
29. We haven't seen ______ play befre.
A. s wnderful B. a s wnderful C. such wnderful D. such a wnderful
30.Dn't wrry. She can lk after yur pet _____ .
A. careful enugh B. enugh careful C. carefully enugh D. enugh carefully
31. The Internet is very useful fr us. We can ______ find infrmatin.
A. easy B. easily C. hard D. hardly
32. Of the tw T-shirts, I'd chse the _____ ne t save sme mney fr a bk.
A. cheaper B. cheapest C. mre expensive D. mst expensive
33. The sick man was t thin t g any ______.
A. far B. farther C. further D. farthest
34. The mre we lked at the picture, __________.
A. better we like it B. it lk better C. the less we like it D. we like it less
35. The weather f Beijing is ________ than _____ Shanghai.
A. clder; / B. mre clder; / C. mre clder; that D. much clder; that f
36. Lily is _____ than any ther girl in her class.
A. the tallest B. taller C. mre taller D. mst tallest
37. Wrking hard, _____ yu will succeed.
A. r B. and C. because D. fr
38. The have ______ the capital nr the skill t build up a English training schl.
A. neither B. either C. nne D.n
39. He was late fr schl this mrning. The reasn was _____ he gt up late.
A. because B. whether C. that D. because f
40. Yu can't get high grades ______ yu study hard.
A. until B. and C. but D. unless
41. She wrks ______ hard _____ she made great prgress.
A. s; that B. t; t C. as; as D. because; f
42. Excuse me, culd yu please tell me _______? Certainly.
A. when can I get t the statin B. I can get t which statin
C. which statin can I get t D. hw I can get t the statin
43. It takes me 30 minutes _______ t schl by bike.
A. ging B.t g C. n ging D. g
44. ---Must we clean ur classrm nw? ---N, yu _________.
A. dn't B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
45. Yu'd better ______ t much meat, ____ it will bad t yur health.
A. dn't eat; r B. nt t eat; and C. nt eat; because D. eat nt; because
46. They heard the girl _____ in the next dr just nw.
A. t sing B. sing C. sings D. sang
47. Dn't frget _____ in yur math exercises tmrrw.
A. t hand B. handing C. hand D. t handing
48. The bk _______ Lily's. Lk! Her name is n it.
A. can be B. maybe C. may be D. must be
49. I ______ a bk frm schl library a few days ag. I _____ it fr a few days.
A. have brrwed; have brrwed B. brrwed; have brrwed
C. brrwed; have kept D. have brrwed; have kept
50. ---Hw lng have yu been in this city? --- ______ 1997.
A. fr B. in C. since D. n
【答案】
1-5DABCC 6-10DBACB 11-15BABCB 16-20DCABB 21-25ADCBA
26-30CABDC 31-35BABCD 36-40BBACD 41-45ADBDC 46-50BADCC1.冠词
2.连词
3.副词
4.形容词
5.数词
6.代词
7.介词
8.动词