2024年中考英语复习分项专题第17讲短文填空(原卷版+解析版)
展开第17讲 短文填空题型
要点归纳思维导图
考向及母题典例
考向1:短文自由填空
1. 解题步骤:
(1)快速浏览,了解大意。对于简单把握的空,可以先填出来;
(2)上下求索,填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系,填出正确的词以及正确的形式;
(3)通读全文,检查确认。特别要注意,根据文章意思,有些空是否要加入否定前缀。
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词(并列连词和从属连词)等虚词。
(1)名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。
(2)如果需要填入代词,就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法;
(3)并列的两个或多个单词,短语,或句子之间设空,一般填入并列连词and, but, r等;
(4)两句之间,如果不是并列句,则很可能是主从句,因此需要填入从属连词(what,which, wh, hw, when等)。或者是宾语从句,定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构,分析到底是什么从句,从而选择合适的从属连词。
(2022·广东·统考中考真题)请阅读下面短文,在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Wuld yu like t start yur day with a cup f tea? If the answer is 1 , yu may have the same habit as many peple.
Yu may nt knw 2 ppular tea is. Amng all kinds f drinks, tea is ne f the tw chices. Peple like it because it is 3 fr their health.
Tea is mstly prduced 4 Asian cuntries like China and India. Chinese peple started t drink tea as early as 5,000 years 5 . At that time, peple made tea in a simple way just put fresh tea leaves int ht 6 .
Tea wasn’t intrduced int Eurpe until the early 17th century. And nw it has 7 ppular in Eurpe and America. Peple there like t 8 tea with sugar r milk in it. As the ppulatin f tea drinkers gets larger, tea business is getting 9 imprtant than befre.
The first Internatinal Tea Day was n May 21st, 2020. Since then, peple have celebrated 10 every year. The Day makes peple realize the imprtance f tea wrkers
【答案】
1.yes 2.hw 3.gd 4.in 5.ag 6.water 7.becme 8.drink 9.mre 10.it
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,向我们介绍茶文化的发展和变化。
1.句意:如果答案是肯定的,你可能和很多人有相同的习惯。根据“Wuld yu like t start yur day with a cup f tea?”和“yu may have the same habit as many peple”可知,肯定回答用yes,表示有饮茶习惯,故填yes。
2.句意:你可能不知道茶有多受欢迎。此处强调的中心词是形容词“ppular”,用hw,故填hw。
3.句意:人们喜欢它,因为它对他们的健康有益。根据“Peple like it because it their health.”可知,喝茶对健康有益,be gd fr“对……有好处”,故填gd。
4.句意:茶叶主要产自中国和印度等亚洲国家。根据“Tea is mstly cuntries like China and India.”可知,用在国家前,用介词in,故填in。
5.句意:中国人早在5000年前就开始喝茶了。根据“Chinese peple started t drink tea as early as 5,000 years...”和常识可知,中国人早在5000年前就开始喝茶了,ag“之前”符合语境,故填ag。
6.句意:那时候,人们泡茶的方法很简单,就是把新鲜的茶叶放进热水里。根据“peple made tea in a simple way just put fresh tea leaves int ht...”可知,用热水泡茶,water“水”符合语境,故填water。
7.句意:现在它已经在欧洲和美国流行了。根据“And nw it in Eurpe and America.”可知,茶现在在欧洲和美国流行了,becme“变得”符合语境,用于现在完成时结构中,故填becme。
8.句意:那里的人喜欢喝茶加糖或牛奶。根据“Peple there like with sugar r milk in it.”可知,喜欢喝茶的时候加糖或牛奶,drink“喝”,like t d sth“喜欢做某事”,故填drink。
9.句意:随着饮茶人群的增加,茶叶生意变得比以前更加重要。根据“than befre”可知,此处使用比较级,mre imprtant“更重要的”,故填mre。
10.句意:从那时起,人们每年都庆祝这一天。此处指“Internatinal Tea Day”,用it代替,在句中作宾语,故填it。
考向2:短文首字母填空
首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母,在句子的空白处填上适当的单词,使句子意思完整,语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力,又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
满分技巧
1. 跳过空格,不看选项,快速地阅读全文,从整体上感知全文,掌握大意,了解全篇的内容和要旨。
快速阅读时宁粗勿细,切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题,这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时,还要注意找出关键词,这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能,抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句,善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点,理清文脉,推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文,确定语义,判断词形。
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文,利用上下文的语境,结合所学过的知识,先确定空格处所需词语的意义,再根据空格在句子中的位置,判断其在句中充当的成分,从而确定所填词的词性,再依据词语搭配和语法规则,判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大,尤其是难于选词时,从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领,就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文,上下参照,验证答案。
在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后,将完成的短文再细读一遍,上下参照,连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章,语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证,凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
(2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题)根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词,使短文意思完整,每空一词。
At the dinner table, Westerners use knives and frks, while the Chinese use chpsticks. S 11 at least 3,000 years ag, chpsticks have been the eating tl fr the Chinese peple. Ancient Chinese used pttery pts (陶罐) t ck fd during the Pttery Age. And they used branches r bamb sticks t p 12 up the fd. Later n, they develped the habit f using the chpsticks. In general, the material f chpsticks can be d 13 int five grups: bamb and wd, metal, jade, bne and chemical plastics. In Mdern Chinese family life, peple prefer t use the bamb r wden chpsticks b 14 they are gd fr the envirnment and cst a little.
Using knives and frks r chpsticks brings abut a difference nt 15 in lifestyle. Fr example, the use f knives and frks makes it c 16 fr peple t eat individually (分别地). And the use f chpsticks makes it pssible fr the family members t have meals t 17 . As the Westerners prefer t eat individually, they have the idea and habit f nt d 18 n thers after they grw int adults. The w 19 that Chinese peple use chpsticks and eat with thers arund the table is cnnected with the lifestyle f the Chinese family. Nwadays, an increasing n 20 f freign students are cming t China. They are happy t learn t use chpsticks and enjy the pleasure f eating with friends arund the table.
【答案】
11.(S)ince 12.(p)ick 13.(d)ivided 14.(b)ecause 15.()nly 16.(c)nvenient 17.(t)gether 18.(d)epending 19.(w)ay 20.(n)umber
【导语】本文主要介绍了中西方使用餐具的文化差异。
11.句意:至少从3000年前开始,筷子就一直是中国人的饮食工具。根据“have been”可知,句子是现在完成时, 结合首字母可知,应填since表示“自从”,故填(S)ince。
12.句意:他们用树枝或竹竿夹起食物。根据“used branches r bamb sticks t the fd.”可知古时候人们用树枝或竹竿夹起食物,此处应用动词短语pick up,动词不定式符号t后,应用动词原形。故填(p)ick。
13.句意:一般来说,筷子的材料可以分为五类:竹木、金属、玉石、骨和化学塑料。be divided int“被分为……”,是固定搭配。故填(d)ivided。
14.句意:在现代中国家庭生活中,人们更喜欢使用竹筷或木筷,因为它们对环境有益,而且价格低廉。根据“peple prefer t use the bamb r wden chpsticks are gd fr the envirnment and cst a little.”可知人们现在喜欢使用竹筷或木筷是因为它们对环境有益,而且便宜。because“因为”符合语境,故填(b)ecause。
15.句意:使用刀叉或筷子带来的不仅仅是生活方式的不同。根据“Using knives and frks r chpsticks brings abut a difference nt lifestyle.”以及下文介绍可知,人们使用刀叉或筷子带来的不仅仅是生活方式的不同。nt nly“不仅仅”,故填()nly。
16.句意:例如,刀叉的使用方便了人们单独吃饭。根据“the use f knives and frks makes it peple t eat individually (分别地).”可知刀叉很方便人们单独吃饭,cnvenient“方便的”,形容词作宾语补足语,故填(c)nvenient。
17.句意:筷子的使用使家庭成员一起吃饭成为可能。根据“the family members t have meals...”结合首字母可知,是指一起吃饭。tgether“一起”符合语境,故填(t)gether。
18.句意:由于西方人喜欢单独吃饭,所以他们长大后有不依赖别人的观念和习惯。depend n“依赖”,是固定搭配,f是介词,后加动名词。故填(d)epending。
19.句意:中国人使用筷子和与他人一起吃饭的方式与中国家庭的生活方式有关。根据“Chinese peple use chpsticks and eat with thers arund the table is cnnected with the lifestyle f the Chinese family”结合首字母可知,中国人使用筷子和与他人一起吃饭的方式与中国家庭的生活方式有关。way“方式”,名词。故填(w)ay。
20.句意:如今,越来越多的外国学生来到中国。an increasing number f表示“越来越多的”。故填(n)umber。
考向3:短文杂糅填空
杂糅型短文填空是指文章中有多种提示类型,如英语单词、汉语意思、音标或者不给提示词等。这种题型主要考查考生的整体阅读能力、语言知识的运用能力、逻辑思维能力和书面表达能力,特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。
(2023·山东聊城·统考中考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处按要求填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。每空1个单词。
Zha Yafu is an ld agricultural(农业的)researcher in Jiangsu Prvince. He spends mst f the year wrking 21 (介词)the fields.
Brn in 1941, Zha’s childhd dream was t becme 22 (冠词)news reprter. When he was at cllege, Zha saw hw hard lives were in the cuntryside, 23 (连词)he decided t d smething t help. He began t teach agricultural science t the farmers in a primary 24 (schl) in the village. “The villagers needed smene t help 25 (they) change their minds and learn new techniques(技术),” Zha said.
Zha kept n 26 (encurage) the farmers t use the new techniques and t plant new kinds f rice, which brught in a lt f mney. As time went by, mre new 27 (huse) and rads were built in the village. And the villagers came t understand that Zha 28 (real) wanted t help them.
Besides wrking in Jiangsu, Zha and his team are als 29 (active) in Western China. Since 2013, they have helped many farmers in Western China becme rich.
“I saw hw pr villagers used t be, and I als see hw they have 30 (change) ver the years. I will cntinue with my wrk if my health is nt t bad,” said Zha.
【答案】
21.in 22.a 23.s 24.schl 25.them 26.encuraging 27.huses 28.really 29.active 30.changed
【导语】本文主要介绍了赵亚夫帮助中国农民致富的事迹。
21.句意:他一年中大部分时间都在田里干活。根据“the fields”可知此处介词应填入in,in the fields表示“在田里”。故填in。
22.句意:出生于1941年,赵的童年梦想就是成为一名新闻记者。根据“news reprter”可知reprter为单数名词,news为辅音音素开头的单词,此处应用不定冠词a来表泛指。故填a。
23.句意:上大学的时候,赵看到了农村生活的艰难,所以他决定做点什么来帮忙。空格前后两句在语意上存在因果关系,前为因,后为果,因此应用表示因果关系的连词s来连接。故填s。
24.句意:他开始在村里的一所小学教农民农业科学。根据“a”可知此处应用名词schl的单数形式。故填schl。
25.句意:赵说:“村民们需要有人帮助他们改变主意,学习新技术。”根据“change”可知此处应用人称代词they的宾格them作宾语。故填them。
26.句意:赵继续鼓励农民使用新技术,种植新型水稻,这带来了大量资金。根据“kept n”可知此处应用动词短语keep n ding sth表示“继续做某事”,动词encurage的动名词为encuraging。故填encuraging。
27.句意:随着时间的推移,村里建起了更多的新房子和道路。根据“mre”可知此处应用名词huse的复数形式huses。故填huses。
28.句意:村民们开始明白,赵真的很想帮助他们。根据“wanted”可知此处应用real的副词really来修饰动词wanted。故填really。
29.句意:除了在江苏工作外,赵和他的团队还活跃在中国西部。根据“are”可知后接形容词active作表语。故填active。
30.句意:我看到了村民们过去的贫穷,也看到了他们这些年来的变化。根据“have”和“ver the years”可知句子应用现在完成时,其谓语结构为:have/has+过去分词。动词change的过去分词为changed。故填changed。
考向4:短文提示词填空
此类短文填空题一般会给出汉语意思或英文单词。做此类短文填空题时,要准确理解语意,根据文中同样结构或类似结构确定应填词的词性和词形。不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词,要考虑其单复数形式;若填的是形容词或副词,则要考虑其是否属于比较等级;如若填的是动词,则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首,还要考虑其首字母的大写。
(2022·浙江衢州·统考中考真题)根据材料内容和所给中文提示,写出空白处各单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
Xu Yuanchng is a famus translatr in China. He built a cultural 33 (桥梁)amng Chinese, English and French speakers. He shwed the special beauty f ancient Chinese 34 (诗歌)when translating them int anther language. Thrugh Xu’s translatins, English and French speaking readers are able t 35 (理解)Chinese wrks better. Meanwhile, Chinese readers can enjy freign wrks mre.
Xu Yuanchng started t translate during his cllege years. In 1939, he published his earliest English translatin. In the late 1940s, he 36 (花费)a few years studying in France. After he graduated, he 37 (返回)t China and put all his effrts t translatin. He said, “The greatest jy n the earth is t intrduce the beauty created by peple t the 38 (整个)wrld.” Xu Yuanchng believed that translatin was a kind f art and it was endless.
On June 17, 2021, after giving his life t translatin fr mre than 39 (六十)years, Xu passed away in Beijing at the age f 100. Tday, mre than 100 kinds f Xu’s bks have been ppular at hme and 40 (在国外).
As Xu said, “Life is nt hw lng yu live, but hw lng yu can remember.” He enjyed a life wrth remembering.
【答案】
31.light 32.bright 33.bridge 34.pems 35.understand 36.spent 37.returned 38.whle 39.sixty 40.abrad
【导语】本文主要向我们介绍了著名的翻译家许渊冲和他翻译的《静夜思》。
31.句意:床前明月光。light“光”,在介词后作宾语,故填light。
32.句意:举头望明月。bright“明亮的”,作宾语补足语,故填bright。
33.句意:他在说汉语、英语和法语的人之间架起了一座文化的桥梁。bridge“桥梁”,此前有a修饰,使用名词单数形式,故填bridge。
34.句意:当他把中国古诗翻译成另一种语言时,他展示了中国古诗的特殊之美。pem“诗歌”,此处表示复数含义,使用名词复数形式,故填pems。
35.句意:通过许的翻译,说英语和法语的读者能够更好地理解中国作品。understand“理解”,be able t d sth“能够做某事”,故填understand。
36.句意:20世纪40年代末,他在法国学习了几年。spend“花费”,根据“In the late 1940s”可知,时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式,故填spent。
37.句意:毕业后,他回到了中国,把所有的精力都放在了翻译上。return“返回”,根据“graduated”可知,时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式,故填returned。
38.句意:世界上最大的快乐就是把人类创造的美介绍给全世界。whle“整个”,作定语修饰wrld,故填whle。
39.句意:2021年6月17日去世,享年100岁,他将自己的生命献给了翻译六十多年。sixty“六十”,作定语修饰year,故填sixty。
40.句意:时至今日,许渊冲的100多种作品在国内外广受欢迎。abrad“在国外”,在句中作状语,故填abrad。
考向5:短文选词填空
选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空,词序打乱,让学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上,通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词,补全短文。
满分技巧
(2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题)阅读下面短文,用方框内所给词汇的适当形式填空,使短文语义完整。
There is an interesting legend abut hw chpsticks were invented. It is said that Jiang Ziya and his wife nce lived a pr life in the Shang Dynasty. The cruel wife was nt satisfied with their life and always wanted t hurt her 41 .
One day, Jiang Ziya’s wife cked sme meat and put smething int it secretly. When Jiang Ziya was abut t take the meat, a bird flew in thrugh the windw 42 pecked (啄) him. He didn’t eat the meat and hurried ff t catch the bird. Jiang Ziya knew it 43 a fairy bird, s he pretended (假装) t drive the bird and ran after it ut t a hillside. The fairy bird stpped n a bamb, shk ff tw bamb sticks and whispered, “Jiang Ziya, yu shuld pick up the meat with these bamb sticks.”
Jiang Ziya 44 picked the tw bamb sticks and returned hme.
When his wife asked him t eat the meat again, Jiang Ziya put the tw bamb sticks 45 the bwl t hld the meat. Suddenly, he 46 the bamb sticks hissing (发出“嘶嘶”声) ut green smke. Jiang Ziya pretended nt t knw abut the truth and said t his wife, “Hw can the meat 47 ? Is there anything wrng with the meat?” As he said it, Jiang Ziya picked up the meat and ffered 48 t his wife’s muth. His wife’s face turned white and she hurried ut f the dr.
Jiang Ziya knew that these bamb sticks were a 49 sent by the fairy bird. Frm then n, he used the tw bamb sticks fr every meal.
After the stry was tld, nt nly did his wife dare nt hurt him again, but als the neighbrs learned t eat with bamb sticks. Later, mre and mre peple ate with 50 , and the custm was passed dwn frm generatin t generatin.
【答案】
41.husband 42.and 43.was 44.quickly 45.int 46.saw 47.smke 48.it 49.gift 50.chpsticks
【导语】本文主要介绍了一个关于筷子是如何发明的传说。
41.句意:残忍的妻子对他们的生活不满意,总是想伤害她的丈夫。根据“The cruel wife was nt satisfied with their life and always wanted t hurt her ”以及所给词可知这个残忍的妻子想要伤害她的丈夫,husband“丈夫”符合。故填husband。
42.句意:姜子牙正要取肉的时候,一只鸟从窗户飞了进来,啄了他一下。“flew in thrugh the windw”和“pecked (啄) him”是并列动作,用and连接。故填and。
43.句意:姜子牙知道那是一只仙鸟,就假装赶着那只仙鸟跑到了一个山坡上。根据“ fairy bird”可知它是一只仙鸟,句子用一般过去时,主语是it,be动词用was。故填was。
44.句意:姜子牙赶紧拿起两根竹签回家。根据“picked the tw bamb sticks and returned hme.”以及所给词可知是快速拿起竹签,修饰动词用副词quickly“快速地”。故填quickly。
45.句意:当妻子让姜子牙再次吃肉时,姜子牙把两根竹签放进碗里盛肉。根据“Jiang Ziya put the tw bamb bwl”可知是把竹签放进碗里,int“到里面”。故填int。
46.句意:突然,他看到竹签发出阵阵青烟。根据“the bamb sticks hissing (发出“嘶嘶”声) ut green smke”以及所给词可知是看到了青烟,see“看见”,句子用一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填saw。
47.句意:这肉怎么会冒烟?根据“the bamb sticks hissing (发出“嘶嘶”声) ut green smke”可知此处指冒烟,smke“冒烟”,情态动词后加动词原形。故填smke。
48.句意:说着,姜子牙拿起肉递给妻子。根据“ his wife’s muth”可知是把肉放进妻子的嘴里,用代词it。故填it。
49.句意:姜子牙知道这些竹签是仙鸟送的礼物。根据“sent by the fairy bird”以及所给词可知是仙鸟送的礼物,a后加名词单数gift“礼物”。故填gift。
50.句意:后来,越来越多的人用筷子吃饭,这一习俗代代相传。根据“mre and mre peple ate with...”可知是用筷子吃饭,chpstick“筷子”,用名词复数。故填chpsticks。
名校新优子题高分必刷
短文填空
短文首字母填空
(2023·江苏盐城·校考二模)根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使其意思完整。
In 2011, a tsunami hit the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear pwer plant (福岛第一核电站) in Japan, l 1 t big nuclear damage (损害). T stp further prblems, Japan d 2 t use water t cl the damaged reactrs (反应堆).
Nw, mre than 1.3 millin tns f water—enugh t fill 500 Olympic-sized swimming pls have been used since t 3 . It’s still ging up with mre than 100 tns every day. The water is p 4 by radiactive (放射性的) materials and is kept in strage tanks.
Withut enugh space t stre the tanks, Japan said that it wuld release the wastewater int the Pacific Ocean this spring. On March 17, part f the equipment t release the wastewater started peratin fr the f 5 time, accrding t Japanese media TV Asahi.
This decisin has caused a number f ht d 6 . The Japanese gvernment insisted that the radinuclides (放射性核素) in the wastewater will have been mstly cleared. S it is safe t release the water int the cean and it wn’t be bad fr the envirnment.
H 7 , nt everyne agrees with this decisin. Japan’s envirnmental grups and f 8 wrry abut the sea life and the fishing industry there, the BBC reprted.
Sme neighburing cuntries, s 9 as Suth Krea, are wrried abut the pssible prblems brught n their wn fishing industries and the envirnment. China, alng with Russia, asked Japan a list f technical questins n the plan in May 2022. But the Japanese side was unable t answer these questins r talk f 10 abut the matter.
On March 14, the Chinese Freign Ministry nce again denunced (谴责) Japan’s decisin t release the wastewater int the sea.
短文汉语提示填空
(2023·浙江湖州·校考三模)根据短文内容和所给中文提示,在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
The Phryges (费里热)—the Paris 2024 Mascts
The mascts fr the 2024 Paris Olympics and Paralympics have shwn up in frnt f the public. They are the Phryges, tw Phrygian caps.
The 11 (软的) red cap is als knwn as a liberty cap. In ancient times, it was wrn in Phrygia, a place in mdern-day Turkey. That was hw it gt 12 (它的) name. During the French Revlutin, it was a symbl f freedm. Tday, it 13 (成为) a cmmn symbl fr French peple. It appears in paintings, during big events, and even n everyday things such as 14 (硬币) and stamps. In The Smurfs (《蓝精灵》), a ppular French cartn series, every smurf wears a Phrygian cap.
The rganizers said 15 (自豪地) that they didn’t want t chse animals, r 16 (那些) different frm thers. Instead, they really 17 (需要) smething that culd stand fr an “ideal”.
The Paralympic Phryge has a prsthetic (假体的) leg that ges t the 18 (膝盖). Michael, a gld medal winner at the 2008 Beijing Paralympics, says the prsthetic leg can 19 (发送) an encuraging message t disabled peple arund the wrld.
The tw mascts share a mtt f “Alne we g 20 (更快地), but tgether we g further.” They will help peple frm all ver the wrld knw mre abut the 2024 Paris Olympics and Paralympics.
短文语境提示填空
(2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆一中校考三模)根据下面短文内容,在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词,使短文完整、通顺。
One bright mrning, I was ut fr my usual run when I met an elderly lady wh was waving her phne and talking t me in a language I culdn’t understand. It sunded like she was in a hurry t get smewhere. I quickly realized that she was 21 and culdn’t speak any English.
She shwed me a map app n her phne, but I had n ideas 22 t read it. S, I quickly gt a translatin app nline and we used the app t cmmunicate. She spke int the micrphne in her language and it translated her wrds int English fr me t understand. I put in sme wrds 23 my reply t her and we were able t cmmunicate!
I sn knew that she needed t get hme, which was a lng walk away. She didn’t want t use any public transprtatin but I ffered t walk her t a bus stp where she culd call her daughter fr a 24 . Then her daughter culd drive her hme. As we walked, we laughed and jked, 25 we culdn’t understand each ther’s language. It was a pretty fun experience!
Alng the way, the elderly lady kept 26 me fr my time. I had t keep reminding her that it was n truble at all and saying that it was my pleasure t help her. Finally, we reached the bus stp and she made her call. We said ur gdbyes and she gave me a heart-warming message that made me happy the whle day. Even tday, I 27 hld that warm feeling in my heart.
Nwadays, as technlgy has prgressed and changed ur wrld day by day, there’s always 28 that never changes. If yu help a stranger find his r her way, maybe yu will als get help frm anther stranger smetime in the future when yu get lst in a strange city. We might lse ur way but there is always a way t help.
短文综合填空
(2023·福建泉州·统考三模)Mark Twain nce said that everyne talks abut the weather, but n ne ever des anything abut it. This was 29 /truː/ in his day but it may nt be the case in tday’s wrld. In fact, humans have 30 (find) many different ways t cntrl the weather.
Clud seeding (云催化) is a kind f technlgy that can cntrl rain. It can change the amunt f water inside the clud, which helps cntrl the amunt f rain, the time when it rains and even where it rains.
This technlgy has played a key 31 /rəul/ during imprtant events. Fr example, China used clud seeding in Beijing just befre the Olympic Games in rder t stp rain 32 falling during the event.
Hwever, scientists are still discussing 33 t use this technlgy prperly. On ne hand, it is believed that it might have side effects. Fr example, things it uses may be 34 (harm) t the envirnment. On the ther hand, n tw cluds are 35 same, s every new experiment intrduces new 36 (change). Besides cntrlling rain, scientists have als tried t find ways t weaken strms and hurricanes (飓风). US scientists think it might be pssible t cntrl hurricanes by 37 (use) lasers (激光). Others believe that burning petrleum (石油) in a hurricane’s path culd 38 /sləu/ the strms dwn.
短文选词填空
(2023·江苏盐城·校考二模)阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每词或短语限用一次。
Wu Ming, a 27-year-ld German, is a big fan f Chinese culture, like the Shalin kung fu. He has been learning TCM — traditinal Chinese medicine since 2016. Nw he 39 at Henan University f Chinese Medicine.
As he thught sme illnesses can’t 40 well with mdern medicine, he decided t study TCM. Wu came t Henan Prvince in 2015, where the TCM culture can be enjyed because Henan Prvince is the 41 f Zhang Zhngjing. After learning the Chinese language fr ne year, he started t learn Chinese medicine. “TCM is ne f the best parts in Chinese culture,” said Wu. He hpes t slve prblems and understand Chinese culture by learning TCM.
Studying TCM als changed Wu’s mind and lifestyle. He used t spend much time playing cmputer games and stay up late every night, lst himself in this fast-paced but 42 lifestyle. But nw he lives a healthy and peaceful life, practicing gd habits like drinking tea and sitting 43 , as well as reading ancient bks, 44 the Yin-Yang thery (理论) in TCM.
Wu als makes use f what he has learned 45 his family. Acupuncture (针灸) tls and Chinese medicine were welcmed when he went back t 46 hme in Germany. With acupuncture and Chinese-style massages, many physical health prblems f his families have been slved. Nw, he always prvides his family with sme advice abut staying healthy after he checks their tngues (舌头) nline. Over time, his family began t understand his passin abut TCM.
In Wu’s pinin, there’s n big difference between China and 47 cuntries. He plans t run a traditinal Chinese clinic (诊所) in China r Germany after university, which culd 48 a bridge between the tw cuntries and make TCM and its culture knwn by mre peple.
参考答案:
1.(l)eading 2.(d)ecided 3.(t)hen 4.(p)lluted 5.(f)irst 6.(d)iscussins 7.(H)wever 8.(f)ishermen 9.(s)uch 10.(f)urther
【导语】本文主要介绍了日本政府准备在2023年春季开始向海洋排放核废水,但遭到了环保组织、当地渔民和中国政府的谴责。
1.句意:2011年,海啸袭击了日本福岛第一核电站,造成了巨大的核破坏。根据“t big nuclear damage”可知是造成了很大的损害,lead t“造成,导致”,句中已有谓语动词hit,此处用非谓语,和主语之间是主动关系,用现在分词。故填(l)eading。
2.句意:为了阻止进一步的问题,日本决定用水冷却受损的反应堆。根据“t use water t cl the damaged reactrs”可知是决定使用水冷却受损的反应堆,decide“决定”,句子用一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填(d)ecided。
3.句意:从那时起,已经使用了130多万吨水,足以填满500个奥运会规模的游泳池。根据“enugh t fill 500 Olympic-sized swimming pls have been used since”可知是自从那时起,since then“从那时起”。故填(t)hen。
4.句意:这些水被放射性物质污染,并被储存在储罐中。根据“by radiactive (放射性的) materials”可知水被放射性物质污染,pllute“污染”,此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填(p)lluted。
5.句意:据日本媒体朝日电视台报道,3月17日,部分废水排放设备首次开始运行。根据“release the wastewater started peratin fr ”可知是第一次开始运行,fr the first time“第一次”。故填(f)irst。
6.句意:这一决定引起了许多热议。根据“This decisin has caused a number f ht...”以及下文可知,这个决定引起了很多议论,discussin“议论”,此处用名词复数。故填(d)iscussins。
7.句意:然而,并不是所有人都同意这一决定。此处和前文是转折关系,用hwever。故填(H)wever。
8.句意:日本环保组织和渔民担心那里的海洋生活和渔业。根据“wrry abut the sea life and the fishing industry there”可知渔民担心海洋生活以及渔业,fisherman“渔民”,此处用名词复数。故填(f)ishermen。
9.句意:一些邻国,如韩国,担心本国渔业和环境可能带来的问题。根据“Sme neighburing cuntries, Suth Krea”可知是举例说明一些邻国,such as“例如”。故填(s)uch。
10.句意:但日方无法回答这些问题,也无法进一步讨论此事。根据“answer these questins r the matter”可知是无法进一步讨论此事,用比较级further“进一步”。故填(f)urther。
11.sft 12.its 13.has becme
14.cins 15.prudly 16.thse 17.needed 18.knee 19.send 20.faster
【导语】本文主要介绍了巴黎2024吉祥物。
11.句意:柔软的红色帽子也被称为自由帽。空格后是名词,此处用形容词sft“软的”。故填sft。
12.句意:它就是这样得名的。修饰名词name用形容词性物主代词its“它的”。故填its。
13.句意:如今,它已成为法国人的共同象征。成为:becme;根据“Tday”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响,用现在完成时“have/has dne”,主语是it,助动词用has。故填has becme。
14.句意:它出现在绘画、大型活动中,甚至出现在硬币和邮票等日常用品上。硬币:cin,根据“stamps”可知此处名词用复数。故填cins。
15.句意:组织者自豪地说,他们不想选择动物,也不想选择与其他动物不同的动物。修饰动词said用副词prudly“自豪地”。故填prudly。
16.句意:组织者自豪地说,他们不想选择动物,也不想选择与其他动物不同的动物。那些:thse。故填thse。
17.句意:相反,他们确实需要一些能够代表“理想”的东西。需要:need;根据“that culd stand fr...”可知句子用一般过去时。故填needed。
18.句意:残奥会的惠更号有一条一直到膝盖的假腿。根据“a prsthetic (假体的) leg that ges t the...”可知此处用名词单数knee“膝盖”。故填knee。
19.句意:2008年北京残奥会金牌得主迈克尔表示,假肢可以向世界各地的残疾人传递一个鼓舞人心的信息。发送:send,情态动词后加动词原形。故填send。
20.句意:这两个吉祥物有一句共同的座右铭:“单独我们走得更快,但我们一起走得更远。”修饰动词g用副词fast,根据“but tgether we g further”可知此处用比较级。故填faster。
21.lst 22.hw 23.with 24.help 25.thugh 26.thanking 27.still 28.smething
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者遇到一位迷路的老妇人,两人语言不通,但通过手机上的翻译软件,作者帮助老妇人回家的故事。
21.句意:我很快意识到她迷路了且她不会说英语。根据上下文“It sunded like she was in a hurry t get smewhere;She shwed me a map app n her phne”可知,这位老人想去某个地方,但她看不懂手机里的地图,因此是迷路了。故填lst。
22.句意:她给我看了一个手机上的地图应用程序,但我不知道如何读懂它。根据“ but I had n read it. S, I quickly gt a translatin app”可知,作者因为看不懂地图程序,所以才下载翻译程序。因此“不知道怎样读”符合语境。故填hw。
23.句意:我输入了一些带有回复性的文字,我们就能沟通了!根据“ She spke int... understand. I put in sme reply t her”可知,作者此时正在利用翻译程序回复这个老人,with表示“有……”,介词,“with my reply”作定语修饰“wrds”,即wrds with my reply表示“具有我回复的文字”。故填with。
24.句意:她不想乘坐任何公共交通工具,但我主动提出送她到一个公共汽车站,在那里她可以打电话给她的女儿寻求帮助。根据下文“Then her daughter culd drive her hme”可知,老妇人想让女儿开车来接她,因此是求助。故填help。
25.句意:我们一边走,一边笑着开玩笑,尽管我们听不懂对方的语言。根据“As we walked, we laughed and culdn’t understand each ther’s language.”可知,尽管两人语言不通,但还是有说有笑,是让步关系,且thugh一般位于句末或句中。故填thugh。
26.句意:一路上,老妇人不停地感谢我抽出时间(陪她)。根据下文“it was n truble at all and saying that it was my pleasure”可知,作者不觉得麻烦,且感到荣幸。由此推测上文,老妇人在向作者不断地表示感谢。keep ding sth. 表示“不断做某事”。故填thanking。
27.句意:即使在今天,我仍然把那种温暖的感觉放在心里。根据“Even tday, that warm feeling in my heart.”可知,到了今天,作者依旧把这份温暖埋在心里。因此still符合语境。故填still。
28.句意:如今,随着技术的进步,一天一天地改变着我们的世界,总有一些东西永远不会改变。根据“If yu help a stranger... in a strange city ”可知,互相帮助的情况是不会改变的,因此“互相帮助”是不会改变的东西,因此不定代词smething符合语境。故填smething。
29.true 30.fund 31.rle 32.frm 33.hw 34.harmful 35.the 36.changes 37.using 38.slw
【导语】本文主要介绍了人类已经找到许多不同的方法来控制天气。
29.句意:这在他那个时代是真的,但在今天的世界可能不是这样。根据音标可知,此处是单词true“真的”。故填true。
30.句意:事实上,人类已经发现了许多不同的方法来控制天气。find“发现”,此处用过去分词和助动词have构成现在完成时。故填fund。
31.句意:这项技术在重大事件中发挥了关键作用。根据音标可知,此处是单词rle“角色”。故填rle。
32.句意:中国在奥运会前夕在北京使用了人工降雨,以防止奥运会期间降雨。stp sb./sth. frm ding sth.“阻止……做某事”。故填frm。
33.句意:然而,科学家们仍在讨论如何正确地使用这项技术。根据“t use this technlgy”可知是如何使用这项技术,hw“如何”。故填hw。
34.句意:例如,它使用的东西可能对环境有害。作be动词的表语用形容词harmful“有害的”。故填harmful。
35.句意:另一方面,没有两片云是相同的,所以每一次新的实验都会带来新的变化。the same“同样的”。故填the。
36.句意:另一方面,没有两片云是相同的,所以每一次新的实验都会带来新的变化。此处用名词复数changes表示泛指。故填changes。
37.句意:美国科学家认为有可能通过使用激光来控制飓风。介词by后加动名词using“使用”。故填using。
38.句意:其他人则认为在飓风经过的路径上燃烧石油可以减缓风暴的速度。根据音标可知,此处是单词slw“减慢”。故填slw。
39.studies/is studying 40.be treated 41.hmetwn 42.unhealthy 43.silently 44.accrding t 45.t help 46.his 47.Western 48.serve as
【导语】本文主要讲述了德国人无名在中国学习中医并打算学成之后开设中医馆的故事。
39.句意:现在就读于河南中医药大学。根据“at Henan University f Chinese Medicine”可知在河南中医药大学学习,study“学习”,结合“Nw”可知可以表达现在的状态,或现阶段正在进行的动作,用一般现在时或现在进行时。studies/is studying。
40.句意:由于他认为有些疾病不能用现代医学很好地治疗,他决定学可知习中医。根据“sme illnesses can’t ... well with mdern medicine”可知用现在医学治不好,treat“治疗”,与主语之间是动宾关系,此处用含情态动词的被动语态。故填be treated。
41.句意:无名于2015年来到河南省,因为河南省是张仲景的家乡,所以可以享受到中医文化。根据“because Henan Prvince is the ... f Zhang Zhngjing”结合常识可知张仲景的家乡在河南,hmetwn“家乡”。故填hmetwn。
42.句意:他过去经常花很多时间玩电脑游戏,每晚都熬夜,在这种快节奏但不健康的生活方式中迷失了自己。根据“He used t spend much time playing cmputer games and stay up late every night”可知花费大量时间玩电脑游戏且熬夜到很晚,是不健康的生活方式,用health的形容词形式unhealthy表示“不健康的”。故填unhealthy。
43.句意:但根据中医的阴阳学说,他现在过着健康平和的生活,养成了喝茶、静坐、阅读古书等好习惯。根据“But nw he lives a healthy and peaceful life, practicing gd habits like drinking tea and sitting ..., as well as reading ancient bks”可知现在的生活方式很平和,由此推出是静坐,用silence的副词形式sliently表示“默默地,静静地”,副词修饰动词。故填silently。
44.句意:但根据中医的阴阳学说,他现在过着健康平和的生活,养成了喝茶、静坐、阅读古书等好习惯。根据“the Yin-Yang thery in TCM”可知此处是根据中医的阴阳学硕来调整自己的生活方式,accrding t“根据”。故填accrding t。
45.句意:无名还利用他所学到的知识来帮助他的家人。根据“Wu als makes use f what he has learned ... his family.”可知用所学的中医知识来帮助家人,help“帮助”,此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填t help。
46.句意:当他回到德国的家中时,针灸工具和中医受到了欢迎。根据“hme in Germany”可知在德国的额是他的家,用he的形容词性物主代词his表示“他的”。故填his。
47.句意:在无名看来,中国和西方国家没有太大的区别。根据“between China and ... cuntries”结合备选词可知是中国和西方国家,此处用west的形容词形式Western表示“西方的”,形容词作定语。故填Western。
48.句意:他计划毕业后在中国或德国开一家中医诊所,这可以作为两国之间的桥梁,让更多人了解中医及其文化。根据“which culd ... a bridge between the tw cuntries”可知是可以作为两国之间的桥梁,serve as“充当,起到……作用”,culd后接动词原形。故填serve as。母题
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静夜思 Thughts n a Tranquil Night
李白 By Li Bai
床前明月光,Befre my bed a pl f 31 (光);
疑是地上霜。O can it be harfrst n the grund?
举头望明月,Lking up, I find the mn 32 (明亮);
低头思故乡。Bwing, in hmesickness I’m drwned.
—Translated by Xu Yuanchng
短文填词答题技巧口诀
空前空后要注意, 名词单复要牢记。要有’s不能弃。
动词注意要变形, "皇帝"、"大臣"要分清。
形、副注意要用三级, 副词用法要谨记。
要用数词请留意, 千万别忘"基"和"序"。
填入代词需慎重, 五格变化记心中。
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smke and see quickly chpstick be it gift husband int
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hmetwn study he treat help health silence west accrding t serve as
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