专题12 阅读理解议论文- 2023年高考英语真题及模拟题英语分类汇编（全国通用）

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2023年高考真题
Passage 1
【2023年全国乙卷】If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example f this between literate and nn-literate histry is perhaps the first cnflict, at Btany Bay, between Captain Ck’s vyage and the Australian Abriginals. Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. If we want t recnstruct what was actually ging n that day, the shield must be questined and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reprts.
In additin t the prblem f miscmprehensin frm bth sides, there are victries accidentally r deliberately twisted, especially when nly the victrs knw hw t write. Thse wh are n the lsing side ften have nly their things t tell their stries. The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented.B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds.D. Why written language is reliable.
13. What des the authr indicate by mentining Captain Ck in paragraph 2?
A. His reprt was scientific.B. He represented the lcal peple.
C. He ruled ver Btany Bay.D. His recrd was ne-sided.
14. What des the underlined wrd “cnversatin” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Prblem.B. Histry.C. Vice.D. Sciety.
15. Which f the fllwing bks is the text mst likely selected frm?
A. Hw Maps Tell Stries f the WrldB. A Shrt Histry f Australia
C. A Histry f the Wrld in 100 ObjectsD. Hw Art Wrks Tell Stries
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a histry wuld bring tgether texts and bjects, and sme chapters f this bk are able t d just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“Frm the English side, we have scientific reprts and the captain’s recrd f that terrible day. Frm the Australian side, we have nly a wden shield (盾) drpped by a man in flight after his first experience f gunsht. (在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Tain, the Australian Abriginals, the African peple f Benin and the Incas, all f whm appear in this bk, can speak t us nw f their past achievements mst pwerfully thrugh the bjects they made: a histry tld thrugh things gives them back a vice. When we cnsider cntact (联系) between literate and nn-literate scieties such as these, all ur first-hand accunts are necessarily twisted, nly ne half f a dialgue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以cnversatin指的是“历史”。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are t find the ther half f that cnversatin, we have t read nt just the texts, but the bjects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
2023年名校模拟题
Passage 1
（2023·山东·山东省实验中学校考二模）Danne Prtugal intrduced a new ygurt named Junts. Fr every pack f ygurt that a persn bught, he wuld dnate ygurt t a family in need. Danne had dne its research. Increasingly, peple say they want t buy frm brands that give them a sense f purpse. Surely a ygurt that helped the needy wuld be appealing. But Junts was a failure. Despite sinking millins int a marketing campaign, Danne pulled Junts frm the market nly mnths after it was launched. Nw the same prduct is simply marketed as a tasty ygurt.
What happened? T find the reasn behind Junts’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his clleagues did an experiment where they shwed peple sme prducts and asked these peple t pick ne ptin. They reminded sme t fcus n the “purpseful and valuable” aspect while thers were tld t “enjy themselves” and fcus n “delight and pleasure.” They fund that participants wh priritized meaning preferred the less expensive prduct when cmpared with peple wh put pleasure in the first place.
S why were meaning-seekers cheaping ut? Lawrence Williams asked participants t explain their decisin-making t find ut. He learned that meaning-riented peple were nt thinking abut hw the prduct they might buy culd bring meaning t their lives. Instead, they were ccupied with what else they culd d with their mney.
I am all fr peple making wise and strategic financial chices. But cheap prducts can create many prblems. Inexpensive ptins ften d nt last as lng as the higher-end nes. As a result, we shp mre ften, which is ultimately wrse fr ur wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can d a greater damage t the envirnment. Thanks in part t fast fashin, peple buy 60 percent mre clthing tday than they did 15 years ag. The fashin industry alne emits mre greenhuse gases than internatinal flights and maritime (海洋的) shipping cmbined.
S befre yu dive int yur wallet fr sme deals, try nt t fix nly n what yu are spending r saving. Think carefully abut what yu are buying, t.
1．What is the main reasn fr the failure f Junts?
A．It ignred marketing strategies.B．It priced itself relatively high.
C．It lacked a particularly gd taste.D．It fcused n delight and pleasure.
2．What can be inferred abut meaning seekers?
A．They frequent high-end stres.B．They think prducts extend their lives.
C．They hesitate t make decisins.D．They make mre purchases with mney.
3．Hw is Paragraph 4 mainly develped?
A．By giving sme examples.B．By listing numbers and data.
C．By explaining reasns.D．By making sme cmparisns.
4．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Innvatin: a Prduct’s LifeB．T Buy r nt t Buy
C．Meaning seekers r Quality-pursuersD．Fast Fashin: a Hit t Yur Wallet
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章就通过消费来做有意义的事情，到底应该买贵的还是廉价的产品进行讨论。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Increasingly, peple say they want t buy frm brands that give them a sense f purpse. Surely a ygurt that helped the needy wuld be appealing. But Junts was a failure. (越来越多的人表示，他们想从那些给他们目标感的品牌那里购买。当然，帮助穷人的酸奶会很有吸引力。但Junts是个失败者。)”和第二段“What happened? T find the reasn behind Junts’ failure, Lawrence Williams and his clleagues did an experiment where they shwed peple sme prducts and asked these peple t pick ne ptin. They reminded sme t fcus n the “purpseful and valuable” aspect while thers were tld t “enjy themselves” and fcus n “delight and pleasure.” They fund that participants wh priritized meaning preferred the less expensive prduct when cmpared with peple wh put pleasure in the first place. (发生了什么事?为了找出Junts失败的原因，Lawrence Williams和他的同事们做了一个实验，他们向人们展示了一些产品，并让这些人选择一种。他们提醒一些人专注于“有目的和有价值”的方面，而另一些人则被告知“享受自己”，专注于“快乐和乐趣”。他们发现，与把快乐放在首位的人相比，把意义放在首位的人更喜欢便宜的产品。)”可知，越来越多的人想从那些给他们目标感的品牌那里购买（即购买便宜的产品），Junts失败的主要原因是它的定价相对较高，所以买的人少，最后失败了。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“S why were meaning-seekers cheaping ut? Lawrence Williams asked participants t explain their decisin-making t find ut. He learned that meaning-riented peple were nt thinking abut hw the prduct they might buy culd bring meaning t their lives. Instead, they were ccupied with what else they culd d with their mney. (那么，为什么寻求意义的人要买便宜的东西呢?为了找出答案，劳伦斯·威廉姆斯要求参与者解释他们的决策。他了解到，以意义为导向的人不会考虑他们可能购买的产品如何给他们的生活带来意义。相反，他们专注于思考自己的钱能带来什么其他东西。)”可推测意义追求者专注于用钱买更多的东西，故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“I am all fr peple making wise and strategic financial chices. But cheap prducts can create many prblems. Inexpensive ptins ften d nt last as lng as the higher-end nes. As a result, we shp mre ften, which is ultimately wrse fr ur wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can d a greater damage t the envirnment. (我完全支持人们做出明智和战略性的财务选择。但是廉价的产品会产生很多问题。便宜的选择通常不会像高端的选择持续那么久。结果，我们更频繁地购物，这最终对我们的钱包更不利。此外，这种消费模式会对环境造成更大的破坏。)”可推断作者通过解释买廉价的产品会产生很多问题的原因来发展第四段，故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第四段“I am all fr peple making wise and strategic financial chices. But cheap prducts can create many prblems. Inexpensive ptins ften d nt last as lng as the higher-end nes. As a result, we shp mre ften, which is ultimately wrse fr ur wallets. Plus, that spending pattern can d a greater damage t the envirnment. (我完全支持人们做出明智和战略性的财务选择。但是廉价的产品会产生很多问题。便宜的选择通常不会像高端的选择持续那么久。结果，我们更频繁地购物，这最终对我们的钱包更不利。此外，这种消费模式会对环境造成更大的破坏。)”和最后一段“S befre yu dive int yur wallet fr sme deals, try nt t fix nly n what yu are spending r saving. Think carefully abut what yu are buying, t. (所以，在你为一些交易掏腰包之前，尽量不要只关注你花了多少钱或存了多少钱。也要仔细考虑你要买的东西。)”可知文章主要是对通过消费来做有意义的事情，到底应该买贵的还是廉价的产品进行讨论，C选项“意义追求者还是品质追求者”符合文章主旨，故选C。
Passage 2
（2023·山东淄博·统考三模）There is n universally accepted age that is cnsidered ld amng r within scieties. Often disagreements exist as t what age a sciety may cnsider ld and what members in that sciety f that age and lder may cnsider ld. Mrever, bilgists are nt in agreement abut the existence f an internal bilgical cause fraging.
In general the scial status f an age grup is related t its effective influence in its sciety, which is assciated with that grup’s functin in prductivity. In agricultural scieties the elderly have a status f respectability. Their life experiences and knwledge are regarded as valuable, especially in preliterate (尚无文字的) scieties where knwledge is rally transmitted. The range f activities in these scieties allws the elderly t cntinue t be prductive members f their cmmunities.
In industrialized natins, althugh in certain fields ld age is still cnsidered significant, particularly in the plitical field, lder peple are increasingly being frced int retirement befre their prductive years are ver, causing prblems in their psychlgical adaptatins t ld age. Retirement is nt regarded unfavrably in all instances, but its ecnmic limitatins tend t further remve lder peple frm the range f influence and raise prblems in the extended use f leisure time and husing. As a cnsequence, financial preparatin fr retirement has becme an increased cncern fr individuals and sciety.
Familial relatinships tend t be the fcus f the elderly’s attentin. Hwever, the tendency fr yung peple in industrialized cuntries t be highly mbile has frced lder peple t decide whether t mve t keep up with their families r t remain in neighbrhds which als change, altering their familiar patterns f activity. Althugh mst lder peple d live within an hur frm their clsest child, industrialized scieties are faced with frmulating prgrams t accmmdate increasing numbers f lder peple wh functin independently f their families. Adult educatin prgrams are beginning t clse the generatin gap; hwever, as each successive generatin reaches ld age, bringing with it its particular tendencies and preferences, new prblems arise requiring new scial accmmdatins.
5．What cunts fr the elderly in agricultural scieties?
A．Their status f respectability.B．Their value in prductivity.
C．Their rich knwledge in educatin.D．Their extrardinary ability t wrk.
6．What can we learn abut the elderly’s retirement frm Paragraph 3?
A．It has faded the elderly wrries.
B．It means the end f prductive ability.
C．It is cnsidered beneficial in all distances.
D．It influences the elderly psychlgically and financially.
7．What des the underlined wrd “frmulating” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Planning.B．Changing.
C．Extending.D．Canceling.
8．Where is this text prbably taken frm?
A．A persnal jurnal.B．A science research.
C．A scial issue review.D．A cmmunity brchure.
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．A 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章认为老年人的社会地位与其社会影响力有关，农业社会中老年人凭借其生产力价值赢得尊重，但是工业化社会中很多老年人被迫退休，在心理和财政上都受到影响，随之而来的家庭生活问题亟待社会的解决方案。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In agricultural scieties the elderly have a status f respectability. Their life experiences and knwledge are regarded as valuable, especially in preliterate (尚无文字的) scieties where knwledge is rally transmitted. The range f activities in these scieties allws the elderly t cntinue t be prductive members f their cmmunities.(在农业社会中，老年人享有受人尊敬的地位。他们的生活经验和知识被认为是有价值的，特别是在尚无文字的社会，知识是口头传播的。这些社会中的活动范围使老年人能够继续成为社区中有生产力的成员)”可知，在农业社会老年人的生活经验和知识使他们依旧具有生产力价值，从而获得尊敬。由此可知，生产力上的价值对于农业社会的老年人很重要。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“… lder peple are increasingly being frced int retirement befre their prductive years are ver, causing prblems in their psychlgical adaptatins t ld age. Retirement is nt regarded unfavrably in all instances, but its ecnmic limitatins tend t further remve lder peple frm the range f influence and raise prblems in the extended use f leisure time and husing. As a cnsequence, financial preparatin fr retirement has becme an increased cncern fr individuals and sciety.(……越来越多的老年人在他们的生产年龄结束之前就被迫退休，这给他们的老年心理适应带来了问题。退休并非在所有情况下都是不利的，但其经济上的限制往往进一步使老年人远离影响的范围，并在延长闲暇时间和住房的使用方面产生问题。因此，为退休做财务准备已成为个人和社会日益关注的问题)”可知，退休问题会引起老年人的心理适应问题，并在经济上限制老年人的活动和影响力，使其不得不做好财务准备。因此，退休在心理和财政两方面都影响着老年人。故选D项。
7．词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Althugh mst lder peple d live within an hur frm their clsest child, industrialized scieties are faced with frmulating prgrams t accmmdate increasing numbers f lder peple wh functin independently f their families.(虽然大多数老年人住在离他们最近的孩子不到一小时的地方，但工业化社会正面临着……计划以容纳越来越多的独立于家庭生活的老年人的问题)”可知，此处前后有转折，虽然大多数老年人的生活范围离子女很近，但是越来越多的老年人独立生活，这种情况需要社会制定计划去解决。由此推知，frmulating意思是“制定”，与planning意思一致。故选A项。
8．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章从对老年人的定义的各种分歧引入话题，然后介绍了老年人的社会地位与其社会影响力有关，农业社会中老年人凭借其生产力价值赢得尊重，但是工业化社会中很多老年人被迫退休，在心理和财政上都受到影响，随之而来的家庭生活问题亟待社会的解决方案。因此，文章聚焦的是社会问题和现象，应该出自社会问题评论。故选C项。
Passage 3
（2023·河南郑州·统考模拟预测）Sme experts have been cncerned lately abut rbts leaving humans behind, taking ur jbs and pssibly a lt mre, as in sci-fi films. Christ f Kch, a famus neurscientist (神经学家), has suggested a nvel methd. T keep up with the machines, we shuld increase ur brainpwer with brain implants (植人物).
Kch ntes that brain implants are already helping the paralyzed r peple unable t mve cntrl cmputers and rbts, and they are being explred fr the treatment f mental disrders. Future implants culd help us dwnlad huge amunts f infrmatin instantly, he says, s we can learn “nvel skills and facts withut even trying”. “Anther exciting aspect,” Kch says, “is cmbining tw r mre brains int a single cnscius mind by direct neurn-t-neurn links.” Kch calls fr a “crash prgram” in brain technlgies t make us smarter.
But Kch ignres the bvius facts that bad persns can hack (侵入) int ur smartphnes and laptps. What if hackers culd attack ur brains? They may be able t spy n, change r cntrl the memries f peple implanted with brain devices. What’s mre, we are nwhere clse t being able t strengthen the brain in the manner that Kch imagines. Scientists have been experimenting with neur-technlgies fr mental illness fr mre than half a century, and they have little t shw fr it.
Kch genuinely feared that science, far frm addressing ur prblems, might exacerbate them. The use f rbts in the wrkshp, fr example, culd cause mass unemplyment. D we just cunt the immediate jb lsses—withut measuring any ther ptential psitive effect n the ecnmy? Despite lsing sme jbs t rbts in the shrt term, the increase in prductivity will help ur verall ecnmy grw faster, which, in turn, will create mre, higher quality jbs than we had befre.
The future is nt as scary as we think. Perhaps we’ve gt serius prblems n ur hands, and we have a lt f wrk t d t settle them. Brain implants are nt the answer.
9．What leads t Kch’s ptimism abut future brain implants?
A．The great advance in AI research.
B．Their applicatin in medical fields.
C．The breakthrugh in surgical techniques.
D．Their easy adaptatin t the human bdy.
10．Hw des the authr feel abut Kch’s “crash prgram” in brain technlgies?
A．Disapprving.B．Uncncerned.C．Favrable.D．Excited.
11．What des the underlined wrd “exacerbate” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Avid.B．Wrsen.C．Reduce.D．Answer.
12．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．Are Brain Implants at Risk f Hacker Attack?
B．Will Rbts Take the Place f Humans in Future?
C．Will Brain Implants Let the Disabled Live Nrmally?
D．D We Need Brain Implants t Keep Up with Rbts?
【答案】9．B 10．A 11．B 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了大脑植入是否能够帮助我们解决技术所带来的问题——机器人会把人类抛在后面，抢走我们的工作，甚至一切。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Kch ntes that brain implants are already helping the paralyzed r peple unable t mve cntrl cmputers and rbts, and they are being explred fr the treatment f mental disrders. Future implants culd help us dwnlad huge amunts f infrmatin instantly, he says, s we can learn “nvel skills and facts withut even trying”.(科赫指出，大脑植入物已经在帮助瘫痪或无法移动的人控制电脑和机器人，并且正在探索用于治疗精神障碍。他说，未来的植入物可以帮助我们立即下载大量信息，这样我们就可以“毫不费力地学习新的技能和事实”)”可知，科赫认为目前大脑植入物已经在帮助瘫痪或无法移动的人控制电脑和机器人，并且正在探索用于治疗精神障碍。所以他对于未来的大脑植入物能够帮助我们毫不费力地学习新技能和事实抱有乐观的态度。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But Kch ignres the bvius facts that bad persns can hack(侵入) int ur smartphnes and laptps. What if hackers culd attack ur brains? They may be able t spy n, change r cntrl the memries f peple implanted with brain devices. What’s mre, we are nwhere clse t being able t strengthen the brain in the manner that Kch imagines.(但科赫忽略了一个显而易见的事实：坏人可以侵入我们的智能手机和笔记本电脑。如果黑客可以攻击我们的大脑呢？他们或许能够监视、改变或控制植入大脑设备的人的记忆。更重要的是，我们离能够以科赫想象的方式增强大脑还差得很远)”可知，作者对于科赫的想法是不赞同的。故选A。
11．词义辨析题。根据划线单词下一句“The use f rbts in the wrkshp, fr example, culd cause mass unemplyment.(例如，在车间使用机器人可能会导致大规模失业)”可知，在车间使用机器人会导致大规模失业，也就是说在车间使用机器人只可能加剧问题而不是解决问题。所以划线单词和“加剧”意思相似。选项A“Avid (避免)”；选项B“Wrsen (恶化)”；选项C“Reduce (减少)”；选项D“Answer (回答)”。故选B。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Christ f Kch, a famus neurscientist(神经学家), has suggested a nvel methd. T keep up with the machines, we shuld increase ur brainpwer with brain implants(植人物).(著名的神经学家克里斯特·科赫提出了一种新方法。为了跟上机器的步伐，我们应该通过植入大脑来提高我们的智力)”、第二段“Kch ntes that brain implants are already helping the paralyzed r peple unable t mve cntrl cmputers and rbts, and they are being explred fr the treatment f mental disrders.(科赫指出，大脑植入物已经在帮助瘫痪或无法移动的人控制电脑和机器人，并且正在探索用于治疗精神障碍)”、第三段“But Kch ignres the bvius facts that bad persns can hack(侵入) int ur smartphnes and laptps.(但科赫忽略了一个显而易见的事实:坏人可以侵入我们的智能手机和笔记本电脑)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了我们是否需要大脑植入物来跟上机器人。所以“D We Need Brain Implants t Keep Up with Rbts?( 我们需要大脑植入物来跟上机器人吗?)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
Passage 4
（2023·山西·校联考模拟预测）What d yu want frm life? Perhaps yu want t spend mre time with yur family, r get a mre secure jb, r imprve yur health. But why d yu want thse things? Chances are that yur answer will cme dwn t ne thing: Happiness.
Yet there is sme evidence that t much pursuit f happiness is assciated with a greater risk f depressin. Mdern cnceptins f happiness are primarily practical, fcusing n what we might call the techniques f happiness. The cncern is nt what happiness is, but instead n hw t get it.
But maximizing pleasure isn’t the nly ptin. Every human life, even the mst frtunate, is filled with pain. Painful lss, painful disappintments, the physical pain f injury r sickness, and the mental pain f lng-suffering bredm, lneliness, r sadness. Pain is an unavidable cnsequence f being alive. All the gd things in life invlve suffering. Writing a nvel, running a marathn, r giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit f the final, jyus result.
There are ther factrs as well. In the eyes f Aristtle, we get happiness by exercising ur uniquely human capabilities t think and reasn. But thinking and reasning are as much scial activities as they are individual. Happiness requires thers; it is nt an emtinal state s much as it is the excellence f the relatins we cultivate with ther peple.
But even that cannt guarantee happiness. Aristtle recgnised that ur happiness is hstage（人质）t frtune. Events beynd any individual’s cntrl—war, pverty, and glbal pandemics—will ften make happiness impssible. Happiness is nt a mental state that can be permanently wn, but instead it’s a practice which we hne（磨练）, imperfectly, in circumstances nly partly f ur making.
Recgnizing this will nt secure a gd life, but it will avid the illusry（虚幻的）hpe f permanent cntentment. N life wrth living shuld meet the nly standard. Instead, aim with Aristtle t embrace thse faults and t flwer in spite f them.
13．Where can yu find negative effects f fcusing t much n “happiness”?
A．In paragraph 2.B．In paragraph 3.
C．In paragraph 4.D．In paragraph 5.
14．Hw des the authr prve that pain is an unavidable result f being alive?
A．By making cmparisns.B．By analyzing causes.
C．By giving examples.D．By telling stries.
15．What is Aristtle’s view n happiness?
A．Happiness is a stable emtinal state.
B．Gd persnal relatinships lead t happiness.
C．Taking part in scial activities guarantees happiness.
D．Happiness prmtes independent thinking and reasning.
16．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Happiness is what humans pursue frever.
B．Happiness lies in the prcess f pursuing it.
C．Our pursuit f happiness may be imperfect.
D．Depressin and happiness are equally imprtant.
【答案】13．A 14．C 15．B 16．C
【导语】本篇是议论文。本文对于幸福的追求究竟是什么进行了阐述。得出的结论是：人们对于幸福的追求并不是完美的。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yet there is sme evidence that t much pursuit f happiness is assciated with a greater risk f depressin.(然而，有证据表明，过度追求幸福与更大的抑郁风险有关)”可知，在第2段可以找到过于关注“幸福”的负面影响。故选A项。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段“But maximizing pleasure isn’t the nly ptin. Every human life, even the mst frtunate, is filled with pain. Painful lss, painful disappintments, the physical pain f injury r sickness, and the mental pain f lng-suffering bredm, lneliness, r sadness. Pain is an unavidable cnsequence f being alive. All the gd things in life invlve suffering. Writing a nvel, running a marathn, r giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit f the final, jyus result.(但是最大化快乐并不是唯一的选择。每个人的生活，即使是最幸运的人，也充满了痛苦。痛苦的损失，痛苦的失望，身体上受伤或生病的痛苦，以及长期忍受无聊、孤独或悲伤的精神痛苦。痛苦是活着不可避免的结果。生活中所有美好的事物都伴随着苦难。写小说、跑马拉松或生孩子，都是为了追求最终的快乐结果而痛苦的)”可知，作者通过举例来证明痛苦是活着不可避免的结果。故选C项。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the eyes f Aristtle, we get happiness by exercising ur uniquely human capabilities t think and reasn. But thinking and reasning are as much scial activities as they are individual. Happiness requires thers; it is nt an emtinal state s much as it is the excellence f the relatins we cultivate with ther peple.(在亚里士多德看来，我们通过行使人类独特的思考和推理能力来获得幸福。但思考和推理既是个体活动，也是社会活动。幸福需要别人;与其说它是一种情感状态，不如说是我们与他人培养的良好关系)”可知，在亚理士多德看来“幸福并不是个体的情感状态，需要我们与他人培养良好的关系”。故选B项。
16．主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章第一段通过设问的方式引出话题；第二段指出，现如今人们过分追求幸福而产生的负面影响；第三至六段表明，过分追求幸福、将幸福最大化并不会带来真正的快乐。因此，人们对于幸福的追求并不是完美的。故选C。
Passage 5
（2022·广东佛山·统考模拟预测）One f the ldest metaphrs (隐喻) fr human interactin with technlgy is the relatinship f master and slave. Aristtle imagined that technlgy culd replace slavery if machine became autmated. Marx and Engels saw things differently. “Masses f labrers are daily and hurly enslaved by the machine,” they wrte in the Cmmunist Manifest.
Tday, cmputers ften play bth rles. Nichlas Carr, in his new bk The Glass Cage: Autmatin and Us, takes a stand n whether such technlgy imprisns r liberates its users. We are increasingly engaged, he argues, but the invisibility f ur high-tech traps gives us the ‘image f freedm’. He describes dctrs wh rely s much n decisin-assistance sftware that they verlk signals that are nt bvius frm patients.
All f this has bvius implicatins fr the use f technlgy in classrms: When d technlgies free students t think abut mre interesting and cmplex questins, and when d they destry the very cgnitive (认知) capacities that they are meant t imprve? The effect f spell check and AutCrrect sftware is an example. Psychlgists have fund the act f frming a wrd in yur mind strengthens yur capacity t remember it. When a cmputer autmatically crrects a spelling mistake, we’re n lnger frced t frm the crrect spelling in ur minds.
This might nt seem very imprtant. The prcess f wrd frmatin is nt just supplementing spelling skills, it’s als destrying students. When students find themselves withut autmated spelling assistance, they dn’t face the prspect f freezing t death, as the Inuits did when their GPS malfunctined, but they’re mre likely t make errrs. This creates a vicius cycle: The mre we use the technlgy, the mre we need t use it in all circumstances. Suddenly, ur psitin as masters f technlgy starts t seem mre insecure.
17．What did Marx and Engels think f the machine?
A．It did the bring daily wrk fr peple.
B．It failed t free peple frm being enslaved.
C．It gave peple mre time t enjy themselves.
D．It was the result f the develpment f technlgy.
18．Which f the fllwing is Nichlas Carr mst likely t agree with?
A．Technlgy is a guarantee f freedm.
B．Dctrs shuld stay away frm technlgy.
C．T much invlvement with technlgy may be risky.
D．Sme decisin-assistance sftware needs imprving.
19．What des the underlined wrd “this” in paragraph4 refer t?
A．Students being unable t spell wrds crrectly.
B．Spell check helping students remember mre wrds.
C．Students depending t much n spelling sftware.
D．Spellcheck destrying students’ cgnitive capacities.
20．Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?
A．Is technlgy making peple stupid r nt?
B．Which areas are mst affected by technlgy?
C．Are peple satisfied with the advancement f technlgy?
D．Why shuldn’t technlgy be emplyed in the classrm?
【答案】17．B 18．C 19．A 20．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人类与科技之间的关系，究竟科技是被人很好的利用，还是人已经成为了科技的奴隶。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Aristtle imagined that technlgy culd replace slavery if machine became autmated. Marx and Engels saw things differently. “Masses f labrers are daily and hurly enslaved by the machine,” they wrte in the Cmmunist Manifest.”（亚里士多德设想，如果机器变得自动化，技术可以取代奴隶制。马克思和恩格斯的看法不同。他们在《共产党宣言》中写道：“大批工人每天每时都在被机器奴役。”）可知，亚里士多德认为技术可以消除奴隶制，但马克思和恩格斯持相反的观点，认为人成为了机器的奴隶，即某种程度上来讲并没有真正地从“奴隶”中解放出来。故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据第二段的“We are increasingly engaged, he argues, but the invisibility f ur high-tech traps gives us the ‘image f freedm’. He describes dctrs wh rely s much n decisin-assistance sftware that they verlk signals that are nt bvius frm patients.”（他认为，我们的参与度越来越高，但高科技陷阱的不可见性给了我们“自由的形象”。他描述了那些过于依赖决策辅助软件的医生，他们忽视了病人身上不明显的信号）可知，Nichlas Carr认为，过度依赖科技对工作的辅助，可能会使得进行工作的人忽视真正应该关注的要点。由此推知，他可能会同意“过多地参与技术可能会有风险”这一观点。故选C。
19．词义猜测题。根据第三段的“When a cmputer autmatically crrects a spelling mistake, we’re n lnger frced t frm the crrect spelling in ur minds.”（当计算机自动纠正拼写错误时，我们不再被迫在脑海中形成正确的拼写）和第四段的“This might nt seem very imprtant. The prcess f wrd frmatin is nt just supplementing spelling skills, it’s als destrying students.(这似乎不是很重要。单词的形成过程不仅是对拼写技能的补充，也会毁了学生)”可知，第四段中的this指代的是学生无法正确地拼写单词的情况。即学生无法正确拼写单词似乎不是很重要，但单词的形成过程是对拼写的补充，如果没有这个过程，对学生是一种极大的伤害。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。第一段提到本文认为的观点“One f the ldest metaphrs (隐喻) fr human interactin with technlgy is the relatinship f master and slave.”（人类与技术互动的最古老的隐喻之一是主从关系）即技术应该为人所用，而不是取代人的地位。第二段提到Nichlas Carr的观点：依赖技术反而会忽略一些更重要的事情。第三、四段提到了技术在课堂上的使用会影响学生的认知能力，并且会让学生更容易出错，从而可能会形成一种恶性循环：出的错越多，我们使用的技术就越多，使用的技术越多就越需要在各种不同的情况下使用它，可能会让人失去一些思考的能力，使人变笨了，很有可能有一天人的地位会被技术所取代。A项“Is technlgy making peple stupid r nt?”（科技是否会让人变笨?）该项符合文意。故选A。
Passage 6
（2022·湖北·校联考模拟预测）When I stepped int the Samcheng Park Library in Seul, I saw the future. The simple building had a nice selectin f bks and a cafe where readers culd enjy cffee while gazing at the leaves utside. It was specifically designed withut any latest technlgy.
“What’s s innvative abut that?” a librarian in Trnt asked when I shwed her pictures. I Innvatin t her meant digital technlgy, like 3D printers. “Why culdn’t they bth be innvative?” I asked.
We are cnstantly tld that innvatin is the mst imprtant frce in ur ecnmy, withut which we wuld be left behind. But that fear f missing ut has led us t fall int the false trappings f innvatin ver truly innvative ideas that may be simpler and mre effective. This mindset implies that if yu just buy the new thing, yu have innvated! Each year, businesses and individuals run arund like brken ty rbts, trying t figure ut their strategy fr the latest buzzwrd equipment.
At best, this is a waste f resurces. Devices are bught, used and abandned, as the technlgy’s capabilities fall shrt f its prmise. But at its wrst, this apprach can truly cause damage. Schls cut field trips t purchase tablets with few prven benefits. Cmpanies that applied AI int hiring have actually strengthened gender and racial prejudices.
True innvatin isn’t just sme magic devices. It is a cntinuing prcess f reflectin and reassessment, which ften means adpting “ld” ideas and tls in a new cntext, r even returning t methds that wrked in the past. Adjusted prperly, these rearview (后视的) innvatins have prved as transfrmative as nvel technlgies.
Lk n farther than the streets f New Yrk, which have been redesigned recently t accmmdate cyclists with car-free znes. The idea isn’t new. It was created half a century ag, with the aim f bringing cities back t their residents. And while e-reader sales have been explding, Penguin just annunced it wuld publish tiny printed bks, an ideal slutin fr a market demanding bth cnvenience and physicality.
21．Hw des the authr like abut the Samcheng Park Library in Seul?
A．Unexceptinal.B．Bring.
C．Refreshing.D．Old-fashined.
22．What’s the main idea f Paragraph 3?
A．Innvatin is imprtant fr the grwth f ecnmy.
B．The public has misread the meaning f innvatin.
C．The true meaning f innvatin is t buy new things.
D．Truly innvative ideas shuldn’t be simple and effective.
23．What des the writer agree with abut innvatin?
A．Wasting resurces are a must fr innvatin.
B．Magic devices encurage innvatin.
C．Innvatin shuld be human-centered.
D．The pwer f technlgy is undervalued.
24．What is the writing purpse f the text?
A．T cnvince peple f the true meaning f innvatin.
B．T shw that future lies in returning t the past.
C．T intrduce sme best ideas abut innvatin.
D．T stress the imprtant rle innvatin plays in ecnmy.
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．C 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述的是什么是真正的创新。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段“When I stepped int the Samcheng Park Library in Seul, I saw the future. The simple building had a nice selectin f bks and a cafe where readers culd enjy cffee while gazing at the leaves utside. (当我走进首尔三清公园图书馆时，我看到了未来。这座简单的建筑里有很好的书籍选择和一个咖啡馆，读者可以一边喝咖啡，一边凝视着外面的树叶。)”可知， 作者觉得首尔三清公园图书馆是让人耳目一新。故选C。
22．主旨大意题。根据第三段“But that fear f missing ut has led us t fall int the false trappings f innvatin ver truly innvative ideas that may be simpler and mre effective. (但是，对错过的恐惧使我们陷入了创新的虚假陷阱，而不是真正创新的想法，这些想法可能更简单、更有效。)”可知， 第三段主要讲的是公众误读了创新的含义。故选B。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Lk n farther than the streets f New Yrk, which have been redesigned recently t accmmdate cyclists with car-free znes. The idea isn’t new. It was created half a century ag, with the aim f bringing cities back t their residents. And while e-reader sales have been explding, Penguin just annunced it wuld publish tiny printed bks, an ideal slutin fr a market demanding bth cnvenience and physicality. (看看纽约的街道就知道了，这些街道最近被重新设计，为骑自行车的人提供了无车区。这个想法并不新鲜。它是半个世纪前创建的，目的是把城市带回给居民。当电子阅读器的销量呈爆炸式增长时，企鹅公司刚刚宣布将出版小型纸质书，这是一个既要求方便又要求实物的市场的理想解决方案。)”可知，作者同意的观点是创新要以人为本。故选C。
24．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段的“True innvatin isn’t just sme magic devices. It is a cntinuing prcess f reflectin and reassessment, which ften means adpting “ld” ideas and tls in a new cntext, r even returning t methds that wrked in the past. Adjusted prperly, these rearview (后视的) innvatins have prved as transfrmative as nvel technlgies. (真正的创新不只是一些神奇的装置。这是一个持续的反思和重新评估的过程，这通常意味着在新的环境中采用“旧”的思想和工具，甚至回到过去有效的方法。经过适当调整，这些后视镜创新已被证明与新技术一样具有变革性。)”可知，本文主要论述的是什么是真正的创新，因此目的是让人们相信创新的真谛。故选A。
Passage 7
（2022·湖北·校联考模拟预测）A measure in the Huse’s $ 2 trillin ecnmic bill wuld require states t cut greenhuse gas emissins (排放) prmising rewards fr transprtatin departments that pst reductins and “cnsequences” fr thse that dn’t.
Peter A．DeFazi, chairman f the Transprtatin Cmmittee, said the prpsal is designed t push states t act. “We’re ging t give them very large mtivatin t actually make thse meaningful targets and deliver n thse targets,” he said. Accrding t the prpsal, states that cut emissins culd get a $ 1 billin pt f mney and ptentially receive ther bnus funding frm the federal gvernment. The bill desn’t spell ut ptential cnsequences fr nt reducing emissins, leaving the decisin t natinal transprtatin fficials. Experts say they culd include barriers t accessing highly prized grant funds (拨款).
Much f the attentin n cutting emissins frm the transprt industry-the natin’s largest emitter f greenhuse gases-has fcused n the adptin f electric vehicles by putting mney in charging factries and supprting battery-pwered cars. The new measure sides with envirnmental advcates wh argue the natin can’t battle a changing climate withut changing hw Americans mve arund. Envirnmentalists say the natin’s changing t electric vehicles prbably wn’t happen quickly enugh t limit temperature rises unless Americans can be cnvinced t drive less, and that wuld mean building new netwrks fcused n walking, cycling and transit (运输).
Oppsitin t the emissin measure is deep-seated. The heads f five western state transprtatin departments wrte a letter t Capitl’s cmmittee last mnth saying the prpsal wuld harm rural areas because ptins such as heavy-traffic pricing are nt well-suited t places which are ppulated in few peple, and it desn’t make sense t target thse state agencies when there are multiple reasns that influence emissins, including fuel ecnmy standards fr cars and lcal decisins abut where t build stres and hmes.
Kevin DeGd, a transprtatin researcher, said basic cnstructin shape hw peple can get arund. “It is funny that the state transprtatin departments suggest in the letter that they d nt deeply influence greenhuse gas emissins frm the transprtatin industry,” he said.
25．Hw des the gvernment prvide mtivatin?
A．By praising.B．By punishing.
C．By financing.D．By restricting.
26．What is an intended result f the bill?
A．Greatly changed climate.B．Mre cnvenient stres.
C．Stable fuel ecnmy standards.D．Ec-friendly transprt system.
27．Why did sme states mentin heavy-traffic pricing?
A．T ppse the emissin measure.B．T intrduce slutins t emissin.
C．T call fr attentin t rural areas.D．T list several reasns fr emissin.
28．What’s Kevin’s attitude twards the letter in paragraph 4?
A．Supprtive.B．Disapprving.
C．Shcked.D．Cnfident.
【答案】25．C 26．D 27．A 28．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，美国国会通过一项议案，敦促各州削减温室气体的排放。
25．细节理解题。根据第二自然段“Accrding t the prpsal, states that cut emissins culd get a $ 1 billin pt f mney and ptentially receive ther bnus funding frm the federal gvernment. (根据该提案，减排的州可以获得10亿美元的资金，并可能从联邦政府获得其他奖金。)”可知，政府通过奖励10亿美元和其他可能的津贴资助来提供激励。故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据第三自然段“Much f the attentin n cutting emissins frm the transprt industry-the natin’s largest emitter f greenhuse gases-has fcused n the adptin f electric vehicles by putting mney in charging factries and supprting battery-pwered cars. The new measure sides with envirnmental advcates wh argue the natin can’t battle a changing climate withut changing hw Americans mve arund. (作为美国最大的温室气体排放国，运输业对减排的关注主要集中在通过向充电工厂投入资金和支持电池驱动的汽车来采用电动汽车上。这项新措施站在环保倡导者一边，他们认为，如果不改变美国人的出行方式，美国就无法应对不断变化的气候。)”可知，该法案旨在削减温室气体排放，主要针对交通行业，故法案推行的结果必然是交通系统转变成生态友好型的。故选D。
27．推理判断题。第四自然段第一句“Oppsitin t the emissin measure is deep-seated. (对排放措施的反对根深蒂固。)”是该段的主旨句，指出美国各州对削减温室气体排放措施的反对是根深蒂固的。后面所列举的5个西部州以高额交通税为名反对该法案。故选A。
28．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Kevin DeGd, a transprtatin researcher, said basic cnstructin shape hw peple can get arund. “It is funny that the state transprtatin departments suggest in the letter that they d nt deeply influence greenhuse gas emissins frm the transprtatin industry,” he said. (交通研究人员Kevin DeGd说，基本的建筑决定了人们出行的方式。他说：“有趣的是，州交通部门在信中表示，他们并没有对交通行业的温室气体排放产生深刻影响。”)”可知，Kevin在评价五个西部州在信中的观点时用了funny(滑稽的；搞笑的)一词，以及他说的“他们并没有对交通行业的温室气体排放产生深刻影响”可以看出他对于第四段中五个州交通部门写的信持“不赞成”的态度。故选B。
Passage 8
（2023·四川成都·成都七中校考模拟预测）Thanks t in-depth reprting by The Wall Street Jurnal, we nw knw that Facebk has lng been aware its prduct Instagram has harmful effects n the mental health f many adlescent users. Yung girls, in particular, struggle with their bdy image thanks t a cnstant stream f phts and vides shwing beautiful bdies that users dn’t think they can attain.
While the infrmatin the jurnal cvered is essential and instructive, it des nt tell the whle stry. Deep dwn, this is nt an Instagram prblem; it’s a peple prblem. Understanding that distinctin can make the difference between a failed attempt t cntain a teen’s interest in an addictive app and successfully addressing the underlying prblem leading t mental distress caused by Instagram.
Critics were quick t shame Facebk fr sitting n the data and nt releasing it t researchers r academics wh asked fr it. Others criticize the scial media giant fr nt using the research t create a safer experience fr its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.
While I’m reluctant t defend Facebk, I’m nt sure it’s reasnable t blame the cmpany fr refusing t give data that wuld hurt its business. Have yu ever binge-watched a Netflix series? I assure yu it wasn’t a healthy endeavr. Yu were inactive, likely did nthing prductive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t g utside fr fresh air. It is an bjectively harmful use f time t stare at a TV r laptp fr a full weekend. Shuld we respnd by shaming Netflix fr nt alerting us t hw damaging an addictive prduct can be?
While it’s reasnable t say Instagram makes esteem issues wrse, it is almst impssible t believe it causes them in the first place. Yu create yur wn experiences n scial media. Fr the mst part, yu chse which accunts t fllw and engage. If yu’re already vulnerable t insecurities and self-sabtage (自损) — as many teens are — yu will find accunts t bsess ver. And this isn’t a new phenmenn.
Befre scial media, there were similar issues fueling self-esteem issues. Whether the target be magazines, mvies r televisin shws depicting difficult-t-attain bdies, there has been a relatively steady chrus f experts nting the damage new media culd cause yung viewers.
Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — ne that’s independent f scial media use. Instagram merely enhances thse feelings because it prvides infinitely mre access t triggers than lder frms f media. It’s mre wrthwhile t address thse underlying factrs rather than t attack Facebk.
29．What des the authr think f the criticisms against Instagram?
A．They address the mental pain caused by Instagram.
B．They are nt directed at the fundamental prblem.
C．They are nly based n the data released by Facebk.
D．They are effective in changing teens’ interest in addictive apps.
30．Why is Netflix mentined?
A．T defend why Facebk is t blame.
B．T shw Netflix des mre harm t teens.
C．T suggest the critics’ remarks are nt t the pint.
D．T cmpare the criticisms against it and Facebk.
31．Why is the Instagram prblem essentially a “peple prblem”?
A．Peple have a tendency t feel insecure nline.
B．Peple are keen n making up their self-prfile.
C．It is human nature t get addicted t scial media.
D．Users decide n their experiences n scial media.
32．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The fierce criticism faced by Facebk.
B．The harmful impact f Instagram n teenagers.
C．The alarming nline habits f teenagers wrldwide.
D．The rt f mental sufferings caused by Instagram.
【答案】29．B 30．C 31．D 32．D
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。《华尔街日报》报道中，Instagram对许多青少年用户的心理健康产生有害影响。但在作者看来，这是其诱发用户精神紧张，放大了自身的自尊问题所致，本质上是人的问题。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Critics were quick t shame Facebk fr sitting n the data and nt releasing it t researchers r academics wh asked fr it. Others criticize the scial media giant fr nt using the research t create a safer experience fr its teen users. The anger, while understandable, is misplaced.(批评人士很快就指责 Facebk搁置数据，不向要求提供数据的研究人员或学者提供数据。其他人批评这家社交媒体巨头没有利用这项研究为青少年用户创造更安全的体验。这种愤怒虽然可以理解，但却不恰当)”可推知，作者认为对Instagram的批评并没有指向根本问题。故选B项。
30．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“While I’m reluctant t defend Facebk, I’m nt sure it’s reasnable t blame the cmpany fr withhlding data that wuld hurt its business.(虽然我不愿意为Facebk辩护，但我不确定指责该公司隐瞒可能损害其业务的数据是否合理)”及“Have yu ever binge-watched a Netflix series? I assure yu it wasn’t a healthy endeavr. Yu were in active, likely did nthing prductive, mindlessly snacked and didn’t g utside fr fresh air. It is an bjectively harmful use f time t stare at a TV r laptp fr a full weekend. Shuld we respnd by shaming Netflix fr nt alerting us t hw damaging an addictive prduct can be?(你曾经疯狂地看Netflix的电视剧吗?我向你保证这不是一个健康的尝试。你很活跃，可能没有做任何有成效的事情，漫无目的地吃零食，也不出去呼吸新鲜空气。整个周末盯着电视或笔记本电脑，客观上是一种有害的时间利用。作为回应，我们是否应该羞辱Netflix，因为它没有提醒我们这种令人上瘾的产品有多大的危害？)”可推知，Netflix被提及是为了表明我们受到网络的影响很大原因是自己产生的，不能完全怪罪于网络媒体，Instagram也一样，作者在此表明批评者的言论并没有指出问题。故选C项。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Yu create yur wn experiences n scial media. Fr the mst part, yu chse which accunts t fllw and engage. If yu’re already vulnerable t insecurities and self-sabtage (自损) — as many teens are — yu will find accunts t bsess ver. And this isn’t a new phenmenn.(你在社交媒体上创造自己的体验。在大多数情况下，你可以选择关注和参与哪些账户。如果你已经很容易受到不安全感和自我破坏的影响——就像许多青少年一样——你会找到一些让你着迷的账户。这并不是一个新现象)”可知，Instagram问题本质上是“人的问题”是因为用户在社交媒体上决定自己的体验，不是Instagram产生了这些问题。故选D项。
32．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Deep dwn，this is nt an Instagram prblem; it’s a peple prblem.(实际上，这不是Instagram 的问题；这是人的问题)”及最后一段“Self-esteem issues have an underlying cause — ne that’s independent f scial media use. Instagram merely enhances thse feelings because it prvides infinitely mre access t triggers than lder frms f media.(自尊问题有一个潜在的原因，这个原因与社交媒体的使用无关。Instagram只是增强了这些感觉，因为它比旧的媒体形式提供了无限多的接触触发器的途径)”并结合全文内容可知，作者认为Instagram对于青少年用户产生心理影响，是其诱发精神紧张，放大自身的自尊问题所致。由此可知，文章主要论述了Instagram造成精神痛苦的根源。故选D项。
Passage 9
（2023·广东韶关·统考二模）Many f us seem t have lives that fllw a certain path. Frm kindergarten all the way t marriage, every stage f ur lives seems t be preset. Althugh this wrks well fr many peple, accrding t British mtivatinal philspher Jay Shetty, there is n “right” schedule t live ur lives by.
A few mnths ag, a vide f Shetty’s speech Befre Yu Feel Pressure went viral n the Internet acrss the wrld. In the vide, he sends an imprtant message that we shuld think “utside f the path” and have the curage t fllw ur hearts. Shetty adds that, we dn’t have t get stressed and put urselves in a race with ur peers r judge ur lives based n thers. Everything in life happens accrding t ur time, ur clcks.
In his inspiring speech, Shetty pints ut that UK authr J. K. Rwling gt her famus Harry Ptter series published at age 32, after being turned dwn by 12 publishers. Shetty als mentins that Chinese businessman Jack Ma didn’t even start the Alibaba Grup until he was 35 and US actr Mrgan Freeman didn’t get his big break until he was 52 years ld.
We shuldn’t let anyne rush us. As Albert Einstein nce said, “Nt everything that cunts can be cunted, and nt everything that’s cunted truly cunts. ”
The key t staying n ur wn tracks is t be patient and embrace ur wn passins. In Australian nurse Brnnie Ware’s best-selling bk, she recrded the regrets f her dying patients, and the tp ne n the list was, “I wish l had the curage t live a life true t myself, nt the ne thers expected f me.” Indeed, we are all unique in ur persnalities and gifts, and there’s n perfect fit fr all. We shuld listen t ur inner vices and unlearn what the wrld has taught us.
“It is imprtant t allw peple t g back t being self-aware f their wn interests, needs and cncerns”, Shetty tld Natinal Gegraphic. “It’s discnnecting frm what ‘makes sense’ t what actually mves yu and what makes sense internally.”
33．What is many peple’s life path like accrding t Paragraph 1?
A．It suits everyne fine.
B．It is preset by parents.
C．It includes tw majr stages.
D．It seems t be a fixed pattern.
34．What des Shetty want t cnvey in the vide?
A．Run yur wn race.
B．Fllw the preset path.
C．Think utside the bx.
D．Integrate ur ideas with thers’.
35．Hw des Shetty prve his idea in Paragraph 3?
A．By using qutes.
B．By giving examples.
C．By making cmparisn.
D．By analyzing figures.
36．Which statement des the authr mst prbably agree with?
A．Accept what thers teach us.
B．Stick t ur wn internal thughts.
C．Live up t thers’ expectatins f us.
D．Reflect n what we underg in ur life.
【答案】33．D 34．A 35．B 36．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了我们的人生不应该遵循固定的模式，我们应该倾听自己内心的声音，坚持我们自己内心的想法，走我们自己的人生道路。
33．推理判断题。根据第一段关键句“Many f us seem t have lives that fllw a certain path. Frm kindergarten all the way t marriage, every stage f ur lives seems t be preset.”（我们中的许多人的生活似乎都遵循着某种道路。从幼儿园到结婚，我们生活的每一个阶段似乎都是预设的。）可知，我们许多人的生活似乎都遵循着某种道路，似乎都是预设好的，由此可知，根据第一段内容可知许多人的人生道路似乎是一种固定的模式。故选D项。
34．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“In the vide, he sends an imprtant message that we shuld think “utside f the path” and have the curage t fllw ur hearts. Shetty adds that, we dn’t have t get stressed and put urselves in a race with ur peers r judge ur lives based n thers. Everything in life happens accrding t ur time, ur clcks.”（在视频中，他发出了一个重要信息，即我们应该“跳出道路”思考，并有勇气追随自己的内心。Shetty补充道，我们不必感到压力，不必让自己与同龄人竞争，也不必根据他人来判断自己的生活。生活中的一切都是根据我们的时间和时钟发生的。）可知，Shetty在视频中建议我们追随自己的内心生活，不必根据他人来判断自己的生活，由此可知，Shetty想要在视频中传达“按照自己的节奏生活”这一想法。故选A项。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段内容“In his inspiring speech, Shetty pints ut that UK authr J. K. Rwling gt her famus Harry Ptter series published at age 32, after being turned dwn by 12 publishers. Shetty als mentins that Chinese businessman Jack Ma didn’t even start the Alibaba Grup until he was 35 and US actr Mrgan Freeman didn’t get his big break until he was 52 years ld.”（Shetty在鼓舞人心的演讲中指出，英国作家J·K·罗琳在32岁时出版了她著名的《哈利·波特》系列丛书，此前她被12家出版商拒绝。Shetty还提到，中国商人马云直到35岁才创办阿里巴巴集团，而美国演员Mrgan Freeman直到52岁才获得重大突破。）可知，Shetty在第三段中列举了英国作家J·K·罗琳、中国商人马云和美国演员Mrgan Freeman的例子来证明他的想法，由此可知，Shetty在第三段中通过举例说明来证明他的想法。故选B项。
36．推理判断题。通读全文，结合倒数第二段关键句“Indeed, we are all unique in ur persnalities and gifts, and there’s n perfect fit fr all. We shuld listen t ur inner vices and unlearn what the wrld has taught us.”（事实上，我们每个人的个性和天赋都是独一无二的，没有适合所有人的。我们应该倾听自己内心的声音，忘记世界教会我们的东西。）可知，作者认为我们应该倾听自己内心的声音，坚持我们自己的内心想法，走我们自己的人生道路，结合选项可知，作者最有可能同意的说法是“坚持我们自己的内心想法”。故选B项。
Passage 10
（2023·江西赣州·统考二模）Sleep is reparative. Because we need t repair a lt while we sleep, it’s imprtant t get quality sleep.
Mst f us functin better in the daytime with rutines. We als functin better at night with a rutine because we want t keep pace with ur natural bdy rhythms. Each persn’s rutine may be different — sme peple wash their face at night, and sme take a bath — just make sure it is a rutine. That’s true during the week and n the weekend; cnsistency matters. Have a winding dwn, getting ready fr sleep rutine, and carry that ut at the same time every night. Find things that are relaxing and help slw yu dwn fr sleep. That may be reading, listening t music, meditating, praying — anything that’s relaxing while als being cnstructive r healthy.
Typically, peple relax and tend t slw everything dwn at bedtime. As they relax, they take deeper breaths, increasing xygen flw, which raises their skin temperature. This is ne f the key reasns why we sleep better in a cler envirnment. If yur skin temperature increases and yur rm is already a bit warm, yu will be t ht t sleep well.
The exact temperature is a persnal matter. The key is that it’s mre tward cl than ht. Many cnsider 68 degrees an envirnment that’s neither s cld we shiver nr s ht we sweat. But there’s n scientific evidence fr an exact, perfect sleeping temperature.
At the end f the day, sleep is abslutely crucial fr s many reasns. It helps us repair and rejuvenate s we can fight infectin, cncentrate, regulate ur mds, shw up fr urselves and the peple in ur lives, and basically functin as humans. We can’t make up lst sleep, cntrary t what many a night wl might think. S, it’s really high time we shuld d all we can t fster the best sleep pssible, starting with a cl rm and relaxing bedtime rutine.
37．What can be inferred frm Paragraph 2?
A．A rutine can be helpful in getting quality sleep.
B．It’s best t avid screens befre yu g t bed.
C．Higher quality f sleep leads t better mental health.
D．Listening t music makes it difficult t stay asleep.
38．What will happen when peple relax during sleep at night?
A．They’ll take mre regular breaths.B．They’ll feel cler than in the day.
C．Their skin temperature will rise.D．They will nt get enugh xygen.
39．What main pint des the authr want t make in the last paragraph?
A．Gd sleep can be made at any time.B．Sleep is imprtant fr many reasns.
C．Try t develp gd sleep habits nw.D．Lst sleep makes n difference t peple.
40．What’s the structure f the text?
A．B．
C．D．
【答案】37．A 38．C 39．C 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，高质量的睡眠至关重要，作者在文章中主要论述了养成良好的睡前让自己放松的习惯并严格执行、保持凉爽的温度有益于提高睡眠质量。
37．推理判断题。根据第二段“Mst f us functin better in the daytime with rutines. We als functin better at night with a rutine because we want t keep pace with ur natural bdy rhythms. Each persn’s rutine may be different-sme peple wash their face at night, and sme take a bath-just make sure it is a rutine. That’s true during the week and n the weekend; cnsistency matters. (我们大多数人在白天按照习惯就会表现更好。我们在晚上按照习惯也会更好，因为我们想要跟上我们自然的身体节奏。每个人的习惯可能是不同的——有些人晚上洗脸，有些人洗澡——只要确保这是一种习惯。工作日和周末都是如此；一致性很重要。)”可知，养成习惯有助于获得高质量的睡眠。故选A。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Typically, peple relax and tend t slw everything dwn at bedtime. As they relax, they take deeper breaths, increasing xygen flw, which raises their skin temperature. (通常情况下，人们在睡觉时会放松，往往会放慢一切。当他们放松时，他们会深呼吸，增加氧气流量，从而提高皮肤温度。)”可知，当人们在晚上睡觉时放松，他们的皮肤温度会升高。故选C。
39．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“At the end f the day, sleep is abslutely crucial fr s many reasns. It helps us repair and rejuvenate s we can fight infectin, cncentrate, regulate ur mds, shw up fr urselves and the peple in ur lives, and basically functin as humans. We can’t make up lst sleep, cntrary t what many a night wl might think. S, it’s really high time we shuld d all we can t fster the best sleep pssible, starting with a cl rm and relaxing bedtime rutine. (归根结底，出于多种原因，睡眠绝对至关重要。它帮助我们修复和恢复活力，这样我们就可以对抗感染，集中注意力，调节我们的情绪，为自己和我们生活中的人出现，并且基本上像人类一样发挥作用。我们无法弥补失去的睡眠，这与许多夜猫子的想法相反。所以，现在真的是时候了，我们应该尽我们所能来促进最好的睡眠，从凉爽的房间和放松的就寝时间开始。)”可知，作者阐述良好睡眠的诸多益处，并且指出失去的睡眠是无法弥补的，并由此得出结论：从现在开始，尽我们所能来促进最好的睡眠，从凉爽的房间和放松的就寝时间开始；由此可知，作者在最后一段要阐述的主要观点是现在就努力养成良好的睡眠习惯。故选C。
40．推理判断题。在文章第一段“Sleep is reparative. Because we need t repair a lt while we sleep, it’s imprtant t get quality sleep. (睡眠是修复性的。因为我们需要在睡觉时修复很多东西，所以获得高质量的睡眠很重要。)”作者阐述了高质量睡眠的重要性；由第二段中“Have a winding dwn, getting ready fr sleep rutine, and carry that ut at the same time every night. Find things that are relaxing and help slw yu dwn fr sleep. That may be reading, listening t music, meditating, praying — anything that’s relaxing while als being cnstructive r healthy. (有一个放松下来，准备睡觉的程序，每天晚上在同一时间进行。找一些能让你放松的事情，让你慢慢入睡。可以是阅读、听音乐、冥想、祈祷——任何既放松又有益健康的事情。)”可知第二段阐述了养成良好的睡前让自己放松的一些习惯并严格执行有助于提高睡眠质量；第三段“Typically, peple relax and tend t slw everything dwn at bedtime. As they relax, they take deeper breaths, increasing xygen flw, which raises their skin temperature. This is ne f the key reasns why we sleep better in a cler envirnment. If yur skin temperature increases and yur rm is already a bit warm, yu will be t ht t sleep well. (通常情况下，人们会在睡前放松，并倾向于放慢一切。当他们放松时，他们会深呼吸，增加氧气流量，从而提高皮肤温度。这就是为什么我们在凉爽的环境中睡得更好的关键原因之一。如果你的皮肤温度升高，而你的房间已经有点热了，你就会热得睡不好觉。)”以及第四段“The exact temperature is a persnal matter. The key is that it’s mre tward cl than ht. Many cnsider 68 degrees an envirnment that’s neither s cld we shiver nr s ht we sweat. But there’s n scientific evidence fr an exact, perfect sleeping temperature. (确切的温度是个人问题。关键是它更倾向于冷而不是热。许多人认为68度的环境既不会冷到让人发抖，也不会热到让人出汗。但是没有科学证据证明一个精确的、完美的睡眠温度。)”阐述了睡觉放松时人们皮肤温度会升高，凉爽的环境有助于提高睡眠质量；在文章最后一段“At the end f the day, sleep is abslutely crucial fr s many reasns. It helps us repair and rejuvenate s we can fight infectin, cncentrate, regulate ur mds, shw up fr urselves and the peple in ur lives, and basically functin as humans. We can’t make up lst sleep, cntrary t what many a night wl might think. S, it’s really high time we shuld d all we can t fster the best sleep pssible, starting with a cl rm and relaxing bedtime rutine. (归根结底，出于多种原因，睡眠绝对至关重要。它帮助我们修复和恢复活力，这样我们就可以对抗感染，集中注意力，调节我们的情绪，为自己和我们生活中的人出现，并且基本上像人类一样发挥作用。我们无法弥补失去的睡眠，这与许多夜猫子的想法相反。所以，现在真的是时候了，我们应该尽我们所能来促进最好的睡眠，从凉爽的房间和放松的就寝时间开始。)”作者阐述良好睡眠的诸多益处，并且指出失去的睡眠是无法弥补的；并对自己的观点进行总结：从现在开始养成良好的习惯，从凉爽的房间和放松的就寝习惯开始；由此可知，本文为总——分——总结构，其中第二段阐述了养成良好的睡前让自己放松的一些习惯并严格执行有助于提高睡眠质量；第三、四段阐述了凉爽的温度有助于提高睡眠质量；A选项符合文章结构。故选A。