2024届中考英语语法复习专题14宾语从句考点聚焦和精讲（原卷版）

这是一份2024届中考英语语法复习专题14宾语从句考点聚焦和精讲（原卷版），共15页。
掌握宾语从句的时态、语序及引导词的选择
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。中考主要考查的知识点有三个：引导词、时态和语序。
1. 宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句的引导词有三种：that；whether/if；特殊疑问词what/which/wh/whm/whse/when/where/why/hw等。
（1）that引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有陈述意义时，或是宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，用于陈述一件事，宾语从句用that引导，that无意义，不充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中常被省略，但在正式场合，特别是表示建议要求的从句，一般不省略。
1.The radi says it will rain tmrrw. 收音机报道说明天要下雨。
yu think it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗?
He said he culd cme n time. 他说他会准时来的。
（2）特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有特殊疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，应该用连接代词（what, which, wh, whse）或连接副词（when, where, hw, why）引导。这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。
1.Culd yu tell me gate we have t g t? 请问我们得走哪个门?
2.Culd yu tell me he said t yu? 你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？
3.He didn’t tell me he wuld stay here. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。
4.Culd yu tell me yu were late fr the meeting this mrning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？
【注意】what引导宾语从句时有两种含义，一是“什么”，一是“……的东西/事情等”。
1.Can yu tell me we can d fr yu? 请问我们能为你做点什么？(what意思为“什么”)
2.In ne’s wn hme ne can d ne likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。(what意思为“……的事情”)
（3）if或whether引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有一般疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是一般疑问句转化而来的，引导词用if 或whether。if 或whether在句子中不充当成分，但有一定的意义，意为“是否”。if 或whether不可省略。
1.I dn’t care yu like the stry r nt. 我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。
2.I wnder yu have tld the news t Li Lei. 我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。
3.Let us knw yu can finish the wrk befre Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。
【注意】一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下几种情况只能用whether：
① 在具有选择意义又有r或r nt时，尤其是直接与r nt连用时，往往用whether，而不用if。
1.I want t knw it’s gd news r nt. 我想知道是否是好消息。
2.They are talking abut t g there r nt. 他们正在谈论是否去那儿。
3.Can yu tell me r nt he will cme t ur party. 你能告诉我是否将要来参加我们的聚会。
② 宾语是介词引导的从句时用whether。
1.It depends n (取决于) it is ging t rain. 这取决于是否会下雨。
2.It all depends n he has enugh time. 这要看他是否有足够的时间。
3.His father is wrried abut he lses his wrk. 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
③ 宾语是不定式时用whether。
1.I can’t decide t stay. 我不能决定是否留下。
2.We really dn’t knw t g r t stay. 我们确实不知道是去还是留。
④ 有时为了强调，将宾语从句放在句首时用whether。
1. the stry is true r nt, I dn’t knw yet. 故事是否属实，我还不知道。
2. they can finish the wrk n time is still a prblem. 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
2. 宾语从句的时态
（1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时（包括一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时）或祈使句时，从句可根据意义需要选用任何一种时态。
1.He says that he gd at English. 他说他擅长英语。
2.He says that he been ill fr tw days. 他说他已经病了两天了。
3.I dn’t knw if he cme tmrrw. 我不知道是否他明天回来。
4.Xiaming wants t knw what time yu up this mrning. 小明想知道今天早晨你是几点起床的。
5.D yu knw what he ding at 9 ’clck yesterday evening? 你知道昨天晚上九点钟他在干什么吗？
（2）如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时（包括一般过去时，过去将来时，过去进行时，过去在完成时），从句要用相对应的过去的时态（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。
We asked what Jean ding then. 我们问Jean那时正在做什么。
（3）如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。
1.He said that the sun in the east. 他说太阳从东方升起。
2.Plly said n news gd news. 波利说没有消息就是好消息。
3.He tld me that his father an English teacher. 他告诉我他父亲是一位英语老师。
4.The mther tld his sn that tw and three five. 母亲告诉她的儿子二加三等于五。
5.Lisa asked whether light faster than sund. 莉萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。
6.We all knew that a friend in need a friend indeed. 我们都知道患难的朋友才是真正的朋友。
7.The teacher tld us yesterday that December 25 Christmas Day. 老师昨天告诉我们十二月二十五日是圣诞节。
（4）如果宾语从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，不论主句用什么时态，从句一律用过去时。
1.She said she t wrk here in 1998. 她说她1998年来这儿工作。
2.The teacher tld us that the war ut in the winter f 1923. 老师告诉我们战争爆发于1923年冬天。
（5）情态动词culd/wuld用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。
1.Culd yu tell me where the nearest hspital ? 你能告诉我最近的医院在哪儿吗？
2.Culd yu let me knw when he here? 你能让我知道他什么时候离开这儿吗？
3. 宾语从句的语序
（1）陈述句改为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。
He is a gd by. The teacher said. →The teacher said (that) he a gd by. 老师说他是一个好孩子。
（2）一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句，语序改为陈述语序。
1.Des he wrk hard? I wnder. →I wnder if/whether hard. 我想知道他是否努力工作。
2.Did yu get hme very late? He asked me. →He asked me if hme very late. 他问我是否到家很晚。
3.When did he leave? I dn’t knw. →I dn’t knw when . 我不知道他是什么时候离开的。
4.Where des yur father wrk? Can yu tell us?→Can yu tell us where ? 你能告诉我们你爸在哪里工作吗?
【注意】当引导词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时，其语序则保持原来的语序，即“连接代词+谓语”。如：
1.He asked me . 他问我我怎么啦？（what在从句中作主语）
2.Can yu tell me ? 你能告诉我出了什么事？（what在从句中作主语）
3.I dn’t knw . 我不知道他们中谁最小。（wh在从句中作主语）
4. 宾语从句的否定转移
如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we 时，并且谓语动词多为think, believe, imagine, suppse, cnsider, expect, fancy, guess等表示心理活动的词时，如果宾语从句是否定的，一般要将否定词nt转移到主句的谓语动词上，而将宾语从句变成肯定形式，即否定转移。否则，变否定句看从句。
1.I believe he will cme.（变否定句）→I he will cme. 我相信他不会来。
2.I think chicken can swim.（变否定句）→I chicken can swim. 我认为鸡不会游泳。
3.He knws where I live.（变否定句）→He where I live. 他不知道我住在什么地方。
5. 宾语从句变反意疑问句
（1）如果宾语从句的主句是第一人称I或we时，变反意疑问句时看从句，但要注意否定转移的情况。
1.I dn’t think he can finish the wrk, he? 我认为他不能完成这项工作，是吗？
2.I dn’t expect that she wuld cme, she? 我想她不会来了，是吗？
3.I imagine that the students like her, they? 我认为学生们喜欢她，不是吗？
（2）如果主句不是第一人称时则看主句。
1.He desn’t knw where I live, he? 他不知道我住在什么地方，是吗？
2.Yu think she is a gd teacher, yu? 你认为她是个好老师，不是吗？
3.Mary thinks yu will cme t the meeting, she? 玛丽认为你会来参加会议，不是吗？
（3）如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词，其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。
We find that he never listens t the teacher carefully, he? 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是?
6. 宾语从句的复合结构
（1）在think, find, feel, cnsider, make, believe等接有复合宾语的动词之后，为了避免句子头重脚轻或关系模糊，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正作宾语的宾语从句放在宾语补足语之后，即用“及物动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句”结构。
I that we shuld learn swimming well. 我认为我们应该学好游泳是很重要的。
（2）有些动词带宾语从句时要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词主要有：hate, take, we, have, see t。
1.He will have that ur plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行。
2.I hate when they say with their muths full f fd. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。
（3）若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替。
1.We all cnsider . 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。
2.We discvered t be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的。
7. 宾语从句的简化。
宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“疑问词+不定式”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。下面介绍几种常见的简化宾语从句的用法。
方法一：改为“动词+不定式短语”。当主句谓语动词是hpe, decide, wish, chse, agree, prmise, frget, plan等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。
1.We decided that we wuld help him. →We decided him. 我们决定，我们会帮助他。
2.Li Ming hpes he will be back very sn. →Li Ming hpes very sn. 李明希望他会很快回来。
3.She agreed that she culd help me with my maths. →She agreed me with my maths. 她同意帮助我学数学。
方法二：改为“疑问词+不定式”。当主句谓语动词是ask, knw, learn, remember, frget, tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
1.I dn’t knw what I shuld say.→I dn’t knw . 我不知道要说什么。
2.She has frgtten hw she can pen the dr.→ She has frgtten the dr. 他已忘记如何打开那扇门了。
【注意】当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, shw, teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
Culd yu tell me hw I can get t the statin? →Culd yu tell me t the statin? 你能告诉我怎样去火车站吗？
方法三：改为“宾语+动名词形式/不定式/名词（作宾补）”。当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带t的动名词或不定式形式。
1.They fund that the bx was very heavy. →They fund the bx very . 他们发现这只箱子很重。
2.She fund that the wallet lay/was lying n the grund. →She fund the wallet n the grund. 她发现钱包躺在地上。
方法四：改为“不定式（短语）”。动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。
It seemed that the bys were ging t win. →The bys seemed . 男孩们似乎要赢了。
方法五：改为“名词或名词短语”。
1.I’ll take back what I said. → I’ll take back . 我将收回我的话。
2.Culd yu tell us hw we can get t the museum? → Culd yu tell us the museum? 你能告诉我如何去博物馆吗?
3.The by desn’t knw when and where he was brn. 那男孩不知道他在何时何地出生。
→The by desn’t knw . 男孩不知道他出生的时间和地方
方法六：改为“动名词形式”。动词remember, frget后的宾语从句是现在完成时态时，可把宾语从句改成动名词作宾语，
1.I frget I have clsed the windw. → I frget the windw. 我忘了我已经关过窗户了。
2.I remember that I have tld her the truth. → I remember her the truth. 我记得我把真相告诉了她。
方法七：改为“过去分词或过去分词短语”。
1.The teacher fund that the by was very interested in maths. 老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。
→The teacher fund the by very maths. 老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。
2.Sn they fund that the grund was cvered with thick snw. 他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。
→Sn they fund the grund thick snw. 他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。
8. 宾语从句和状语从句的区别
if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，从句时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。
1.---- I dn’t knw if he cme. 我不知道他是否会来。
2.---- He will cme if it rain. 如果不下雨，他会来的。
3.---- D yu knw when he cme back tmrrw? 你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？
4.---- Srry, I dn’t knw. When he back, I’ll tell yu. 对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。
题组1填空题
1.Find ut thse things are, think hard abut wh yu want t be, and then shw yurself hnestly t the peple arund yu.
2.—D yu knw the Smiths left Shanghai?
—I’m nt sure abut the date. I nly remember it was a Sunday.
3.—It’s said that the new highway has been cmpleted.
—Yes,but we dn’t knw it’s t be pened t traffic sn.
题组2选择题
1．（2023·青海·统考中考真题）A best friend is a persn _________ is always there when yu need him r her. As the saying ges, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”
A．whmB．whseC．wh
2．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）—I want t knw ________.
—Friendly and hnest peple.
A．when yu will meet yur friends
B．hw yu make yur friends happy
C．where yu spend weekends with friends
D．what kind f peple yu want t make friends with
3．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）—Bb, culd yu tell me ________?
—Of curse. Every day.
A．when the teacher will cmeB．why yu keep a diary
C．hw lng yu slept last nightD．hw ften yu exercise
4．（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）—D yu knw ________?
—It’s in the desert t the east f Cair.
A．what the new capital f Egypt (埃及) isB．where the new capital f Egypt is
C．hw big the new capital f Egypt isD．why Egypt is getting a new capital
5．（2023·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）— Culd yu please tell me ________?
— It’s n the secnd flr.
A．why yu were lateB．where the restrm is
C．when the shp pensD．hw the weather will be tmrrw
6．（2023·辽宁锦州·统考中考真题）—Amy, I wnder ________ in the street when I cme t pick yu up.
—Well, there’s a big tree with lvely flwers by the frnt gate at the mment.
A．wh I can g withB．hw I can find yur huse
C．why I can’t take the busD．when I shuld arrive at yur huse
7．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）—I wnder ________.
—My best friend James.
A．hw can yu spend the cming summer hlidays
B．hw yu can spend the cming summer hlidays
C．wh will yu spend the cming summer hlidays with
D．wh yu will spend the cming summer hlidays with
8．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）—Hi, Kate. I want t knw ________.
—Yu can help t hand ut sme ntices.
A．when Schl Day isB．wh can cme t Schl Day
C．why we hld Schl DayD．what I can d fr Schl Day
9．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）— I wnder _______ this evening.
— What abut the Sprts Center? It’s big and clean.
A．where we can play basketballB．when we can play basketball
C．when can we play basketballD．where can we play basketball
10．（2023·江苏无锡·统考中考真题）—Yu knw ________? In 12 hurs!
— That’s crazy. Hw is it even pssible?
A．hw sn we must finish the taskB．hw ften we must finish the task
C．hw sn must we finish the taskD．hw ften must we finish the task
11．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）—Culd yu tell me ________?
—By undergrund.
A．where is Shenyang Imperial PalaceB．where Shenyang Imperial Palace is
C．hw I can get t Shenyang Imperial PalaceD．hw can I get t Shenyang Imperial Palace
12．（2023·新疆·中考真题）—D yu knw ___________ ?
—It was intrduced thrugh the Silk Rad.
A．why pepper was planted in ChinaB．what pepper was used fr in China
C．when pepper was discvered in ChinaD．hw pepper was intrduced t China
13．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）— Sandy, Dragn Bat Festival is cming. Culd yu tell me________?
— Sure! Yu can buy sme in Shihui Supermarket. It’s nt far frm here.
A．where I can buy sme sweet zngziB．wh likes eating sweet zngzi
C．whether this kind f zngzi is sweetD．hw yu make sweet zngzi
14．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）—I’ll visit the ld peple’s hme this weekend, but I dn’t knw ________.
—Yu can ride a bike.
A．hw I shuld g thereB．wh I shuld g with
C．when I shuld cme backD．where I shuld stay
15．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）—Alice, I wnder ________ yu wn the tug-f-war (拔河比赛) yesterday.
—Yeah! We pulled tgether and made it in the end.
A．whatB．whereC．whether
16．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）If we study hard with big dreams, there is nthing ________ can’t be achieved.
A．whB．thatC．whm
17．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）The Aerspace Square ________ was cmpleted last year has becme a new turist attractin.
A．whichB．whC．whmD．where
18．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）—Next Sunday is my grandmther’s birthday. I’m thinking abut ________.
—Gd by! And please give my best wishes t her.
A．what present I gave herB．hw I can give her a surprise
C．if I had a party fr herD．where will my family have a big meal
19．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）— Excuse me, culd yu tell me ________?
— Yu can take the N. 28 bus there. It’s abut 20 minutes’ ride.
A．hw far Huaxing Middle Schl is
B．hw can I get t Huaxing Middle Schl
C．hw lng it takes t get t Huaxing Middle Schl
20．（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—Culd yu tell me ________?
—In Educatin Bkshp near the schl.
A．where yu bught the map
B．where did yu buy the map
C．where culd yu buy the map
21．（2023·广西·统考中考真题）—Excuse me, culd yu tell me ________?
—At 7 ’clck in the evening.
A．when the cncert will start
B．where we can buy cncert tickets
C．wh will sing sngs at the cncert
22．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）—Safety is very imprtant t all f us.
—I agree. We students shuld learn ________ urselves in the daily life.
A．where t hldB．what t visitC．hw t prtectD．why t help
23．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）—I want t knw ________.
—Maybe in the classrm.
A．when will we buy themB．why they will like t g there
C．where will yu g t wrkD．where we will have the singing training
24．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）—Wuld yu please tell me ________?
—By keeping a diary every day.
A．why yu want t study English
B．wh yu ften speak English with
C．hw yu imprve yur English writing
25．（2023·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）—What did the shpkeeper say t yu?
—She asked me _______.
A．when did the shp clseB．if I preferred that T-shirt
C．what else I will buyD．where did I see the style
26．（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—Culd yu tell me ________ get smething t eat?
—Sure. There’s a restaurant dwn the street.
A．what I canB．what can IC．where can ID．where I can
27．（2023·黑龙江·统考中考真题）—Culd yu tell me ________?
—I think watching cking vides is a gd way.
A．hw did yu ck wellB．hw can yu ck wellC．hw yu can ck well
题组2语篇填空
Hwever, several studies have shwn a serius prblem: tday?s teenagers lack media literacy(媒体素养). In ther wrds, they have difficulty critically thinking abut the infrmatin they see. One study 1 was dne n middle schl students shwed that mre than 80 percent f them culdn?t tell the difference between real stries and ads that lked like news.
Stanfrd prfessr Kevin Jhn teaches a class called Media Effects. He tries t help his students learn media literacy. The prfessr gave an example that shws 2 media literacy is imprtant. In the example, tw news statins reprt a snwstrm. One fcuses n(关注) the terrible rad cnditins. The ther fcuses n kids playing in the snw. “With a news stry, news statins tell yu 3 they feel are the imprtant details(细节). These details mstly depend n the pinins f the news directr,” said Jhn. “A persn 4 has media literacy wuld realize 5 each stry is abut ne side at this time. There is mre ging n.”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.