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专题39 2024阅读理解七选五满分对策--【知识大盘点】2024高考英语一轮复习知识大盘点红宝书
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这是一份专题39 2024阅读理解七选五满分对策--【知识大盘点】2024高考英语一轮复习知识大盘点红宝书，文件包含专题39阅读理解七选五满分对策原卷版docx、专题39阅读理解七选五满分对策解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共35页， 欢迎下载使用。
2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就，需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点，成功只是早晚的事！
专题39 【口袋书】阅读理解七选五满分对策 解析版
目录导航
一、利用设空位置，快解阅读七选五 2
技法一 段首设空题 2
技法二 段中设空题 4
技法三 段尾设空题 5
二、依据词汇线索，巧解阅读七选五 7
技法一 词汇复现法 7
技法二 代词指代法 9
三、根据逻辑关系，化解阅读七选五 11
1．总分关系 11
2．解释关系 12
3．例证关系 12
4．并列关系 13
5．递进关系 13
6．转折关系 13
7．对比关系 14
8．因果关系 14
四、阅读理解七选五语篇训练 15
1.2023▪新高考I卷 15
2.2023▪新高考II卷 16
3.2023▪全国甲卷 17
4.2023▪全国乙卷 19
阅读理解七选五题命题规律探究
阅读七选五主要考查考生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握。考试形式是在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
解答阅读七选五题目时，方法会因人而异，所以我们在复习备考中，根据题型特点和平时的教学总结了三种比较实用的解题技法：
①利用设空位置，快解阅读七选五；
②依据词汇线索，巧解阅读七选五；
③根据逻辑关系，化解阅读七选五。
这三种技法各有特色，没有优劣之分。有的试题仅仅运用一种方法不能找出答案，可以综合运用三种方法，灵活解题。
一、利用设空位置，快解阅读七选五
技法一 段首设空题
调研1:【2021新课标I卷】 39 On ur first mrning in Paris, I went arund the cmer t the fd market t pick up sme grceries. I bught a handful f perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet meln. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cst $18!
C. There was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable bed.
D. The amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal farmers.
E. That's nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we d.
F. Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.
【答案】E
【解析】39. E。这题为第四段第一句话，功能为承接第三段引起第四段。所以大家做题时要看第三段的内容和第四段的内容，并且概括二段的大意。法国人吃得少的第一点原因是第三段中描述的食物美味，以至于不需要量太多，你就已经满足。第二个原因在第四段，太昂贵，买不起，所以一次只吃一点点。故选E。
调研2: 【2019全国I卷】 Living in a culture that is different frm yur wn can be bth an exciting and challenging experience. Yu have t learn different cultural practices and try t adapt t them.
36 They talk abut tpics such as ages, incme r marital status, which Americans think is annying and intrusive.
E. Basically China values the cmmunity and the US values the individual.
F. Chinese peple d nt have the same cncept f privacy as Americans d
G. Unlike the Chinese, lder Americans seldm live with their children.
【解析】36. F。考查主题句。根据空后内容可知本段主要讲的是中美两国人之间对待个人隐私的不同概念。中国人问年龄、收入、婚姻状况，而美国人则认为是一种冒犯。G选项讲的是中国人和美国人的意思观念不一样，符合语境，故选F.
调研3: 【2019全国I卷】 40 If yu achieve smething in the US, it's because yu were great. While in China, if yu achieve smething in China it's because the team, r family, r cmpany is great. Everything yu d gets attributed t the greater whle, while in America individual merits are celebrated.
C. Chinese peple value educatin and career mre than Americans.
D. They are always cnservative when they are planning t spend mney.
E. Basically China values the cmmunity and the US values the individual.
【解析】36. E。本段讲的是对待集体和个人之间的关系。E选项正是本段内容的概括和总结。
调研4: 【2019全国II卷】___37___ Mre than that, hw shuld yu stay mtivated t achieve the gal? First, yu need t evaluate yurself, yur values, yur strengths, yur weaknesses, yur achievements, yur desires, etc. Only then shuld yu set yur gals.
A. This can affect yur wrk.
B. S hw shuld yu mtivate yurself?
C. Hwever, this shuld nt discurage yu.
【解析】37. B。上一段阐述了动机和设定目标的关系，强调了动机的重要性，本段进一步讲如何激励自己并保持动力来实现目标。B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢？”承上启下，故选B。
调研5: 【2020全国I卷】●___37___ D nt fllw the peple wh make yu feel nt-gd-enugh. Why d yu fllw them? Are yu hping that eventually yu will feel empwered because yur life is better than theirs? Knw that yur life is yur wn;yu are the nly yu in this wrld.
E. Set an intentin fr self-acceptance.
F. Stp cmparing yurself with thers.
G. When des the cmparisn game start?
【解析】37. F。根据下文Are yu hping that eventually yu will feel empwered because yur life is better than theirs? Knw that yur life is yur wn; yu are the nly ne in this wrld.(你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F. Stp cmparing yurself with thers.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选F项。
调研6: (2022·全国乙·片段)
·Practise empathy(共情)
38 .The friend wh is remaining needs t be sensitive t all the additinal time demands placed n the friend wh has mved. The ne in the new envirnment shuld be sympathetic t the fact that yur friend may feel abandned.
· 39
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even mre weight in lng-distance friendships. Althugh technlgy might make day-t-day cmmunicatin pssible，extra effrt ges a lng way n special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track f friends’ birthdays and ther imprtant dates will make sure nthing slips by yu.
·Dn’t rely n technlgy alne
40 , but lng-distance friendships—even clse nes—may require mre cnscius effrt t sustain. Try t seek ut chances t renew friendships. Hw t d it? Just spend face-t-face time tgether whenever pssible.
A. Remember imprtant dates
B. Cmpensate by writing letters
C. It is als helpful fr yu t be a friendship keeper
D. Try t find a time that wrks fr bth f yu and stick t it
E. Friends need t talk abut their preferred methds f cmmunicatin
F. It is easy t have a sense f cnnectedness thrugh scial media
G. Yu may be the friend wh left r the ne wh was left behind
【解析】38.G。此空考查段落主旨句，可运用“中心词法”。下文“The friend wh is remaining”和“The ne in the new envirnment”提到朋友的两种不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend wh left”和“the ne wh was left behind”分别对应下文“The ne in the new envirnment”和“The friend wh is remaining”。故选G。
【解析】39. A。此处考查段落小标题，依据其他段落小标题为祈使句，可在选项A、B、D中确定答案，再根据下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even mre weight in lng-distance friendships.”可知，周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”。故选A。
【解析】40. F。根据本段小标题以及空后句“but lng-distance friendships—even clse nes—may require mre cnscius effrt t sustain”可知，维系异地友谊不能只依靠科技，我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”肯定了科技的作用，并同下文衔接紧密。故选F。
技法二 段中设空题
段中设空即主题句的展开句。尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意各句间的衔接手段。其特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明。
解此类试题时首先应确定所缺的句子是过渡句还是细节句，对于这两类句子，我们将采用不同的方法来解题。
调研1: 【2022·新高考全国Ⅰ】Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partner”. One reasn was：“Yu’ll actually shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym,” while anther read：“ 36 ” With a wrkut partner, yu will increase yur training effrt as there is a subtle(微妙) cmpetitin.
C. Yu’ll wrk harder if yu train with smene else.
D. D yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt?
E. Hw can yu write a gd “seeking training partner” ntice?
【解析】36.C。细节句，上文提到感谢健身伙伴的一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼”，再根据“while anther read”可知，这里陈述另一个感谢健身伙伴的理由。所以C项“如果你和别人一起锻炼，你会更努力”符合语境。故选C。
调研2: 【2021全国II卷】●Yur metablism (新陈代谢) gets a head start. __38__ If yu wrk ut in the mrnings, then yu will be getting the calrie (卡路里) burning benefits fr the whle day, nt in yur sleep.
E. Yu can keep yur head clear fr 4－10 hurs after exercise.
F. After yu exercise, yu cntinue t burn calries thrughut the day.
G. If yu are planning t d exercise regularly, r yu're ding it nw, then listen up!
【解析】38. F。设空处位于段中，属于段中题。这一段说的是晨练有助于人体的新陈代谢，能让你一整天都感受到晨练消耗卡路里带来的好处。F项“晨练之后你还会在一天时间里继续消耗卡路里”中的关键词“thrughut the day”与文中的“the whle day”呼应。故选F。
调研3: 【2018全国I卷】Medium clr chices are generally furniture pieces such as sfas, dinner tables r bkshelves. __39__. They require a bigger cmmitment than smaller nes, and they have a mre pwerful effect n the feeling f a space. （2018全国Ⅰ卷）
E．It's nt really a gd idea t use t many small clr pieces
F．S it pays t be sure, because yu want t get it right the first time
G．Clr chices in this range are a step up frm the small nes in tw majr ways
【解析】39.G。设空处在段中，所填句子应是过渡句。该空前一句主要内容是“medium clr chices”，是G项中“small nes”的升级。该空后一句介绍了两种方式的颜色选择，与G项中的“tw majr ways”相呼应，故选G。
调研4: 【2017全国I卷】I was, nevertheless, talked int ging n anther funfilled hliday in the wilderness. __38__ Instead, we had a ppup camper with cmfrtable beds and an air cnditiner. My naturelving friends had remembered t bring all the necessities f life.
A．This time there was n tent.
B．Things are ging t be imprved.
C．The trip they tk me n was a rugh ne.
【解析】38. A。解此题可运用词汇同现法。该空前面的部分说明了作者被说服参加另一次野营活动，而空后则说这次野营活动有舒服的床和空调，因此空处的论述应该是在“住宿”这一范畴内，几个选项中只有A项合适。
技法三 段尾设空题
调研1: 【2021·浙江6月卷】 Yu’ve gt it’s a pstcard
Paul Magalhaes, a 34-year-ld Prtuguese cmputer engineer，lves t pen his mailbx and find a brightly clred picture f Rme’s Clsseum. Or Africa’s Victria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall. 31
“I ften send pstcards t family and friends,” he says t China Daily...
E. On August 5, the number f pstcards exchanged by members tpped 31 millin.
F. Similarly, if yu speak nly Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part f the fun away.
G. In shrt, he lves pstcards, and the excitement f getting a hand-written nte frm smene far away.
【解析】31. G。此处考查总结句。根据上文可知，Paul喜欢打开邮筒，收到一张色彩鲜艳的罗马斗兽场的图片，或者是非洲维多利亚瀑布的图片，或者是中国长城的图片，由此可知，G项“总而言之，他喜欢明信片，以及收到远方某人手写的便条时的那种兴奋感”符合语境。G项中的“lves”“pstcards”分别与上文中的“lves”及下文中的“pstcards”相对应，而且G项中含有总结性词语in shrt。
调研2: 【2019全国I卷】In China, elders are traditinally treated with enrmus respect and dignity while the yung are cherished and nurtured. In America, the gal f the family is t encurage independence, particularly that f the children. 37 . （2019
E. Basically China values the cmmunity and the US values the individual.
F. Chinese peple d nt have the same cncept f privacy as Americans d
G. Unlike the Chinese, lder Americans seldm live with their children.
【答案】G
【解析】37. G。上句讲的是中国老年人受到尊重而年轻人受到爱护，即：尊老爱幼。家庭的目的就是鼓励独立。因此不像中国人，美国老人很少与子女生活在一起。C选项正是承接上文。
调研3: 【2019全国III卷】Dn’ts
●Dn’t share persnal infrmatin r stries. Prfessrs are nt trained nurses, financial aid experts r yur best friends. If yu are in need f a deadline extensin, simply explain the situatin t the prfessr. 39
D. S why shuld we try t set specific gals?
E. They can change accrding t circumstances.
G. Withut mtivatin, yu can neither set a gal nr reach it.
【答案】E【解析】39. E。上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选E。
调研4: 【2020全国I卷】●Recgnize all f yur strengths. Write them dwn in a jurnal. Begin t train yur brain t lk at strength befre weakness. List all f yur accmplishments and achievements. Yu have a jb, earned yur degree, and yu gt ut f bed tday. 39
A. Feeling upset again?
C. Nthing is t small t celebrate.
D. Remember, yu are nly human.
【解析】39. C。本题设空在段尾，首先看前文。根据上文List all f yur accmplishments and achievements. Yu have a jb, earned yur degree, and yu gt ut f bed tday.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位。)可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝。C项意思，没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的，对上文的总结概括，符合文意。
调研5: 【2021新课标II卷】If yu’re the hst, yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin.___39___.
C. If yu ask the questin “Hw did yu get here?”
D. Be prepared t have awkward cnversatins with strangers
E. Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t say
【解析】39. E。根据上文“If yu can’t take their wine away, yu shuld certainly try t take away their sapbx (讲台). If yu’re the hst, yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t say(或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。
二、依据词汇线索，巧解阅读七选五
技法一 词汇复现法
调研1: 【2022·新课标Ⅰ卷】My partner psted her request n the ntice bard f a lcal park. Her ntice included what kind f training she wanted t d, hw many days a week and hw many hurs she wanted t spend n each sessin, and her age. It als listed her favrite sprts and activities, and prvided her phne number. 39
Yu and yur partner will prbably have different skills. 40 Over time，bth f yu will benefit—yur partner will be able t lift mre weights and yu will becme mre physically fit. The cre(核心) f yur relatinship is that yu will always be there t help each ther.
E. Hw can yu write a gd “seeking training partner” ntice?
F. Just accept yur differences and learn t wrk with each ther.
G. Any ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin.
【解析】39. G。空处位于段尾，应该是总结性的句子，上文列出了寻找锻炼伙伴的布告所要包括的信息。所以G项“任何寻找锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息”总结上文，符合语境。G项中的ntice是本段第二句中ntice的原词复现。故选G。
【解析】40. F。根据上文“Yu and yur partner will prbably have different skills.”以及下文“Over time，bth f yu will benefit”可知，F项“接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作”符合语境。different skills对应F项中的differences。故选F。
调研2: 【2021·全国乙卷】原词复现 awkwardness
And what abut that ther dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If yu're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party，the nly thing that always gets everyne talking again is t give the hst a cmpliment (赞扬). __40__.Just quickly turn arund and say, “This cake is extremely delicius and yu have t tell me all abut it.”（）
A．Hw d yu knw the hst
B．The first step is t g explring
C．If yu ask the questin “Hw did yu get here？”
D．Be prepared t have awkward cnversatins with strangers
E. Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t say
F．What abut that persn wh has had t much t drink r wn't stp talking
G．He r she is the persn wh is feeling the weight f that awkwardness the mst
【解析】40. G。本段主要讲面对“dinner-party killer：awkward silence”(晚宴杀手：尴尬的沉默)时应该怎么办。根据空前的“the nly thing that always gets everyne talking again is t give the hst a cmpliment (赞扬)”可知，解决办法是赞扬晚宴的主人，G项“He r she is the persn wh is feeling the weight f that awkwardness the mst”(他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人)符合语境。G选项中的“He r she”指代the hst，“awkwardness”同义复现也是解题提示。故答案是G。
调研3: 【2020全国I卷】同义词复现 little---small
__38__. They're the little spts f clr like thrw pillws, mirrrs and baskets that mst f us use t add visual interest t ur rms. Less tiring than painting yur walls and less expensive than buying a clrful sfa, small clr chices bring with them the significant benefit f being easily changeable. ()
D．Small clr chices are the nes we're mst familiar with
E．It's nt really a gd idea t use t many small clr pieces
F．S it pays t be sure, because yu want t get it right the first time
G．Clr chices in this range are a step up frm the small nes in tw majr ways
【解析】 38. D。解此题可运用词汇复现法，该空后面的They're the little spts f clr和D选项Small clr chice是同义词复现，所在段最后一句中的“small clr chices”是D项“Small clr chices”的原词复现。故答案是D。
调研4:【2021·全国甲卷】近义词复现 “new” clthes= clthes in gd cnditin
Invite 5—10 peple s yu have a nice selectin. Less peple than that, and there may nt be enugh things t chse frm; mre than that, and it becmes uncntrllable.
__38__.They shuld als prepare plenty f reusable bags t carry their “new” clthes hme. （）
A．Less peple than that
B．Hld a clthing swap
C．If tw peple are cmpeting
D．Just keep music playing thrughut
E．Dnate whatever clthes are left ver
F．Have everyne put their clthes in the right spts
G．Tell everyne t bring clean clthes in gd cnditin
【解析】39. G。本题考查近义词复现。本段空白后“They shuld als prepare plenty f reusable bags t carry their ‘new’ clthes hme.”讲他们还应准备大量的可回收的袋子，来把“新”衣服带回家。其中的“clthes”原词复现是解题提示，同时“new”表明衣服应该是好的，对应G选项中的“clean”“in gd cnditin”。
调研5:【2021·全国甲卷】反义词复现 mre than=less than
A successful swap depends n the selectin f clthes, the rganizatin f the event, and, bviusly, hw much fun is had. It's really easy t d! Here are a few pinters.
·Invite 5 — 10 peple s yu have a nice selectin. __37__， and there may nt be enugh things t chse frm; mre than that, and it becmes uncntrllable.
A．Less peple than that
B．Hld a clthing swap
F．Have everyne put their clthes in the right spts
G．Tell everyne t bring clean clthes in gd cnditin
【解析】37. A。根据上文“Invite 5-10 peple s yu have a nice selectin.”和下文“and there may nt be enugh things t chse frm; mre than that, and it becmes uncntrllable.”可知空白处应是针对下文中的“mre than that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less peple than that”和下文中“mre than that”相对，符合语境。故选A项。
技法二 代词指代法
调研1: 【2022·全国甲卷】Making Requests
39 . In Prtugal, this wuld be a serius mistake, because it shws the chef that yu dn’t like their seasning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask fr extra cheese t add t yur fd.
Sme f these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem randm and strange, but they are imprtant in varius cuntries. 40 , the mre cmfrtable yu’ll begin t feel with its freign cultural practices.
A. The mre friends yu make in yur lifetime
B. The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry
C. Mexicans cnsider it inapprpriate t eat with utensils
D. Dn’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a gd sign fr the chef if yu make a mess arund yur plate
F. Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use them
G. It may seem like a simple request t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal
【解析】39. G。根据本段小标题可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Prtugal，this wuld be a serius mistake，because it shws the chef that yu dn’t like their seasning skills.”可知，G项(吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似一个简单的请求)符合此处语境，下文中的代词this指的就是此项中的“t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal”。且该选项中的request是原词复现。故选G。
【解析】40. B。根据下文“the mre cmfrtable yu’ll begin t feel with its freign cultural practices”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构，B项符合文意，引出下文。且下文的代词its指的就是该项中的any given cuntry。故选B。
调研2:【2019全国I卷】Recently, peple have begun studying the cnnectin between the natural wrld and healing (治愈). 38 In these places patients can g t be near nature during their recvery. It turns ut that just lking at green, grwing things can reduce stress, lwer bld pressure, and put peple int a better md (情绪). Greenery is gd fr us. Hspital patients wh see tree branches ut their windw are likely t recver at a faster rate than patients wh see buildings r sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling f peace.
A. Fresh air cleans ur lungs.
B. S what are yu waiting fr?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Anther side benefit f getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as gd fr yu as yur mther always said?
F. Just as imprtantly, we tend t assciate fresh air with health care.
G. All acrss the cuntry, recvery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【解析】38. G。代词线索题。本段空格后提到in these places“在这些地方”可知，空格处应该是某个地点。此外，本段第一句提到研究人员在研究自然环境和疾病痊愈之间的关系，那么紧接着应该要建立这种接近自然的康复中心，因此选G。
【解析】39. C。代词线索题。空格后的It就是突破点。从本段的in these places一直到此空前，作者描述了接近大自然的患者康复更快，再结合此空后“这给了我们平和宁静”可知，此处应为总结句，描述大自然的作用，因此选C。
调研3:【2018全国I卷】Over the years, there have been a number f different techniques t help designers apprach this imprtant pint. 37 , they can get a little cmplex. But gd news is that there’re really nly three kinds f decisins yu need t make abut clr in yur hme: the small nes, the medium nes, and the large nes.
38 . They’re the little spts f clr like thrw pillws, mirrrs and baskets that mst f us use t add visual interest t ur rms. Less tiring than painting yur walls and less expensive than buying a clrful sfa, small clr chices bring with them the significant benefit f being easily changeable. Medium clr chices are generally furniture pieces such as sfas, dinner tables r bkshelves. 39 . They require a bigger cmmitment than smaller nes, and they have a mre pwerful effect n the feeling f a space.
A．While all f them are useful
B．Whatever yu're lking fr
C．If yu're experimenting with a clr
D．Small clr chices are the nes we're mst familiar with
E．It's nt really a gd idea t use t many small clr pieces
F．S it pays t be sure, because yu want t get it right the first time
G．Clr chices in this range are a step up frm the small nes in tw majr ways
【解析】37. A。代词线索题。空格后的they指代上文中的techniques，且与A项中的all f them相呼应，代入A项“尽管它们都很有用”，符合语境。结合第二段第一句中的"a number f different techniques"以及最后一句给出的三种设计方案可知，此处表示"虽然这些技巧非常有用，但它们会有一点复杂"，故A项符合语境。
【解析】38. D。代词线索题。第二段最后一句出现了"the small nes, the medium nes, and the large nes"，第三段提到了"small clr chices"，由此可知空处所在段主要在讲"the small nes"，故选D。
【解析】39. G。代词线索题。第四段最后一句提到了"a bigger cmmitment than smaller nes"和"a mre pwerful effect"可知，此处是和上文中的"small clr chices"作对比，故选G。
调研4:【2020全国III卷】A husewarming party is a special party t be held when smene buys r mves int a new apartment r huse. The persn wh bught the huse r mved is the ne wh thrws the party. The party is a chance fr friends and family t cngratulate the persn n the new hme. ___36___ And it is gd time t fill the new space with lve and hpeful presents.
A. This isn’t usual thugh.
B. It is traditinal t bring a gift t a husewarming party.
C. Yu can als bring fd r drinks t share with the ther guests.
D. If yu’re lucky enugh t receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It als gives peple a chance t see what the new hme lks like.
F. The best husewarming parties encurage ld friends t get tgether.
G. This was s that the persn culd keep their hme warm fr the winter.
【解析】36. E。代词线索题。上句 The party is a chance fr friends and family t cngratulate the persn n the new hme.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a gd time t fill the new space with lve and hpefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。
三、根据逻辑关系，化解阅读七选五
1．总分关系
【2016全国I卷】There are three main types f cryptgraphy. 37 Fr example, the first letters f “My elephant eats t many eels” spell ut the hidden message “Meet me.”
E. Yu can hide a message by having the first letters f each wrd spell it ut.
【解析】37. E。考查总分关系。空格前面的句子说总共有三种密码，是一个概括性句子，总述了全段的主要内容。空格内应是介绍第一种密码，是分述。由该空后的例句可知，此空选E “你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息”。
【2013全国I卷】Business management is a term used t describe the techniques f planning, directin, and cntrl f the peratins f a business. 38 One is the establishment (制定) f brad basic plicies with respect t prductin; sales; the purchase f equipment, materials and supplies; and accunting. 39 The third relates t the establishment f standards f wrk in all departments. Directin is cncerned primarily with supervisin(监管) and guidance by the management in authrity. 40
A. Cntrl includes the use f recrds and reprts t cmpare actual wrk with the set standards fr wrk.
B. In this cnnectin there is the difference between tp management and perative management.
C. Examples f nnprfit businesses include such rganizatins as scial service agencies and many hspitals.
D. Hwever, sme businesses nly seek t earn enugh t cver their perating csts.
E. The secnd aspect relates t the applicatin f these plicies by departments.
F. In the thery f business management, rganizatin has tw main aspects.
G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.
【解析】38. G。前句解释了商业管理的概念，下文为商业管理中规划所包含的三个方面，与G项中的"three main aspects"相一致。故选G。
【解析】39. E。前一句为第一个方面，后一句为第三个方面，显然本句应介绍第二个方面。故选E。
【解析】40. A。第二段的第一句介绍了商业管理中的三个技巧，分别是 planning, directin和cntrl。接下来已经介绍了前两个技巧，最后一个技巧"cntrl"还未提及，所以本空应涉及cntrl的内容。故选A。
2．解释关系
【2019全国II卷】Anther way f setting realistic gals is t analyze yur shrt and lng term bjectives, keeping in mind yur beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that gals are flexible. 39 They als need t be measurable. Yu must keep these pints in mind while setting yur gals.
E. They can change accrding t circumstances.
【解析】39. E。根据空格前的gals are flexible可知，目标是灵活的，E项“它们可以根据情况而改变”对其进行了解释，故选E项。
【2018全国II卷】__39__ Studies fund that peple wh wke up early fr exercise slept better than thse wh exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes yu，s it is mre difficult t relax and have a peaceful sleep when yu are very excited.
B. Yur quality f sleep imprves.
【解析】39. B。此处缺少一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。所选答案应是对后面内容的总述。故选B。
3．例证关系
【2017北京卷】 Nw we have the mst direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end f a perid f sleep were 18 per cent smaller than thse taken befre sleep, shwing that the cnnectins between neurns weaken while sleeping.
G. Tnni's team measured the size f these cnnectins, r synapses, in the brains f 12 mice.
【解析】74. G。该段首句提出论点“现在我们有最直接的证据证明他的假设是对的”，那么接下来就应该给出具体的论据或实例来证明上述论点。此外，该空后面一句话解释了实验的结果和意义。综合看来，只有G项符合语境。
【2020新高考卷】 Never mind that mst travelers nwadays have smart phnes with built－in alarm clcks.__17__ Here are sme examples. At the Wlctt Htel, if a wake－up call is unanswered, they will send an emplyee t yur dr. At Las Ventanas al Parais, an emplyee shws up at yur rm t wake yu up with tea, cffee and breakfast bread. At the Mandarin Oriental, a persn rather than an autmated system will call t wake yu up.
F. The human wake－up call is a way t persnalize a guest’s stay.
【解析】17. F。由17空之后的“Here are sme examples...”可知前后是例证关系。根据后面举的例子可知应该选择F项“The human wake－up call is a way t persnalize a guest’s stay.”
4．并列关系
【2016全国II卷】Sme peple may think that a garden is n mre than plants, flwers, patterns and masses f clr. Others are cncerned abut using gardening methds that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 18 Hwever, there are a number f ther reasns that might explain why yu want t garden. One f them cmes frm ur earliest years.
E. Still thers may simply enjy being utdrs and clse t plants.
【解析】18. E。由本段中的第一句Sme ...，第二句的Others ...，可锁定E项中的Still thers ...，它们之间为并列关系，故选E项。
【2020新高考卷】 Yur gal is nt t be a perfect public speaker.__19__ And like everything else in life，that takes practice. Remember, even wrld champin athletes practice their skills n a cnsistent basis.
B. Yu want t be an effective public speaker.
【解析】19. B。根据上文中的“Yur gal is nt t be a perfect public speaker.”可知，你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家。据此可知，空处与此对应，说明自己的目标是要成为高效的演说家，故选B项。
【2020全国III卷】A husewarming party is a special party t be held when smene buys r mves int a new apartment r huse. The persn wh bught the huse r mved is the ne wh thrws the party. The party is a chance fr friends and family t cngratulate the persn n the new hme. ___36___ And it is gd time t fill the new space with lve and hpefully presents.
E. It als gives peple a chance t see what the new hme lks like.
【解析】36. E。上句 The party is a chance fr friends and family t cngratulate the persn n the new hme.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a gd time t fill the new space with lve and hpefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。and表并列，说明设空36也要介绍party的目的，E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会，含义合适，并且有连词als呼应下句的and，形成上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。
5．递进关系
【2017北京卷】Every animal sleeps, but the reasn fr this has remained fggy. When lab rats are nt allwed t sleep, they die within a mnth. 71
C. Similarly, when peple g fr a few days withut sleeping, they get sick.
【解析】71. C。首句指出每种动物都要睡觉，但原因仍然是个谜。实验室的老鼠被剥夺了睡眠，一个月内就会死亡，C项“同样，如果人类连续几天不睡觉，就会生病”与前句是层递关系，故选C项。
6．转折关系
【2019全国II卷】Yur persnal circumstances are equally imprtant. Fr example, yu may want t be a pilt but can't becme ne because yur eyesight is nt gd enugh. 40 Yu shuld reassess yur gals, and mtivate yurself t set a fresh gal.
C. Hwever，this shuld nt discurage yu.
【解析】40. C。空格前说“例如，你想当飞行员但是却因为视力不够好而当不成”，空格后说“你应该重新评估你的目标，激励自己重新设定一个目标”。C项“然而，这不应该使你气馁”承上启下，符合语境，为转折关系。
【2019全国I卷】__40__While the sun’s rays can age and harm ur skin，they als give us beneficial Vitamin D. T make sure yu get enugh Vitamin D—but still prtect yur skin—put n sunscreen right as yu head utside. It takes sunscreen abut fifteen minutes t start wrking，and that’s plenty f time fr yur skin t absrb a day’s wrth f Vitamin D.
D. Anther side benefit f getting fresh air is sunlight.
【解析】40. D。空格后一句说，虽然阳光会使我们的皮肤衰老并受到伤害，但阳光也能带来有益的维生素D，这应该与上一句之间是转折关系，故空格处应填呼吸新鲜空气附带的好处，因此D项“呼吸新鲜空气的另一个附带好处是阳光”符合语境，D项中的sunlight与空格后的the sun’s rays相呼应。故选D。
【2016全国II卷】Our mdel f what a garden shuld be ften ges back t childhd. Grandma's rse garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be gd r bad, but that's nt what's imprtant. 19 — hw being in thse gardens made us feel. If yu'd like t build a pwerful bnd with yur garden, start by taking sme time t recall the gardens f yur yuth. 20.Fr each f thse gardens, write dwn the strngest memry yu have. Then g utside and wrk ut a plan t translate yur childhd memries int yur grwnup garden. Have fun.
C. It's ur experience f the garden that matters.
【解析】19. C。空格前说“但那一点不重要”，空格处应与之相对，指出什么才是重要的，故选C项“我们做园艺工作的体验才是重要的”。
【2017全国III卷】Keep a recrd and evaluate it weekly. Keep track f yur effrts and write dwn hw yu feel. After yu’ve tried a new methd fr a week，take a lk at yur recrd.__20__ If nt，take anther lk at ther methds yu culd try.
E. If the steps yu take are wrking，keep it up.
【解析】20. E。考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到对自己所做的计划要记录、评价和调整。本空后的“If nt”说明前面是讨论计划有效就应该坚持，因此选E。
8．因果关系
【2017北京卷】 One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memries. 72 We knw that, while awake, fresh memries are recrded by reinfrcing (加强) cnnectins between brain cells, but the memry prcesses that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
E. That's why students d better in tests if they get a chance t sleep after learning.
【解析】72. E。该段首句说睡眠能帮助人们增强记忆。而E项则给出了结果，学习后如有机会睡眠，那么学生在考试中就会表现更好，故选E项。
【2020新高考卷】 Even the mst successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the nly ne wh cares abut any mistake is the ne wh is speaking. Peple’s attentin wanders cnstantly. In fact. mst peple nly absrb abut 20 percent f a speaker’s message. S, dn’t stp speaking when yu make a mistake unless it’s a truly serius ne.__18__
C. Yu dn’t need t aplgize fr a minr slip.
【解析】18. C。根据上文中的“S，dn’t stp speaking when yu make a mistake unless it’s a truly serius ne.”可知，当你犯错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。据此可以推知，空处承接上文，说明犯小错误无需道歉，故C项正确。
四、阅读理解七选五语篇训练
【2023▪新高考I卷】 Persnal Frgiveness
Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human. 16 Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.
In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths.” 17 Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.
At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day. 18
Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list. 19 That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh. In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.
It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 20 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.
A. A little self-frgiveness als ges a lng way.
B. Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.
C. They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.
D. It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
E. It desn’t mean yu have t ignre what’s happened r frget it.
F. Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.
【答案】16. D17. B18. F19. C20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
16.根据空前内容“Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“d this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
17.根据空前内容“In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
18.根据上文内容“At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
19.根据空后内容“That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend r family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
20.根据空前内容“It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
【2023▪新高考II卷】As an artist wh shares her jurney n scial media, I’m ften asked by curius fllwers hw t begin an art jurney. Unfrtunately, there is n magic list I can ffer. I d remember, thugh, what it was like t be a cmplete beginner. S I’ve put tgether sme gd tips fr starting an art jurney.
▪Start small. I suggest using a sketchbk (素描本) fr small studies. These small studies prvide inspiratin and may be a springbard fr mre cmplex wrks in the future. 16 Yu’ll want t lk back n yur jurney t see hw far yu’ve cme.
▪Paint ften and paint frm life. There’s n better way t imprve than t put in thse brush miles. Whether yu paint still lifes, prtraits, r landscapes, paint frm life as much as pssible. 17
▪Cntinually challenge yurself t try smething new. 18 Artistic grwth can be a bit painful. Welcme t the club；we’ve all been there. I lve taking n challenges. I nce tk up a challenge t create a painting every day fr a mnth and pst the wrks nline.
▪ 19 Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反馈) is crucial t grwth. I pst my wrk n scial media and, in turn, have met sme f the kindest peple. They make me feel valued and respected, n matter my level f artistic ability.
The jurney yu’re n wn’t fllw a straight path. 20 Push thrugh, give it time and put in the effrt. Yu will harvest the rewards f an artistic life.
A. Get ut f yur cmfrt zne.
B. Make career plans and set gals.
C. Dn’t thrw away yur beginner art.
D. Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s.
E. Yu’ll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times.
F. Evaluate yur perfrmance and, if needed, redefine yur rle.
G. Yu’ll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin.
【答案】16. C17. G18. A19. D20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
16.根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbk (素描本) fr small studies. These small studies prvide inspiratin and may be a springbard fr mre cmplex wrks in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“Yu’ll want t lk back n yur jurney t see hw far yu’ve cme. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Dn’t thrw away yur beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
17.分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint ften and paint frm life. There’s n better way t imprve than t put in thse brush miles. Whether yu paint still lifes, prtraits, r landscapes, paint frm life as much as pssible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“Yu’ll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
18.分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Cntinually challenge yurself t try smething new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic grwth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get ut f yur cmfrt zne. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
19.分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反馈) is crucial t grwth. I pst my wrk n scial media and, in turn, have met sme f the kindest peple. They make me feel valued and respected, n matter my level f artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
20.分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The jurney yu’re n wn’t fllw a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push thrugh, give it time and put in the effrt. Yu will harvest the rewards f an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“Yu’ll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
【2023▪全国甲卷】 Tricks T Becming A Patient Persn
Here’s a riddle: What d traffic jams, lng lines and waiting fr a vacatin t start all have in cmmn? There’s ne answer. 36 .
In the Digital Age, we’re used t having what we need immediately and right at ur fingertips. Hwever, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whle lt better ff. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lt f benefits: Research shws it makes us happier, less stressed and even mre ptimistic. 37 . “Shwing thankfulness can fster self-cntrl,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University f Califrnia.
● Make yurself wait
Instant gratificatin (满足) may seem like the mst “feel gd” ptin at the time, but psychlgy research suggests waiting fr things actually makes us happier in the lng run. And the nly way fr us t get int the habit f waiting is t practice. 38 . Put ff watching yur favrite shw until the weekend r wait 10 extra minutes befre ging fr that cake. Yu’ll sn find that the mre patience yu practice, the mre yu start t apply it t ther, mre annying situatins.
● 39 .
S many f us have the belief that being cmfrtable is the nly state we will tlerate, and when we experience smething utside f ur cmfrt zne, we get impatient abut the circumstances. Yu shuld learn t say t yurself, “ 40 .” Yu’ll then gradually becme mre patient.
A. Find yur causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncmfrtable
D. All this adds up t a state f hurry
E. It can als help us practice mre patience
F. This is merely uncmfrtable, nt intlerable
G. They’re all situatins where we culd use a little extra patience
【答案】36. G 37. E 38. B 39. C 40. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。
36.根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What d traffic jams, lng lines and waiting fr a vacatin t start all have in cmmn? There’s ne answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。
37.根据上文“Thankfulness has a lt f benefits: Research shws it makes us happier, less stressed and even mre ptimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Shwing thankfulness can fster self-cntrl,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University f Califrnia. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。
38.根据上文“And the nly way fr us t get int the habit f waiting is t practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put ff watching yur favrite shw until the weekend r wait 10 extra minutes befre ging fr that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。
39.根据本段内容“S many f us have the belief that being cmfrtable is the nly state we will tlerate, and when we experience smething utside f ur cmfrt zne, we get impatient abut the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncmfrtable对应后文cmfrtable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。
40.根据上文“Yu shuld learn t say t yurself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“Yu’ll then gradually becme mre patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。
【2023▪全国乙卷】Indr plants might lk as if they just sit arund nt ding much, but in many ways they are the unsung heres f the hme. 36 , but studies have shwn that they can prmte peple’s wellbeing by imprving their md (心情), reducing stress and helping their memry. What’s mre, indr plants are easy t lk after and are nt very expensive.
What are indr plants?
Indr plants, als knwn as huseplants r pt plants, are plants that like t grw indrs. Many f these species (物种) are nt ideally suited t grwing utside in the UK, especially in the winter. 37 .
Why are indr plants gd fr yu?
Will Spelstra, wh wrks at the Ryal Btanic Gardens, says, “ 38 . I find during the winter mnths, plants arund the huse can really lift yur md.” Several studies have backed this up and fund that indr plants can imprve creativity, fcus and memry. There is als research shwing that pt plants can clean the air arund them by remving harmful gases, such as carbn dixide. They als remve sme harmful chemicals frm paints r cking. 39 .
Which plants can yu grw?
Ale vera, peace lilies and spider plants are sme f the species that are easy t grw indrs. Yu can buy plants frm supermarkets, garden centres r nline. Yunger plants are ften cheaper than fully grwn nes, and yu get t care fr them as they mature — which is part f the jy f wning plants. “ 40 ,” Spelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and fcus int peple’s lives and help t make the link between hme and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Nt nly d they lk beautiful
C. There are many benefits t grwing plants indrs
D. Instead, they grw better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tngue are amng the best
F. Changing the pt f yur plant frm time t time will als help
G. Learning abut the requirements f each plant can be very rewarding
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. E 40. G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
36.根据下文“but studies have shwn that they can prmte peple’s wellbeing by imprving their md (心情), reducing stress and helping their memry.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成nt nly…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Nt nly d they lk beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
37.根据上文“Many f these species (物种) are nt ideally suited t grwing utside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grw better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
38.根据下文“I find during the winter mnths, plants arund the huse can really lift yur md.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are many benefits t grwing plants indrs(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。
39.根据上文“There is als research shwing that pt plants can clean the air arund them by remving harmful gases, such as carbn dixide. They als remve sme harmful chemicals frm paints r cking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tngue are amng the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。
40.根据上文“Yunger plants are ften cheaper than fully grwn nes, and yu get t care fr them as they mature-which is part f the jy f wning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning abut the requirements f each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and fcus int peple’s lives and help t make the link between hme and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。
2、抓课堂、重效率、要求学生紧跟老师的节奏。一轮复习是将重点知识提炼，容量大，速度快。所以，学生的思路必须时时刻刻跟随着老师的思路，要快速地用脑思，用心听、用嘴说，用手写，才能达到高效。
3、抓自习、重过程、增强得分的意识。学案都是在规定的时间内完成，重视规范的做题步骤，重视思考过程。更重要的是，做完题后要对做过的题目进行反思、整理。
4、抓阅读、重反思、全面提高成绩。得阅读者得天下。阅读是强化英语思维的最佳途径之一。一轮复习，重视基础知识的同时，要坚持阅读训练，促进英语成绩的整体提高。
5、抓时间，重效果，扎实做好每个复习环节。一轮复习时间紧，任务重，需要同学们充分抢抓时间，利用时间，紧跟复习进度。英语的进步并非一蹴而就，需要每天坚持把每件事情做扎实。做到这一点，成功只是早晚的事！
专题39 【口袋书】阅读理解七选五满分对策 解析版
目录导航
一、利用设空位置，快解阅读七选五 2
技法一 段首设空题 2
技法二 段中设空题 4
技法三 段尾设空题 5
二、依据词汇线索，巧解阅读七选五 7
技法一 词汇复现法 7
技法二 代词指代法 9
三、根据逻辑关系，化解阅读七选五 11
1．总分关系 11
2．解释关系 12
3．例证关系 12
4．并列关系 13
5．递进关系 13
6．转折关系 13
7．对比关系 14
8．因果关系 14
四、阅读理解七选五语篇训练 15
1.2023▪新高考I卷 15
2.2023▪新高考II卷 16
3.2023▪全国甲卷 17
4.2023▪全国乙卷 19
阅读理解七选五题命题规律探究
阅读七选五主要考查考生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握。考试形式是在一段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
解答阅读七选五题目时，方法会因人而异，所以我们在复习备考中，根据题型特点和平时的教学总结了三种比较实用的解题技法：
①利用设空位置，快解阅读七选五；
②依据词汇线索，巧解阅读七选五；
③根据逻辑关系，化解阅读七选五。
这三种技法各有特色，没有优劣之分。有的试题仅仅运用一种方法不能找出答案，可以综合运用三种方法，灵活解题。
一、利用设空位置，快解阅读七选五
技法一 段首设空题
调研1:【2021新课标I卷】 39 On ur first mrning in Paris, I went arund the cmer t the fd market t pick up sme grceries. I bught a handful f perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet meln. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cst $18!
C. There was a nice kitchen and a cmfrtable bed.
D. The amazing fd is mainly cnsumed by lcal farmers.
E. That's nt the nly reasn the French eat less than we d.
F. Our aim was t see if we culd live, in sme way, like real Parisians.
【答案】E
【解析】39. E。这题为第四段第一句话，功能为承接第三段引起第四段。所以大家做题时要看第三段的内容和第四段的内容，并且概括二段的大意。法国人吃得少的第一点原因是第三段中描述的食物美味，以至于不需要量太多，你就已经满足。第二个原因在第四段，太昂贵，买不起，所以一次只吃一点点。故选E。
调研2: 【2019全国I卷】 Living in a culture that is different frm yur wn can be bth an exciting and challenging experience. Yu have t learn different cultural practices and try t adapt t them.
36 They talk abut tpics such as ages, incme r marital status, which Americans think is annying and intrusive.
E. Basically China values the cmmunity and the US values the individual.
F. Chinese peple d nt have the same cncept f privacy as Americans d
G. Unlike the Chinese, lder Americans seldm live with their children.
【解析】36. F。考查主题句。根据空后内容可知本段主要讲的是中美两国人之间对待个人隐私的不同概念。中国人问年龄、收入、婚姻状况，而美国人则认为是一种冒犯。G选项讲的是中国人和美国人的意思观念不一样，符合语境，故选F.
调研3: 【2019全国I卷】 40 If yu achieve smething in the US, it's because yu were great. While in China, if yu achieve smething in China it's because the team, r family, r cmpany is great. Everything yu d gets attributed t the greater whle, while in America individual merits are celebrated.
C. Chinese peple value educatin and career mre than Americans.
D. They are always cnservative when they are planning t spend mney.
E. Basically China values the cmmunity and the US values the individual.
【解析】36. E。本段讲的是对待集体和个人之间的关系。E选项正是本段内容的概括和总结。
调研4: 【2019全国II卷】___37___ Mre than that, hw shuld yu stay mtivated t achieve the gal? First, yu need t evaluate yurself, yur values, yur strengths, yur weaknesses, yur achievements, yur desires, etc. Only then shuld yu set yur gals.
A. This can affect yur wrk.
B. S hw shuld yu mtivate yurself?
C. Hwever, this shuld nt discurage yu.
【解析】37. B。上一段阐述了动机和设定目标的关系，强调了动机的重要性，本段进一步讲如何激励自己并保持动力来实现目标。B选项“那么你应该如何激励自己呢？”承上启下，故选B。
调研5: 【2020全国I卷】●___37___ D nt fllw the peple wh make yu feel nt-gd-enugh. Why d yu fllw them? Are yu hping that eventually yu will feel empwered because yur life is better than theirs? Knw that yur life is yur wn;yu are the nly yu in this wrld.
E. Set an intentin fr self-acceptance.
F. Stp cmparing yurself with thers.
G. When des the cmparisn game start?
【解析】37. F。根据下文Are yu hping that eventually yu will feel empwered because yur life is better than theirs? Knw that yur life is yur wn; yu are the nly ne in this wrld.(你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的好而感到有力量？要知道，你的生活是你自己的；你在这个世界上是独一无二的。)可知，本段主要讲述不要把自己和别人作比较，因为生活是我们自己的，我们也是世界上独一无二的。故F. Stp cmparing yurself with thers.(停止把自己和别人进行比较。)可以作为本段中心句，故选F项。
调研6: (2022·全国乙·片段)
·Practise empathy(共情)
38 .The friend wh is remaining needs t be sensitive t all the additinal time demands placed n the friend wh has mved. The ne in the new envirnment shuld be sympathetic t the fact that yur friend may feel abandned.
· 39
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even mre weight in lng-distance friendships. Althugh technlgy might make day-t-day cmmunicatin pssible，extra effrt ges a lng way n special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track f friends’ birthdays and ther imprtant dates will make sure nthing slips by yu.
·Dn’t rely n technlgy alne
40 , but lng-distance friendships—even clse nes—may require mre cnscius effrt t sustain. Try t seek ut chances t renew friendships. Hw t d it? Just spend face-t-face time tgether whenever pssible.
A. Remember imprtant dates
B. Cmpensate by writing letters
C. It is als helpful fr yu t be a friendship keeper
D. Try t find a time that wrks fr bth f yu and stick t it
E. Friends need t talk abut their preferred methds f cmmunicatin
F. It is easy t have a sense f cnnectedness thrugh scial media
G. Yu may be the friend wh left r the ne wh was left behind
【解析】38.G。此空考查段落主旨句，可运用“中心词法”。下文“The friend wh is remaining”和“The ne in the new envirnment”提到朋友的两种不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend wh left”和“the ne wh was left behind”分别对应下文“The ne in the new envirnment”和“The friend wh is remaining”。故选G。
【解析】39. A。此处考查段落小标题，依据其他段落小标题为祈使句，可在选项A、B、D中确定答案，再根据下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even mre weight in lng-distance friendships.”可知，周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”。故选A。
【解析】40. F。根据本段小标题以及空后句“but lng-distance friendships—even clse nes—may require mre cnscius effrt t sustain”可知，维系异地友谊不能只依靠科技，我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”肯定了科技的作用，并同下文衔接紧密。故选F。
技法二 段中设空题
段中设空即主题句的展开句。尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意各句间的衔接手段。其特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文的具体事实、事例和说明。
解此类试题时首先应确定所缺的句子是过渡句还是细节句，对于这两类句子，我们将采用不同的方法来解题。
调研1: 【2022·新高考全国Ⅰ】Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasns t Thank Yur Wrkut Partner”. One reasn was：“Yu’ll actually shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym,” while anther read：“ 36 ” With a wrkut partner, yu will increase yur training effrt as there is a subtle(微妙) cmpetitin.
C. Yu’ll wrk harder if yu train with smene else.
D. D yu want t be a better athlete in yur favrite sprt?
E. Hw can yu write a gd “seeking training partner” ntice?
【解析】36.C。细节句，上文提到感谢健身伙伴的一个理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼”，再根据“while anther read”可知，这里陈述另一个感谢健身伙伴的理由。所以C项“如果你和别人一起锻炼，你会更努力”符合语境。故选C。
调研2: 【2021全国II卷】●Yur metablism (新陈代谢) gets a head start. __38__ If yu wrk ut in the mrnings, then yu will be getting the calrie (卡路里) burning benefits fr the whle day, nt in yur sleep.
E. Yu can keep yur head clear fr 4－10 hurs after exercise.
F. After yu exercise, yu cntinue t burn calries thrughut the day.
G. If yu are planning t d exercise regularly, r yu're ding it nw, then listen up!
【解析】38. F。设空处位于段中，属于段中题。这一段说的是晨练有助于人体的新陈代谢，能让你一整天都感受到晨练消耗卡路里带来的好处。F项“晨练之后你还会在一天时间里继续消耗卡路里”中的关键词“thrughut the day”与文中的“the whle day”呼应。故选F。
调研3: 【2018全国I卷】Medium clr chices are generally furniture pieces such as sfas, dinner tables r bkshelves. __39__. They require a bigger cmmitment than smaller nes, and they have a mre pwerful effect n the feeling f a space. （2018全国Ⅰ卷）
E．It's nt really a gd idea t use t many small clr pieces
F．S it pays t be sure, because yu want t get it right the first time
G．Clr chices in this range are a step up frm the small nes in tw majr ways
【解析】39.G。设空处在段中，所填句子应是过渡句。该空前一句主要内容是“medium clr chices”，是G项中“small nes”的升级。该空后一句介绍了两种方式的颜色选择，与G项中的“tw majr ways”相呼应，故选G。
调研4: 【2017全国I卷】I was, nevertheless, talked int ging n anther funfilled hliday in the wilderness. __38__ Instead, we had a ppup camper with cmfrtable beds and an air cnditiner. My naturelving friends had remembered t bring all the necessities f life.
A．This time there was n tent.
B．Things are ging t be imprved.
C．The trip they tk me n was a rugh ne.
【解析】38. A。解此题可运用词汇同现法。该空前面的部分说明了作者被说服参加另一次野营活动，而空后则说这次野营活动有舒服的床和空调，因此空处的论述应该是在“住宿”这一范畴内，几个选项中只有A项合适。
技法三 段尾设空题
调研1: 【2021·浙江6月卷】 Yu’ve gt it’s a pstcard
Paul Magalhaes, a 34-year-ld Prtuguese cmputer engineer，lves t pen his mailbx and find a brightly clred picture f Rme’s Clsseum. Or Africa’s Victria Falls. Or China’s Great Wall. 31
“I ften send pstcards t family and friends,” he says t China Daily...
E. On August 5, the number f pstcards exchanged by members tpped 31 millin.
F. Similarly, if yu speak nly Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part f the fun away.
G. In shrt, he lves pstcards, and the excitement f getting a hand-written nte frm smene far away.
【解析】31. G。此处考查总结句。根据上文可知，Paul喜欢打开邮筒，收到一张色彩鲜艳的罗马斗兽场的图片，或者是非洲维多利亚瀑布的图片，或者是中国长城的图片，由此可知，G项“总而言之，他喜欢明信片，以及收到远方某人手写的便条时的那种兴奋感”符合语境。G项中的“lves”“pstcards”分别与上文中的“lves”及下文中的“pstcards”相对应，而且G项中含有总结性词语in shrt。
调研2: 【2019全国I卷】In China, elders are traditinally treated with enrmus respect and dignity while the yung are cherished and nurtured. In America, the gal f the family is t encurage independence, particularly that f the children. 37 . （2019
E. Basically China values the cmmunity and the US values the individual.
F. Chinese peple d nt have the same cncept f privacy as Americans d
G. Unlike the Chinese, lder Americans seldm live with their children.
【答案】G
【解析】37. G。上句讲的是中国老年人受到尊重而年轻人受到爱护，即：尊老爱幼。家庭的目的就是鼓励独立。因此不像中国人，美国老人很少与子女生活在一起。C选项正是承接上文。
调研3: 【2019全国III卷】Dn’ts
●Dn’t share persnal infrmatin r stries. Prfessrs are nt trained nurses, financial aid experts r yur best friends. If yu are in need f a deadline extensin, simply explain the situatin t the prfessr. 39
D. S why shuld we try t set specific gals?
E. They can change accrding t circumstances.
G. Withut mtivatin, yu can neither set a gal nr reach it.
【答案】E【解析】39. E。上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选E。
调研4: 【2020全国I卷】●Recgnize all f yur strengths. Write them dwn in a jurnal. Begin t train yur brain t lk at strength befre weakness. List all f yur accmplishments and achievements. Yu have a jb, earned yur degree, and yu gt ut f bed tday. 39
A. Feeling upset again?
C. Nthing is t small t celebrate.
D. Remember, yu are nly human.
【解析】39. C。本题设空在段尾，首先看前文。根据上文List all f yur accmplishments and achievements. Yu have a jb, earned yur degree, and yu gt ut f bed tday.(列出你所有的成就。你有了一份工作，拿到了学位。)可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝。C项意思，没有什么事是太小而不值得庆祝的，对上文的总结概括，符合文意。
调研5: 【2021新课标II卷】If yu’re the hst, yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin.___39___.
C. If yu ask the questin “Hw did yu get here?”
D. Be prepared t have awkward cnversatins with strangers
E. Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t say
【解析】39. E。根据上文“If yu can’t take their wine away, yu shuld certainly try t take away their sapbx (讲台). If yu’re the hst, yu can ask them t help yu in the kitchen with smething and just remve them frm the situatin. (如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们摆脱那种情景)”可知，本段主要是为解决“喝太多酒或一直说个不停”这个问题提供方法。由此可知，E项“Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t say(或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题)”是提出的另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。
二、依据词汇线索，巧解阅读七选五
技法一 词汇复现法
调研1: 【2022·新课标Ⅰ卷】My partner psted her request n the ntice bard f a lcal park. Her ntice included what kind f training she wanted t d, hw many days a week and hw many hurs she wanted t spend n each sessin, and her age. It als listed her favrite sprts and activities, and prvided her phne number. 39
Yu and yur partner will prbably have different skills. 40 Over time，bth f yu will benefit—yur partner will be able t lift mre weights and yu will becme mre physically fit. The cre(核心) f yur relatinship is that yu will always be there t help each ther.
E. Hw can yu write a gd “seeking training partner” ntice?
F. Just accept yur differences and learn t wrk with each ther.
G. Any ntice fr a training partner shuld include such infrmatin.
【解析】39. G。空处位于段尾，应该是总结性的句子，上文列出了寻找锻炼伙伴的布告所要包括的信息。所以G项“任何寻找锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息”总结上文，符合语境。G项中的ntice是本段第二句中ntice的原词复现。故选G。
【解析】40. F。根据上文“Yu and yur partner will prbably have different skills.”以及下文“Over time，bth f yu will benefit”可知，F项“接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作”符合语境。different skills对应F项中的differences。故选F。
调研2: 【2021·全国乙卷】原词复现 awkwardness
And what abut that ther dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If yu're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party，the nly thing that always gets everyne talking again is t give the hst a cmpliment (赞扬). __40__.Just quickly turn arund and say, “This cake is extremely delicius and yu have t tell me all abut it.”（）
A．Hw d yu knw the hst
B．The first step is t g explring
C．If yu ask the questin “Hw did yu get here？”
D．Be prepared t have awkward cnversatins with strangers
E. Or turn the cnversatin int a tpic where they have little t say
F．What abut that persn wh has had t much t drink r wn't stp talking
G．He r she is the persn wh is feeling the weight f that awkwardness the mst
【解析】40. G。本段主要讲面对“dinner-party killer：awkward silence”(晚宴杀手：尴尬的沉默)时应该怎么办。根据空前的“the nly thing that always gets everyne talking again is t give the hst a cmpliment (赞扬)”可知，解决办法是赞扬晚宴的主人，G项“He r she is the persn wh is feeling the weight f that awkwardness the mst”(他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人)符合语境。G选项中的“He r she”指代the hst，“awkwardness”同义复现也是解题提示。故答案是G。
调研3: 【2020全国I卷】同义词复现 little---small
__38__. They're the little spts f clr like thrw pillws, mirrrs and baskets that mst f us use t add visual interest t ur rms. Less tiring than painting yur walls and less expensive than buying a clrful sfa, small clr chices bring with them the significant benefit f being easily changeable. ()
D．Small clr chices are the nes we're mst familiar with
E．It's nt really a gd idea t use t many small clr pieces
F．S it pays t be sure, because yu want t get it right the first time
G．Clr chices in this range are a step up frm the small nes in tw majr ways
【解析】 38. D。解此题可运用词汇复现法，该空后面的They're the little spts f clr和D选项Small clr chice是同义词复现，所在段最后一句中的“small clr chices”是D项“Small clr chices”的原词复现。故答案是D。
调研4:【2021·全国甲卷】近义词复现 “new” clthes= clthes in gd cnditin
Invite 5—10 peple s yu have a nice selectin. Less peple than that, and there may nt be enugh things t chse frm; mre than that, and it becmes uncntrllable.
__38__.They shuld als prepare plenty f reusable bags t carry their “new” clthes hme. （）
A．Less peple than that
B．Hld a clthing swap
C．If tw peple are cmpeting
D．Just keep music playing thrughut
E．Dnate whatever clthes are left ver
F．Have everyne put their clthes in the right spts
G．Tell everyne t bring clean clthes in gd cnditin
【解析】39. G。本题考查近义词复现。本段空白后“They shuld als prepare plenty f reusable bags t carry their ‘new’ clthes hme.”讲他们还应准备大量的可回收的袋子，来把“新”衣服带回家。其中的“clthes”原词复现是解题提示，同时“new”表明衣服应该是好的，对应G选项中的“clean”“in gd cnditin”。
调研5:【2021·全国甲卷】反义词复现 mre than=less than
A successful swap depends n the selectin f clthes, the rganizatin f the event, and, bviusly, hw much fun is had. It's really easy t d! Here are a few pinters.
·Invite 5 — 10 peple s yu have a nice selectin. __37__， and there may nt be enugh things t chse frm; mre than that, and it becmes uncntrllable.
A．Less peple than that
B．Hld a clthing swap
F．Have everyne put their clthes in the right spts
G．Tell everyne t bring clean clthes in gd cnditin
【解析】37. A。根据上文“Invite 5-10 peple s yu have a nice selectin.”和下文“and there may nt be enugh things t chse frm; mre than that, and it becmes uncntrllable.”可知空白处应是针对下文中的“mre than that”提出的相反的假设，即少于一定数量的人。A项“Less peple than that”和下文中“mre than that”相对，符合语境。故选A项。
技法二 代词指代法
调研1: 【2022·全国甲卷】Making Requests
39 . In Prtugal, this wuld be a serius mistake, because it shws the chef that yu dn’t like their seasning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask fr extra cheese t add t yur fd.
Sme f these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem randm and strange, but they are imprtant in varius cuntries. 40 , the mre cmfrtable yu’ll begin t feel with its freign cultural practices.
A. The mre friends yu make in yur lifetime
B. The mre time yu spend in any given cuntry
C. Mexicans cnsider it inapprpriate t eat with utensils
D. Dn’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a gd sign fr the chef if yu make a mess arund yur plate
F. Never stick them upright in yur fd r crss them as yu use them
G. It may seem like a simple request t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal
【解析】39. G。根据本段小标题可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Prtugal，this wuld be a serius mistake，because it shws the chef that yu dn’t like their seasning skills.”可知，G项(吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似一个简单的请求)符合此处语境，下文中的代词this指的就是此项中的“t ask fr salt and pepper at a meal”。且该选项中的request是原词复现。故选G。
【解析】40. B。根据下文“the mre cmfrtable yu’ll begin t feel with its freign cultural practices”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”结构，B项符合文意，引出下文。且下文的代词its指的就是该项中的any given cuntry。故选B。
调研2:【2019全国I卷】Recently, peple have begun studying the cnnectin between the natural wrld and healing (治愈). 38 In these places patients can g t be near nature during their recvery. It turns ut that just lking at green, grwing things can reduce stress, lwer bld pressure, and put peple int a better md (情绪). Greenery is gd fr us. Hspital patients wh see tree branches ut their windw are likely t recver at a faster rate than patients wh see buildings r sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling f peace.
A. Fresh air cleans ur lungs.
B. S what are yu waiting fr?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Anther side benefit f getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as gd fr yu as yur mther always said?
F. Just as imprtantly, we tend t assciate fresh air with health care.
G. All acrss the cuntry, recvery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
【解析】38. G。代词线索题。本段空格后提到in these places“在这些地方”可知，空格处应该是某个地点。此外，本段第一句提到研究人员在研究自然环境和疾病痊愈之间的关系，那么紧接着应该要建立这种接近自然的康复中心，因此选G。
【解析】39. C。代词线索题。空格后的It就是突破点。从本段的in these places一直到此空前，作者描述了接近大自然的患者康复更快，再结合此空后“这给了我们平和宁静”可知，此处应为总结句，描述大自然的作用，因此选C。
调研3:【2018全国I卷】Over the years, there have been a number f different techniques t help designers apprach this imprtant pint. 37 , they can get a little cmplex. But gd news is that there’re really nly three kinds f decisins yu need t make abut clr in yur hme: the small nes, the medium nes, and the large nes.
38 . They’re the little spts f clr like thrw pillws, mirrrs and baskets that mst f us use t add visual interest t ur rms. Less tiring than painting yur walls and less expensive than buying a clrful sfa, small clr chices bring with them the significant benefit f being easily changeable. Medium clr chices are generally furniture pieces such as sfas, dinner tables r bkshelves. 39 . They require a bigger cmmitment than smaller nes, and they have a mre pwerful effect n the feeling f a space.
A．While all f them are useful
B．Whatever yu're lking fr
C．If yu're experimenting with a clr
D．Small clr chices are the nes we're mst familiar with
E．It's nt really a gd idea t use t many small clr pieces
F．S it pays t be sure, because yu want t get it right the first time
G．Clr chices in this range are a step up frm the small nes in tw majr ways
【解析】37. A。代词线索题。空格后的they指代上文中的techniques，且与A项中的all f them相呼应，代入A项“尽管它们都很有用”，符合语境。结合第二段第一句中的"a number f different techniques"以及最后一句给出的三种设计方案可知，此处表示"虽然这些技巧非常有用，但它们会有一点复杂"，故A项符合语境。
【解析】38. D。代词线索题。第二段最后一句出现了"the small nes, the medium nes, and the large nes"，第三段提到了"small clr chices"，由此可知空处所在段主要在讲"the small nes"，故选D。
【解析】39. G。代词线索题。第四段最后一句提到了"a bigger cmmitment than smaller nes"和"a mre pwerful effect"可知，此处是和上文中的"small clr chices"作对比，故选G。
调研4:【2020全国III卷】A husewarming party is a special party t be held when smene buys r mves int a new apartment r huse. The persn wh bught the huse r mved is the ne wh thrws the party. The party is a chance fr friends and family t cngratulate the persn n the new hme. ___36___ And it is gd time t fill the new space with lve and hpeful presents.
A. This isn’t usual thugh.
B. It is traditinal t bring a gift t a husewarming party.
C. Yu can als bring fd r drinks t share with the ther guests.
D. If yu’re lucky enugh t receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It als gives peple a chance t see what the new hme lks like.
F. The best husewarming parties encurage ld friends t get tgether.
G. This was s that the persn culd keep their hme warm fr the winter.
【解析】36. E。代词线索题。上句 The party is a chance fr friends and family t cngratulate the persn n the new hme.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a gd time t fill the new space with lve and hpefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会。与上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。
三、根据逻辑关系，化解阅读七选五
1．总分关系
【2016全国I卷】There are three main types f cryptgraphy. 37 Fr example, the first letters f “My elephant eats t many eels” spell ut the hidden message “Meet me.”
E. Yu can hide a message by having the first letters f each wrd spell it ut.
【解析】37. E。考查总分关系。空格前面的句子说总共有三种密码，是一个概括性句子，总述了全段的主要内容。空格内应是介绍第一种密码，是分述。由该空后的例句可知，此空选E “你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息”。
【2013全国I卷】Business management is a term used t describe the techniques f planning, directin, and cntrl f the peratins f a business. 38 One is the establishment (制定) f brad basic plicies with respect t prductin; sales; the purchase f equipment, materials and supplies; and accunting. 39 The third relates t the establishment f standards f wrk in all departments. Directin is cncerned primarily with supervisin(监管) and guidance by the management in authrity. 40
A. Cntrl includes the use f recrds and reprts t cmpare actual wrk with the set standards fr wrk.
B. In this cnnectin there is the difference between tp management and perative management.
C. Examples f nnprfit businesses include such rganizatins as scial service agencies and many hspitals.
D. Hwever, sme businesses nly seek t earn enugh t cver their perating csts.
E. The secnd aspect relates t the applicatin f these plicies by departments.
F. In the thery f business management, rganizatin has tw main aspects.
G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.
【解析】38. G。前句解释了商业管理的概念，下文为商业管理中规划所包含的三个方面，与G项中的"three main aspects"相一致。故选G。
【解析】39. E。前一句为第一个方面，后一句为第三个方面，显然本句应介绍第二个方面。故选E。
【解析】40. A。第二段的第一句介绍了商业管理中的三个技巧，分别是 planning, directin和cntrl。接下来已经介绍了前两个技巧，最后一个技巧"cntrl"还未提及，所以本空应涉及cntrl的内容。故选A。
2．解释关系
【2019全国II卷】Anther way f setting realistic gals is t analyze yur shrt and lng term bjectives, keeping in mind yur beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that gals are flexible. 39 They als need t be measurable. Yu must keep these pints in mind while setting yur gals.
E. They can change accrding t circumstances.
【解析】39. E。根据空格前的gals are flexible可知，目标是灵活的，E项“它们可以根据情况而改变”对其进行了解释，故选E项。
【2018全国II卷】__39__ Studies fund that peple wh wke up early fr exercise slept better than thse wh exercised in the evening. Exercise energizes yu，s it is mre difficult t relax and have a peaceful sleep when yu are very excited.
B. Yur quality f sleep imprves.
【解析】39. B。此处缺少一个主题句。空后句子解释了早起锻炼的人比晚上锻炼的人睡得更好。所选答案应是对后面内容的总述。故选B。
3．例证关系
【2017北京卷】 Nw we have the mst direct evidence yet that he is right. 74 The synapses in the mice taken at the end f a perid f sleep were 18 per cent smaller than thse taken befre sleep, shwing that the cnnectins between neurns weaken while sleeping.
G. Tnni's team measured the size f these cnnectins, r synapses, in the brains f 12 mice.
【解析】74. G。该段首句提出论点“现在我们有最直接的证据证明他的假设是对的”，那么接下来就应该给出具体的论据或实例来证明上述论点。此外，该空后面一句话解释了实验的结果和意义。综合看来，只有G项符合语境。
【2020新高考卷】 Never mind that mst travelers nwadays have smart phnes with built－in alarm clcks.__17__ Here are sme examples. At the Wlctt Htel, if a wake－up call is unanswered, they will send an emplyee t yur dr. At Las Ventanas al Parais, an emplyee shws up at yur rm t wake yu up with tea, cffee and breakfast bread. At the Mandarin Oriental, a persn rather than an autmated system will call t wake yu up.
F. The human wake－up call is a way t persnalize a guest’s stay.
【解析】17. F。由17空之后的“Here are sme examples...”可知前后是例证关系。根据后面举的例子可知应该选择F项“The human wake－up call is a way t persnalize a guest’s stay.”
4．并列关系
【2016全国II卷】Sme peple may think that a garden is n mre than plants, flwers, patterns and masses f clr. Others are cncerned abut using gardening methds that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 18 Hwever, there are a number f ther reasns that might explain why yu want t garden. One f them cmes frm ur earliest years.
E. Still thers may simply enjy being utdrs and clse t plants.
【解析】18. E。由本段中的第一句Sme ...，第二句的Others ...，可锁定E项中的Still thers ...，它们之间为并列关系，故选E项。
【2020新高考卷】 Yur gal is nt t be a perfect public speaker.__19__ And like everything else in life，that takes practice. Remember, even wrld champin athletes practice their skills n a cnsistent basis.
B. Yu want t be an effective public speaker.
【解析】19. B。根据上文中的“Yur gal is nt t be a perfect public speaker.”可知，你的目标不是成为一个完美的演说家。据此可知，空处与此对应，说明自己的目标是要成为高效的演说家，故选B项。
【2020全国III卷】A husewarming party is a special party t be held when smene buys r mves int a new apartment r huse. The persn wh bught the huse r mved is the ne wh thrws the party. The party is a chance fr friends and family t cngratulate the persn n the new hme. ___36___ And it is gd time t fill the new space with lve and hpefully presents.
E. It als gives peple a chance t see what the new hme lks like.
【解析】36. E。上句 The party is a chance fr friends and family t cngratulate the persn n the new hme.(这个聚会是朋友和家人祝贺新家的机会)。介绍庆祝乔迁之喜的聚会是亲戚朋友祝贺搬新家的人的一次机会，下句 And it is a gd time t fill the new space with lve and hpefully presents.(现在是时候用爱和希望的礼物来填补新家了)。介绍这也是给新家装满爱和希望礼物的好时机。and表并列，说明设空36也要介绍party的目的，E项：它也给了人们一次看看新家什么样的机会，含义合适，并且有连词als呼应下句的and，形成上下句并列，都是庆祝乔迁之喜聚会的目的，故选E。
5．递进关系
【2017北京卷】Every animal sleeps, but the reasn fr this has remained fggy. When lab rats are nt allwed t sleep, they die within a mnth. 71
C. Similarly, when peple g fr a few days withut sleeping, they get sick.
【解析】71. C。首句指出每种动物都要睡觉，但原因仍然是个谜。实验室的老鼠被剥夺了睡眠，一个月内就会死亡，C项“同样，如果人类连续几天不睡觉，就会生病”与前句是层递关系，故选C项。
6．转折关系
【2019全国II卷】Yur persnal circumstances are equally imprtant. Fr example, yu may want t be a pilt but can't becme ne because yur eyesight is nt gd enugh. 40 Yu shuld reassess yur gals, and mtivate yurself t set a fresh gal.
C. Hwever，this shuld nt discurage yu.
【解析】40. C。空格前说“例如，你想当飞行员但是却因为视力不够好而当不成”，空格后说“你应该重新评估你的目标，激励自己重新设定一个目标”。C项“然而，这不应该使你气馁”承上启下，符合语境，为转折关系。
【2019全国I卷】__40__While the sun’s rays can age and harm ur skin，they als give us beneficial Vitamin D. T make sure yu get enugh Vitamin D—but still prtect yur skin—put n sunscreen right as yu head utside. It takes sunscreen abut fifteen minutes t start wrking，and that’s plenty f time fr yur skin t absrb a day’s wrth f Vitamin D.
D. Anther side benefit f getting fresh air is sunlight.
【解析】40. D。空格后一句说，虽然阳光会使我们的皮肤衰老并受到伤害，但阳光也能带来有益的维生素D，这应该与上一句之间是转折关系，故空格处应填呼吸新鲜空气附带的好处，因此D项“呼吸新鲜空气的另一个附带好处是阳光”符合语境，D项中的sunlight与空格后的the sun’s rays相呼应。故选D。
【2016全国II卷】Our mdel f what a garden shuld be ften ges back t childhd. Grandma's rse garden and Dad's vegetable garden might be gd r bad, but that's nt what's imprtant. 19 — hw being in thse gardens made us feel. If yu'd like t build a pwerful bnd with yur garden, start by taking sme time t recall the gardens f yur yuth. 20.Fr each f thse gardens, write dwn the strngest memry yu have. Then g utside and wrk ut a plan t translate yur childhd memries int yur grwnup garden. Have fun.
C. It's ur experience f the garden that matters.
【解析】19. C。空格前说“但那一点不重要”，空格处应与之相对，指出什么才是重要的，故选C项“我们做园艺工作的体验才是重要的”。
【2017全国III卷】Keep a recrd and evaluate it weekly. Keep track f yur effrts and write dwn hw yu feel. After yu’ve tried a new methd fr a week，take a lk at yur recrd.__20__ If nt，take anther lk at ther methds yu culd try.
E. If the steps yu take are wrking，keep it up.
【解析】20. E。考查前后句的连贯。本段谈到对自己所做的计划要记录、评价和调整。本空后的“If nt”说明前面是讨论计划有效就应该坚持，因此选E。
8．因果关系
【2017北京卷】 One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memries. 72 We knw that, while awake, fresh memries are recrded by reinfrcing (加强) cnnectins between brain cells, but the memry prcesses that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
E. That's why students d better in tests if they get a chance t sleep after learning.
【解析】72. E。该段首句说睡眠能帮助人们增强记忆。而E项则给出了结果，学习后如有机会睡眠，那么学生在考试中就会表现更好，故选E项。
【2020新高考卷】 Even the mst successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the nly ne wh cares abut any mistake is the ne wh is speaking. Peple’s attentin wanders cnstantly. In fact. mst peple nly absrb abut 20 percent f a speaker’s message. S, dn’t stp speaking when yu make a mistake unless it’s a truly serius ne.__18__
C. Yu dn’t need t aplgize fr a minr slip.
【解析】18. C。根据上文中的“S，dn’t stp speaking when yu make a mistake unless it’s a truly serius ne.”可知，当你犯错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。据此可以推知，空处承接上文，说明犯小错误无需道歉，故C项正确。
四、阅读理解七选五语篇训练
【2023▪新高考I卷】 Persnal Frgiveness
Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human. 16 Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.
In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths.” 17 Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.
At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day. 18
Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list. 19 That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh. In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.
It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. 20 We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.
A. A little self-frgiveness als ges a lng way.
B. Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.
C. They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.
D. It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
E. It desn’t mean yu have t ignre what’s happened r frget it.
F. Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.
【答案】16. D17. B18. F19. C20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
16.根据空前内容“Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点。)”中的“d this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
17.根据空前内容“In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
18.根据上文内容“At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
19.根据空后内容“That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend r family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
20.根据空前内容“It’s smething f a cliché (陈词滥调) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
【2023▪新高考II卷】As an artist wh shares her jurney n scial media, I’m ften asked by curius fllwers hw t begin an art jurney. Unfrtunately, there is n magic list I can ffer. I d remember, thugh, what it was like t be a cmplete beginner. S I’ve put tgether sme gd tips fr starting an art jurney.
▪Start small. I suggest using a sketchbk (素描本) fr small studies. These small studies prvide inspiratin and may be a springbard fr mre cmplex wrks in the future. 16 Yu’ll want t lk back n yur jurney t see hw far yu’ve cme.
▪Paint ften and paint frm life. There’s n better way t imprve than t put in thse brush miles. Whether yu paint still lifes, prtraits, r landscapes, paint frm life as much as pssible. 17
▪Cntinually challenge yurself t try smething new. 18 Artistic grwth can be a bit painful. Welcme t the club；we’ve all been there. I lve taking n challenges. I nce tk up a challenge t create a painting every day fr a mnth and pst the wrks nline.
▪ 19 Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反馈) is crucial t grwth. I pst my wrk n scial media and, in turn, have met sme f the kindest peple. They make me feel valued and respected, n matter my level f artistic ability.
The jurney yu’re n wn’t fllw a straight path. 20 Push thrugh, give it time and put in the effrt. Yu will harvest the rewards f an artistic life.
A. Get ut f yur cmfrt zne.
B. Make career plans and set gals.
C. Dn’t thrw away yur beginner art.
D. Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s.
E. Yu’ll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times.
F. Evaluate yur perfrmance and, if needed, redefine yur rle.
G. Yu’ll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin.
【答案】16. C17. G18. A19. D20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。
16.根据前文“Start small. I suggest using a sketchbk (素描本) fr small studies. These small studies prvide inspiratin and may be a springbard fr mre cmplex wrks in the future. (从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板)”以及后文“Yu’ll want t lk back n yur jurney t see hw far yu’ve cme. (你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Dn’t thrw away yur beginner art. (不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品)”符合文意，和后文形成顺承关系。故选C项。
17.分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据前文“Paint ften and paint frm life. There’s n better way t imprve than t put in thse brush miles. Whether yu paint still lifes, prtraits, r landscapes, paint frm life as much as pssible. (经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“Yu’ll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin. (你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆)”是对前文的总结。故选G项。
18.分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“Cntinually challenge yurself t try smething new. (不断挑战自己，尝试新事物)”以及后文“Artistic grwth can be a bit painful. (艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦)”可知，A项“Get ut f yur cmfrt zne. (走出你的舒适区)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选A项。
19.分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反馈) is crucial t grwth. I pst my wrk n scial media and, in turn, have met sme f the kindest peple. They make me feel valued and respected, n matter my level f artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s. (如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
20.分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The jurney yu’re n wn’t fllw a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push thrugh, give it time and put in the effrt. Yu will harvest the rewards f an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“Yu’ll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
【2023▪全国甲卷】 Tricks T Becming A Patient Persn
Here’s a riddle: What d traffic jams, lng lines and waiting fr a vacatin t start all have in cmmn? There’s ne answer. 36 .
In the Digital Age, we’re used t having what we need immediately and right at ur fingertips. Hwever, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whle lt better ff. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lt f benefits: Research shws it makes us happier, less stressed and even mre ptimistic. 37 . “Shwing thankfulness can fster self-cntrl,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University f Califrnia.
● Make yurself wait
Instant gratificatin (满足) may seem like the mst “feel gd” ptin at the time, but psychlgy research suggests waiting fr things actually makes us happier in the lng run. And the nly way fr us t get int the habit f waiting is t practice. 38 . Put ff watching yur favrite shw until the weekend r wait 10 extra minutes befre ging fr that cake. Yu’ll sn find that the mre patience yu practice, the mre yu start t apply it t ther, mre annying situatins.
● 39 .
S many f us have the belief that being cmfrtable is the nly state we will tlerate, and when we experience smething utside f ur cmfrt zne, we get impatient abut the circumstances. Yu shuld learn t say t yurself, “ 40 .” Yu’ll then gradually becme mre patient.
A. Find yur causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncmfrtable
D. All this adds up t a state f hurry
E. It can als help us practice mre patience
F. This is merely uncmfrtable, nt intlerable
G. They’re all situatins where we culd use a little extra patience
【答案】36. G 37. E 38. B 39. C 40. F
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。
36.根据上文“Here’s a riddle: What d traffic jams, lng lines and waiting fr a vacatin t start all have in cmmn? There’s ne answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G选项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。
37.根据上文“Thankfulness has a lt f benefits: Research shws it makes us happier, less stressed and even mre ptimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文““Shwing thankfulness can fster self-cntrl,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University f Califrnia. (加州大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。
38.根据上文“And the nly way fr us t get int the habit f waiting is t practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习)”以及后文“Put ff watching yur favrite shw until the weekend r wait 10 extra minutes befre ging fr that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。
39.根据本段内容“S many f us have the belief that being cmfrtable is the nly state we will tlerate, and when we experience smething utside f ur cmfrt zne, we get impatient abut the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncmfrtable对应后文cmfrtable。故C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。
40.根据上文“Yu shuld learn t say t yurself (你应该学会对自己说……)”以及后文“Yu’ll then gradually becme mre patient. (然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F选项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。
【2023▪全国乙卷】Indr plants might lk as if they just sit arund nt ding much, but in many ways they are the unsung heres f the hme. 36 , but studies have shwn that they can prmte peple’s wellbeing by imprving their md (心情), reducing stress and helping their memry. What’s mre, indr plants are easy t lk after and are nt very expensive.
What are indr plants?
Indr plants, als knwn as huseplants r pt plants, are plants that like t grw indrs. Many f these species (物种) are nt ideally suited t grwing utside in the UK, especially in the winter. 37 .
Why are indr plants gd fr yu?
Will Spelstra, wh wrks at the Ryal Btanic Gardens, says, “ 38 . I find during the winter mnths, plants arund the huse can really lift yur md.” Several studies have backed this up and fund that indr plants can imprve creativity, fcus and memry. There is als research shwing that pt plants can clean the air arund them by remving harmful gases, such as carbn dixide. They als remve sme harmful chemicals frm paints r cking. 39 .
Which plants can yu grw?
Ale vera, peace lilies and spider plants are sme f the species that are easy t grw indrs. Yu can buy plants frm supermarkets, garden centres r nline. Yunger plants are ften cheaper than fully grwn nes, and yu get t care fr them as they mature — which is part f the jy f wning plants. “ 40 ,” Spelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and fcus int peple’s lives and help t make the link between hme and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Nt nly d they lk beautiful
C. There are many benefits t grwing plants indrs
D. Instead, they grw better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tngue are amng the best
F. Changing the pt f yur plant frm time t time will als help
G. Learning abut the requirements f each plant can be very rewarding
【答案】36. B 37. D 38. C 39. E 40. G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。
36.根据下文“but studies have shwn that they can prmte peple’s wellbeing by imprving their md (心情), reducing stress and helping their memry.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成nt nly…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Nt nly d they lk beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
37.根据上文“Many f these species (物种) are nt ideally suited t grwing utside in the UK, especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D. Instead, they grw better inside, where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。
38.根据下文“I find during the winter mnths, plants arund the huse can really lift yur md.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C. There are many benefits t grwing plants indrs(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。
39.根据上文“There is als research shwing that pt plants can clean the air arund them by remving harmful gases, such as carbn dixide. They als remve sme harmful chemicals frm paints r cking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tngue are amng the best(像和平百合和魔芋之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。
40.根据上文“Yunger plants are ften cheaper than fully grwn nes, and yu get t care fr them as they mature-which is part f the jy f wning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G. Learning abut the requirements f each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and fcus int peple’s lives and help t make the link between hme and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。
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