中考英语复习知识点练专题11非谓语动词（原卷版）

这是一份中考英语复习知识点练专题11非谓语动词（原卷版），共15页。
中考英语知识清单（通用版）
目录
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc112142965" 考情分析： PAGEREF _Tc112142965 \h 1
\l "_Tc112142966" 1. 动词不定式 PAGEREF _Tc112142966 \h 1
\l "_Tc112142967" 2. 动名词 PAGEREF _Tc112142967 \h 4
\l "_Tc112142968" 3. 分词 PAGEREF _Tc112142968 \h 5
\l "_Tc112142969" 4. 牛刀小试 PAGEREF _Tc112142969 \h 5
考情分析：
中考英语试题对非谓语动词的考查主要是：
1. it 作形式主语、宾语的用法；
2. 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的用法；
3. 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用；
4. 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带t，但变为被动语态时就要带t；
5. 有些动词既可以接不定式也可以接动词-ing形式作宾语，但是表达的意思不同。
1. 动词不定式
（1）动词不定式的构成：不定式的基本形式为：t+动词原形，有时可以不用t，这里的t是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是nt+(t+)动词原形。
（2）动词不定式的句法功能：
1)不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为：It + be + adj. +(fr/f sb. )+动词不定式。
如：
T learn English well is useful．→ It is useful t learn English well．
学好英语很有用。
It’s imprtant fr us t prtect the envirnment．
保护环境对我们来说很重要。
在kind，gd，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用fr而用f。
如：
It’s very kind f yu t help me．
你帮助我真是太好啦。
It’s very clever f yu t d like that．
你那样做真是太聪明啦!
2)不定式作宾语
①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wuld like，like，want，wish，hpe，decide，plan，expect等。
如：
Wuld yu like t see a film this evening?
你今晚想去看电影吗?
②在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
如：
I find it easy t read English every day．
我发现每天读英语很容易。
③常见的一些不带t的动词不定式：why nt d...，why dn’t yu d...，had better(nt) d...，wuld rather d，culd/wuld/will yu please(nt) d...
如：
I wuld rather stay in the rm．
我宁愿待在房间里。
3)不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：tell，ask，want，allw，get，wuld like，encurage后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如：
Lucy asked him t turn dwn the radi．
露西让他关小收音机。
My mther encurages me t learn Japanese．
我妈妈鼓励我学日语。
还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略t。这些动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen t)、三让(let，make，have)、四看(lk at，see，watch，ntice)，但变被动语态时，必须加上t。
如：
My friends were made t wrk the whle night by the bss．
老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。
4)不定式作定语
①不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
②如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。
如：
There is nthing t wrry abut．
没有什么可担心的。
5)不定式常和疑问词what，which，when，where，hw连用，相当于一个宾语从句。
如：
The teacher is telling the students what t d．
老师正告诉学生们做什么。
He didn’t knw where t g．(where t g＝where he shuld g)
他不知道去哪里。
2. 动名词
（1）动名词构成：一般由“动词原形 + -ing”构成。
（2）动名词的句法功能：
英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。初中阶段常见的有：finish，enjy，mind，miss，be wrth，be busy，practice，have fun，have truble/prblem(in)，spend...(in)，feel like，be used t(习惯于)，give up，keep n，cnsider，suggest，can’t help可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词：
完成实践值得忙(finish，practice，be wrth，be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep n，be used t，give up)
考虑建议不禁想(cnsider，suggest，can’t help，feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjy，miss，mind)
3. 分词
（1） 分词的构成：
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词的基本形式由“动词+-ing”构成；过去分词的基本形式是“动词+-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。
（2）分词的句法功能：
4. 牛刀小试
1．（2022·吉林长春·中考真题）________ heavy traffic, please get up and set ut early.
A．T avidB．AvidC．AvidingD．Avided
2．（2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题）If each f us makes effrts _______ smething meaningful, ur sciety will becme better and better.
A．t lseB．t be lstC．t dD．t be dne
3．（2022·贵州黔西·中考真题）Mst f the students are lking frward t ________ themselves after the exams.
A．wrkB．wrkingC．relaxD．relaxing
4．（2022·辽宁大连·中考真题）I hpe ________ in my hmetwn after I finish schl.
A．wrkB．wrksC．wrkingD．t wrk
5．（2022·广西玉林·中考真题）—Safety cmes first! Everyne shuld stp the kids frm ________ in the lake r river.
—Life is valuable. Kids must remember ________ the schl rules.
A．swim; t fllwB．swim; fllwing
C．swimming; fllwingD．swimming; t fllw
6．（2022·广西河池·中考真题）I usually spend time ________ in the library n weekends.
A．readB．readingC．readsD．t read
7．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）The high schl invited a famus scientist _______ a talk n Wrld Earth Day.
A．givingB．t giveC．giveD．given
8．（2022·广西·中考真题）Our teacher ften tells us _________ acrss the rad when the traffic light is red.
A．gB．gingC．dn’t gD．nt t g
9．（2022·广西贵港·中考真题）— Amy, dn’t frget ________ yur mask (口罩) when yu g ut.
— Dn’t wrry, mm. I will.
A．wearB．wearsC．t wearD．wearing
10．（2022·四川雅安·中考真题）Teenagers ften listen t pp music _________.
A．relaxB．t relaxC．relaxingD．relaxed
11．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Hlly prefers playing the pian t ________ the vilin. Listen! She ________ the pian in her rm.
A．play; is playingB．playing; playsC．playing; is playing
12．（2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题）Nancy didn’t knw anyne in the new schl, s she decided t jin an after-schl club ________ sme new friends.
A．t meetB．meetC．metD．meets
13．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）An ld man ________ n the side f the rad was fund ________, and he was sent t the hspital by the bus driver and passengers immediately.
A．lies; diesB．lay; diedC．lain; deadD．lying; dying
14．（2022·贵州黔东南·中考真题）There is n dubt _________ Harry Ptter is wrth _________.
A．whether, readB．if; t readC．that; readingD．as; being read
15．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mr. Chen, my kid is sleeping. Wuld yu mind ______ yur radi?
—Srry. I’ll d it at nce.
A．turning dwnB．turn dwnC．turning upD．turn up
16．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—D yu knw there are mre than 3,000 languages ______ in the wrld?
—Srry, I have n idea.
A．speakingB．spkenC．speakD．spke
17．（2022·贵州毕节·中考真题）Many peple have lst their hmes because f wars. It’s imprtant fr peple ________ a peaceful wrld.
A．haveB．hadC．t haveD．t be having
18．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）The teacher tld us ________ t much nise because the ther students were having an exam.
A．t nt makeB．nt t makeC．nt makeD．nt making
19．（2022·四川广元·中考真题）The Great Wall is s famus that a large number f travellers wish ______ it.
A．visitB．visitingC．t visitD．visited
20．（2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题）—Miss Li, can yu tell me hw t imprve my writing skills?
—Certainly. I advise yu ________ a diary in English every day.
A．t keepB．keepingC．keptD．keeps
21．（2022·天津·中考真题）The painting is really valuable t him. He will never agree ________ it.
A．sellB．sellsC．sldD．t sell
22．（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）________ the peple lcked inside, the firemen brke dwn the dr.
A．ReachB．T reachC．ReachingD．T reaching
23．（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）Bys and girls, gd luck and wish yu ________ gd grades n yur new jurney!
A．cuttingB．t cutC．gettingD．t get
24．（2022·云南·中考真题）If yu want ________ yur prnunciatin, keep n practicing every day.
A．imprveB．imprvedC．imprvingD．t imprve
25．（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）Kitty, these bks are ________ heavy fr yu ________ carry. Let me help yu.
A．as…asB．t…tC．such…thatD．s…that
26．（2022·江苏连云港·中考真题）We learned ________ t wrk as a team by cmpleting the task.
A．whatB．whichC．hwD．wh
27．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）The lcal gvernment advises peple ________ t ther places ________ it is nt necessary during the pandemic.
A．travel; unlessB．t nt travel; ifC．nt t travel; unlessD．nt t travel; if
28．（2022·四川达州·中考真题）—Hurry up, Jasn! We’re ging t the cinema, but the clthes still need ________.
—Dn’t wrry. I think thirty minutes ________ enugh.
A．washing; areB．t wash; areC．t wash; isD．washing; is
29．（2022·四川泸州·中考真题）As teenagers, we are nt allwed ________ mbile phnes int schl s that we can fcus n ur schlwrk.
A．bringB．t bringC．bringingD．brught
30．（2022·江苏南通·二模）Liu Genghng and his wife’s live fitness shw has taken the Internet by strm. They have encuraged millins f nline audience ________ them.
A．jinB．jinedC．jiningD．t jin
31．（2022·吉林·长春市第一〇八学校模拟预测） ________ prnunciatin, I find a partner t practice spken English with.
A．ImprveB．ImprvingC．T imprveD．Imprved
32．（2022·山东青岛·二模）He ran as fast as he culd ________ the bus but he failed.
A．catchB．t catchC．catchesD．caught
33．（2022·甘肃武威·二模）In China, plicemen are brave enugh ________ peple’s lives.
A．saveB．savesC．savingD．t save
34．（2022·贵州铜仁·模拟预测）I can’t understand the new wrd. Wuld yu mind ________ it t me?
A．explainingB．t explainC．explainsD．explain
35．（2022·吉林长春·二模）What did yu think f studying abrad? Did yu mind ________ away frm hme fr s lng?
A．beB．beingC．t beD．t being
36．（2022·吉林长春·二模）Mary needs t cme up with a plan ________ all the students abut the schl clear-up.
A．tellB．tellingC．t tellD．tld
37．（2022·山东济南·模拟预测）My teacher encuraged me ________ English as much as pssible.
A．t speakB．speakC．speakingD．spke
38．（2022·吉林·长春市第一〇八学校模拟预测）________ , yu’d better speak English as much as yu can.
A．Imprving yur spken English
B．T imprve yur spken English
C．Imprves yur spken English
D．Imprve yur spken English
39．（2022·江苏·泰兴市济川初级中学模拟预测）In 1987, Gng Li played a lead rle________ Red Srghum, a film ________ upn a nvel ________ by M Yan wh has just wn the Nbel Prize fr Literature.
A．in; basing; writingB．as; based; writing
C．as; based; writtenD．in; based; written
40．（2022·江苏·苏州市平江中学校一模）________ mre abut the DIY curse at weekends, visit the website.
A．KnwB．KnewC．KnwingD．T knw
41．（2022·湖北·黄石市有色中学模拟预测）Please tell me the way yu thught f ________ the garden.
A．take care fB．t take care fC．taking care fD．t take care
42．（2022·广西梧州·二模）—The light in yur bedrm is still n.
—Oh, srry! I frgt ________ it ff.
A．turnB．turnedC．t turnD．turning
43．（2022·云南·盈江县教育体育局教育科研中心模拟预测）Except fr ________ hard, we shuld pay mre attentin t prper exercise and enugh sleep. After all, health always cmes first.
A．wrkB．wrksC．wrkingD．t wrk
44．（2022·江苏·苏州市吴江区青云中学模拟预测）The kite ________ in China has a lng histry.
A．inventsB．inventedC．is inventedD．was invented
45．（2022·辽宁抚顺·模拟预测）—I didn’t enjy myself at the party. I just felt _________.
—Well, maybe there were t many peple at the party.
A．left utB．t leave utC．leaving utD．be left ut
46．（2022·云南昆明·模拟预测）—Eric, ________ playing that cmputer game. Yu shuld find smething else t d.
—OK, Mm. Maybe ________ a bk is a gd chice.
A．t stp; readingB．stpping; readC．stp; readingD．t stp; t read
47．（2022·云南昆明·二模）I’m lking frward t ________ a new life in the high schl that I’ve dreamt f.
A．startB．startsC．startedD．starting
48．（2022·云南昆明·模拟预测）—What’s wrng with the by?
—It seems that he has a stmachache. He desn’t feel like ________.
A．t eat smethingB．eating smething
C．t eat anythingD．eating anything
49．（2022·江西南昌·二模）—Neil, yu’re reading again.
—Yes, I think reading bks ________ a bridge between ur lives and the unknwn wrld.
A．buildsB．builtC．was buildingD．had built
50．（2022·四川·密地外国语三模）In sme parts f the city, missing a bus means ________ fr anther hur.
A．t waitB．waitC．t be waitingD．waiting
功能
例句
说明
主语
T speak English is nt easy fr us. ＝It is nt easy fr us t speak English．
讲英语对我们来说不容易。
作主语用的不定式，常常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。
表语
My wrk is t clean the rm every day．＝T clean the rm every day is my wrk．
我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。
多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为作主语。
宾语
—What sprts des he like t play?
他喜欢做什么运动?
—He likes t play basketball．他喜欢打篮球。
只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。
宾补
My mther made me play the pian all the time．
我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。
在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略t。
定语
Have yu gt anything t say?你有要说的吗?
不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。
状语
I’m srry t truble yu．(表原因)
很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。
I went t the library t study English．(表目的)
我去图书馆学英语了。
不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
功能
例句
说明
主语
Eating t much is bad fr yur health．
吃得太多对你的健康有害。
谓语动词用单数形式。
宾语
动词宾语
I like playing basketball very much．
我非常喜欢打篮球。
表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。
介词宾语
Stamps are used fr sending letters．
邮票是被用来寄信的。
表语
His hbby is cllecting stamps．
＝Cllecting stamps is his hbby．
他的爱好是集邮。
多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。
定语
She is in the reading rm．
她在阅览室里。
We shuld imprve ur teaching methds．
我们应该改进教学方法。
只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。
功能
例句
说明
定语
D yu knw the girl standing under the tree?
你认识站在树下面的那位女孩吗?
Please hand in yur written exercises．
请交上你们的笔试练习。
现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词；过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词。
状语
The students went ut f the classrm，talking and laughing．
学生们谈笑着走出了教室。
Seen frm the hill，ur schl lks mre beautiful．
从小山上看，我们学校显得更美丽了。
分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。
表语
The situatin is encuraging．
形势令人鼓舞。
The by is t frightened t mve．
这个男孩太害怕了，以至于不能动了。
现在分词表示主语的性质、特征；过去分词表示某种状态。
补足语
Dn’t keep us waiting fr a lng time．
不要让我们等得太久。
I heard him singing in the classrm．
我听到他正在教室里唱歌呢。
He’ll have his hair cut after schl．
放学后他要去理发。
现在分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系)；过去分词作补足语，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。