高考英语完形填空专项训练
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这是一份高考英语完形填空专项训练,共38页。
But why des this happen? Experiments fund that the 5. f music n the heart is based n the functining f the brain. When we hear music, the sund waves are translated int electrical impulses(神经冲动) by the 6. . As it is related t the increasing and decreasing f the heart rate, the related effect is prduced. Nw, is it that nly 7. music brings ut this effect? Well, listening t sft r relaxing music is surely mre 8. . Hwever, listening t any type f music yu like can be 9. , rather than nt listening t any music at all.
It is believed that peple wh have a slwer heart rate have a lnger life. 10. , peple having a faster heart rate are at a greater 11. f suffering frm cardivascular(心血管的) diseases. Therefre, having a slwer heart rate makes yu live a lnger and healthier life. When 12. slws dwn the heart rate, it brings abut a feeling f 13. . Therefre, it is used as a 14. technique. We can cnclude by saying that the phrase "Music heals(治疗) the heart" is nt just a saying, but a(n) 15. !
()33. A. selflessness B. helplessness C. calmness D. sadness
1.A.btainsB.evaluatesC.measuresD.increases
2.A.natureB.anxietyC.respectD.security
3.A.integratedB.changedC.linkedD.marked
4.A.cmparedB.adaptedC.expsedD.ppsed
5.A.styleB.effectC.fantasyD.beauty
6.A.structureB.musicC.brainD.equipment
7.A.nrmalB.flkC.mdernD.sft
8.A.abnrmalB.unbearableC.unfrgettableD.beneficial
9.A.helpfulB.jyfulC.gratefulD.dubtful
10.A.InterestinglyB.SimilarlyC.AbslutelyD.Unbelievably
11.A.limitB.cmpetitinC.riskD.fame
12.A.temperatureB.medicineC.danceD.music
13.A.learningB.relaxatinC.permissinD.cperatin
14.A.learningB.relaxatinC.permissinD.cperatin
15.A.factB.resurceC.adviceD.intentin
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In many ways, Gitanjali Ra is an rdinary 11-year-ld, lively and chatty, yet her scientific spirit makes a huge difference. Last mnth, she 16. the tp prize at the Discvery Educatin 3M Yung Scientist Challenge fr her inventin.
What 17. Gitanjali's wrk was that her city faced a water emergency with t much lead in its water. "The idea didn't 18. t me until I saw my parents try t d water tests. The test strips may shw inaccurate results, which weren't very 19. ."
She recalls. She then searched fr suitable materials with cntinued effrts and 20. fund that carbn nantube(纳米管) sensrs can be used t sense chemicals. Gitanjali 21. t build a small blue husing using the 3-D printer at her schl with cmputer chips and a battery inside. A free app, which Gitanjali designed under 22. frm her cmputer science teacher, gives instant 23. and sends the data t a linked phne thrugh an attached device.
The prcess f designing her prject wasn't always 24. , thugh. Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer, 25. alng the way. In the award ceremny, Gitanjali als 26. her parents with cnstant supprt and 27. t try "crazy ideas". Gitanjali received $25, 000 t further develp her prgram alng with the great 28. f winning the cntest. Accrding t Shafer, wh 29. Gitanjali, "she shws a lt f mtivatin t slve 30. issues thrugh science".
16.A.earnedB.designedC.fferedD.made
17.A.expsedB.imprvedC.definedD.inspired
18.A.stickB.belngC.ccurD.apply
19.A.simpleB.reliableC.predictableD.creative
20.A.initiallyB.immediatelyC.temprarilyD.eventually
21.A.managedB.prmisedC.pretendedD.happened
22.A.bservatinB.cmmandC.instructinD.cntrl
23.A.accessB.resultsC.decisinsD.apprval
24.A.ptinalB.cmpleteC.cntinuusD.smth
25.A.changedB.riskedC.helpedD.fllwed
26.A.stressesB.creditsC.impressesD.prvides
27.A.encuragementB.requestC.struggleD.pressure
28.A.frtuneB.intentinC.hnrD.ptential
29.A.keeps up withB.gets alng with
C.takes care fD.speaks highly f
30.A.cmmercialB.practicalC.academicD.systematic
完形填空
Scientists in Nrway have sme gd news fr cffee drinkers. Researchers have already fund evidence that the drink r the beans can help with weight lss, 31. ne's risk f develping sme diseases, prmte muscle grwth, prtect against certain types f cancers and can even reduce ne's risk f premature(早于预期的) death, amng many ther 32. . Nw it is said that a cup f 33. reduces physical pain.
The surprising finding is 34. a study invlving 48 vlunteers wh agreed t spend 90 minutes perfrming cmputer tasks meant t finish ffice wrk. The tasks were knwn t 35. pain in the shulders, neck, frearms and wrists. The researchers wanted t 36. hw peple with pain and thse wh were pain-free tlerated(忍受) the pain f such tasks. "As a matter f cnvenience, the scientists allwed peple t drink cffee befre taking the test t avid 37. effects f caffeine lack, e. g. decreased vigr, sleepiness, and exhaustin, " they reprted.
When it came time t analyze the data, the researchers frm Nrway's Natinal Institute f Occupatinal Health and Osl University Hspital nticed that the 19 peple wh drank cffee reprted a 38. intensity(强度) f pain than the 29 peple wh didn't. In the shulders and neck, 39. , the average pain was rated 41 (n a 100-pint scale) amng the cffee drinkers and 55 fr the nn-cffee drinkers. Similar gaps were fund fr all pain sites measured, and cffee's bvius pain-reductin effect 40. .
Hwever, the authrs f the study, which was published this week in the jurnal, BMCResearchNtes, warn that the results f the study cme with many 41. . Fr starters, the researchers dn't knw hw much cffee the cffee drinkers cnsumed(消耗) befre taking the cmputer tests. 42. , they dubt whether the cffee drinkers and nn-cffee drinkers were 43. in all aspects except fr their cffee cnsumptin. Prblems like these tend t 44. the imprtance f the findings. But thse dubts are 45. t truble the cffee drinkers lking fr any reasn nt t cut back n their daily caffeine habit.
31.A.takeB.reduceC.increaseD.face
32.A.trendsB.adviceC.benefitsD.prmtins
33.A.milkB.waterC.ckeD.cffee
34.A.based nB.fnd fC.different frmD.regarded as
35.A.causeB.indicateC.easeD.relieve
36.A.warnB.cmpareC.cureD.treat
37.A.unpleasantB.mdestC.significantD.psitive
38.A.lwerB.higherC.shrterD.lnger
39.A.in additinB.as a resultC.fr exampleD.in ne wrd
40.A.turned upB.tk upC.put upD.gave up
41.A.satisfactinB.uncertaintiesC.attentinD.respnses
42.A.MreverB.HweverC.OtherwiseD.Nevertheless
43.A.guiltyB.similarC.differentD.prper
44.A.realizeB.ObserveC.measureD.weaken
45.A.unlikelyB.rderlyC.jealusD.Capable
Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
Fr the cuntry that invented railways, Britain has shwn remarkably little interest in them lately. New netwrks have been built arund Eurpe in the past few decades, but the nly significant stretch f 46. laid in Britain in a century is the 67-mile HS1 railway that links Lndn t the Channel Tunnel. 47. , the cuntry has half as much track as it had in 1963. Yet while Britain has an almst American 48. t invest in railways, its cmmuting patterns are Eurpean; 10% f jurneys are by rail, cmpared with 9% in Germany and less than 1% in America.
Britain's big 49. is that, because it has built n new high-speed lines, it runs fast intercity trains n the same track as slw cmmuter nes. Lng 50. have t be left between slw and express trains. The need t make way fr high-speed trains thus 51. the number f cmmuter services, and vice versa.
Eight years ag, the gvernment decided t change this by building a new 345-mile railway frm Lndn t the nrth f England. Thugh branded as High Speed 2, its principal jb was t bst capacity rather than 52. .
Rail is an increasingly significant part f the transprt mix. Climate change is making carbn-efficiency even mre imprtant. At the same time, passenger numbers have gne beynd 53. . The gvernment had expected passenger vlumes t increase by 17%- 21% in the decade frm 2011; actually, they were up by 24% within just seven years and are expected t g n 54. at a similar rate.
The benefit-t-cst rati (BCR) calculated fr HS2, at arund ne, is hardly acknwledged. But just as the csts f big transprt prjects are ften 55. , s are their lng-term benefits. The extensin t Lndn's Jubilee tube line, 56. , was apprved with a BCR f less than ne, but recent analysis suggests that it has been mre like 1.75. And that includes nly the prfits that g directly t the railway, nt the 57. cnsequences f the recvery f Lndn's Dcklands area, which the tube line made pssible.
The main pint f HS2, similarly, is its impact n the cities and twns alng its 58. and beynd. Bris Jhnsn, the prime minister, is n a missin t bst grwth in nrthern and western areas 59. by the cuntry's Lndn-centred pattern f grwth. On its wn HS2 wn't make that happen, but ding s withut a new railway wuld be 60. . The success f the "Nrthern Pwerhuse" rail scheme, t link the nrth's big twns, depends n it.
46.A.landB.trackC.highwayD.water
47.A.BesidesB.IndeedC.FrtunatelyD.Likewise
48.A.qualificatinB.eagernessC.reluctanceD.ptential
49.A.theryB.ambitinC.prblemD.slutin
50.A.gapsB.listsC.linesD.days
51.A.highlightsB.increasesC.cuntsD.limits
52.A.speedB.lengthC.quantityD.quality
53.A.recrdsB.frecastsC.averagesD.scpes
54.A.varyingB.decliningC.grwingD.remaining
55.A.sharedB.underestimatedC.verlkedD.realized
56.A.fr instanceB.as a result
C.in additinD.ut f prblem
57.A.pliticalB.culturalC.ecnmicD.histric
58.A.backB.brderC.surfaceD.rute
59.A.settled dwnB.put frwardC.taken verD.left behind
60.A.tughB.flexibleC.innvativeD.vacant
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Fr thusands f years, peple have knwn that the best way t understand a cncept is t explain it t thers. "While we teach, we 61. , "said Rman philspher Seneca. Nw scientists are bringing this ancient wisdm up-t-date. They're 62. why teaching is such a fruitful way t learn.
Researchers have fund that students wh teach thers wrk harder t 63. the material, and apply it mre 64. . Student teachers scre higher n tests than pupils wh're learning nly fr themselves. But hw can children, 65. learning themselves, teach thers? One answer: They can teach yunger kids. Sme studies have fund that first-brn children are mre 66. than their later-brn siblings (兄弟姐妹). This suggests their higher IQs result frm the time they spend teaching their siblings.
Nw educatrs are experimenting with ways t 67. this mdel t schlwrk. They engage cllege undergraduates t teach cmputer science t high schl students, wh then 68. instruct middle schl students n the tpic. But the mst cutting-edge tl is the "teachable agent"—a cmputerized character wh learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questins just like a real-wrld 69. . Cmputer scientists have created an animated (动画的)figure called Betty's Brain, wh has been "taught" abut science by middle schl students. Student teachers are mtivated t help Betty 70. certain materials. While preparing t teach, they rganize their knwledge and imprve their understanding. And as they explain the infrmatin t it, they identify prblems in their wn 71. .
Feedback frm the teachable agent 72. imprves the teachers' learning. The agents' questins drive student teachers t think and explain the materials in different 73. , and watching the agent slve prblems allws the emtins ne experiences int actin. 74. , it's the emtins ne experiences in teaching that help learning. Student teachers feel 75. when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these pupils succeed as they gain pride and satisfactin frm smene else's achievement.
61.A.learnB.dubtC.grwD.practice
62.A.valuingB.prvingC.questiningD.assuming
63.A.prepareB.PreserveC.exchangeD.understand
64.A.fficiallyB.effectivelyC.fluentlyD.carefully
65.A.stillB.evenC.thughD.nce
66.A.curiusB.energeticC.independentD.academic
67.A.addB.applyC.fferD.shw
68.A.as wellB.at nceC.in turnD.f curse
69.A.teacherB.parentC.siblingD.pupil
70.A.arrangeB.markC.masterD.link
71.A.thinkingB.readingC.inspiratinD.guidance
72.A.shrtlyB.hardlyC.ratherD.further
73.A.waysB.casesC.placesD.rders
74.A.In allB.After allC.Abve allD.Fr all
75.A.satisfiedB.sickC.pleasedD.upset
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Yu may have nticed sme changes in yur grandparents. As they get ld, they start 76. things. And the lder they get, the 77. things they will frget. Fr example, they may nt be able t 78. where they left their glasses, r they may frget the names f their clse friends. If yu dn't want t 79. memries very early, put dwn yur sandwiches. A new study published in a science magazine shws that cutting calries can 80. peple's (especially the ld peple's) memry.
Calrie restrictin (热量限制) let lab animals live lnger. And these 81. animals seemed t be 82. . But it wasn't clear 83. it was the same with peple.
In the latest 84. , scientists asked 50 elderly wmen t 85. the number f calries they cnsumed (吃,喝) by a third. After three mnths, the 86. fund that the wmen were nt nly 87. , but they were better than they had been at 88. wrds — they remembered mre wrds than ever, which suggested that keeping calries under 89. culd help keep the brain 90. .
In a wrd, the less yu eat, the mre yu will remember.
76.A.missingB.understandingC.frgettingD.lving
77.A.lessB.mreC.fartherD.deeper
78.A.rememberB.leaveC.findD.believe
79.A.getB.clseC.practiceD.lse
80.A.reduceB.imprveC.testD.damage
81.A.littleB.happyC.dangerusD.hungry
82.A.healthierB.weakerC.higherD.better
83.A.whatB.whyC.whetherD.hw
84.A.magazineB.matchC.studyD.exercise
85.A.putB.cutC.increaseD.take
86.A.researchersB.farmersC.teachersD.pstmen
87.A.fatterB.higherC.shrterD.thinner
88.A.writingB.memrizingC.recgnizingD.drawing
89.A.cntrlB.limitC.reductinD.repair
90.A.weakB.tiredC.fitD.hard
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Rckets were prbably invented by accident abut 2000 years ag. The Chinese had a frm f gunpwder which was put in bamb tubes and thrwn int fires t make 91. ·during festivals. Perhaps sme f the tubes jumped ut f the fire instead f explding in it. The Chinese discvered that the gunpwder 92. frm the tube culd lift it int the air. The idea f the rcket was 93. .
The first 94. use f rckets was in 1232. The Sng Dynasty was at war with the Mngls. During the 95. f Kaifeng, the Sng army 96. "arrws f flying fire". The tubes were 97. t a lng stick which helped keep the rcket mving in a straight directin. 98. the Mngls learned hw t make rckets themselves and it is pssible that they 99. them t Eurpe. Between the 13th and 15th century there were many rcket 100. in England, France and Italy. They were used fr military purpses. One Italian scientist even invented a rcket which culd travel ver the surface f water and hit a(an) 101. ship.
Nt everybdy wanted t use rckets in battles. Wan Hu, a Chinese gvernment fficial, invented a 102. chair. He fixed tw big kites t the chair, and 47 rckets t the kites. The rckets were lit, there was a huge explsin and 103. f thick smke. When the smke 104. Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared, n ne knws what happened. Did Wan Hu die in the explsin? Or was he carried miles int space, becming the wrld's first 105. ?
91.A.cuisinesB.decratinsC.explsinsD.differences
92.A.flyingB.escapingC.firingD.ging
93.A.brnB.burstC.fundD.imprved
94.A.pliticalB.fficialC.militaryD.scientific
95.A.ccupatinB.attackC.searchD.battle
96.A.sentB.shtC.drveD.set
97.A.tiedB.shakenC.wrappedD.blwn
98.A.FinallyB.SuddenlyC.SnD.Thus
99.A.deliveredB.threwC.passedD.intrduced
100.A.transfrmatinsB.perfrmances
C.experimentsD.exhibitins
101.A.businessB.fficialC.transprtatinD.enemy
102.A.flyingB.divingC.surfingD.blwing
103.A.packsB.cludsC.massesD.piles
104.A.fadedB.cmpletedC.liftedD.reflected
105.A.scientistB.researcherC.astrnautD.explrer
完形填空
Next week, as millins f families gather fr their Thanksgiving feasts(大餐), many ther Americans will g withut. Accrding t the United States Department f Agriculture, mre than 12 millin husehlds 106. enugh fd fr everyne in their family at sme time during the year — including 107. .
Hunger is surprisingly widespread in ur cuntry — ne f the wrld's wealthiest — yet the gvernment estimates that we waste almst 100 billin punds f fd each year, mre than ne-quarter f ur ttal supply.
Reducing this imprper distributin f 108. is a gal f America's Secnd Harvest, the natin's largest dmestic hunger-relief rganizatin. Last year, it 109. nearly 2 billin punds f fd t mre than 23 millin peple in need.
America's Secnd Harvest is a netwrk f 214 inter-cnnected fd banks and ther rganizatins that 110. fd frm grwers, prcessrs, grcery stres and restaurants. 111. , the netwrk distributes fd t sme 50,000 sup kitchens (施食处), hmeless 112. and ld peple's centers in every cunty f every state.
A great deal f wrk is invlved in distributing tns f fd frm thusands f 113. t thusands f small, nn-prfit rganizatins. Until a few years ag, America's Secnd Harvest lacked any 114. way t manage their inventry (存货). Withut accurate and timely infrmatin, sup kitchens were smetimes empty while fd was left t 115. in lading places.
In 2000, America's Secnd Harvest began t use a new inventry and financial-management system — Ceres. It is a 116. designed specifically fr hunger-relief peratins. It is used by mre than 100 America's Secnd Harvest rganizatins t 117. fd frm dnatin t distributin.
Ceres has helped 118. the spiling f fd and imprve distributin. An evaluatin fund that the sftware streamlined (精简) fd banks' peratins by 23 percent in the first year alne.
With mre accurate and timely reprts, Ceres saves time, frees staff members t fcus n finding new dnrs, and 119. mre efficient use f dnatins.
Hunger in America remains a(n) 120. scial prblem. Technlgy alne cannt slve it. But in the hands f rganizatins such as America's Secnd Harvest, it is a pwerful tl that is helping t make a difference — and helping mre Americans t jin in the feast.
106.A.serveB.lackC.reserveD.rder
107.A.wrkdaysB.birthdaysC.hlidaysD.paydays
108.A.resurcesB.incmesC.missinsD.services
109.A.expsedB.intrducedC.distributedD.addicted
110.A.harvestB.prepareC.recmmendD.gather
111.A.Fr exampleB.In cntrastC.Abve allD.In turn
112.A.backyardsB.sheltersC.garagesD.cabins
113.A.dnrsB.survivrsC.farmersD.victims
114.A.innvativeB.impressiveC.effectiveD.prductive
115.A.grwB.recycleC.spilD.stir
116.A.theryB.actinC.remedyD.sftware
117.A.advertiseB.relieveC.trackD.migrate
118.A.prduceB.reduceC.shiftD.simplify
119.A.prmisesB.ceasesC.admitsD.lcates
120.A.trublingB.demandingC.tuchingD.impsing
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Children knw the difference between right and wrng befre they reach the age f tw, accrding t new research 121. recently.
Scientists have 122. that babies aged between 19 and 21 mnths understand fairness and can 123. it in different situatins. They say it is the first time that having a 124. f fairness has been identified in children at such a yung 125. .
Researchers say babies will watch a 126. fr lnger if they think it cntains smething unfair, s in tw experiments the babies were 127. n hw lng they watched a live scenari(情景)abut fairness.
In the first, 19-mnth-lds 128. tw giraffe puppets(玩偶) given either a ty each r bth tys t ne f the giraffes. Lnger lking times 129. that smething was unusual r 130. t the baby. In this experiment, three-quarters f the babies lked lnger when ne giraffe gt 131. tys.
In a secnd experiment, tw wmen 132. each ther with a pile f small 133. between them and an empty plastic bx in frnt f each f them In ne scenari, ne wman 134. put the tys away, while the ther kept playing, but bth wmen were given 135. . In anther scenari, bth wmen put the tys away and bth gt a reward. The 136. 21-mnth-ld babies lked reliably 137. when the wrker and the slacker(偷懒的人) were rewarded equally.
Psychlgist Stephanie Slane, wh led the study at Illinis University, said:" We discvered that 19 and 21-mnth-ld babies have a general 138. f faimess, and they can apply it 139. t different situatins. "
The 140. appear in Psychlgical Science, a jurnal published by the Assciatin fr Psychlgical Science.
121.A.cnductedB.reviewedC.publishedD.prcessed
122.A.hpedB.fundC.warnedD.agreed
123.A.applyB.feelC.prveD.access
124.A.rangeB.matterC.senseD.cmbinatin
125.A.lifeB.marketC.ageD.class
126.A.perfrmanceB.tapeC.sceneD.play
127.A.timedB.testedC.educatedD.placed
128.A.receivedB.includedC.tkD.saw
129.A.recmmendedB.ntedC.statedD.indicated
130.A.uniqueB.unexpectedC.difficultD.unknwn
131.A.severalB.therC.bthD.n
132.A.facedB.helpedC.treatedD.tuched
133.A.bksB.stnesC.clthesD.tys
134.A.dutifullyB.simplyC.quicklyD.eventually
135.A.instructinsB.ptinsC.creditsD.rewards
136.A.grwingB.watchingC.cryingD.sleeping
137.A.fartherB.lngerC.clserD.deeper
138.A.patternB.descriptinC.expectatinD.explanatin
139.A.directlyB.earlyC.creativelyD.apprpriately
140.A.limitatinsB.requirementsC.theriesD.findings
Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
I've been fascinated by happiness mst f my life. When I was a small by, I nticed that thugh many f the adults arund me were wealthy and educated, they were nt always happy and this smetimes led them t behave in ways which l, as a child, thught strange. 141. , I decided t understand what happiness was and hw best t achieve it. It was nt surprising, then, that I decided t study 142. .
On arrival at the University f Chicag fifty years ag, I was 143. t find that academic psychlgists were trying t understand human behavir by studying rats in a labratry. I felt that there must be ther mre useful ways f learning hw we think and feel. Althugh my riginal aim had been t achieve happiness fr myself, I became mre 144. _. I decided t build my career n trying t discver what made thers happy als. I 145. by studying creative peple such as musicians, artists and athletes because they were peple wh devted their lives t ding what they wanted t d, 146. things that just brught them financial rewards.
Later, I 147. the study by inventing a system called" the experience sampling methd". Ordinary peple were asked t keep an electrnic pager fr a week which gave ut a beeping sund eight times a day. Every time it did s, they 148. _where they were, what they were ding, hw they felt and hw much they were cncentrating. This system has nw been used n mre than 10,000 peple and the answers are 149. as with creative peple, rdinary peple are happiest when cncentrating hard.
After carrying ut thirty years f research and writing eighteen bks, I believe I have 150. _that happiness is quite different frm what mst peple imagine. Peple need mre than just wealth and cmfrt in rder t lead happy lives. I fund that the mst bvius cause f happiness is intense 151. _. This must be the main reasn why activities such as music, art, literature and sprts have survived. In rder t stay fcused, whether yu're reading a pem r building a sandcastle, what yu need is a challenge that 152. yur ability. The way t remain cntinually 153. therefre, is t keep finding new pprtunities t imprve yur skills. This may mean learning t d yur jb better r faster, r ding ther mre difficult jbs. As yu grw lder yu have t find new challenges, which are mre apprpriate t yur age.
I have spent my life studying happiness and nw, as I lk back, I wnder if I have 154. it. Overall, I think I have and my belief that l have fund the 155. t its secret has increased my happiness immeasurably.
141.A.On the whleB.As a result
C.T sme degreeD.In the meantime
142.A.physilgyB.actingC.medicineD.psychlgy
143.A.disappintedB.amazedC.relievedD.annyed
144.A.sympatheticB.ambitiusC.idealisticD.dubtful
145.A.tk ffB.std upC.started utD.brke thrugh
146.A.nt t mentinB.as well asC.rather thanD.in favr f
147.A.expandedB.interpretedC.defendedD.evaluated
148.A.made upB.bjected tC.depended nD.nted dwn
149.A.cnsistentB.ambiguusC.cmmnD.ridiculus
150.A.impliedB.prvedC.prmisedD.questined
151.A.awarenessB.pressureC.cncentratinD.desire
152.A.affrdsB.bservesC.underratesD.matches
153.A.cautiusB.healthyC.riginalD.happy
154.A.achievedB.deservedC.cnsideredD.struck
155.A.referencesB.extensinsC.keysD.links
答案解析部分
【答案】1.D;2.B;3.C;4.A;5.B;6.C;7.D;8.D;9.A;10.B;11.C;12.D;13.C;14.B;15.A
【知识点】科普环保类;说明文;其他类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了不同节奏和音量大小不同的音乐对我们的心率、乃至生命有很大影响。
【点评】考查完形填空。答题时首先要跳过空格,通读文章掌握大意。然后细读文章,字斟句酌逐一作答,注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
1.句意:根据这一经验,我们可以得出这样的结论:响亮而快速的音乐能加快心率。A. btains获得;B. evaluates评价;C. measures测量;D. increases增加。根据上文"Have yu experienced a cnditin when listening t a very lud music makes yur heartbeat s fast that yu can actually feel the heavy beating?(你是否经历过这样的情况:听非常大声的音乐会让你的心跳非常快,以至于你能真切地感受到沉重的搏动?)"可知,快速而大声的音乐会加快心率。故选D。
2.句意:因此,当我们听声音大、速度快的音乐时,我们会感到高度焦虑和压力。A. nature自然;B. anxiety焦虑;C. respect尊重;D. security安全。根据下文"and stress"可知,声音大、速度快的音乐令人感到高度焦虑和压力。故选B。
3.句意:相反,轻柔的音乐与较慢的心率有关。A. integrated合并;B. changed改变;C. linked连接;D. marked标记。根据下文"t a slwer heart rate"可知,轻柔的音乐与较慢的心率有关,短语be linked t表示"与……有关"。故选C。
4.句意:与那些听声音大、节奏快的音乐或根本不听音乐的人相比,听轻松音乐的人心率较慢。A. cmpared比较;B. adapted改编;C. expsed接触;D. ppsed反对。根据下文"t thse listening t lud and fast music, r thse nt listening t music at all"可知,此处将听轻松音乐的人和那些听声音大、节奏快的音乐或根本不听音乐的人进行比较。故选A。
5.句意:实验发现,音乐对心脏的影响基于大脑的功能。A. style风格;B. effect影响;C. fantasy幻想;D. beauty美丽。根据下文"f music n the heart"以及上文提到音乐快慢与心率有关可知,音乐对心脏有影响。故选B。
6.句意:当我们听到音乐时,声波被大脑转化为电脉冲。A. structure结构;B. music音乐;C. brain大脑;D. equipment装备。根据上文"n the functining f the brain"可知,此处是在说明听音乐时,声波被大脑转化为电脉冲。故选C。
7.句意:那么,是不是只有轻柔的音乐才能产生这种效果呢?A. nrmal正常的;B. flk传统的;C. mdern现代的;D. sft柔软的。根据下文"Well, listening t sft r relaxing music"可知,此处指轻柔的音乐。故选D。
8.句意:嗯,听柔和或放松的音乐肯定更有益。A. abnrmal反常的;B. unbearable难以忍受的;C. unfrgettable难忘的;D. beneficial有益的。根据上文可知,听柔和的音乐可以减慢心率,即更有益。故选D。
9.句意:然而,听你喜欢的任何类型的音乐都是有帮助的,而不是什么音乐都不听。A. helpful有帮助的;B. jyful快乐的;C. grateful感谢的;D. dubtful怀疑的。上文hwever表示转折,根据下文"rather than nt listening t any music at all"可知,这里指听你喜欢的任何类型的音乐都是有帮助的,而不是什么音乐都不听。故选A。
10.句意:类似地,心率较快的人患心血管疾病的风险也更大。A. Interestingly有趣地;B. Similarly相似地;C. Abslutely绝对;D. Unbelievably难以置信地。根据上文"It is believed that peple wh have a slwer heart rate have a lnger life. (人们认为心率较慢的人寿命更长)"可知,心率较慢的人寿命更长,类似地,心率较快的人患心血管疾病的风险也更大。故选B。
11.句意:类似地,心率较快的人患心血管疾病的风险也更大。A. limit限制;B. cmpetitin比赛;C. risk风险;D. fame名誉。根据下文"f suffering frm cardivascular diseases"可知,此处指患心血管疾病的风险。故选C。
12.句意:当音乐减慢心率时,它会带来一种平静的感觉。A. temperature温度;B. medicine药物;C. dance舞蹈;D. music音乐。根据上文可知,全文都在说明慢速音乐对心脏的影响,此处指当音乐减慢心率时,它会带来一种平静的感觉。故选D。
13.句意:当音乐减慢心率时,它会带来一种平静的感觉。A. selflessness无私;B. helplessness无助;C. calmness平静;D. sadness悲伤。根据上文"slws dwn the heart rate, it brings abut a feeling f"可知,音乐减慢心率时会带来一种平静的感觉。故选C。
14.句意:因此,它被用作一种放松技巧。A. learning学习;B. relaxatin放松;C. permissin允许;D. cperatin合作。根据上文"Well, listening t sft r relaxing music"可知,慢速音乐可以是一种放松技巧。故选B。
15.句意:我们可以这样总结:"音乐治愈心灵"这句话不仅仅是一句谚语,而是一个事实!A. fact事实;B. resurce资源;C. advice建议;D. intentin意图。上文通过科学研究证实了"音乐治愈心灵"这句话,所以这句话不仅仅是一句谚语,而是一个事实。故选A。
【答案】16.A;17.D;18.C;19.B;20.D;21.A;22.C;23.B;24.D;25.C;26.B;27.A;28.C;29.D;30.B
【知识点】人物故事类;科普环保类;记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是11岁女生Gitanjali Ra研发出一款免费程序,可以灵敏探测水中的铅含量,赢得少年科学家挑战赛一等奖的故事。
【点评】考查完形填空。答题时首先要跳过空格,通读文章掌握大意。然后细读文章,字斟句酌逐一作答,注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
16.句意:上个月,她因其发明创造赢得了少年科学家奖。A. earned 赢得;B. designed 设计;C. ffered 提供;D.made 制作。由上文的"her scientific spirit makes a huge difference"和后文 "award ceremny",可知她的发明获得了奖励,所以是赢得奖项,故选A。
17.句意:激发 Gitanjali 工作的缘由是城市面临水中含有过量铅的危机。A. expsed 暴露,显示;B. imprved 提升;C. defined 定义;D. inspired 激发,启示。从后文的"the idea",可知此处强调发明创造的缘由,故选D。
18.句意:直到我看到父母尝试去做水质测试,我才想到这个主意。A. stick 坚持;B. belng 属于;C. ccur 出现,发生;D. apply 适用于。ccur t sb是固定短语,意"某人突然想起……",故选C。
19.句意:测试条可能显示不准确的结果,因此不可靠。A. simple 简单的;B. reliable 可靠的;C. predictable 可预测的;D. creative 有创意的。根据上文中的"inaccurate",可知结构不可靠,故选B。
20.句意:她随后坚持不懈地寻找合适的材料,终于发现碳纳米管可以被用来探测化学物质。A. initially 最初地;B. immediately 立刻地;C. temprarily 暂时地;D. eventually 最终地。根据上文中的"with cntinued effrts",可知过程并不容易,故选D。
21.句意:她设法在学校使用 3D 打印机建造了一个小蓝箱,里面有计算机芯片和电池。A. managed 设法做成;B. prmised 承诺;C. pretended 假装;D. happened 碰巧。根据文意,此处介绍发明的具体形式,经过努力,最终"设法manage"完成了设计,故选A。
22.句意:在电脑科学老师的指导下,她设计了一款免费 的程序。A. bservatin 观察;B. cmmand 命令;C. instructin 指导;D. cntrl 控制。根据下一段中的"Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer",可知她的科学项目是在老师的指导下完成的,故选 C。
23.句意:这款程序可以给出瞬时的结果,并传送数据到相连接的手机上。A. access 通道;B. results 结果;C. decisins 决定;D. apprval 同意。根据文意和此空后面的data可知,本句介绍程序的具体使用方法,此处指测试的数据结果,故选B。
24.句意:然而,设计项目的过程并不总是顺利的。A. ptinal 选择性的;B. cmplete 完整的;C. cntinuus 持续的;D. smth 顺利的。根据下文内容可知,老师的指导和父母的鼓励给她提供了支持,同时 "thugh"表示转折,强调过程的不"顺利smth",故选D。
25.句意:Kathleen Shafer,与她组队担任她暑期教师的科学家,全程帮助了她。A .changed 改变;B. risked 冒险;C. helped 帮助;D. fllwed 跟随。根据上文"under instructin frm her cmputer science teacher",可知老师给了她很大的帮助,此处选 C。
26.句意:在颁奖典礼上,她也感谢了父母亲不断的支持。A. stresses 给……压力;B. credits 把……归功于;C. impresses 使……印象深刻;D. prvides 为……提供。上句话提到老师的帮助,此处是多亏了家长的的支持,故选B。
27.句意:她感谢父母持续的鼓励,去尝试"疯狂的想法"。A. encuragement 鼓励;B. request 请求;C. struggle 挣扎;D. pressure 压力。与空格前的"supprt支持"可以并列的只有选项中的"encuragement鼓励",故选 A。
28.句意:她获得了奖金去进一步研发程序,同时获得了赢得比赛的荣誉。A. frtune 运气;B. intentin 意图;C. hnr 荣誉;D. ptential 潜力。根据空格后" winning the cntest赢得比赛,这是一项"荣誉hnr,故选C。
29.句意:Shafer对她高度赞扬。A. keeps up with 与…… 齐头并进;B. gets alng with 与……相处融洽;C. takes care f 照顾;D. speaks highly f 高度赞扬。根据下文的"she shws a lt f mtivatin她表现得很有动力",可知 Shafer对Gitanjali评价很高,故选D。
30.句意:她展示出了极大的动力去通过科学的方式解决实际的问题。A. cmmercial 商业的;B. practical 实际的;C. academic 学术的;D. systematic 系统的。根据上文, Gitanjali 运用科学知识解决的是自己生活中饮用水铅元素超标的实际检测问题,故选B。
【答案】31.B;32.C;33.D;34.A;35.A;36.B;37.A;38.A;39.C;40.A;41.B;42.A;43.B;44.D;45.A
【知识点】科普环保类;说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,研究人员发现咖啡这种饮料或咖啡豆有助于减肥,降低患某些疾病的风险,促进肌肉生长,预防某些类型的癌症,甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险,还有许多其他好处。同时文章说明了这项研究的过程以及研究结果,然而这项研究的作者警告说研究仍有许多不确定性。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
31.句意:研究人员已经发现证据表明,这种饮料或豆类有助于减肥,减少患某些疾病的风险,促进肌肉生长,预防某些类型的癌症,甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险,还有许多其他好处。A. take"带走";B. reduce"减少";C. increase"增加";D. face"面对"。根据空后"prmte muscle grwth, prtect against certain types f cancers and can even reduce ne's risk f premature death"可知,此处讲述咖啡饮料的优点,故此处指减少患某些疾病的风险。故选B。
32.句意:研究人员已经发现证据表明,这种饮料或豆类有助于减肥,降低患某些疾病的风险,促进肌肉生长,预防某些类型的癌症,甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险,还有许多其他好处。A. trends"趋势";B. advice"建议";C. benefits"好处";D. prmtins"升职"。根据空前"prmte muscle grwth, prtect against certain types f cancers and can even reduce ne's risk f premature death"讲述咖啡饮料的优点可知,这些都是这种饮料的优点好处,故选C。
33.句意:现在据说一杯咖啡可以减轻身体的疼痛。A. milk"牛奶";B. water"水";C. cke"可乐";D. cffee"咖啡"。根据上文"Scientists in Nrway have sme gd news fr cffee drinkers."可知此处说的是咖啡。故选D。
34.句意:这一惊人的发现是基于一项涉及48名志愿者的研究,他们同意花90分钟执行电脑任务来完成办公室工作。A. based n"基于";B. fnd f"喜欢";C. different frm"不同于";D. regarded as"被认为是"。根据空后"a study invlving 48 vlunteers wh agreed t spend 90 minutes perfrming cmputer tasks meant t finish ffice wrk."可知此处指这项发现是基于一项研究。故选A。
35.句意:这些任务会造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。A. cause"造成";B. indicate"表明";C. ease"缓解";D. relieve"解除"。结合常识和空后"pain in the shulders, neck, frearms and wrists"可知这些任务会造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。故选A。
36.句意:研究人员想要比较有疼痛感的人和那些没有疼痛感的人是如何忍受这类任务的疼痛的。A. warn"警告";B. cmpare"比较";C. cure"治愈";D. treat"对待"。根据空后"hw peple with pain and thse wh were pain-free tlerated the pain f such tasks"可知,研究人员比较了有疼痛感的人和那些没有疼痛感的人。故选B。
37.句意:为了方便起见,科学家们允许人们在测试前喝咖啡,"以避免咖啡因缺乏的不良影响,如活力下降、嗜睡和疲惫。"A. unpleasant"不愉快的";B. mdest"谦虚的";C. significant"意义重大的";D. psitive"积极的"。根据空后"decreased vigr, sleepiness, and exhaustin"可知活力下降、嗜睡和疲惫都是不良影响。unpleasant effects"不良影响"。故选A。
38.句意:到了分析数据时,来自挪威国家职业健康研究所和奥斯陆大学医院的研究人员注意到,喝咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度低于不喝咖啡的29名受试者。A. lwer"更低的";B. higher"更高的";C. shrter"更短的";D. lnger"更长的"。根据下文"average pain was rated 41 (n a 100-pint scale) amng the cffee drinkers and 55 fr the nn-cffee drinkers"可知喝咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度低于不喝咖啡的29名受试者。故选A。
39.句意:例如,在肩部和颈部,喝咖啡的人的平均疼痛程度为41分(满分100分),而不喝咖啡的人为55分。A. in additin"此外";B. as a result"结果";C. fr example"例如";D. in ne wrd"总之"。根据上文"pain in the shulders, neck, frearms and wrists."可知测试的身体部位有肩膀、脖子等,此处列举了肩部和颈部作为例子,故选C。
40.句意:在所有测量的痛觉部位都发现了类似的差异,结果发现咖啡有明显的止痛效果。A. turned up"出现";B. tk up"接受,占据";C. put up"举起,张贴";D. gave up"放弃"。根据空前"Similar gaps were fund fr all pain sites measured,"可知测试中都表现出了咖啡的止痛效果,故选A。
41.句意:然而,本周发表在BMC Research Ntes杂志上的这项研究的作者警告说,这项研究的结果存在许多不确定性。A. preparatins"准备";B. uncertainties"不确定性";C. centers"中心";D. respnses"响应"。根据下文"Fr starters, the researchers dn't knw hw much cffee the cffee drinkers cnsumed befre taking the cmputer tests."可知研究人员不知道喝咖啡的人在接受电脑测试前喝了多少咖啡,故这项研究的结果存在许多不确定性。故选B。
42.句意:此外,他们怀疑喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外,其他各方面是否相似。A. Mrever"此外";B. Hwever"然而";C. Otherwise"否则";D. Nevertheless"然而"。根据上文"Fr starters, the researchers dn't knw hw much cffee the cffee drinkers cnsumed befre taking the cmputer tests."表示进一步说明,故选A。
43.句意:此外,他们怀疑喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外,其他各方面是否相似。A. guilty"内疚的";B. similar"相似的";C. different"不同的";D. prper"适当的"。根据空后"in all aspects except fr their cffee cnsumptin"可知,喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外,其他各方面是否相似对研究结果也会有影响。故选B。
44.句意:这类问题往往会削弱研究结果的重要性。A. realize"意识到";B. bserve"观察";C. measure"测量";D. weaken"削弱"。根据空前"Prblems like these tend t"和空后"the imprtance f the findings"可知这些类似的问题往往会削弱研究结果的可信度,故选D。
45.句意:但这些疑虑不太可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少日常咖啡因习惯的咖啡饮用者。A. unlikely"不可能的";B. rderly"有序的";C. jealus"嫉妒的";D. capable"有能力的"。根据空后"truble the cffee drinkers lking fr any reasn nt t cut back n their daily caffeine habit"可知这些疑虑不太可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少日常咖啡因习惯的咖啡饮用者。故选A。
【答案】46.B;47.B;48.A;49.C;50.A;51.D;52.A;53.B;54.C;55.B;56.A;57.C;58.D;59.D;60.A
【知识点】科普环保类;说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,解释了英国为什么要实施HS2计划的原因。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
46.句意:在过去的几十年里,欧洲各地都修建了新的铁路网络,但英国在一个世纪里铺设的唯一一段重要的铁轨是连接伦敦和英吉利海峡隧道的67英里长的HS1铁路。A. land"陆地";B. track"轨道";C. highway"公路";D. water"水"。根据空后"the 67-mile HS1 railway"可知此处指英国在一个世纪里铺设的唯一一段重要的铁轨是连接伦敦和英吉利海峡隧道的67英里长的HS1铁路。故选B。
47.句意:事实上,这个国家现在的铁轨只有1963年的一半。A. Besides"此外";B. Indeed|"确实,事实上";C. Frtunately"幸运地";D. Likewise"同样地"。根据空后"the cuntry has half as much track as it had in 1963"是在陈述英国铁轨长度的事实。故选B。
48.句意:然而,尽管英国像美国人一样不愿投资铁路,但其通勤模式却是欧洲人的:10%的出行是乘火车,相比之下,德国是9%,美国是不到1%。A. qualificatin"资格";B. eagerness"渴望";C. reluctance"不情愿";D. ptential"潜能"。根据上文"the cuntry has half as much track as it had in 1963"可知英国现在的铁轨只有1963年的一半,说明不愿意投资铁路建设。故选C。
49.句意:英国的大问题是,由于没有修建新的高速铁路,它在高速城际列车和慢速通勤列车的同一轨道上运行。A. thery"理论";B. ambitin"抱负";C. prblem"问题";D. slutin"解决方案"。根据空后"it runs fast intercity trains n the same track as slw cmmuter nes"是在描述英国铁路的问题。故选C。
50.句意:慢车和快车之间必须有很长的间隔。A. gaps"缺口,间隔";B. lists"清单";C. lines"队伍";D. perids"时期"。根据上文"it runs fast intercity trains n the same track as slw cmmuter nes"以及后文"The need t make way fr high-speed trains"可知,慢车和快车之间必须有很长的间隔。故选A。
51.句意:为高速列车让路的需要限制了通勤服务的数量,反之亦然。A. highlights"强调";B. increases"增加";C. cunts"计数";D. limits"限制"。根据空前"The need t make way fr high-speed trains"可知,为高速列车让路的需要限制了通勤服务的数量。故选D。
52.句意:尽管被冠以"高速2号"的称号,但它的主要工作是提高容量,而不是速度。A. speed"速度";B. length"长度";C. quantity"数量";D. quality"质量"。根据空前"its principal jb was t imprve capacity rather than"可知"高速2号"铁路的主要工作是提高容量,而不是速度。故选A。
53.句意:与此同时,乘客数量也超出了预期。A. recrds"记录";B. frecasts"预言";C. averages"平均";D. scpes"范围"。根据下文"The gvernment had expected passenger vlumes t increase by 17-21% in the decade frm 2011; actually, they were up by 24% within just seven years"可知乘客数量在增加,超出了预期。故选B。
54.句意:政府曾预计,在2011年之后的十年里,客运量将增长17到21%;实际上,在短短7年时间里,他们增长了24%,并预计将继续以类似的速度增长。A. varying"变化";B. declining"下降";C. grwing"成长";D. remaining"保持"。根据空前"The gvernment had expected passenger vlumes t increase by 17-21% in the decade frm 2011; actually, they were up by 24% within just seven years"可知乘客数量在增加,并且预计将继续以类似的速度增长。故选C。
55.句意:但是,正如大型运输项目的成本经常被低估一样,它们的长期利益也是如此。A. shared"分享";B. underestimated"低估";C. verlked"忽略";D. realized "认识到,实现"。根据空前"The benefit-t-cst rati (BCR) calculated fr HS2, at arund ne, is hardly acknwledged. But just as the csts f big transprt prjects are ften"可知,HS2的效益成本比率约为1,这几乎不为人知,说明成本经常被低估。故选B。
56.句意:例如,伦敦朱比里地铁线的扩建工程获得批准时,BCR低于1,但最近的分析显示,BCR更接近1.75。A. fr instance"例如";B. as a result"结果";C. in additin"此外";D. ut f prblem"毫无疑问"。此处是在就上文提到的大型运输项目长期利益被低估而进行举例,故选A。
57.句意:而且,这只包括直接流向铁路的利润,而不包括伦敦码头区复苏的经济后果,而这正是地铁线路所带来的。A. plitical"政治的";B. cultural"文化的";C. ecnmic"经济的";D. histric"历史的"。根据空后"cnsequences f the recvery f Lndn's Dcklands area"指地铁线路为伦敦码头区的经济带来复苏。故选C。
58.句意:同样,HS2项目的重点在于其对沿线及周边城镇的影响。A. back "后面,后背";B. brder"边界";C. surface"表面";D. rute"路线"。根据空前"twns alng its"指铁路沿线,应用rute。故选D。
59.句意:英国首相鲍里斯•约翰逊的使命是促进北部和西部地区的增长,这两个地区被英国以伦敦为中心的增长模式抛在了后面。A. settled dwn"定居";B. put frward"提出";C. taken ver"接管";D. left behind"遗留"。根据空前"Bris Jhnsn, the prime minister, is n a missin t prmte grwth in nrthern and western areas"可知,促进北部和西部地区是被英国以伦敦为中心的增长模式抛在后面的区域,故选D。
60.句意:HS2单靠自己无法实现这一点,但如果没有一条新的铁路,实现这一目标将会非常困难。A. tugh"艰难的";B. flexible"灵活的";C. innvative"革新的";D. vacant"空着的"。根据空前"On its wn HS2 wn't make that happen, but ding s withut a new railway wuld be"可知,HS2单靠自己无法实现这一点,但如果没有一条新的铁路,实现这一目标将会非常困难。故选A。
【答案】61.A;62.B;63.D;64.B;65.A;66.D;67.B;68.C;69.D;70.C;71.A;72.D;73.A;74.C;75.D
【知识点】科普环保类;说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,通过研究者的研究以及教育家的实验证明了教别人是一种有效的学习方式。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
61.句意:罗马哲学家塞内加说过:“我们一边教书,一边学习。”A. learn“学习”;B. dubt“怀疑”;C. grw“生长”;D. practice“练习”。根据上文“the best way t understand a cncept is t explain it t thers”可知,此处表示“我们一边教书,一边学习”。故选A。
62.句意:他们在证明为什么教学是一种卓有成效的学习方式。A. valuing“评价”;B. prving“证明”;C. questining“质疑”;D. assuming“假设”。根据上文“Nw scientists are bringing this ancient wisdm up-t-date”可知,他们在证明为什么教学是一种卓有成效的学习方式。故选B。
63.句意:研究人员发现,教别人的学生更努力地理解材料,并更有效地应用它。A. prepare“准备”;B. preserve“保存”;C. exchange“交换”;D. understand“理解”。根据上文“the best way t understand a cncept”和下文“the material”可知,句子表示“教别人的学生更努力地理解材料”。故选D。
64.句意:研究人员发现,教别人的学生更努力地理解材料,并更有效地应用它。A. fficially“官方地”;B. effectively“有效地”;C. fluently“流利地”;D. carefully“仔细地”。根据下文“Student teachers scre higher n tests than pupils wh're learning nly fr themselves”可知,教别人的学生更努力地理解材料,并更有效地应用它。故选B。
65.句意:但是,那些仍在学习的孩子怎么能教别人呢?A. still“仍然”;B. even“甚至”;C. thugh“然而”;D. nce“曾经”。根据空前“children”和空后“learning themselves”可知,句子表示“那些仍在学习的孩子怎么能教别人”。故选A。
66.句意:一些研究发现,头胎的孩子比后生的兄弟姐妹学习能力更强。A. curius“好奇的”;B. energetic“精力充沛的”;C. independent“独立的”;D. academic“善于学习的”。根据下文“This suggests their higher IQs result frm the time they spend teaching their siblings”可知,头胎的孩子比后生的兄弟姐妹学习能力更强。故选D。
67.句意:现在,教育家们正在试验将这种模式应用到学校作业中的方法。A. add“加”;B. apply“应用”;C. ffer“主动提供”;D. shw“展示”。根据空后“this mdel t schlwrk”可知,教育家们正在试验将这种模式应用到学校作业中的方法。故选B。
68.句意:他们聘请大学本科生向高中生教授计算机科学,高中生则转而指导中学生。A. as well“同样地”;B. at nce“立刻”;C. in turn“转而”;D. f curse“当然”。根据空前“teach cmputer science t high schl students”和空后“instruct middle schl students n the tpic”可知,他们聘请大学本科生向高中生教授计算机科学,高中生则转而指导中学生。故选C。
69.句意:但最先进的工具是可教的“代理”——一个计算机化的角色,它像现实世界的学生一样学习、尝试、犯错误并提出问题。A. teacher“老师”;B. parent“父母”;C. sibling“兄弟姊妹”;D. pupil“学生”。根据空前“a cmputerized character wh learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questins just like a real-wrld”可知,句子表示“它像现实世界的学生一样学习、尝试、犯错误并提出问题”。故选D。
70.句意:实习老师有动力帮助贝蒂掌握某些材料。A. arrange“安排”;B. mark“标记”;C. master“掌握”;D. link“连接”。根据上文“students wh teach thers wrk harder t 3 the material”和下文“certain materials”可知,句子表示“实习老师有动力帮助贝蒂掌握某些材料”。故选C。
71.句意:当他们向它解释信息时,他们发现了自己思维中的问题。A. thinking“思维”;B. reading“阅读”;C. inspiratin“灵感”;D. guidance“指引”。根据空前“they identify prblems in their wn”可知,句子表示“当他们向它解释信息时,他们发现了自己思维中的问题”。故选A。
72.句意:可教代理的反馈进一步提高了教师的学习效果。A. shrtly“立刻”;B. hardly“几乎不”;C. rather“相当”;D. further“进一步地”。根据空前“Feedback frm the teachable agent”和空后“imprves the teachers' learning”可知,句子表示“可教代理的反馈进一步提高了教师的学习效果”。故选D。
73.句意:代理的问题驱使学生教师以不同的方式思考和解释材料,观看代理解决问题可以让一个人的情感体验转化为行动。A. ways“方式”;B. cases“例子”;C. places“地方”;D. rders“命令”。根据空前“explain the materials in different”可知,句子表示“代理的问题驱使学生教师以不同的方式思考和解释材料”。故选A。
74.句意:首先,一个人在教学中经历的情绪有助于学习。A. In all“总共”;B. After all“毕竟”;C. Abve all“首先”;D. Fr all“对所有人来说”。根据空前“watching the agent slve prblems allws the emtins ne experiences int actin”可知,句子表示“首先,一个人在教学中经历的情绪有助于学习”。故选C。
75.句意:当他们的可教的学生失败时,实习老师会感到沮丧,但当这些学生成功时,他们会从别人的成就中获得骄傲和满足,他们会感到高兴。A. satisfied“满意的”;B. sick“生病的”;C. pleased“愉快的”;D. upset“沮丧的”。根据空后“when their teachable agents fail”可知,当他们的可教的学生失败时,实习老师会感到沮丧。故选D。
【答案】76.C;77.B;78.A;79.D;80.B;81.D;82.A;83.C;84.C;85.B;86.A;87.D;88.B;89.A;90.C
【知识点】科普环保类;说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,研究表明,控制饮食有助于保持良好的记忆力。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,主语从句,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
76.句意:随着年龄的增长,他们开始忘记事情。A:missing“丢失的”;B:understanding“理解人的”;C:frgetting“忘记”;D:lving“有爱心的”。 根据常识及语境可知,人老了就开始忘事情。故选C。
77.句意:他们年纪越大,忘记的事情就越多。A:less“更少的”;B:mre“更多的”;C:farther“更远的”;D:deeper “更深的”。根据常识可知年纪越大,忘记的事情就越多。故选B。
78.句意:例如,他们可能记不起眼镜落在哪里,或者他们可能忘记了密友的名字。A:remember“记住”;B:leave“离开”;C:find“发现”;D:believe“相信”。 此处是举的例子,"忘记了"即"想不起来",故选A。
79.句意:如果你不想很早失去记忆,就放下三明治。A:get“得到”;B:clse“关闭”;C:practice“练习”;D:lse“失去,丢失”。 "忘记了一些事情"相当于说"失去了一些记忆",故选D。
80.句意:一项发表在科学杂志上的新研究表明,减少热量可以提高人们(尤其是老年人)的记忆力。A:reduce“减少”;B:imprve“提高,改善”;C:test“测试”;D:damage“损害”。 根据下文可知,研究者发现,这些研究对象记住了比以前多的单词,也就是说,她们的记忆力提高了,即,限制热量的摄取有助于改善人们的记忆力。故选B。
81.句意:这些饥饿的动物似乎更健康。A:little“小的”;B:happy“高兴的”;C:dangerus“危险的”;D:hungry “饥饿的”。根据上文“ Calrie restrictin (热量限制) let lab animals live lnger. ”可知,研究者限制了这些动物的热量摄取,这会使它们产生饥饿感。故选D。
82.句意:这些饥饿的动物似乎更健康。A:healthier“更健康的”;B:weaker“更虚弱的”;C:higher“更高的”;D:better “更好的”。根据语境可知,此处指这些饥饿的动物似乎更健康,故选A。
83.句意:但目前还不清楚人们是否也如此。A:what“什么”;B:why“为什么”;C:whether“是否”;D:hw “怎样”。此处是whether引导的主语从句,故选C。
84.句意:在最新的研究中,科学家要求50名老年女性将她们消耗的热量减少三分之一。A:magazine“杂志”;B:match“比赛”;C:study“研究”;D:exercise“练习”。 根据下文可知,科学家们在进行研究。故选C。
85.句意:在最新的研究中,科学家要求50名老年女性将她们消耗的热量减少三分之一。A:put“放置”;B:cut“割,切”;C:increase“增加”;D:take “带走”。根据语境可知,科学家们让五十个老年妇女减少卡路里的摄入。故选B。
86.句意:三个月后,研究人员发现,这些女性不仅瘦了,而且在记忆单词方面也比以前更好——她们记住的单词比以往任何时候都多,这表明控制热量有助于保持大脑健康。A:researchers“研究者”;B:farmers“农民”;C:teachers“教师”;D:pstmen“邮递员”。根据上下文逻辑可知,此处应该填进行研究的人,即,研究者。故选A。
87.句意:三个月后,研究人员发现,这些女性不仅瘦了,而且在记忆单词方面也比以前更好——她们记住的单词比以往任何时候都多,这表明控制热量有助于保持大脑健康。A:fatter“更胖的”;B:higher“更高的”;C:shrter“更短的”;D:thinner“更瘦的”。 根据上文" asked 50 elderly wmen t 10 _the number f calries they cnsumed by a third. After three mnths, ..."可推知,减少热量的摄入,三个月后必然会变瘦。故选D。
88.句意:三个月后,研究人员发现,这些女性不仅瘦了,而且在记忆单词方面也比以前更好——她们记住的单词比以往任何时候都多,这表明控制热量有助于保持大脑健康。A:writing“写”;B:memrizing“记忆”;C:recgnizing“认识到”;D:drawing“绘画”。 根据空后"... they remembered mre wrds than ever."可知,她们更擅长记单词了。故选D。
89.句意:三个月后,研究人员发现,这些女性不仅瘦了,而且在记忆单词方面也比以前更好——她们记住的单词比以往任何时候都多,这表明控制热量有助于保持大脑健康。A:cntrl“控制”;B:limit“限制”;C:reductin“减少”;D:repair“修理” 。under cntrl固定短语,"被控制",故选A。
90.句意:三个月后,研究人员发现,这些女性不仅瘦了,而且在记忆单词方面也比以前更好——她们记住的单词比以往任何时候都多,这表明控制热量有助于保持大脑健康。A:weak“虚弱”;B:tired“累的”;C:fit“适合的”;D:hard “艰难的”。根据语境可知,全文都在讲控制热量摄入量可以帮助提高记忆力,也就是说控制热量摄取可以帮助保持大脑健康。故选C。
【答案】91.C;92.B;93.A;94.C;95.D;96.B;97.A;98.C;99.D;100.C;101.D;102.A;103.B;104.C;105.C
【知识点】科普环保类;说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了火箭的发明和传播过程。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
91.句意:中国人有一种装在竹筒里的火药,在节日期间被扔进火里去制造爆炸。A. cuisines“烹饪”;B. decratins“装饰”;C. explsins“爆炸”;D. differences“差异”。根据空前“The Chinese had a frm f gunpwder which was put in bamb tubes and thrwn int fires t…”和下文“Perhaps sme f the tubes jumped ut f the fire instead f explding in it.”可推知,把装了火药的竹筒扔进火里是为制造爆炸。故选C。
92.句意:中国人发现,从管子中逸出的火药可能会把它送到空中。A. flying“飞行”;B. escaping“逃跑,逃逸”;C. firing“开火”;D. ging“离开”。 根据上文“Chinese had a frm f gunpwder which was put in bamb tubes”和空后“frm the tube culd lift it int the air.”,并结合常识可以推知,从竹筒里逃逸的火药把竹筒送入空中。故选B。
93.句意:火箭的想法就诞生了。A. brn“诞生”;B. burst“爆发”;C. fund“发现”;D. imprved“改善”。根据上文“Rckets were prbably invented by accident abut 2000 years ag.”可知第一段介绍了如何偶然发明火箭的想法,所以应该是表达“火箭的想法就诞生了。”。故选A。
94.句意:火箭第一次在军事上的使用是在1232年。A. plitical“政治的”;B. fficial“官方的”;C. military“军事的”;D. scientific“科学的”。根据下文“The Sng Dynasty was at war with the Mngls.”,可知这句应该表达的是“火箭在军事上的使用”。故选C。
95.句意:在开封战役中,宋军射出了“飞火之箭”。A. ccupatin“占领”;B. attack“攻击';C. search"搜寻";D. battle"战斗"。根据上文“The Sng Dynasty was at war with the Mngls.”和空后“the Sng army”推断这里讲述的应该是开封战役。故选D。
96.句意:在开封战役中,宋军射出了“飞火之箭”。A. sent“邮寄”;B. sht“发射,射击”;C. drve“驾驶”;D. set“设置”。根据空后“arrws f flying fire” 可知宋军发射了火箭。故选B。
97.句意:这些管子连接在一根长杆上,这根长杆帮助火箭沿直线移动。A. tied“系”;B. shaken“摇晃”;C. wrapped“包裹”;D. blwn“吹”。根据空前“The tubes” 和空后“t a lng stick which helped keep the rcket mving in a straight directin.”可推断是“被连接到一根长杆上”,故选A。
98.句意:很快,蒙古人学会了如何自己制造火箭,很可能他们把火箭引进到欧洲。A. Finally“最后”;B. Suddenly“突然地”;C. Sn“很快”;D. Thus“因此”。根据空后“the Mngls learned hw t make rckets themselves”可知,经过与宋军交战,蒙古人很快学会了制造火箭。故选C。
99.句意:很快,蒙古人学会了如何自己制造火箭,很可能他们把火箭引进到欧洲。A. delivered“递送”;B. threw“扔”;C. passed“通过”;D. intrduced“介绍,引进”。根据空后“them t Eurpe.”和下文“England, France and Italy”英国、法国和意大利,可知,蒙古人把火箭引入欧洲。故选D。
100.句意:在13世纪到15世纪之间,英国、法国和意大利进行了许多火箭实验。A. transfrmatins“转变”;B. perfrmances“表演”;C. experiments“实验”;D. exhibitins“展览”。根据下文“They were used fr military purpses.” 和“ One Italian scientist even invented a rcket which culd travel ver the surface f water ”一位意大利科学家甚至发明了一种可以在水面上飞行的火箭,可推断是“进行了许多火箭实验”。故选C。
101.句意:一位意大利科学家甚至发明了一种可以在水面上飞行并击中敌舰的火箭。A. business“商业,买卖”;B. fficial“官员,高级职员”;C. transprtatin“运输”;D. enemy“敌人”。根据上文“They were used fr military purpses”推断这里应该是“发明了一种可以在水面上飞行并击中敌舰的火箭。”,enemy ship“敌舰”。故选D。
102.句意:中国政府官员万虎发明了一把飞天椅。A. flying“飞行”;B. diving“潜水”;C. surfing“冲浪”;D. blwing“吹风”。根据上文“Nt everybdy wanted t use rckets in battles.”和下文“Or was he carried miles int space, becming the wrld's first 15 ?”,可推断,万虎想要的不是武器,而是飞天的工具——飞天椅。故选A。
103.句意:火箭被点燃,发生了巨大的爆炸,浓烟滚滚。A. packs“包”;B. cluds“云,云状物”;C. masses“大量,许多”;D. piles“一堆”。结合常识,火箭被点燃,出现大量的浓烟,像云朵一样,cluds f thick smke“浓烟滚滚”。故选B。
104.句意:当烟雾消散时,万虎和他的椅子消失了,没人知道发生了什么。A. faded“褪色”;B. cmpleted“完成”;C. lifted“提起”;D. reflected“反射,反思”。根据空后“Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared, n ne knws what happened.”,可推断是烟雾消散后的场景。故选C。
105.句意:还是他被带到了数英里外的太空,成为了世界上第一位宇航员?A. scientist“科学家”;B. researcher“研究员”;C. astrnaut“宇航员”;D. explrer“探险家”。结合本段叙述的万虎发明飞天椅和空前“miles int space”可推断,他可能“成为了世界上第一位宇航员”。故选C。
【答案】106.B;107.C;108.A;109.C;110.D;111.D;112.B;113.A;114.C;115.C;116.D;117.C;118.B;119.A;120.A
【知识点】科普环保类;说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了美国第二丰收组织为了优化社会捐赠食物的合理分配,使用一种叫做Ceres的软件,从而有效地解决捐赠食物的处理问题。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
106.句意:根据美国农业部的数据,超过1200万户家庭在一年中的某个时候,包括节假日,缺少足够的食物供每个家庭成员食用。A. serve“为……服务”;B. lack“缺乏”;C. reserve“保留,预定”;D. rder“命令”。根据下文"Hunger"可知,1200万户家庭应该是缺乏食物。故选B。
107.句意:根据美国农业部的数据,超过1200万户家庭在一年中的某个时候,包括节假日,缺少足够的食物供每个家庭成员食用。A. wrkdays“工作日”;B. birthdays“生日”;C. hlidays“节假日”;D. paydays“发薪日”。根据空前"at sme time during the year"和"including"可知,此处表示包括节假日。故选C。
108.句意:减少这种不合理的资源分配是美国第二丰收组织的目标之一,该组织是美国国内最大的饥饿救济组织。A. resurces“资源”;B. incmes“收入”;C. missins“使命”;D. services“服务”。根据空后"the natin's largest dmestic hunger-relief rganizatin"可知,该组织的目的是减少不合理的资源分配。故选A。
109.句意:去年,该组织向2300多万需要帮助的人分发了近20亿磅粮食。A. expsed“暴露”;B. intrduced“介绍,引进”;C. distributed“分发”;D. addicted“使……上瘾”。根据上文"distributin"可知,此处指该组织向2300多万需要帮助的人分发了近20亿磅粮食。故选C。
110.句意:美国第二丰收组织是一个由214个相互联系的食品银行和其他组织组成的网络,从种植者、加工商、杂货店和餐馆处收集食品。A. harvest“收获”;B. prepare“准备”;C. recmmend“推荐”;D. gather“收集”。根据空后"frm grwers, prcessrs, grcery stres and restaurants"可知,此处表示收集食物。故选D。
111.句意:反过来,该网络向每州每县的约5万个施食处、无家可归者收容所和老年人中心分发食物。A. Fr example“举例”;B. In cntrast“与此相反”;C. Abve all“首先”;D. In turn“反过来”。根据上文"gather fd frm"和本句"distributes fd t"推测,此句中的行为与上文的行为正好反过来。故选D。
112.句意:反过来,该网络向每州每县的约5万个施食处、无家可归者收容所和老年人中心分发食物。A. backyards“后院”;B. shelters“庇护所”;C. garages“车库”;D. cabins“小屋”。根据空前"hmeless"推测,此处是指庇护所、收容所。故选B。
113.句意:大量的工作涉及从成千上万捐助者向成千上万的小型非营利组织分发的成吨的食品。A. dnrs“捐助者”;B. survivrs“幸存者”;C. farmers“农民”;D. victims“受害者”。根据上文"frm grwers, prcessrs, grcery stres and restaurants"可知,此处的食物是社会各部分捐赠而来的。故选A。
114.句意:直到几年前,美国的第二丰收组织还没有任何有效的方法来管理他们的库存。A. innvative“创新的”;B. impressive“令人印象深刻的”;C. effective“有效的”;D. prductive“高产的”。根据下文"Withut accurate and timely infrmatin, sup kitchens were smetimes empty while fd was left t 10 in lading places."可知,此处表示没有管理食物的有效方法。故选C。
115.句意:由于没有准确和及时的信息,施食处有时会空无一人,而食物则被留在装运地点变质。A. grw“成长”;B. recycle“循环”;C. spil“腐败,变质”;D. stir“搅拌”。根据空前"sup kitchens were smetimes empty"及"white"可知,此处的食物应该是留在装运地点变质腐败。故选C。
116.句意:这是一款专门为救济饥饿而设计的软件。A. thery“原理”;B. actin“行动”;C. remedy“补救”;D. sftware“软件”。根据空前"In 2000, America's Secnd Harvest began t use a new inventry and financial-management system — Ceres."可知,Ceres是一种软件系统。故选D。
117.句意:它被100多个美国第二丰收组织用来追踪食物从捐赠到分发的全过程。A. advertise“广告”;B. relieve“解除,减轻”;C. track“追踪”;D. migrate“移居”。根据空后"fd frm dnatin t distributin"可知,此处应该是用Ceres系统来追踪食物的捐赠到分发的过程。故选C。
118.句意:Ceres帮助食物减少腐烂并改善分配。A. prduce“生产”;B. reduce“减少”;C. shift“转移,变换”;D. simplify“简化”。根据空后"imprve the situatin"可知,此处应该是帮助减少食物腐败。故选B。
119.句意:由于报告更加准确和及时,Ceres节省了时间,使工作人员有时间专注于寻找新的捐助者,并承诺更有效地利用捐赠物。A. prmises“承诺”;B. ceases“停止”;C. admits“承认”;D. lcates“定位”。此句表示Ceres的优点,根据空后"mre efficient use f dnatins"可知,此处应该是指Ceres承诺更高效的捐赠物利用率。故选A。
120.句意:饥饿在美国仍然是一个令人不安的社会问题。A. trubling“令人不安的”;B. demanding“要求高的”;C. tuching“令人感动的”;D. impsing“壮观的”。根据下文"Technlgy alne cannt slve it."可知,此处表示饥饿在美国仍然是一个令人不安的问题。故选A。
【答案】121.C;122.B;123.A;124.C;125.C;126.C;127.A;128.D;129.D;130.B;131.C;132.A;133.D;134.A;135.D;136.B;137.B;138.C;139.D;140.D
【知识点】科普环保类;说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,最新研究表明,孩子在两岁之前就知道对与错的区别。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,代词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
121.句意:最近发表的一项最新研究表明,孩子在两岁之前就知道对与错的区别。A:cnducted“指挥,从事”;B:reviewed“回顾”;C:published“出版,发表”;D:prcessed“加工”。根据空前“ Children knw the difference between right and wrng befre they reach the age f tw”孩子在两岁之前就知道对与错的区别,是最新研究公布的内容,下文“ a jurnal published by the Assciatin fr Psychlgical Science. ”也有提示,故选C。
122.句意:科学家发现,19至21个月的婴儿懂得公平,并能在不同的情况下应用公平。A:hped“希望”;B:fund“发现”;C:warned“警告”;D:agreed“同意”。根据空后“ babies aged between 19 and 21 mnths understand fairness ”19至21个月的婴儿懂得公平,是科学家的研究发现,故选B。
123.句意:科学家发现,19至21个月的婴儿懂得公平,并能在不同的情况下应用公平。A:apply“应用”;B:feel“感觉”;C:prve“证明”;D:access“获得”。根据空前“ babies aged between 19 and 21 mnths understand fairness ”19至21个月的婴儿懂得公平,可知此处指婴儿会应用公平,故选A。
124.句意:他们说,这是第一次在这么小的年纪就发现孩子有公平感。A:range“在范围内变动”;B:matter“有关系,重要”;C:sense“意识到”;D:cmbinatin“结合”。根据上文“ babies aged between 19 and 21 mnths understand fairness ”19至21个月的婴儿懂得公平,可知此处指公平感,故选C。
125.句意:他们说,这是第一次在这么小的年纪就发现孩子有公平感。A:life“生活”;B:market“市场”;C:age“年纪”;D:class“班级”。根据上文根据上文“ babies aged between 19 and 21 mnths understand fairness ”19至21个月的婴儿懂得公平,可知此处指年纪小,故选C。
126.句意:研究人员表示,如果婴儿认为某个场景包含不公平的东西,他们会看更长的时间,所以在两个实验中,婴儿们被安排了观看关于公平的现场场景的时间。A:perfrmance“表演,表现”;B:tape“布带,磁带”;C:scene“场景”;D:play“戏剧”。根据空后“ hw lng they watched a live scenari(情景)abut fairness ”他们观看关于公平的现场场景有多长,故选C。
127.句意:研究人员表示,如果婴儿认为某个场景包含不公平的东西,他们会看更长的时间,所以在两个实验中,婴儿们被安排了观看关于公平的现场场景的时间。A:timed“计时”;B:tested“测试”;C:educated“教育”;D:placed“放置”。根据空后 hw lng they watched a live scenari(情景)abut fairness ”他们观看关于公平的现场场景有多长,可知此处是进行计时,故选A。
128.句意:在第一个实验中,19个月大的孩子看到两只长颈鹿玩偶,别给其中一只长颈鹿一个玩具或两个玩具。A:received“接收,收到”;B:included“包括”;C:tk“带走,花费”;D:saw“看见”。根据下文“In this experiment, three-quarters f the babies lked lnger”在这项实验中,四分之三的婴儿看起来更长。可知此处指孩子看见两只长颈鹿玩偶,故选D。
129.句意:长时间的观察表明婴儿不寻常或意外。A:recmmended“推荐”;B:nted“注意到”;C:stated“陈述”;D:indicated“表明”。根据上文“Researchers say babies will watch a 6 fr lnger if they think it cntains smething unfair,”研究人员表示,如果婴儿认为某个场景包含不公平的东西,他们会看更长的时间,可知此处指长时间的观察表明孩子的判断,故选D。
130.句意:长时间的观察表明婴儿不寻常或意外。A:unique“独特的”;B:unexpected“出乎意料的”;C:difficult“困难的”;D:unknwn“不知道的”根据空前 unusual ,可推知此处指意料之外的,故选B。
131.句意:在这项实验中,当一只长颈鹿同时得到两个玩具时,四分之三的婴儿看起来更长。A:several“几个”;B:ther“其他的”;C:bth“两个”;D:n“没有”。根据上文“Researchers say babies will watch a 6 fr lnger if they think it cntains smething unfair,”研究人员表示,如果婴儿认为某个场景包含不公平的东西,他们会看更长的时间;以及“In the first, 19-mnth-lds 8 tw giraffe puppets(玩偶) given either a ty each r bth tys t ne f the giraffes. ”在第一个实验中,19个月大的孩子看到两只长颈鹿玩偶,别给其中一只长颈鹿一个玩具或两个玩具。可推知当一只长颈鹿同时得到两个玩具,孩子们会认为不公平,故选C。
132.句意:在第二个实验中,两名女性面对面,中间放着一堆小玩具,面前放着一个空塑料盒。A:faced“面对”;B:helped“帮助”;C:treated“对待,治疗”;D:tuched“接触”。根据空后“ an empty plastic bx in frnt f each f them ”每个人面前放着一个空塑料盒,可知她们面对面,故选A。
133.句意:在第二个实验中,两名女性面对面,中间放着一堆小玩具,面前放着一个空塑料盒。A:bks“书”;B:stnes“石头”;C:clthes“衣服”;D:tys“玩具”。根据下文“ put the tys away ”把玩具放好,故选D。
134.句意:在一个场景中,一名女士尽职尽责地把玩具放好,另一名女士继续玩,但两位女士都得到了奖励。A:dutifully“尽职尽责地”;B:simply“仅仅”;C:quickly“快地,迅速地”;D:eventually“最后”。根据语境可知,此处指一名女士尽职尽责地把玩具放好,故选A。
135.句意:在一个场景中,一名女士尽职尽责地把玩具放好,另一名女士继续玩,但两位女士都得到了奖励。A:instructins“说明”;B:ptins“选择”;C:credits“信用”;D:rewards“奖励”。根据下文“ when the wrker and the slacker(偷懒的人) were rewarded equally. ”当工人和懒汉得到同等奖励时,故选D。
136.句意:当工人和懒汉得到同等奖励时,正在观察的21个月大的婴儿看起来确实更长。A:grwing“生长的,增加的”;B:watching“观察的”;C:crying“哭的”;D:sleeping“睡觉的”。根据上文“Researchers say babies will watch a 6 fr lnger if they think it cntains smething unfair,”研究人员表示,如果婴儿认为某个场景包含不公平的东西,他们会看更长的时间,可知指正在进行观察的婴儿,故选B。
137.句意:当工人和懒汉得到同等奖励时,正在观察的21个月大的婴儿看起来确实更长。A:farther“更远”;B:lnger“更长”;C:clser“更近”;D:deeper“更深”。根据上文“Researchers say babies will watch a 6 fr lnger if they think it cntains smething unfair,”研究人员表示,如果婴儿认为某个场景包含不公平的东西,他们会看更长的时间,故选B。
138.句意:我们发现,19个月和21个月大的婴儿对公平有着普遍的期望,他们可以在不同的情况下适当地运用它。A:pattern“图案”;B:descriptin“描述”;C:expectatin“期待”;D:explanatin“解释”。根据语境可知,此处指婴儿对公平有着普遍的期望,故选C。
139.句意:我们发现,19个月和21个月大的婴儿对公平有着普遍的期望,他们可以在不同的情况下适当地运用它。A:directly“直接”;B:early“早”;C:creatively“有创造力地”;D:apprpriately“适当地”。根据语境可知,此处指他们可以在不同的情况下适当地运用它,故选D。
140.句意:这一发现发表在心理科学协会出版的《心理科学》杂志上。A:limitatins“限制”;B:requirements“需要”;C:theries“理论”;D:findings“发现”。根据上文“We discvered that 19 and 21-mnth-ld babies have a general 18 f fairness, and they can apply it 19 t different situatins. ”我们发现,19个月和21个月大的婴儿对公平有着普遍的期望,他们可以在不同的情况下适当地运用它。可知此处指发现结果,故选D。
【答案】141.B;142.D;143.A;144.B;145.C;146.C;147.A;148.D;149.A;150.B;151.C;152.D;153.D;154.A;155.C
【知识点】科普环保类;说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,作者通过研究发现高度的集中会保持快乐。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
141.句意:因此,我决定了解什么是幸福,以及如何最好地实现幸福。A:On the whle“总的来说”;B:As a result“因此”;C:T sme degree“在某种程度”;D:In the meantime“同时”。前后是因果关系,故选B。
142.句意:因此,我决定学习心理学并不奇怪。A:physilgy“生理学,生理”;B:acting“表演”;C:medicine“医学,医药”;D:psychlgy“心理学”。根据上文“ I nticed that thugh many f the adults arund me were wealthy and educated, they were nt always happy ”我注意到,尽管我周围的许多成年人都很富有,受过教育,但他们并不总是快乐的。属于心理学的范畴,故选D。
143.句意:50年前,当我来到芝加哥大学时,我失望地发现,学术心理学家正努力通过在实验室研究老鼠来理解人类行为。A:disappinted“失望的”;B:amazed“惊讶的”;C:relieved“宽慰的”;D:annyed“恼火的”。根据下文“ I felt that there must be ther mre useful ways f learning hw we think and feel. ”我觉得必须有其他更有用的方法来学习我们的思维和感受。可推知作者对学术心理学家用老鼠做研究感到失望,故选A。
144.句意:虽然我最初的目标是为自己实现幸福,但我变得更加雄心勃勃。A:sympathetic“同情的”;B:ambitius“有雄心的,有野心的”;C:idealistic“理想主义的”;D:dubtful“充满怀疑的”。根据下文“ I decided t build my career n trying t discver what made thers happy als ”我决定把我的职业生涯建立在努力发现是什么让别人也快乐的基础上,可知作者对研究心理学更加雄心勃勃,故选B。
145.句意:我开始研究有创造力的人,比如音乐家、艺术家和运动员,因为他们把一生都奉献给做自己想做的事情,而不是仅仅给他们带来经济回报的事情。A:tk ff“成功,脱掉”;B:std up“站起来”;C:started ut“开始”;D:brke thrugh“突破”。根据语境可知,作者开始研究有创造力的人,故选C。
146.句意:我开始研究有创造力的人,比如音乐家、艺术家和运动员,因为他们把一生都奉献给做自己想做的事情,而不是仅仅给他们带来经济回报的事情。A:nt t mentin“更不用说”;B:as well as“也,除了还”;C:rather than“而不是”;D:in favr f“支持”。根据语境此处指他们把一生都奉献给做自己想做的事情,而不是仅仅给他们带来经济回报的事情,故选C。
147.句意:后来,我发明了一个名为“经验抽样法”的系统,扩展了这项研究。A:expanded“扩大”;B:interpreted“解释”;C:defended“保卫”;D:evaluated“评估”。根据上文研究有创造力的人,以及下文“ Ordinary peple were asked t keep an electrnic pager fr a week which gave ut a beeping sund eight times a day. ”普通人被要求保存一个电子寻呼机一周,每天发出八次哔哔声。可知作者扩大了研究对象,故选A。
148.句意:每次这样做时,他们都会记下自己在哪里、在做什么、感觉如何以及注意力集中程度。A:made up“组成,编造”;B:bjected t“反对”;C:depended n“依靠”;D:nted dwn“记下,写下”。根据语境可知,此处表达记录研究的相关信息,故选D。
149.句意:这个系统现在已经在超过10000人身上使用,答案是一致的,因为对于有创造力的人来说,普通人在集中精力时最快乐。A:cnsistent“始终如一的,持续的,一致的”;B:ambiguus“模棱两可的”;C:cmmn“常见的,共同的”;D:ridiculus“可笑的,荒唐的”。根据空后“as with creative peple, rdinary peple are happiest when cncentrating hard”可知答案是一致的,故选A。
150.句意:经过三十年的研究和十八本书的写作,我相信我已经证明了幸福与大多数人想象的完全不同。A:implied“暗示”;B:prved“证明”;C:prmised“承诺”;D:questined“提问”。根据空前“After carrying ut thirty years f research and writing eighteen bks”经过三十年的研究和十八本书的写作,可知作者已经证明幸福与大多数人想象的完全不同,故选B。
151.句意:我发现快乐最明显的原因是集中注意力。A:awareness“意识”;B:pressure“压力”;C:cncentratin“集中精力”;D:desire“欲望”。根据下文“In rder t stay fcused, whether yu're reading a pem r building a sandcastle, what yu need is a challenge that 12 yur ability. ”为了保持专注,无论你是在读诗还是在建沙堡,你需要的是一个与你能力相匹配的挑战。可推知快乐的原因是集中注意力,故选C。
152.句意:为了保持专注,无论你是在读诗还是在建沙堡,你需要的是一个与你能力相匹配的挑战。A:affrds“承担得起,买得起”;B:bserves“观察,遵守”;C:underrates“低估,看轻”;D:matches“匹配”。根据下文“ As yu grw lder yu have t find new challenges, which are mre apprpriate t yur age.”随着年龄的增长,你必须找到更适合你年龄的新挑战。可推知此处指与能力相匹配的挑战,故选D。
153.句意:因此,保持快乐的方法是不断寻找新的机会来提高你的技能。A:cautius“谨慎的”;B:healthy“健康的”;C:riginal“原来的”;D:happy“快乐的”。根据上文“ I decided t build my career n trying t discver what made thers happy als. ”我决定把我的职业生涯建立在努力发现是什么让别人也快乐的基础上。可知此处指保持快乐的方法,故选D。
154.句意:我一生都在研究幸福,现在回首往事,我想知道我是否获得了。A:achieved“获得”;B:deserved“值得,应受”;C:cnsidered“考虑”;D:struck“打,击打”。根据语境可知,此处指作者想知道自己是否获得幸福,故选A。
155.句意:总的来说,我认为我已经找到了,而且我相信我找到了它的秘密的钥匙,这大大增加了我的幸福感。A:references“参考”;B:extensins“扩展,延长”;C:keys“钥匙,关键”;D:links“联系”。根据空后“ has increased my happiness immeasurably ”这大大增加了我的幸福感,可推知此处指作者找到的幸福的秘诀,故选C。
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