初中英语人教新目标八年级下册Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world知识点

这是一份初中英语人教新目标八年级下册Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world知识点，共6页。
八年级英语下册Unit 7知识点【Useful expressions】feel free to do sth.随便（做某事）the population of… 的人口in the face of 面对(问题、困难等)4.the spirit of…的精神5.the forces of…的力量6.a symbol of…的象征7.the habit(s)of…:的习性/习惯8.because of 因为9.talk about 谈论10.run along 延伸;贯穿11.take in 吸入;吞入(体内)12.risk one'slife 冒着生命危险13.challenge oneself 挑战某人自己14.give up放弃15.prepare..for..为…准备…16.achieve one's dream 实现某人的梦想17.run over to...跑向.18.walk into 走路时撞着19.fall over 绊倒20.take care of= look after 照顾21.play with…和…玩耍/玩弄22.die from/of 死于….23.cut down /off/out 砍倒/切除/删除24.do research 进行研究25.jump out of..跳出…26.teach sb.about sth 教某人有关…的内容27.as you can see 正如你所看到的28.as far as I know 就我所知29.even though =even if 即使:虽然30.at birth 出生时,31.up to 到达(某数量、程度等);至多有;不多于32.or so 大约33.with excitement 激动地;兴奋地34.to one’s excitement 令某人兴奋的是35.in the forest 在森林里36.in the future 将来37.in danger 处于危险中38.in size 在尺寸上;在大小方面39.try hard to do sth.努力做某事40.spend time doing 花时间做某事41.live long 活得长久42.be special to 对……而言很特别43.be known for 因...而闻名【Target sentences】1.The Yangtze River is about 6,300 kilometers long.2.Qomolangma is higher than any other mountains in the world.3.China has the biggest population in the world.4.Feel free to ask me anything on today’s Great Wall tour.5.This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.6.One of the world's most dangerous sports is mountain climbing7.The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.8.The mountain is about 2 thousand meters high.9.What’s the highest mountain in the world?10.---Which is the deepest salt lake in the world?---The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all the salt lakes.11.---Did you know that China is one of the oldest countries in the world?---Yes, I did.It’s much older than the US.【Language points】1.The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.长、宽、高、深、面积的表达方法(1)询问“某物有……长、宽、高、深等”时，常用句型：How+形容词(long、 wide、 high、 deep等)+be+某物?(2)回答“某物有……长、宽、高、深等”时，常用表达：①某物+be+基数词+量词+形容词(long、 wide、 high、 deep等)。The river is 20 meters wide.②复合形容词的构成：“基数词-量词(单数)-形容词”。This 20-meter-long rope isn’t long enough to help climb the mountain.③基数词+量词+in+长、宽、高、深等的名词(length、 width、 height、 depth等)。The river is 20 meters in width.2.Qomolangma is higher than any other mountain in the world.比较级 + than any other + 可数名词单数该结构意为“比其他任何一个……都……”，指同一范围内比较，表示最高级含义。She is thinner than any other student in her class.= She is the thinnest in her class.注意：other必不可少，用以将主语从比较对象中排除，避免逻辑矛盾。【特别提醒】如果比较对象不在同一范围内或不属于同一类别，应用“形容词/副词比较级 + than any（任何的） + 可数名词单数”。The Pacific Ocean is larger than any lake in the world.3.China has the biggest population in the world.population n.人口；人口数量① population 是集体名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。The population of the world continues to increase, but in some areas the population is falling.② 表示有多少人口时，用“have/has a population of + 数词”，或“the population of … is + 数词”。China has a population of about 1.4 billion.= The population of China is about 1.4 billion.③ 询问人口多少时，用“What is the population of …?”或“How large is the population of …?”。What/How large is the population of Henan Province?④ 表示人口多少时，用 big/large 或 small 修饰，而不能用 many，much 或 few 等。India has a large population.【特别提醒】类似的用法表示 price（价格）高低，用 high 或 low，不能用 expensive 或 cheap；表示 temperature（温度）高低，用 high 或 low，不能用 hot 或 cold。4.Feel free to ask me anything on today’s Great Wall tour.(1) feel free to do sth.（可以）随便（做某事）,其后接动词不定式(2) tour n.& v.旅行；旅游tour在此处作可数名词，还可以作动词用。They went on a tour around Europe last year.( n.)We toured Italy for our holiday last year.( v.)【拓展延伸】tour (v.) + 后缀 -ist → tourist (n.) 旅行者；观光者The tourists (n.) toured (v.) Hong Kong for holidays.They all enjoyed their tour (n.).5.Wow, that’s amazing.amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的；令人惊喜（惊叹）的amazing一般用于修饰事物amazed（感到惊奇的）常用于修饰人。 be amazed at 意为“对……感到惊讶”。The amazing magic show made me feel so amazed.I’m amazed at his rapid progress.【拓展延伸】类似的以 -ing（令人……），-ed（感到……）结尾的形容词：interesting/interested, surprising/surprised, relaxing/relaxed, moving/moved, tiring/tired, boring/bored, exciting/exited, …6.The main reason was to protect their part of the country.protect v.保护；防护protect此处用作及物动词, protect… against/from…“保护……免于……”。protection作不可数名词，意为“保护；防卫”。He wears sunglasses to protect his eyes against/from the strong sunlight.It’s parents’ duty to provide protection for their children.7.One of the world's most dangerous sports is mountain climbingone of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最……的……之一。该结构作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。One of the world's most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most popular places for this is the Himalayas.8.Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy storms.include v.包括；包含His job includes looking after the sick pets.【拓展延伸】There are 40 students in the classroom, including me.= There are 40 students in the classroom, me included.9.while the first woman to succeed was Junko Tabei from Japan in 1975.succeed v.实现目标；成功succeed 作不及物动词，其后不能直接跟宾语，主语通常是人或组织等，succeed in doing sth.表示“成功做某事”；Very few people succeed in losing weight and keeping it off.【拓展延伸】成功相关的词 反义词succeed v.成功 fail v.失败success n.成功 failure / unsuccess n.失败successful adj.成功的 unsuccessful adj.不成功的successfully adv.成功地 unsuccessfully adv.不成功地10.The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.achieve v.达成；完成；成功achieve 在此作及物动词，其主语通常为人， 宾语通常为目标、目的或胜利、成功等。achieve one’s dream=realize one’s dream=make one’s dream come true, 意为“实现某人的梦想”。He achieved/realized his dream of becoming an engineer.= His dream of becoming an engineer came true.【拓展延伸】achieve + 后缀 -ment → achievement n.成就；成绩11.It also shows that humans can sometimes be stronger than the forces of nature.force n.力；力量force既可指实际意义上的力，如自然力，又可指抽象意义的力，如影响力。the force of“……的力量/力”。He changed the world through the force of his ideas.【拓展延伸】force还可作动词，意为“迫使；强迫”，force sb.to do sth.表示“迫使某人做某事”。Wars forced them to leave their homes.12.This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.weigh v.重量是……；称……的重量① weigh 此处作系动词，意为“重量是……”。How much do you weigh?At birth, most babies weigh between 3 and 4 kilograms.② weigh 还可作及物动词，意为“称……的重量”。She weighed the stone in her hand.【拓展延伸】weight 作名词，意为“重量；分量”。put on/gain weight 表示“增加体重”；lose weight 表示“减重”。13.This elephant weighs many times more than this panda.倍数 + 比较级 + than该结构意为“是……（长/宽等）多少倍”，表示倍数。This table is three times longer than that one.【拓展延伸】① “倍数 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as”也表示倍数，意为“是……的几倍”。This table is three times as long as that one.② “倍数 + the size/length/height + of …”意为“……是……的几倍大/长/高”。This table is three times the length of that one.14.At 9: 00 a.m., they find that most of the babies are already awake and hungry.awake adj.醒着;作形容词，常位于系动词之后作表语，不可位于名词前作定语She was awake all night.【拓展延伸】表示睡觉整个过程的相关词汇参考：sleepy (adj.打瞌睡的) → go to bed/go to sleep (v.去睡觉) → sleep (v.睡觉) → fall asleep (v.入睡) → asleep (adj.睡着的) → wake (up)/waken/awake (v.醒来；唤醒) → awake (adj.醒着的)→ get up (v.起床) 15.The babies often die from illnesses and do not live very long.die from 死于【易混辨析】die from与die ofHe died from overwork.The famous writer died of/from cancer last year.16.Another 300 or so live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries.or so 大约 位于数词或表时间的名词后，相当于about或around。但about或around位于数词之前。17.And the Chinese government is trying hard to help save the pandas.try hard to do sth.努力做某事try to sth.设法做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事try one's best to do sth.尽最大努力做某事18.Scientists say there are now fewer than 2, 000 pandas living in the forests.There be sb./ sth doing… 有某人/某物正在做..【Grammar Focus】大数字的表达和读法大于1000的基数词的表达法：①从数字的右端向左数，每三位数加一个逗点；②第一个逗点前的数为thousand（千）， 第二个逗点前的数为million（百万）， 第三个逗点前的数为billion（十亿）。③读的时候通常在hundred后加and，如果百位数为0，则在thousand后加and。形容词副词的比较级和最高级回顾:形容词和副词通常有三种级别：原级（Positive form）：没有比较含义，“……”；比较级（Comparative form）：两者间比较，“更……”；最高级（Superlative form）：三者及三者以上比较，“最……”。一、比较级和最高级的构成规则变化2.不规则变化二、比较级的用法“比较级+than any other+可数名词单数”=“比较级+than the other+可数名词复数”表示“比其他任何……都……”, 表示最高级含义， 可与表示最高级的句子进行转换。My father is the tallest one in my family.=My father is taller than any other member in my family.=My father is taller than the other members in my family.可用于修饰形容词和副词比较级程度的副词（短语）有：much, a little, even, a lot, a bit, far等。三、最高级的用法1.（the + ）最高级 + in/of 短语该结构意为“……中最……的”。I think spring is the best time of a year.Tom works (the) hardest in Class 3.2.one of the + 最高级 + 可数名词复数 + in/of 短语该结构意为“……中最……的……之一”。Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.3.the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 可数名词单数 + in/of 短语该结构意为“……在……中是第几……的……”（从第二开始）。China is the third largest country in the world.4.Which/Who … + 最高级, A, B or C?该结构意为“A，B，C中，哪个/谁最……？”。Which is the biggest, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou?【特别提醒】(1)最高级前有物主代词、名词所有格等修饰时，其前不加the。The Yangtze River is China’s longest river.(2)当most表示“非常”时，其前不加the。It is a most useful book.【Topic writing】【思路点拨】Ladies and gentlemen，Welcome to China！I'm glad to be your guide today.We willsee lovely pandas soon.Now let me tell you something about pandas.Pandas are white and black.They are very cute and friendly to people.They feed on bamboo.They mainly live in some forests and mountains in Sichuan Province，Gansu Province and Shaanxi Province.Now the number of pandas isless than 3，000，because people cut down many trees andthey can't find enough food and don't have enough space to live in.So the Chinese government is thinking about ways to protect them，such as building research bases and teaching people about the importance of saving pandas.Besides these，the government is also planting more bamboo trees so there will be more forests for pandas to live in.