上海市位育中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试卷（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份上海市位育中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试卷（原卷版+解析版），文件包含上海市位育中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试卷原卷版docx、上海市位育中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中英语试卷解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共31页， 欢迎下载使用。
(考试时间100分钟 总分100分)
Ⅰ. Listening Cmprehensin (15%)
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1. A. Her gd friend. B. Her dctr.
C. Her persnal trainer. D. Her sprts teacher.
2. A. Leave Daisy alne fr the time being. B. G t see Daisy immediately.
C. Make an aplgy t Daisy in persn. D. Buy Daisy a new ntebk.
3. A. What t prepare fr the picnic. B. Hw t keep the fd frm being wet.
C. Where t have a picnic. D. Hw the weather is the next day.
4. A. Exhausted. B. Thirsty. C. Dizzy. D. Senseless.
5. A. He is likely t arrive earlier than Susan. B. He is t busy t attend the party.
C. Susan is unlikely t g t the party. D. It’s up t Susan t make the decisin.
6. A. A lt f students need help. B. Jining a tutring grup is rewarding.
C. The wman shuld spare time n study. D. The wman has tutred fr a lng time.
7. A. He ften cmplains. B. He is wrried abut everything
C. He is a happy man. D. He always causes trubles
8. A. He’ll get a similar T-shirt. B. He will get a new T-shirt fr free.
C. He’ll get his mney back. D. He can cmplain t the manager.
9 A. Hw well the camera functins. B. Hw t use the camera crrectly.
C. Hw t get the pictures printed. D. Hw the pictures will turn ut.
10. A. The exam had little t d with the bk. B. The man culd hardly finish the exam.
C. The exam questins were t difficult. D. The man fund the questins cnfusing.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages and ne lnger cnversatin, and yu will be asked several questins n each f the passages and the cnversatin. The passages and the cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne wuld be the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
11. A. Cme dwn frm high places. B. Hide themselves in hles.
C. Search fr shelters. D. Run arund impatiently.
12. A. By feeling a decrease in air pressure.
B. By nticing the change f wind directins.
C. By feeling a drp in air temperature.
D. By bserving the behavirs f ther animals.
13. A. Birds and Signs f a Strm. B. Air Pressure and Weather Change.
C. Animals’ Sharp Senses. D. Weather Signs frm Animals.
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
14. A. By frcefully sending them hme.
B. By autmatically deleting after-wrk emails.
C. By banning the use f the email systems.
D. By shrtening the wrking hurs.
15 A. Because f the lw wrking efficiency.
B. Because f the tight break time.
C. Because f the extended wrking hurs.
D. Because f the pr family cnditins.
16. A. Strategies t prtect private life. B. Plicies t raise wrking efficiency.
C. Ways t use wrk emails effectively. D. Measures t guarantee persnal life.
Questins 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
17. A. The lng wrking hurs. B. The chice f the jbs.
C. His inability t hld the jb. D. The lw salary ffer.
18. A. He prefers teaching t ding administratin.
B. He is unable t meet the requirement f the cmprehensive schl.
C. He might be turned dwn fr being t yung.
D. He wants t sign a lng-term cntract.
19. A. Lwly paid but secure. B. Time-cnsuming and tiring.
C. Varied and interesting. D. Flexible but demanding.
20. A. The man is likely t take the cmprehensive schl jb.
B. The wman suggests the man wait fr better ffers.
C. The man is in favur f the technique schl psitin.
D. The wman has a lw pinin f the cmprehensive schl.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vcabulary: (20%)
Sectin A (1*10=10)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passages cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Every year, arund 30 millin visitrs swarm int Venice, a place f under 50,000 residents. The ppulatin has shrunk by 70 percent in the past 70 years in Venice, ____1____ the residents have been driven ut by ballning rents and cuts in services.
Buran—a ne-square-mile island in the nrth lagn—draws thusands f visitrs daily. They take a 40-minute vaprett (waterbus) ride frm Venice ____2____ (see) the island’s candy-clred cttages and the leaning bell twer.
Nw, as residents n the island, sme Buranelli are fighting back, ____3____ (make) the island a launching grund fr ecturism. A clutch f the island’s fishermen are dubling up n their jbs—casting their nets as well as shwing turists the fragile lagn and why it needs ____4____ (preserve).
Life n Buran has revlved arund the water. A fishing settlement with a histry ____5____ (date) back t the Rman era, the island’s relative separatin frm Venice, has kept its traditins undamaged ____6____ medieval times.
Yet ____7____ (wrk) with turists is increasingly imprtant fr the fishermen’s livelihds. Whlesale seafd prices nearly ____8____ (halve) during the pandemic, and althugh they recvered, they decreased again in late 2022.
“I’m prud f my wrk but I’m als aware that in a few years there wn’t be anyne left ____9____ (d) it,” ne f the lcal fishermen says. Numbers f bth crabs and fishermen are sharply declining: “When I was a child, there were 100 mecanti n Buran; nw we are 19,” he says. Climate change _____10_____ (raise) lagn temperatures ver the last decade. While the crabs aren’t endangered, fewer f them are swimming int fishermen’s nets.
【答案】1. because##as##fr
2. t see 3. making
4. preserving##t be preserved##preservatin
5. dating 6. since
7. wrking 8. halved
9. ding 10. has raised
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了威尼斯附近的布拉诺岛的情况，威尼斯每年吸引着大量的游客，但本地居民却大量减少，附近的布拉诺岛上的居民开始反击，将该岛发展为生态旅游的发起地，向游客展示岛上脆弱的泻湖需要保护。渔民在岛上努力工作，但面临海鲜价格下降和气候变化导致渔获量下降的生计问题。
【1题详解】
考查原因状语从句。句意：在过去的70年里，威尼斯的人口减少了70%，因为不断上涨的租金和服务的削减把居民赶了出去。分析句子可知，空处前后为完整的句子，空前表示“在过去的70年里，威尼斯的人口减少了70%”，空后表示“不断上涨的租金和服务的削减把居民赶了出去”，前为结果，后为原因，且非显而易见或已知的原因，因此用意为“因为”的从属连词because、as或fr引导原因状语从句。故填because/as/fr。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他们从威尼斯乘坐40分钟的水上巴士，参观岛上糖果色的小屋和倾斜的钟楼。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的目的状语，表示“为了……”，应用see的不定式形式。故填t see。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，作为岛上的居民，一些布拉内利人开始反击，使该岛成为生态旅游的发起地。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处为非谓语动词，make“使得”和sme Buranelli逻辑上是主动关系，应用make的现在分词形式，作状语。故填making。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词或名词。句意：岛上的一群渔民正在加倍工作——撒网，同时向游客展示脆弱的泻湖以及为什么需要保护它。分析句子可知，空处作needs的宾语，可用固定短语need ding或need t be dne表示“需要做某事，某事需要被做”，用preserve的动名词形式或不定式被动语态，或用preserve的名词形式preservatin，意为“保护”，为不可数名词。故填preserving/t be preserved/preservatin。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个历史可以追溯到罗马时代的渔业定居点，该岛与威尼斯相对分离，自中世纪以来一直保持着它的传统。分析句子可知，空处作histry的后置定语，是非谓语动词，date back t“追溯到”和histry逻辑上是主谓关系，date应用现在分词的形式。故填dating。
【6题详解】
考查介词。句意：作为一个历史可以追溯到罗马时代的渔业定居点，该岛与威尼斯相对分离，自中世纪以来一直保持着它的传统。分析句子可知，空处和medieval times搭配，作状语，结合上文描述的岛上的建筑景观和渔民们的工作可推知，此处指“自中世纪以来一直保持着它的传统”，应用介词since表示“自……以来”。故填since。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，与游客合作对渔民的生计越来越重要。分析句子可知，空处和空后的with turists搭配，作句子的主语，是非谓语动词，且此处介绍的是一件已知的事情，因此应用wrk的动名词形式。故填wrking。
【8题详解】
考查动词的时态。句意：在疫情期间，海鲜批发价格几乎减半，虽然有所回升，但在2022年底再次下降。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合“during the pandemic”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，halve“减半”应用过去式的形式。故填halved。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：“我为自己的工作感到自豪，但我也意识到，再过几年，就没有人能做这项工作了，”一位当地渔民说。分析句子可知，过去分词短语left…作修饰anyne的定语，固定短语be left ding表示“留下来去做什么事情”，应用d的现在分词形式，作补足语。故填ding。
【10题详解】
考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的十年里，气候变化提高了泻湖的温度。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合“ver the last decade”可知，此处在叙述过去的动作持续到现在，时态应用现在完成时，且主语Climate change为单数，助动词用has。故填has raised。
Sectin B (1*10=10)
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Heartbreak: Rmantic Metaphr(比喻) r Serius Health Cnditin
It is an unfrtunate fact f life that mst f us will experience the sensatin cmmnly knwn as “heartbreak” at sme pint in ur lifetime. Heartbreak refers t feelings f extreme sadness, ften persistent, due t a(n) ____11____ disturbing event. The term “heartbreak” r “brken heart” is usually used in a symblic sense.
That is, when we say smene is “heartbrken,” we d nt mean that their heart has actually ____12____. Hwever, what many peple d nt knw is that s-called brken heart syndrme(综合症), ften caused by stress, is a recgnized ____13____ health cnditin.
Much like when peple make metaphrical ____14____ t heartbreak, brken heart syndrme is als caused by painful life events. These experiences usually ____15____ death, divrce, r separatin. Hwever, this cnditin can have very real negative effects n a sufferer’s health. In clinical settings, brken heart syndrme is ften ____16____ with a heart attack because many f the symptms f these tw cnditins are very similar. The main difference is that while a heart attack is ____17____ by a blckage in ne f the heart’s arteries(动脉), brken heart syndrme invlves temprary enlargement in ne area f the heart. Such enlargement makes it difficult fr the heart t cntinue ____18____ bld arund the bdy and thus puts the sufferer at risk f heart failure.
If yu have experienced a stressful r painful event, tw ____19____ symptms f brken heart syndrme t watch ut fr are chest pain and breathing difficulties. In fact, _____20_____ ne r bth f these symptms can be vital in helping yu seek necessary treatment in the early stages f this cnditin.
【答案】11. D 12. K
13. A 14. H
15. E 16. B
17. G 18. C
19. I 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍心碎综合症。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：伤心是指由于情感上的不安事件而产生的极度悲伤的感觉，通常是持续的。分析句子结构可知，空格处为状语，修饰后面的形容词disturbing，emtinally“情感上”为副词，符合句意。故选D。
【12题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：也就是说，当我们说某人“心碎”时，我们并不是说他们的心脏出了故障。分析句子结构可知，空格处和前面的助动词has构成句子现在完成时的谓语动词，后面没有宾语，所以，空格处要用不及物动词的过去分词形式，malfunctined“发生故障”为不及物动词的过去分词，符合句意。故选K。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，许多人不知道的是，所谓的心碎综合症，通常是由压力引起的，是一种公认的身体健康状况。分析句子结构可知，空格处为形容词，修饰后面的名词短语health cnditin，physical“身体上的”为形容词，符合句意。故选A。
【14题详解】
考查名词。句意：就像人们比喻心碎一样，心碎综合症也是由痛苦的生活事件引起的。分析句子结构可知，空格处为名词，做宾语，reference“参考，参照”为不可数名词，符合句意。故选H。
【15题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：这些经历通常涉及死亡，离婚或者分居。分析句子结构可知，空格处为谓语动词，invlve“涉及”为动词，符合句意。故选E。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在临床环境中，心碎综合症通常被混淆为心脏病发作，因为这两种病症的许多症状非常相似。分析句子结构可知，空格处为形容词，cnfused“混淆的”为形容词，符合句意。be cnfused with是固定短语，表示“与……混淆”的意思。故选B。
【17题详解】
考查谓语动词被动语态。句意：最主要的区别是，心脏病发作是由于心脏动脉阻塞引起的，而心碎综合症则是指心脏某个区域暂时性的扩大。分析句子结构可知，空格处和前面的is构成谓语动词的被动结构，所以空格处填动词的过去分词形式，characterize“以……为特征”为动词，符合句意。所以填characterized。故选G。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这种肿大使心脏难以继续向全身供血，从而使患者面临心力衰竭的风险。分析句子结构可知，空格处为非谓语动词，构成cntinue ding的结构，表示“继续做某事”的意思，pumping“用泵抽；抽吸”为动词的现在分词形式，符合句意。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果你经历过压力或痛苦的事件，心碎综合症的两个最初症状是胸痛和呼吸困难。分析句子结构可知，空格处为形容词，initial“最初的”为形容词，符合句意。故选I。
【20题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，认识这些症状中的一个或两个对于帮助你在早期阶段寻求必要的治疗是至关重要的。分析句子结构可知，空格处为及物动词的动名词形式做句子的主语，recgnizing“认识”为及物动词的动名词形式，符合句意。故选F。
Ⅲ. Reading Cmprehensin (30%)
Sectin A (1*10=10)
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in the blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
The East African cuntry f Kenya has been at the frefrnt f the glbal war n plastic since 2017, when fficials banned plastic bags. In June 2020, the gvernment intensified the effrts with a ban n single-use plastics in prtected areas. Unfrtunately, the measures have ____21____ made any impact. Hundreds f tns f industrial and cnsumer plymer (聚合物) waste cntinue t get ____22____ int landfills daily. Hwever, if 29-year-ld Nzambi Matee has her way, the unpleasant plastic heaps will sn be transfrmed int clurful bricks.
The material engineer’s search t find a(n) ____23____ slutin t cntrl plastic pllutin began in 2017. She quit her jb as a data analyst at a lcal chemical factry and set up a small lab in her mther’s backyard. It tk her nine mnths t prduce the first brick and even lnger t ____24____ a partner t help build the machinery t make them. But the determined ec-entrepreneur was cnfident in her idea and did nt give up.
She says, “I wanted t use my educatin in applied physics and material engineering t d smething abut the prblem f plastic waste pllutin. But I was very ____25____ that the slutin had t be practical, sustainable, and affrdable. The best way t d this was by ____26____ the waste int the cnstructin and finding the mst efficient and affrdable material t build hmes.”
Her cmpany, Gjenge Makers, nw hires 112 peple and prduces ver 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers (铺路材料) are made using a mix f plastic prducts that cannt be reprcessed r recycled. The plymer is btained ____27____ frm factries r picked by hired lcals frm Nairbi’s largest landfill, Dandra.
The cllected plastic is ____28____ with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and cmpressed int bricks that vary in clur and thickness. The resulting prduct is strnger, lighter, and abut 30 percent cheaper than cncrete bricks.
Matee, wh was recently recgnized as ne f the Yung Champins f the Earth 2020—the United Natins’ highest envirnmental ____29____—is far frm dne. Her dream is t reduce the muntain f trash in Dandra t just a hill by increasing prductin and expanding her fferings. She says, “The mre we recycle the plastic, the mre we prduce affrdable husing, and the mre we create _____30_____ fr the yuth.”
21. A. barelyB. nearlyC. mildlyD. equally
22. A. leakedB. turnedC. ladedD. dumped
23. A. persnalB. rderlyC. feasibleD. adjustable
24. A. remindB. cnvinceC. assureD. direct
25. A. clearB. fairC. bldD. mature
26. A. enclsingB. distributingC. channellingD. reversing
27. A. distantlyB. penlyC. secretlyD. directly
28. A. replacedB. mixedC. equippedD. fixed
29. A. levelB. grantC. diplmaD. hnur
30. A. emplymentB. experimentC. entertainmentD. investment
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，介绍了Nzambi Matee将塑料垃圾变为彩色砖块的想法及她为解决塑料污染问题所做的努力。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这些措施几乎没有产生任何影响。A. barely几乎不；B. nearly几乎；C. mildly温和地；D. equally平等地。根据前文“In June 2020, the gvernment intensified the effrts with a ban n single-use plastics in prtected areas.”及“Unfrtunately”可知，前文提到的措施没有成功，此处表示否定，用barely。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天仍有数百吨工业和消费聚合物废物被倾倒到垃圾填埋场。A. leaked泄露；B. turned转动、变得；C. laded装载；D. dumped倾倒。根据“Hundreds f tns f industrial and cnsumer plymer waste cntinue t get ____2____ int landfills daily.”可知，每天很多的塑料垃圾还是被倾倒到垃圾场。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位材料工程师从2017年开始寻找控制塑料污染的可行解决方案。A. persnal个人的；B. rderly有条理的；C. feasible可行的；D. adjustable可调节的。根据下文“She quit her jb as a data analyst at a lcal chemical factry and set up a small lab in her mther’s backyard.”及“slutin t cntrl plastic pllutin”可知，Matee一直在致力于寻找解决塑料污染的可行性方案。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她花了9个月的时间制作第一块砖，甚至花了更长的时间说服合作伙伴帮助建造制造砖块的机器。A. remind提醒；B. cnvince说服；C. assure确保；D. direct指导。根据“It tk her nine mnths t prduce the first brick and even lnger t”可知，首先，Matee花时间制作砖块，然后花了更多的时间说服合伙人建造机器设备。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我很清楚，解决方案必须是实用的、可持续的、负担得起的。A. clear清楚的；B. fair公平的；C. bld大胆的；D. mature成熟的。根据“that the slutin had t be practical, sustainable, and affrdable.”可知，Matee很清楚解决方案需要实用、可持续、能负担。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：要做到这一点，最好的方法是将废物引入建筑中，并找到最有效和最实惠的材料来建造房屋。A. enclsing包围；B. distributing分发；C. channelling引入，输送；D. reversing逆转。根据“the waste int the cnstructin and finding the mst efficient and affrdable material t build hmes”可知，这是Matee想到的最佳方案，将废物引入到建筑中来建造房屋。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种聚合物直接从工厂获得，或者雇佣当地人从内罗毕最大的丹多拉垃圾填埋场挑选。A. distantly遥远地；B. penly公开地；C. secretly秘密地；D. directly直接地。根据“frm factries r picked by hired lcals frm Nairbi’s largest landfill, Dandra”可知，这句表示塑料废物的来源，要么直接从工厂拿，要么就是从垃圾场获得。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：收集的塑料与沙子混合，在非常高的温度下加热，并压缩成不同颜色和厚度的砖。A. replaced替换；B. mixed混合；C. equipped装备；D. fixed固定的。根据“heated at very high temperatures, and cmpressed int bricks that vary in clur and thickness”可知，由于要建造砖头，所以塑料里要混合沙子。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Matee最近被公认为“2020年地球青年卫士”之一，这是联合国最高的环境荣誉。A. level水平；B. grant拨款；C. diplma文凭；D. hnur荣誉。根据“the Yung Champins f the Earth 2020—the United Natins’ highest envirnmental”可知，这是联合国的最高环境荣誉称号。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们回收的塑料越多，我们建造的经济适用房就越多，我们为年轻人创造的就业机会也就越多。A. emplyment就业；B. experiment试验；C. entertainment娱乐；D. investment投资。根据“The mre we recycle the plastic, the mre we prduce affrdable husing, and the mre we create”可知，Matee通过回收塑料，就能帮助建房，这样就能创造就业机会。故选A项。
Sectin B (2*7=14)
Directins: Read the fllwing tw passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
The train was at a standstill, sme twenty minutes utside Klkata, when an unexpected strke f luck presented Piya with an pprtunity t g fr a seat beside a windw fr sme fresh air. She had been sitting in the stuffiest part f the train cmpartment, n the edge f a bench, nw, mving t the pen windw, she saw that the train had stpped at a statin called Champahati.
Lking ver her shulder, Piya sptted a tea-seller n the platfrm. Reaching thrugh the bars f the windw, she called him with a wave. She had never cared fr the kind f chai, Indian tea, sld in Seattle, her hmetwn in the USA, but smehw, in the ten days she had spent in India she had develped an unexpected taste fr milky, verbiled tea served in earthenware cups. There were n spices in it fr ne thing, and this was mre t her taste than the chai at hme.
She paid fr her tea and was trying t get in the cup thrugh the bars when the man in the seat ppsite her wn suddenly turned ver a page, jlting her hand. She turned her wrist quickly enugh t make sure that mst f the tea spilled ut f the windw, but she culd nt prevent sme frm spilling ver his papers.
“Oh, I’m s srry!” Piya was very embarrassed: f everyne in the cmpartment, this was the last persn she wuld have chsen t injure with her tea. She had nticed him while waiting n the platfrm in Klkata and she had been struck by the self-satisfied tilt f his head and the way in which he stared at everyne arund him, taking them in, sizing them up, srting them all int their places.
“Here,” said Piya, prducing a handful f tissues. “Let me help yu clean up.”
“There’s nthing t be dne,” he said testily (暴躁地). “These pages are ruined anyway.”
Fr a mment she cnsidered pinting ut that it was he wh had kncked her hand. But all she culd bring herself t say was, “I’m very srry. I hpe yu’ll excuse me.”
“D I really have a chice?” he said. “Des anyne have a chice when they’re dealing with Americans these days?”
Piya had n wish t get int an argument s she let this pass. Instead, she pened her eyes wide and, in an attempt t restre peace, came ut with, “But hw did yu guess?”
“Abut what?”
“Abut my being American? Yu’re very bservant.”
This seemed t d the trick. His shulders relaxed as he leaned back in his seat. “I didn’t guess,” he said. “I knew.”
31. In the first paragraph, Piya was relieved when she gt a windw seat because it meant that ________.
A. there was mre rm fr her luggage
B. she n lnger had t suffer frm a lack f air
C. there was less chance that she wuld miss her stp
D. she didn’t have t stand fr the rest f the train jurney
32. Piya fund that the tea r chai she had drunk in India ________.
A. was disappintingly weak in taste
B. reminded her f her hme in Seattle
C. wuld have tasted better if served fresh
D. was preferable t the chai she had had befre
33. Piya asked “But hw did yu guess?” in rder t ________.
A. find ut what the man really thught abut Americans
B. ensure the man realized that she had aplgized
C. try t calm the situatin dwn by starting a cnversatin
D. make sure the man knew he was being rude
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了是美国小姑娘Piya在火车上的一次经历。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The train was at a standstill, sme twenty minutes utside Klkata, when an unexpected strke f luck presented Piya with an pprtunity t g fr a seat beside a windw fr sme fresh air. She had been sitting in the stuffiest part f the train cmpartment, n the edge f a bench, nw, mving t the pen windw, she saw that the train had stpped at a statin called Champahati. (火车停在离加尔各答大约二十分钟的地方，这时一个意外的机缘给了琵雅一个机会，她坐在靠窗的座位上呼吸新鲜空气。她一直坐在火车车厢最闷热的地方，坐在长凳边上，现在，她走到敞开的窗口，看到火车停在了一个叫Champahati的车站。)”可知，当Piya找到一个靠窗的座位时，她松了一口气，因为这意味着她再也不用忍受空气不足的痛苦了。故选B项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“She had never cared fr the kind f chai, Indian tea, sld in Seattle, her hmetwn in the USA, but smehw, in the ten days she had spent in India she had develped an unexpected taste fr milky, verbiled tea served in earthenware cups. There were n spices in it fr ne thing, and this was mre t her taste than the chai at hme.(她从来没有喜欢过在她的家乡美国西雅图出售的印度茶，但不知何故，在印度的十天里，她意外地喜欢上了用陶杯盛着的煮过的奶茶。首先，里面没有香料，这比家里的茶更合她的口味。)”可知，Piya发现她在印度喝的茶比她以前喝过的茶更美味。故选D项。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第四段“Piya had n wish t get int an argument s she let this pass. Instead, she pened her eyes wide and, in an attempt t restre peace, came ut with, “But hw did yu guess?”(皮娅不想和别人争吵，所以她就不计较了。相反，她睁大了眼睛，试图恢复平静，说：“但是你是怎么猜到的？”)”以及最后一段“This seemed t d the trick. His shulders relaxed as he leaned back in his seat.(这似乎奏效了。他向后靠在座位上，肩膀放松了下来。)”可知，Piya问：“你是怎么猜的？”的目的是试图通过开始谈话来平息与男子之间紧张的局势。故选C项。
(B)
Cmputers can beat wrld chess champin Gary Kasparv at his game, cunt all the atms in a nuclear explsin, and calculate cmplex figures in a fractin f a secnd, but they still fail at the slight differences in language translatin. Artificial Intelligence cmputers have large amunts f memry, capable f string huge translating dictinaries and extensive lists f grammar rules. Yet, tday’s best cmputer language translatrs have just a 60 percent accuracy rate. Scientists are still unable t prgram the cmputer with human-like cmmn sense reasning pwer.
Cmputer language translatin is called Machine Translatin, r MT. While nt perfect, MT is surprisingly gd. MT was designed t prcess dry, technical language that peple find tedius t translate. Cmputers can translate basic phrases, such as “Yur ft bne’s cnnected t yur ankle bne, yur ankle bne’s cnnected t yur leg bne.” They can translate mre difficult phrases, such as “Which witch is which?” Cmputers can als accurately translate “Wild thing, yu make my heart sing!” int ther languages because they can understand individual wrds, as lng as the wrds are pre-prgrammed in their dictinary.
But highly sensitive types f translating, such as imprtant diplmatic cnversatins, are beynd the scpe f cmputer translating prgrams. Human translatrs use intuitinal meaning, nt lgic, t prcess wrds and phrases int ther languages. A human can prperly translate the phrase, “The pen is in the pen (围养禽畜的圈),” because mst humans knw that it means that a writing instrument is in a small enclsed space. Many times, cmputers d nt have the ability t determine in which way tw identical wrds in ne sentence are t be used.
In additin t using massive rule-prgrammed machines, cmputer prgrammers are als trying t teach cmputers t learn hw t think fr themselves thrugh the “experience” f translating. Even with these effrts, prgrammers admit that a “thinking” cmputer might nt ever be invented in the future.
34. Cmputers tday are capable f ________.
A. defeating the best chess player in the wrld
B. telling subtle differences between languages
C. translating ver 60 percent f difficult texts
D. ding human-like cmmn sense reasning
35. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is NOT true?
A. Cmputers can translate dry and difficult phrase.
B. Cmputers can translate technical language.
C. Cmputers can understand pre-prgrammed wrd.
D. Cmputers can understand sensitive language.
36. T imprve machine translatin, cmputer prgrammers are trying t ________.
A. use pwerful rule-prgrammed cmputers
B. have cmputers cmpile translating dictinaries
C. teach cmputers t think by practice
D. add explanatins f wrds in cmputer prgrams
37. The passage suggests that ________.
A. the accuracy rate f machine translatin cannt be raised
B. it is impssible fr cmputers t think as humans d
C. nly technical language is suitable fr machine translatin
D. it is impssible t determine identical wrds
【答案】34. A 35. D 36. C 37. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在人工智能高度发达的现在，电脑仍然无法区分语言翻译中的细微差别，虽然人工智能计算机拥有大量的内存，能够存储大量的翻译字典和大量的语法规则列表，但是科学家们仍然无法给计算机编程，使其具有类似人类的常识推理能力。文章对此进行了详细介绍。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Cmputers can beat wrld chess champin Gary Kasparv at his game, cunt all the atms in a nuclear explsin, and calculate cmplex figures in a fractin f a secnd, but they still fail at the slight differences in language translatin.(计算机可以在国际象棋比赛中击败世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫，计算核爆炸中的所有原子，并在几分之一秒内计算出复杂的数字，但它们仍然无法在语言翻译方面的细微差异。)”可知，如今的电脑可以击败世界上最好的棋手。故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“But highly sensitive types f translating, such as imprtant diplmatic cnversatins, are beynd the scpe f cmputer translating prgrams.(但是高度敏感的翻译类型，如重要的外交对话，超出了计算机翻译程序的范围。)”可知，电脑无法理解高敏感度的语言。故选D。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“In additin t using massive rule-prgrammed machines, cmputer prgrammers are als trying t teach cmputers t learn hw t think fr themselves thrugh the “experience” f translating.(除了使用大量的规则编程机器外，计算机程序员还试图通过翻译的“经验”教会计算机学习如何独立思考。)”可知，为了改进机器翻译，计算机程序员正试图教会计算机通过练习学会思考。故选C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒第二段“Human translatrs use intuitinal meaning, nt lgic, t prcess wrds and phrases int ther languages. A human can prperly translate the phrase, “The pen is in the pen (围养禽畜的圈),” because mst humans knw that it means that a writing instrument is in a small enclsed space. Many times, cmputers d nt have the ability t determine in which way tw identical wrds in ne sentence are t be used.(人工翻译使用直觉意义，而不是逻辑，将单词和短语处理成其他语言。人类可以正确地翻译“围养禽畜的圈”这句话，因为大多数人都知道这意味着书写工具在一个狭小的封闭空间里。很多时候，计算机没有能力确定一个句子中两个相同的单词的使用方式。)”和最后一段最后一句“Even with these effrts, prgrammers admit that a “thinking” cmputer might nt ever be invented in the future.(即使有了这些努力，程序员们也承认，将来可能永远不会发明出“会思考”的计算机。)”可知，这篇文章表明计算机不可能像人类一样思考。故选B。
Sectin C (1.5*4=6分)
Directins: Read the fllwing passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a prper sentence given in the bx. Each sentence can be used nly nce. Nte that there are tw mre sentences than yu need.
Beast frm the East Causes Chas
Anyne expecting the arrival f spring was bitterly disappinted last week, as freezing temperatures and disruptive (破坏性的)snw swept acrss the UK. ____38____ The Beast frm the East is a wintry strm caused by a majr weather event in the Nrth Ple. ____39____ Because it was weakened, cld air frm Siberia, in Russia, swept in ver Eurpe, bringing with it lw temperatures and snwstrms. Frm 26 February, peple arund the cuntry endured temperatures as lw as-12 ℃ and sme areas were tld t expect as much as 20 centimetres f snwfall.
____40____ It was the first red snw alert ever t be issued in the UK. At least 2,000 schls in England were frced t clse. Zs arund the cuntry als shut in rder t keep the animals safe and warm. Supermarkets reprted queues f peple waiting t stck up n supplies. A spkespersn fr the C-p supermarket said it was usual t see sales increase in extreme weather. “Peple stck up, ready t stay indrs,” he said.
Nrmally, mst peple wuld be expecting t see signs f spring blssming in the first week f March. Incredibly, in spite f the cld weather and fficial warnings, spring has actually sprung in Crnwall. The head gardeners f six majr gardens in the cunty have reprted blms n their magnlia trees--a sign that the seasn is changing-even if it desn’t feel like it. ____41____
A. A red weather warning--the mst extreme-was issued as cnditins became dangerus.
B. It was all thanks t the s-called Beast frm the East.
C There is further heavy snw frecast vernight fr the nrth east and eastern parts f England and islated shwers elsewhere.
D. Fr everyne else, hwever, the Beast frm the East means winter wn't be lsening its grip fr at least a few days yet.
E. Hundreds f trains and dzens f flights were cancelled as Lndn’s transprt services were thrwn int ttal cnfusin.
F. There, a rise in air temperature weakened the jet stream (喷射气流), which is a band f strng wind that mves weather arund the planet.
【答案】38. B 39. F 40. A 41. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。文章主要讲述寒潮Beast frm the East席卷英国。
【38题详解】
由上文“Anyne expecting the arrival f spring was bitterly disappinted last week, as freezing temperatures and disruptive snw swept acrss the UK.(上周，严寒气温和破坏性的大雪席卷了整个英国，所有期待春天到来的人都深感失望)”推知，空处应解释造成这一情况的原因。B项It was all thanks t the s-called Beast frm the East.(这一切都要归功于所谓的Beast frm the East)符合语境，并且“Beast frm the East”也与下文呼应。故选B项。
【39题详解】
由下文“Because it was weakened, cld air frm Siberia, in Russia, swept in ver Eurpe, bringing with it lw temperatures and snwstrms. (因为它被削弱了，来自俄罗斯西伯利亚的冷空气席卷了整个欧洲，带来了低温和暴风雪)”可知，这里主要讲气流的削弱，所以冷气流流向欧洲。F项There, a rise in air temperature weakened the jet stream，which is a band f strng wind that mves weather arund the planet.(在那里，气温上升减弱了喷射气流，喷射气流是一条强风带，可以改变地球周围的天气)符合语境，其中“weakened the jet stream”和下文“Because it was weakened”对应。故选F项。
【40题详解】
由后文“It was the first red snw alert ever t be issued in the UK. At least 2,000 schls in England were frced t clse. Zs arund the cuntry als shut in rder t keep the animals safe and warm. (这是英国有史以来首次发布红色降雪警报。英国至少有2000所学校被迫关闭。为了保护动物的安全和温暖，全国各地的动物园也关闭了)”可知，这里主要讲英国发布了红色降雪警报。A项A red weather warning--the mst extreme-was issued as cnditins became dangerus.(当天气变得危险时，发出了最极端的红色天气警报)符合语境。其中“A red weather warning”与下文“the first red snw alert”对应。故选A项。
【41题详解】
由上文“Nrmally, mst peple wuld be expecting t see signs f spring blssming in the first week f March. Incredibly, in spite f the cld weather and fficial warnings, spring has actually sprung in Crnwall. The head gardeners f six majr gardens in the cunty have reprted blms n their magnlia trees --a sign that the seasn is changing-even if it desn't feel like it.(通常，大多数人都希望在三月的第一周看到春天开花的迹象。令人难以置信的是，尽管天气寒冷，官方也发出警告，康沃尔郡却迎来了春天。该县六大花园的园长报告说，他们的木兰树开花了，这表明季节正在改变，即使感觉不到)”可知，一些地方天气已经回暖，D项Fr everyne else, hwever, the Beast frm the East means winter wn’t be lsening its grip fr at least a few days yet.(然而，对于其他人来说，the Beast frm the East意味着冬天至少在几天内不会放松)符合语境，其中 hwever表与前文转折，“a sign that the seasn is changing”与后文“winter wn’t be lsening its grip fr at least a few days yet”形成对比。故选D项。
Ⅳ. Sentence cmpletin. (1*10=10)
Directins: cmplete each f the sentences with prper wrds r expressins.
42. 在粮食生产上，我们国家做到了自给自足。
Our cuntry ______________ fd prductin.
【答案】has been self-sufficient in
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“在……上做到了自给自足”，“在……上做到自给自足”是固定短语be self-sufficient in，句子表示“已经做到了自给自足”，因此时态用现在完成时，主语Our cuntry是单数，因此空格处是has been self-sufficient in。故填has been self-sufficient in。
43. 这些照片唤起了我的情感，我对它们所呈现的高中经历记忆犹新。
These phts have appealed t my emtins, and the experiences f my senir high schl they present are still ______________.
【答案】vivid in my memry
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词短语。“记忆犹新”vivid in ne’s memry，由句意可知，形容词性物主代词应用my。故填vivid in my memry。
44. 我们天天看报，好了解时事。(keep up)
We read newspapers every day ______________.
【答案】t keep up current events
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。“了解”使用动词短语keep up，“时事”译为current events，空处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填t keep up current events。
45. 越来越多的人为了追求梦想而搬到另一个城市。(pursuit)
Mre and mre peple mve t anther city ______________.
【答案】in pursuit f their dreams
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。“追求”使用介词短语in pursuit f，“梦想”使用名词复数dreams，故填in pursuit f their dreams。
46. 世上万物都得遵从自然法则。(subjected)
Everything n earth ______________ the law f nature.
【答案】is subjected t
【解析】
【详解】考查短语。结合句意“遵从”可知应用短语be subjected t，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为不定代词，谓语用单数。故填is subjected t。
47. 事实证明，市场毕竟不是理性的。(turn)
______________ the market was nt ratinal after all.
【答案】It turned ut that
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“事实证明”，用it turned/ turns ut that，其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。根据语境可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式turned。故填It turned ut that。
48. 我们支持你发起禁烟运动。
Yu have ur backing t ______________ against smking.
【答案】launch a campaign
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和名词。根据句意，表示“发起”应为launch，表示“运动”应为campaign，结合句意可知，此处为泛指意义，所以campaign前需加不定冠词a，所以，表示“发起运动”应为launch a campaign，位于不定式符号t之后，所以此处使用动词原形。故填launch a campaign。
49. 如果朋友有困难，你不觉得有义务帮他吗？
If yur friend were in truble, wuldn’t yu ______________ ffer him help?
【答案】feel bligated t
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词、情态动词。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“觉得有义务”，表示“觉得”用feel，与情态动词wuldn’t连用，用动词原形。表示“有义务的”用形容词bligated，作表语。表示“觉得有义务做某事”用feel bligated t d sth.。故填feel bligated t。
50. 每项计划都是根据当地情况量身订做。(tailr)
Each prgram ______________ lcal cnditins.
【答案】is tailred t
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“根据……量身定做”。结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，表示“专门制作，订做”用tailr，与主语Each prgram为被动关系，句子用一般现在时的被动语态，表示“根据……量身订做”用be tailred t，t为介词，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is tailred t。
51. 这次发射标志着航空业的一个新的里程碑。
The launch marks ______________ the space industry.
【答案】a new milestne in
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和介词。“一个新的里程碑”翻译为a new milestne，milestne作mark的宾语，表示“在航空业”使用介词in，故填a new milestne in。
Ⅴ. Translatin: (3+3+4+5=15)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
52. 这本科幻小说开阔孩子们在科技方面的眼界，值得推荐。(pen) (汉译英)
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【答案】This science fictin nvel pens up children’s hrizns in science and technlgy and is wrthy f recmmendatin.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。“这本科幻小说”是this science fictin nvel，“开阔某人的眼界”是pen up ne’s hrizns，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语this science fictin nvel是单数，因此pen用第三人称单数，“孩子们”也就是“孩子们的”，用名词所有格children’s，“在科技方面”是in science and technlgy，“值得推荐”是be wrthy f recmmendatin，用and连接两个句子，时态是一般现在时，主语this science fictin nvel是单数，因此be动词用is，因此整句话翻译为“This science fictin nvel pens up children’s hrizns in science and technlgy and is wrthy f recmmendatin”。故答案为This science fictin nvel pens up children’s hrizns in science and technlgy and is wrthy f recmmendatin.
53. 作为一名意志坚定的运动员，他本赛季的目标是打进5球。(targeted) (汉译英)
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【答案】As a determined player, his gal is targeted at scring five gals this seasn.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、形容词、名词、固定短语、非谓语动词。表示“作为”用as，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“坚定的”用形容词determined，作定语，修饰名词“运动员”。表示“运动员”用player，根据“一名意志坚定的运动员”可知，用单数形式。此处泛指“一名意志坚定的运动员”，且determined以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。表示“他的目标”用his gal，作主语。表示“目标是”用固定短语be targeted at，结合语境可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为his gal，be动词用is。表示“进5球”用scre five gals，用动名词，作at的宾语。表示“本赛季”用this seasn。故翻译为As a determined player, his gal is targeted at scring five gals this seasn.
54. 《老人与海》教会我们：一个人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败。（lessn）（汉译英）
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【答案】The Old Man and the Sea teaches us that a man can be destryed, but nt defeated.
【解析】
【详解】考查一般现在时、语法一致和宾语从句。表示《老人与海》应用The Old Man and the Sea作主语，为第三人称单数。表示“教会某人某事”应用teach sb sth。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。在宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，且不缺少意义，所以应用从属连词that。表示“毁灭”应用动词destry，表示“被”应用被动语态，表示“可以”应用情态动词can，表示“打败”应用动词defeat，表示“被”应用被动语态，第二个can可以省略。再结合其它汉语意思，故翻译为The Old Man and the Sea teaches us that a man can be destryed, but nt defeated.。
55. 在这部热门电影的发布会上，专业摄影师们眼观六路，耳听八方，以免错过感人场面。(fr fear) (汉译英)
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【答案】At the launch f the hit film, prfessinal phtgraphers kept their eyes and ears pen fr fear that they wuld miss any tuching scenes.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语，时态和目的状语从句。“在……的发布会上”是at the launch f，“这部热门电影”是the hit film，“专业摄影师们”是prfessinal phtgraphers，“眼观六路，耳听八方”是过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，翻译为“kept ne’s eyes and ears pen”，主语是prfessinal phtgraphers，ne’s用their，“以免”是fr fear that，引导目的状语从句，“错过感人场面”也就是“他们会错过感人场面”，时态用过去将来时wuld d，“错过”是miss，“感人场面”是any tuching scenes，因此整句话翻译为“At the launch f the hit film, prfessinal phtgraphers kept their eyes and ears pen fr fear that they wuld miss any tuching scenes”。故答案为At the launch f the hit film, prfessinal phtgraphers kept their eyes and ears pen fr fear that they wuld miss any tuching scenes.A. physical B. cnfused C. pumping D. emtinally E. invlve F. recgnizing
G characterized H. reference I. initial J. generusly K. malfunctined