上海市紫竹园中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份上海市紫竹园中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版），文件包含上海市紫竹园中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题原卷版docx、上海市紫竹园中学2023-2024学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共57页， 欢迎下载使用。
Part I
I. Listening Cmprehensin (25’)
Sectin A Shrt Cnversatins
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. A shp assistant.B. A dctr.C. A waiter.D. A travel guide.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: What a variety f salads yu’ve gt n yur menu. Culd yu recmmend smething special?
M: Well, I think yu can try this mixed salad.
Q: Wh is mst prbably the man?
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. At a gift shp.B. At a graduatin ceremny.
C. In the ffice f a travel agency.D. In a schl library.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: Are yu lking fr anything in particular?
M: Yes. My sn is graduating frm high schl, and I want t get him smething interesting.
Q: Where des the cnversatin mst prbably take place?
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. He des nt have a gd memry.
B. He used t wrk in an IT cmpany.
C. He declined a jb ffer frm an IT cmpany.
D. He is nt interested in any part-time jbs.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】M: David tld me yesterday that he failed t get the jb in an IT cmpany.
W: Really? If I remember right, he had a chance t wrk there but he turned it dwn.
Q: What des the wman say abut David?
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The wman can search the bx fr printing paper.
B. He desn’t knw where the ffice supplies are.
C. The have already run ut f printing paper.
D. The ffice supplies are far frm enugh.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: D yu knw where we keep printing paper?
M: It shuld be in the bx if there is any. That’s where we keep all f ur ffice supplies.
Q: What des the man imply?
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. She wishes she had seen the play.
B. The music wasn’t as gd as the scenery.
C. The scenery culd have been mre realistic.
D. The actrs in the play didn’t d s well.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: I really enjy the play. They did a great jb with the scenery. I felt like I was back in the 20th century.
W: I wish yu culd say the same thing abut the music.
Q: What des the wman imply?
6. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The dictinary will be re-printed sn.
B. He can read the explanatin fr the wman.
C. The printing f the dictinary is just gd.
D. He cannt read the explanatin either.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W: The printing f this dictinary is s small. I can’t read the explanatins at all.
M: Let me get my glasses. I knw I just can’t d withut it.
Q: What des the man mean?
7. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Their heavy wrklad.
B. Hw t select secretaries.
C. Hw t imprve wrk efficiency.
D. The secretaries in the man’s cmpany.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】W: I really admire the efficiency f yur secretaries.
M: Our cmpany selects nly the best. They have a heavy wrklad, and we give them a lt f respnsibilities.
Q: What are the speakers talking abut?
8. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. The wman cannt figure ut what is in his ntes.
B. The wman shuld cmment n his handwriting.
C. He is very pleased t be able t help.
D. He did nt attend tday’s classes.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】W: I missed classes this mrning. Culd yu please lend me yur ntes?
M: My ntes? I’m afraid yu may nt be able t read my handwriting.
Q: What des the man imply?
9. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A The restaurant is a gd place fr birthday celebratin.
B. The new restaurant caught her attentin immediately.
C. The man has gd taste in chsing the restaurant.
D. The man had better chse anther restaurant.
【答案】D
【解析】
【原文】M: I’m taking my parents t the new restaurant fr my mm’s birthday tnight.
W: I went there last weekend. I fund it rather disappinting.
Q: What des the wman mean?
10. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
A. Design her ffice withut charging any fees.
B. Tell her hw much the redecratin might cst.
C. Give her tips n which design academy t chse.
D. Cnfirm whether her ffice really needs redecrating.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】W: I’m cnsidering having my ffice redecrated.
M: I’ll give yu my sister-in-law’s number. She just graduated frm a designing academy, and will give a free estimate abut hw much it might cst.
Q: Accrding t the man, what can his sister-in-law d fr the wman?
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages and ne lnger cnversatin, and yu will be asked several questins n each f the passages and the cnversatin. The passages and the cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne wuld be the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
11.
A. Hw tea bags gained ppularity.B. Hw tea bags came int being.
C. Hw tea bags are made.D. Hw tea bags are sld.
12.
A. Tea was cnsumed as lse leaves.
B. Tea was usually stred in small silk bags.
C. Tea had different flavrs due t the added substances.
D. Tea was taken ut after biled water was pured ver it.
13.
A. Tea leaves being wrapped up by silk.B. Tea leaves being remved frm the bags.
C. Silk bags being dipped int the water.D. Paper bags being intrduced.
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. D
【解析】
【原文】Over the centuries, tea has been made in many different ways acrss the wrld. In the USA, until a little ver a hundred years ag, dried tea was always sld and cnsumed as lse leaves. T make a drink, biled water was pured ver the tea leaves and left t stand while the water absrbed the flavr f the leaves.
In 1908, Thmas Sullivan, a New Yrk tea salesman, had the bright idea f putting tea leaves in small silk bags t hand ut as samples t ptential custmers. Sullivan intended the tea t be remved frm the bags befre making a drink in the cnventinal manner. Hwever, fr the sake f cnvenience, his custmers came up with the revlutinary practice f dipping the silk bag, cntents and all, int biling water. Cheap paper bags were intrduced in the 1920s, cmpleting the design f the mdern tea bag. Tday billins f individual paper bags f tea are sld annually wrldwide.
Questins
11. What is the passage mainly abut?
12. What can be learned abut tea cnsumptin in the USA mre than a hundred years ag?
13. Which f the fllwing was the final tuch t the design f the mdern tea bag?
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
14.
A. Dgs respnd t calls like humans.
B. Dgs and humans had a different ancestr
C. Dgs used t have a mre cmplex brain system.
D. Dgs and humans make sunds in a similar way.
15.
A. 22 dgs in all were invlved in the experiment.
B. The dgs were all awake while they were being scanned.
C. The dgs were as sensitive t human sunds as t dg sunds.
D. The dgs listened t as many human nises as dg nises.
16.
A. It may nt have anything t d with evlutin.
B. It prvides evidence fr dgs’ attachment t humans.
C. It prves that dgs have a sharp sense f sund.
D. It may nt be supprted by ther experiments.
【答案】14. A 15. B 16. A
【解析】
【原文】The brains f humans and dgs respnd in the same way t sunds like laughter and barking. The finding suggests that ur vice prcessing areas are passed dwn frm a cmmn ancestr. Attila Andics f the MECE Research Grup in Budapest, Hungary, and his clleagues trained 11 dgs t lie in a scanner. As the dgs listened t nearly 200 human and dg nises, the team recrded brain activity. They als perfrmed the same experiment n 22 humans. Animals are usually asleep fr scans. But recently, better training has meant sme dgs will lie still lng enugh t be scanned while awake. Andics is the first t cmpare humans and dgs in the same experiment.
Human and dg brains lit up in similar areas in respnse t the sunds. Dgs respnded mre t dg sunds, and humans mre t human sunds. Andics says the results hint at a single evlutinary rigin fr the vice prcessing area f human and dg brains, dating back t at least 100 millin years ag—the last time humans and dgs shared an ancestr.
But Clive Wynne f Arizna State University ffers an alternative explanatin. “The dgs’ respnses culd just be the result f a lifetime listening t human vices,” he says.
Questins
14. What is the passage mainly abut?
15. What can be learned abut the dgs in Attila Andics’ experiment?
16. Hw des Clive Wynne explain Attila Andics’ finding?
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17.
A. The museum is ld and needs repairing.
B. The museum is lcated in the main square.
C. The museum has been ppular with glbal visitrs.
D. The museum has a large cllectin f Latin American art.
18.
A. The Belleview.B. The Lighthuse Café.
C. Harvey’s.D. Stnecrft Huse.
19.
A. They are t expensive.B. They have a lng histry.
C. The prvide gd fd.D. They are well-received by lcal peple.
20.
A. The Belleview has been there fr ver a century.
B. Harvey’s has just been taken ver by new wners.
C. The Lighthuse Café is right by the sea.
D. Stnecrft Huse has a new chef.
【答案】17. A 18. B 19. A 20. D
【解析】
【原文】M: Can I ask yu abut the museum in the main square? I was reading abut it in my guide bk and was shcked t see that the entrance price is £10. Why des it cst s much?
W: Well, the museum has the largest cllectin f Latin American art in Eurpe. But that’s nt the reasn why it’s s expensive t get in. Yu see, the building is very ld and it needs repairs. The £10 ticket cst will g twards repairing the rf and the walls.
M: I see. Well, I suppse it’s wrth paying £10 t see the cllectin.
W: Yes, I think s t.
M: By the way, I was wndering if yu knew f any gd restaurants in the area.
W: Is it fr a special ccasin?
M: Yes, it’s my wife’s birthday s I’d like t g smewhere special.
W: Well, I knw abut a few f them, and there are pictures in this leaflet here. This ne here is lvely, the Belleview. It has a famus chef, s it’s nt cheap, but the standard f the fd is very high. It’s right by the sea and there are wnderful views if yu get a gd table. Then there’s The Lighthuse Café — yu can see the picture here — which isn’t really a café at all. In fact, it’s a great restaurant and a lt f TV celebrities and actrs eat there. The place has been ging fr ver a hundred years!
M: Mm. I’m nt sure abut thse tw — they sund t expensive t me. I was thinking f smewhere small but with gd fd.
W: In that case what abut Harvey’s? The same family has run this restaurant fr ver a century, and it’s reasnably priced and really ppular with lcal peple. And there’s anther family-run restaurant, Stnecrft Huse. New wners tk ver a mnth ag and they’re getting gd reviews. There’s a new chef there and the fd is meant t be very gd. This leaflet has the cntact details fr all the restaurants s yu can just call them if yu’d like t bk a table.
M: Great, thanks. Yu’ve been very helpful.
Questins
17. Accrding t the wman, why des the museum ticket cst £10?
18. Which restaurant is the ne ppular with TV celebrities and actrs?
19. What des the man say abut the Belleview and the Lighthuse Café?
20. Which f the fllwing statements is true f the restaurants mentined by the wman?
II. Vcabulary Sectin A (20’)
*(A)
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd given in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nly nce. Nte that there is tw wrds mre than yu need.
21. The idea f teaching has always seemed bth hnrable and hrrible t me(t much wrk, t little mney, n ________________.
22. American peple emphasize efficiency, cmpetitin and ________________ while Chinese peple give pririty t careful planning and encurage clse cperatin and altruistic dedicatin amng team members.
23. Teachers imagine they will imprve utcmes if they ________________ their presentatin t each student.
24. I was s cnfused that I culd hardly ________________ my thughts.
25. The discvery caused a ________________, peple assciate the sea eel with live animals, but als did nt express any dubt.
26. Hwever, these disrders ften remain thrughut life due t neglect r ________________ f specific kind f treatment.
27. “The armed frces’ perfrmance has been utstanding and I ________________ their cmmitment, curage and prfessinalism,” he said.
28. Silk quickly grew int a ________________ f status, and riginally, nly the ryalty were entitled t have clthes made f silk.
29. Scientists have knwn fr a while when a bdy becmes starved fr________________, cells start eating bits and pieces f themselves.
30. As a result, mst f us end up chsing ________________ excellence ver persnal achievement, and ften we lse urselves in the prcess.
【答案】21. G 22. E
23. L 24. C
25. H 26. A
27. B 28. K
29. J 30. F
【解析】
【21题详解】
考查名词。句意：对我来说，教书这个职业既光荣又可怕(工作太多，钱太少，得不到认可)。根据空格前的“t much wrk, t little mney”可知，名词recgnitin“认可”符合题意。故选G项。
【22题详解】
考查名词。句意：美国人强调效率、竞争和独创性，而中国人则把精心规划放在首位，鼓励团队成员之间的密切合作和无私奉献。根据空格前的“American peple emphasize efficiency, cmpetitin”可知，名词riginality“创造力”，并列作宾语，符合题意。故选E项。
【23题详解】
考查动词。句意：教师们认为，如果他们为每个学生量身定制他们的演讲，他们将提高教学效果。空格处是谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是they，用动词原形；根据句意，动词tailr“定做”符合题意。故选L项。
【24题详解】
考查动词。句意：我很困惑，几乎无法理清思绪。culd后用动词原形，根据句意，动词cmpse“使镇静；使平静”符合题意。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查名词。句意：这一发现引起了轰动，人们把海鳗和活体动物联系在一起，也没有表示任何怀疑。caused a后用单数名词作宾语，根据句意，名词sensatin“轰动”符合题意。故选H项。
【26题详解】
考查名词。句意：然而，由于忽视或缺乏特定类型的治疗，这些疾病往往终生存在。根据句意，空格处应该填入名词absence构成短语absence f“缺乏；缺少”符合句意。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词。句意：他说：“武装部队的表现非常出色，我赞赏他们的承诺、勇气和专业精神。”空格处用动词作谓语，根据句意，动词applaud“鼓掌；称赞，赞许”符合题意。故选B项。
【28题详解】
考查名词。句意：丝绸很快成为一种地位的象征，最初，只有皇室才有资格穿丝绸做的衣服。根据空格前的grew int a可知，空格处应该用可数名词单数形式作宾语，根据句意，名词symbl“象征”符合题意。故选K项。
【29题详解】
考查名词。句意：科学家们早就知道，当身体缺乏食物时，细胞就会开始一点点地吃掉自己。根据空格前的starved fr可知，空格处应该用名词作宾语，根据句意名词sustenance“食物”符合题意。故选J项。
【30题详解】
考查形容词。句意：因此，我们中的大多数人最终选择了专业上的卓越而不是个人成就，而且常常在这个过程中迷失了自我。空格处应该用形容词作定语，修饰后面的名词excellence，根据句意形容词prfessinal“专业的”符合题意。故选F项。
*(B)
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd given in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nly nce. Nte that there is tw wrds mre than yu need.
31. The great ral wrks transmitted a shared cultural ________________, held in cmmn nt n bkshelves, but in brains.
32. Knwing as much ________________ infrmatin as pssible can help us avid making arbitrary decisins.
33. The ________________ f military rule als rbbed lcal leaders f pprtunities t participate in lcal gvernment, s scial develpment was stunted and the seeds f disaffectin swn.
34. It seems that the recent electral shcks have shaken the Eurpean plitical ________________.
35. T avid all that, farmers ften retreat int ________________ farming r lk fr alternative livelihds.
36. One methd which can be adpted t curb the prblems which ________________ ut f unemplyment amng yuths invlves the prviding f relief.
37. Wrking with native speakers can help us get a gd ________________ f the language.
38. Fllwing Naplen’s defeat at Waterl, France’s Burbn mnarchy was ________________, which was the first fragile step in a diminished state’s return t the family f Eurpean natins.
39. There is a wide range f things that actrs can d with this rle, and King Lear is widely acclaimed fr its actrs’ brilliant ________________.
40. Thugh sme Abriginal Australians did ________________ — up t 20,000 indigenus peple died in vilent cnflict n the clny’s frntier — mst were subjugated by massacres and the impverishment f their cmmunities.
【答案】31. C 32. I
33. D 34. F
35. J 36. A
37. B 38. K
39. E 40. L
【解析】
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：伟大的口头作品传递了一种共同的文化遗产，不是放在书架上，而是放在大脑里。根据“The great ral wrks transmitted a shared cultural”可知，此处是指伟大的口头作品传递了一种共同的文化遗产。名词heritage意为“遗产”，符合句意。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：了解尽可能多的相关信息可以帮助我们避免做出武断的决定。根据“can help us avid making arbitrary decisins”可知，此处是指了解尽可能多的相关信息。形容词relevant意为“相关的”，符合句意。故选I。
【33题详解】
考查名词。句意：军事统治的强加也剥夺了地方领导人参与地方政府的机会，因此社会发展受到阻碍，并播下了不满的种子。根据“als rbbed lcal leaders f pprtunities t participate in lcal gvernment”可知，此处是指军事统治的强加。名词impsitin意为“强加”，符合句意。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：最近的选举风波似乎动摇了欧洲的政治格局。根据“It seems that the recent electral shcks have shaken the Eurpean plitical”可知，此处是指欧洲的政治格局，名词landscape意为“形势，情形”，符合句意。故选F。
【35题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了避免这一切，农民们经常退回到抵抗农业或寻找其他生计。根据“r lk fr alternative livelihds”可知，此处是指抵抗农业，动词resist意为“抵抗”，符合句意。故选J。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：遏制青年中因失业而产生的问题可以采取的一种方法是提供救济。根据“curb the prblems”和“ut f unemplyment”可知，此处是指因失业而产生的问题，动词arise意为“产生”，符合句意。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：和以英语为母语的人一起工作可以帮助我们更好地掌握这门语言。根据“f the language”可知，此处是指更好地掌握这门语言。名词grasp意为“掌握”，符合句意。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查动词。句意：拿破仑在滑铁卢战败后，法国波旁王朝复辟，这是一个衰落的国家回归欧洲国家大家庭的脆弱的第一步。根据“Fllwing Naplen’s defeat at Waterl, France’s Burbn mnarchy”可知，此处是指法国波旁王朝复辟。动词restre意为“使恢复”，符合句意，和主语构成被动关系。故选K。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：演员们可以扮演这个角色做很多事情，《李尔王》因演员们出色的演绎而广受赞誉。根据“fr its actrs’ brilliant”可知，此处是指演员们出色的演绎。名词interpretatin意为“表演”，符合句意。故选E。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：尽管一些澳大利亚土著人能够维持生计——多达2万名土著人在殖民地边境的暴力冲突中丧生——但大多数人都被屠杀和社区的贫困所征服。根据“up t 20,000 indigenus peple died in vilent cnflict n the clny’s frntier — mst were subjugated by massacres and the impverishment f their cmmunities”可知，此处是指尽管一些澳大利亚土著人能够维持生计，名词subsistence表示“勉强生存，维持生计”，符合句意。故选L。
Sectin B (10’)
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The vast jungles f the Amazn rainfrest are hme t tribes (部落) mstly islated frm the utside wrld, whse way f life, largely unchanged fr hundreds f years, is nw ___41___ threatened by mdern civilizatin.
Nw, scientists discver they can mnitr these “uncntacted tribes” using satellites, which wuld allw inexpensive and safe ___42___ f these tribes in rder t prtect them frm utside threats.
In rder t help ___43___ these uncntacted Indians, researchers need accurate estimates f their ppulatins. One way t cllect this data invlves flying ver their villages, but such ver-flights are bth expensive and culd fill these native peples with fear. Anther strategy invlves meeting individuals n the grund, but amng ther risks, scientists culd ___44___ spread disease t members f the tribes.
Instead, scientists ___45___ whether satellite images culd mnitr uncntacted tribes. The result was inspiring. They ___46___ their lcatins and measured the sizes f their villages, huses and gardens. “We can find islated villages with remte ___47___ and study them ver time.” Walker tld Live Science. “We can ask: Are they grwing? D they mve?”
Surprisingly, based n the sizes f the huses and villages, the scientists find the ppulatin densities f these islated villages are abut 10 times greater, n ___48___, than ther villages f native Brazilian peples. This may be due t the fact that they have t live clser tgether because they are nt as gd at ___49___ the frest, since they lack mdern devices like chainsaws and tractrs, the researchers said. The tribes may als be afraid f spreading ut due t fear f being ___50___ by utsiders, Walker said.
The researchers nw plan t fcus n 29 mre islated villages t “lk at their eclgy--that is, distance frm rivers and rads--and use this t mdel where else we can find mre islated villages,” Walker said.
【答案】41. F 42. K
43. H 44. A
45. G 46. E
47. I 48. C
49. D 50. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们使用卫星来监视这些“与世隔绝的部落”，这将使这些部落免受外部威胁的廉价和安全的跟踪成为可能。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：亚马逊雨林的广阔丛林是与外界隔绝的部落的家园，他们的生活方式几百年来基本没有改变，现在却越来越多地受到现代文明的威胁。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“越来越多地”，故用副词increasingly，修饰谓语is threatened。故选F。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：现在，科学家们发现他们可以使用卫星来监视这些“与世隔绝的部落”，这将使这些部落免受外部威胁的廉价和安全的跟踪成为可能。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“跟踪”，故用名词tracking ，作allw的宾语。故选K。
【43题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了保护这些与世隔绝的印第安人，研究人员需要对他们的人口进行准确的估计。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“保护”，故用动词preserve，固定搭配help d sth.“帮助做某事”。故选H。
【44题详解】
考查副词。句意：另一种策略是在实地与个体会面，但在其他风险中，科学家可能会意外地将疾病传播给部落成员。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“意外地”，故用副词accidentally，修饰后面的动词spread。故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：相反，科学家们调查了卫星图像是否可以监测未接触的部落。结果令人鼓舞。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“调查”，故用动词investigate，根据语境可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式investigated。故选G。
【46题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：他们确认了他们的位置，并测量了他们的村庄、房屋和花园的大小。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“确认”，故用副词cnfirm，根据语境可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式cnfirmed。故选E。
【47题详解】
考查名词。句意：我们可以通过遥感找到与世隔绝的村庄，并对它们进行长期研究。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“感觉”，故用名词sensing，作with的宾语。故选I。
【48题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：令人惊讶的是，根据房屋和村庄的大小，科学家们发现这些孤立村庄的人口密度平均比巴西原住民的其他村庄高10倍左右。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“平均”，故用average，n average为固定短语。故选C。
【49题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员说，这可能是因为他们没有链锯和拖拉机等现代设备，他们不擅长砍伐森林，所以不得不住得更近。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“清理”，故用动词clear，用动名词clearing，作at的宾语。故选D。
【50题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：沃克说，由于害怕受到外来者的攻击，这些部落也可能害怕散开。结合上下文可知，该空处意思为“攻击”，故用动词attack，The tribes与attack为被动关系，用过去分词，与being构成动名词的被动形式，作f的宾语。故选B。
III. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A (30’)
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext.
(A)
When authring his epitaph (墓志铭), Thmas Jeffersn mitted his tw terms as the natin’s third president yet included “Father f the University f Virginia.” The Funding Father spent the last years f his life nt in the ___51___ but instead pursuing ne f his mst treasured missins: it was creating the University f Virginia. As mastermind f the university’s architecture and curriculum, Jeffersn assured that what he ___52___ was sund.
Jeffersn persnally designed and versaw the ___53___ f what he wuld regard as an “academic village.” At the frnt and center f a tree-lined lawn area, Jeffersn ___54___ psitined the Rtunda, a rund brick building featuring classical Greek clumns in frnt. The dmed (圆顶的) tp f the Rtunda cntained a library stcked with 7,000 bks ___55___ by Jeffersn himself, while the area beneath included tw flrs f classrms. At that time, such nticeable placement f the Rtunda was a marked ___56___ frm ther universities’ designs, which generally featured chapels (小教堂) fr the training f clergy (牧师).
___57___ use f the grassy area in frnt f the Rtunda, Jeffersn added ten tw-stry huses fr teachers’ husing and cnnected them t student drmitries with clnnades, clumn- lined cvered walkways. T keep teachers ___58___ while they were talking heated, Jeffersn included dining halls in his design, referring t them as “htels.”
In the spirit f his new natin, Jeffersn intrduced the ntin f what we nw call electives. Instead f a strictly dictated curriculum, students culd ___59___ frm ten academic disciplines. These disciplines were subject areas that ___60___ frm ancient and mdern languages t certain branches f science. T supprt the ___61___ cmpnents f the university’s curriculum, Jeffersn included a btanical garden, an experimental farm, and an bservatry. (Nt ne t ___62___ the slightest detail, Jeffersn shwcased the ten categries by placing a carefully chsen Rman symbl n each f the ten huse.)
Althugh he didn’t live t see the full cmpletin f the university’s cnstructin, r ___63___ the graduatin f the first senir class, Jeffersn ensured that the university, which wuld later be named a Wrld Heritage site, ___64___ free chice in classes, respect fr classical rutes, and curisity abut the sciences.
Thse principles are frever remembered in the last part f his epitaph, which, if stated differently, culd easily have read “___65___visinary fr all Americans.”
51.
A. cmpanyB. schlC. gvernmentD. library
52.
A. figured utB. left behindC. carried nD. tk ver
53.
A. cnstructinB. decratinC. evlutinD. launch
54.
A. ptimisticallyB. accidentallyC. emtinallyD. strategically
55.
A. editedB. writtenC. chsenD. cpied
56.
A. absenceB. departureC. preventinD. relief
57.
A. MaximizingB. DenyingC. PrtectingD. Lsing
58.
A. turned tB. held upC. lked tD. fuelled up
59.
A. selectB. differC. hearD. keep
60.
A. datedB. rangedC. resultedD. brrwed
61.
A. mathematicsB. languageC. scienceD. histry
62.
A. verlkB. nticeC. hideD. explre
63.
A. lessB. ratherC. elseD. even
64.
A. encuragedB. refrmedC. questinedD. evaluated
65.
A. persnalB. academicC. prfessinalD. ecnmic
【答案】51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. C 56. B 57. A 58. D 59. A 60. B 61. C 62. A 63. D 64. A 65. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国总统托马斯·杰斐逊在生命的最后几年没有在政府工作，而是追求他最珍视的使命之一：创建弗吉尼亚大学。介绍了大学的建造经过和细节。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位国父在他生命的最后几年没有在政府工作，而是追求他最珍视的使命之一：创建弗吉尼亚大学。A. cmpany公司；B. schl学校；C. gvernment政府；D. library图书馆。根据上文“When authring his epitaph, Thmas Jeffersn mitted his tw terms as the natin’s third president yet included “Father f the University f Virginia.”(在撰写他的墓志铭时，托马斯·杰斐逊省略了他作为美国第三任总统的两届任期，但却包括了“弗吉尼亚大学之父”)”可知，指他在他生命的最后几年没有在政府工作，故选C。
【52题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为大学建筑和课程的策划者，杰斐逊保证他留下的东西是健全的。A. figured ut弄清楚；B. left behind遗留；C. carried n继续；D. tk ver接管。根据上文“but instead pursuing ne f his mst treasured missins: it was creating the University f Virginia”可知，这位国父在他生命的最后几年没有在政府工作，而是追求他最珍视的使命之一：创建弗吉尼亚大学，即杰斐逊保证他留下的东西是健全的。故选B。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：杰斐逊亲自设计并监督了这座他称之为“学术村”的建筑。A. cnstructin建造；B. decratin装饰；C. evlutin进化；D. launch启动。根据上文“instead pursuing ne f his mst treasured missins: it was creating the University f Virginia”指杰斐逊亲自设计并监督了这座他称之为“学术村”的建筑。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在绿树成荫的草坪区域的前部和中心，杰斐逊战略性地定位了圆形大厅，这是一座圆形的砖砌建筑，前面有古典希腊圆柱。A. ptimistically乐观地；B. accidentally偶然；C. emtinally情感上；D. strategically战略上。根据后文“psitined the Rtunda, a rund brick building featuring classical Greek clumns in frnt”指他设计大厅，战略性地定位了圆形大厅，这是一座圆形的砖砌建筑，前面有古典希腊圆柱。故选D。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：圆形大厅的圆顶顶部包含一个图书馆，里面有杰斐逊自己选择的7000本书，而下面的区域包括两层教室。A. edited编辑；B. written写；C. chsen选择；D. cpied复制。根据后文“by Jeffersn himself”可知，这些书是他亲自挑选的，故选C。
【56题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时，圆形大厅如此引人注目的位置与其他大学的设计明显不同，其他大学的设计通常以小教堂为特色，用于培训神职人员。A. absence缺席；B. departure区别；C. preventin阻止；D. relief安慰。根据后文“frm ther universities’ designs, which generally featured chapels fr the training f clergy”可知，圆形大厅如此引人注目的位置与其他大学的设计明显不同，其他大学的设计通常以小教堂为特色，用于培训神职人员。故选B。
【57题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了最大限度地利用圆形大厅前的草地，杰斐逊增加了10栋两层的房子作为教师的住房，并将它们与学生宿舍连接起来，这些宿舍有柱廊和柱廊内衬的有盖人行道。A. Maximizing最大化；B. Denying否认；C. Prtecting保护；D. Lsing失去。根据后文“Jeffersn added ten tw-stry huses fr teachers’ husing and cnnected them t student drmitries with clnnades, clumn- lined cvered walkways”可知，杰斐逊增加了10栋两层的房子作为教师的住房，并将它们与学生宿舍连接起来，这些宿舍有柱廊和柱廊内衬的有盖人行道，是为了最大限度地利用圆形大厅前的草地，故选A。
【58题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了让教师们在热烈讨论的同时补充能量，杰斐逊在他的设计中加入了食堂，称其为 “旅馆”。A. turned t求助于；B. held up耽搁；C. lked t期望；D. fuelled up刺激，补充能量。根据后文“Jeffersn included dining halls in his design, referring t them as “htels.””可知，食堂的作用是给老师补充能量。故选D。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：学生可以从十个学科中选择，而不是严格规定的课程。A. select选择；B. differ不同于；C. hear听见；D. keep保持。根据后文“frm ten academic disciplines”指学生可以从十个学科中选择，故选A。
【60题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些学科涵盖了从古代和现代语言到某些科学分支的学科领域。A. dated注有日期；B. ranged变化；C. resulted导致；D. brrwed借来。后文“frm ancient and mdern languages t certain branches f science.”主要说明了学科的变化范围。故选B。
【61题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了支持大学课程的“科学”部分，杰斐逊包括了一个植物园，一个实验农场和一个天文台。A. mathematics数学；B. language语言；C. science科学；D. histry历史。根据后文“Jeffersn included a btanical garden, an experimental farm, and an bservatry.”可知，一个植物园，一个实验农场和一个天文台是为了支持“科学”学科。故选C。
【62题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：(没有人会忽略任何细节，杰斐逊通过在每座房子上放置一个精心挑选的罗马符号来展示这十个类别。) A. verlk忽视；B. ntice注意到；C. hide隐藏；D. explre探索。根据后文“Jeffersn shwcased the ten categries by placing a carefully chsen Rman symbl n each f the ten huse”可知，没有人会忽略任何细节，杰斐逊通过在每座房子上放置一个精心挑选的罗马符号来展示这十个类别。故选A。
【63题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然他没能活着看到大学的建设完全完成，甚至没能看到第一个高年级学生毕业，但杰斐逊确保了这所后来被命名为世界遗产的大学，鼓励在课堂上自由选择，尊重古典路线，以及对科学的好奇心。A. less更少；B. rather相当；C. else也；D. even甚至。此处表示程度的加深，意为他没能活着看到大学的建设完全完成，甚至没能看到第一个高年级学生毕业，故选D。
【64题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然他没能活着看到大学的建设完全完成，甚至没能看到第一个高年级学生毕业，但杰斐逊确保了这所后来被命名为世界遗产的大学，鼓励在课堂上自由选择，尊重古典路线，以及对科学的好奇心。A. encuraged鼓励；B. refrmed改革；C. questined质疑；D. evaluated评估。根据后文“free chice in classes, respect fr classical rutes, and curisity abut the sciences”指鼓励在课堂上自由选择，尊重古典路线，以及对科学的好奇心。故选A。
【65题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些原则被永远铭记在他墓志铭的最后一部分，如果换一种说法，很容易读成“为所有美国人的学术梦想家”。A. persnal个人的；B. academic学术的；C. prfessinal专业的；D. ecnmic经济的。根据上文可知杰斐逊建造大学，是为了美国人的学术梦想。故选B。
(B)
It is a human nature t hunt fr what is beautiful, and we d s because beauty is appealing. I hld that the same is true f mathematics. Beauty -- r aesthetics (美学) mre generally--is nt just a by-prduct f the ___66___. It isn’t that yu lk back at the end f day and ntice that a prf r definitin is beautiful. It seems t be that beauty is an essential part f the ___67___.
This is nt t say that all mathematical wrk is beautiful. Sme prfs are bring and lng. Sme require cmputer cde and are difficult t check. And it is nt clear that aesthetic experiences are ___68___.What is beautiful t a gemetrician might nt be t an algebraist. What was beautiful t yu as a graduate student might nt be after 20 years f research.
Althugh research n the nature f mathematical beauty is under way in several fields--such as philsphy, psychlgy and educatin--there are still many ___69___ questins. What d we mean by beauty? Is it bjective r subjective? Can equatins be beautiful in their wn right, r must they be cnnected t sme srt f visual r sensry ___70___?
Answers are beginning t ___71___. Fr example, a recent study led by Semir Zeki at University Cllege Lndn invlved scanning the brains f mathematicians while they viewed different frmulae (公式), such as Euler’s identity, eiπ+1=0, an equatin rated as beautiful by the participants. The scans shwed that the ___72___ f mathematical beauty excited the same area f the brain as music r art.
Whatever we mean by the term “mathematical beauty” and hw we judge it, there is n dubt that aesthetics plays a significant rle in the wrking life f mathematicians.___73___, it is nt bvius whether the beauty f mathematics can be cnveyed at the schl level, but this questin is nt ne that has ___74___ a great deal f attentin. ___75___ tend t be centred n a standard set f mathematical tpics and prcesses. There has been little discussin f aesthetics, despite its ___76___ ptential. A leading jurnal, Educatinal Studies in Mathematics, called mathematical aesthetics ne f the mst under-researched areas in the field.
The questin fr schl mathematics is simply this: d we teach it withut cnveying its true ___77___? Teaching maths just in terms f prcedures such as practising sums is like teaching music thrugh practising scales withut ever ___78___ children t Beethven.
When experiencing a mment f true mathematical understanding--___79___ why smething is s, r seeing hw everything hangs tgether--yu can feel a sense f meaningfulness, cnnectin and purpsefulness, just as yu might with petry r music.
Once yu realise that mathematics is, in additin t its scientific values, an essentially aesthetic subject, yu realise that teaching it t students withut cnveying its beauty might be t ___80___ the essence, the very life, f the subject.
66.
A. subjectB. thughtC. evlutinD. chice
67.
A. prcessB. resultC. fieldD. brain
68
A. helpfulB. unifrmC. variedD. necessary
69.
A. privateB. publishedC. recgnizedD. pen
70.
A. functinB. evaluatinC. cmprehensinD. representatin
71.
A. changeB. persistC. emergeD. disslve
72.
A. ignranceB. experienceC. recllectinD. pursuit
73.
A. FurthermreB. TherefreC. OtherwiseD. Hwever
74.
A. distractedB. receivedC. requiredD. directed
75.
A. Mathematical studiesB. Aesthetical trainingsC. Educatinal galsD. Schl lessns
76.
A. intellectualB. mtivatinalC. artisticD. academic
77.
A. symblB. histryC. natureD. prspect
78.
A. accustmingB. expsingC. attachingD. drawing
79.
A. graspingB. inquiringC. recallingD. predicting
80.
A. justifyB. bserveC. missD. crrect
【答案】66. A 67. A 68. B 69. D 70. D 71. C 72. B 73. D 74. B 75. D 76. B 77. C 78. B 79. A 80. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了数学是否也存在美的问题，作者认为尽管在哲学、心理学和教育等多个领域都在研究数学美的本质，但仍有许多悬而未决的问题。一旦你意识到数学除了它的科学价值之外，本质上还是一门美学学科，你就会意识到，把数学教给学生而不传达它的美，可能会失去这门学科的本质，失去这门学科的生命。
【66题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：美——或者更普遍的美学——不仅仅是主体的副产品。A. subject科目；B. thught想法；C. evlutin进化；D. chice选择。根据上文“is nt just a by-prduct f the”指美学是主体的副产品。故选A。
【67题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：美似乎是这个过程中必不可少的一部分。A. prcess程序；B. result结果；C. field领域；D. brain大脑。根据上文“It isn’t that yu lk back at the end f day and ntice that a prf r definitin is beautiful.(并不是你在一天结束的时候回头看，发现一个证明或定义是美丽的。)”可知，指美是这个过程中必不可少的一部分。故选A。
【68题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：审美体验是否统一也不清楚。A. helpful有帮助的；B. unifrm统一的；C. varied变化的；D. necessary必要的。根据后文“What is beautiful t a gemetrician might nt be t an algebraist. What was beautiful t yu as a graduate student might nt be after 20 years f research.(对几何学家来说美的东西对代数家来说不一定是美的。在你做了20年的研究之后，研究生时期对你来说美丽的东西可能就不再美丽了。)”可知，审美体验是否统一也不清楚。故选B。
【69题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管在哲学、心理学和教育等多个领域都在研究数学美的本质，但仍有许多悬而未决的问题。A. private私人的；B. published出版的；C. recgnized被承认的；D. pen悬而未决的。根据后文“What d we mean by beauty? Is it bjective r subjective?(我们所说的美是什么意思？它是客观的还是主观的？)”此处指有许多悬而未决的问题。故选D。
【70题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：方程式本身是美的吗，还是必须与某种视觉或感官表征相联系？A. functin功能；B. evaluatin评估；C. cmprehensin理解；D. representatin代表。根据上文“must they be cnnected t sme srt f visual r sensry”此处指与某种视觉或感官表征相联系。故选D。
【71题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：答案开始浮现。A. change改变；B. persist坚持；C. emerge出现；D. disslve溶解。根据后文“Fr example, a recent study led by Semir Zeki at University Cllege Lndn invlved scanning the brains f mathematicians while they viewed different frmulae, such as Euler’s identity, eiπ+1=0, an equatin rated as beautiful by the participants.(例如，伦敦大学学院的塞米尔·泽基最近领导的一项研究涉及扫描数学家在看不同公式时的大脑，比如欧拉恒等式eiπ+1=0，这是一个被参与者评为美丽的方程。)”可知，上文问题的答案开始出现了。故选C。
【72题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：扫描结果显示，对数学之美的体验与音乐或艺术刺激大脑的相同区域。A. ignrance无知；B. experience经历；C. recllectin回忆；D. pursuit追求。根据后文“f mathematical beauty excited the same area f the brain as music r art”指对数学之美的体验。故选B。
【73题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，数学之美是否能在学校层面传达出来，这一点并不明显，但这个问题并没有得到很多关注。A. Furthermre此外；B. Therefre因此；C. Otherwise否则；D. Hwever然而。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用hwever。故选D。
【74题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，数学之美是否能在学校层面传达出来，这一点并不明显，但这个问题并没有得到很多关注。A. distracted分心；B. received收到；C. required需要；D. directed指导。根据后文“a great deal f attentin”指这个问题并没有得到很多关注。故选B。
【75题详解】
考查名词短语辨析。句意：学校的课程往往集中在一套标准的数学主题和过程上。A. Mathematical studies数学研究；B. Aesthetical trainings审美培训；C. Educatinal gals教育目标；D. Schl lessns学校课程。根据上文“at the schl level”可知，此处指讨论的是学校的课程往往集中在一套标准的数学主题和过程上。故选D。
【76题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关于美学的讨论很少，尽管它具有激励潜力。A. intellectual智慧的；B. mtivatinal激发性的；C. artistic艺术的；D. academic学术的。根据后文“A leading jurnal, Educatinal Studies in Mathematics, called mathematical aesthetics ne f the mst under-researched areas in the field.(《数学教育研究》杂志称数学美学是该领域研究最不足的领域之一。)”可知，关于美学的讨论很少，尽管它具有激励潜力。故选B。
【77题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：学校数学的问题很简单：我们在教数学的时候没有传达它的真实本质吗？A. symbl符号；B. histry历史；C. nature本质，自然；D. prspect前景。根据后文“Once yu realise that mathematics is, in additin t its scientific values, an essentially aesthetic subject(一旦你意识到数学除了它的科学价值之外，本质上还是一门美学学科。)”可知，此处指我们在教数学的时候没有传达它的真实本质。故选C。
【78题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：只按照练习算术的方法来教数学，就像只练习音阶而不让孩子们听贝多芬的音乐一样。A. accustming习惯于；B. expsing暴露；C. attaching附上；D. drawing吸引。根据后文“children t Beethven”指让孩子接触贝多芬的音乐。故选B。
【79题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当体验到真正的数学理解的时刻——理解为什么有些东西是这样的，或者看到一切是如何联系在一起的——你可以感受到一种意义、联系和目的感，就像你对诗歌或音乐的感受一样。A. grasping理解，抓住；B. inquiring询问；C. recalling回忆起；D. predicting预测。根据上文“experiencing a mment f true mathematical understanding”指体验到真正的数学理解的时刻——理解为什么有些东西是这样的，或者看到一切是如何联系在一起的。故选A。
【80题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一旦你意识到数学除了它的科学价值之外，本质上还是一门美学学科，你就会意识到，把数学教给学生而不传达它的美，可能会失去这门学科的本质，失去这门学科的生命。A. justify解释；B. bserve观察；C. miss错过；D. crrect纠正。根据上文“yu realise that teaching it t students withut cnveying its beauty might be t”可知，意识到，把数学教给学生而不传达它的美，可能会失去这门学科的本质，失去这门学科的生命。故选C。
Sectin B (30’)
Directins: Read the fllwing passages. Each passage is fllwed by questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
Pabl Picass was prbably the mst famus artist and ne f the greatest creative minds f the 20th century. This great artist lived mre artistic lifetimes than any f his peers. During his 75-year career, he prduced thusands f wrks, nt nly paintings but als sculptures, prints, and ceramics, using a wide variety f materials. He almst single-handedly created mdern art, changing art mre prfundly than any ther artist f his century.
Brn in 1881, in Spain, Picass was a child with great talents, cmpleting the ne-mnth qualifying examinatin fr the Academy f Fine Arts in Barcelna in ne day at the age f 14. After finishing his studies in Barcelna, the artist cntinued his training in Madrid but later returned t Barcelna. There began his “blue perid”, s named fr the dminant blue tnes in the artist’s paintings. During this time, he mved frequently between Barcelna and Paris. In Paris, he spent his days studying the masterwrks at the Luvre and his nights with ther artists at night clubs, during which time he became fascinated with the circus wrld’s acrbats and wandering perfrmers. This marked a radical change in clr and md fr the artist. He began painting in subtle pinks and grays, ften highlighted with brighter tnes. This was knwn as his “rse perid”.
The peak f Picass’s creativity is evidenced in his pineering rle in Cubism. In 1907, he painted Les Demiselles d’Avignn, a Cubist painting which changed 20th century art cmpletely. In it, the artist and viewer lk at the subjects frm many different angles at the same time. Picass and French painter Gerges Braque were the leading figures f the Cubist mvement. Fr Picass, the 1920s were years f rich artistic explratin and great prductivity. He designed theater sets and painted in Cubist, Classical styles. In the last decades f his life, he still experimented with new methds f printing and painted a series f variatins f ld master paintings. He died in France in 1973, at the age f 91. His pwers f creativity and executin cntinue t astnish artists all ver the wrld.
81. Hw are Picass’s early paintings categrized?
A. Accrding t their subject matter.
B. Accrding t where he lived and wrked.
C. Accrding t the clrs he used.
D. Accrding t the trainings he gt.
82. What des the writer suggest in this passage?
A. Picass was accmplished in a number f media.
B. Picass was primarily an accmplished painter and illustratr.
C. Picass was an artist wh was knwn fr a limited number f wrks.
D. Picass was an artist wh had the lngest life span.
83. What can we assume accrding t the passage?
A. Picass’s reputatin exceeded ther artists f the perid.
B. Picass was a slitary genius, uncnnected t thers f the perid.
C. Picass’s genius failed him in the later years f his life.
D. Picass’s genius astnished artists all ver the wrld after his death.
84. Why des the authr write this passage?
A. T explain the reasns fr Picass’s creativity.
B. T describe the majr perids that marked Picass’s artistry.
C. T cmpare Picass with ther painters and styles f the perid.
D. T stimulate mdern artists t learn frm Picass.
【答案】81. C 82. A 83. A 84. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了著名画家毕加索。
【81题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段中“There began his “blue perid”, s named fr the dminant blue tnes in the artist’s paintings. During this time, he mved frequently between Barcelna and Paris. In Paris, he spent his days studying the masterwrks at the Luvre and his nights with ther artists at night clubs, during which time he became fascinated with the circus wrld’s acrbats and wandering perfrmers. This marked a radical change in clr and md fr the artist. He began painting in subtle pinks and grays, ften highlighted with brighter tnes. This was knwn as his “rse perid”. (从此开始了他的“蓝色时期”，因其画作中占主导地位的蓝色色调而得名。在此期间，他经常往返于巴塞罗那和巴黎之间。在巴黎，他白天在卢浮宫学习大师的作品，晚上在夜总会与其他艺术家一起，在此期间，他被马戏团的杂技演员和流浪演员迷住了。这标志着艺术家在色彩和情绪上的根本变化。他开始用微妙的粉红色和灰色绘画，经常用明亮的色调突出。这被称为他的“玫瑰时期”)”可知，毕加索早期的绘画是根据他使用的颜色分类的。故选C。
【82题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第三段中“The peak f Picass’s creativity is evidenced in his pineering rle in Cubism. In 1907, he painted Les Demiselles d’Avignn, a Cubist painting which changed 20th century art cmpletely. In it, the artist and viewer lk at the subjects frm many different angles at the same time. Picass and French painter Gerges Braque were the leading figures f the Cubist mvement. Fr Picass, the 1920s were years f rich artistic explratin and great prductivity. He designed theater sets and painted in Cubist, Classical styles. In the last decades f his life, he still experimented with new methds f printing and painted a series f variatins f ld master paintings. He died in France in 1973, at the age f 91. His pwers f creativity and executin cntinue t astnish artists all ver the wrld. (毕加索创造力巅峰体现在他在立体派中所扮演的先锋角色上。1907年，他画了《亚维农少女》，这幅立体主义画彻底改变了20世纪的艺术。在这幅画中，艺术家和观众同时从许多不同的角度观看主题。毕加索和法国画家乔治·布拉克是立体主义运动的领军人物。对毕加索来说，20世纪20年代是他艺术探索丰富、生产力极高的年代。他设计戏剧布景，并以立体主义和古典风格作画。在他生命的最后几十年里，他仍然在尝试新的印刷方法，并画了一系列古代大师画作的变体。他于1973年在法国去世，享年91岁。他的创造力和执行力继续让世界各地的艺术家感到惊讶)”可推知，毕加索在许多方面都很有造诣。故选A。
【83题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段“Pabl Picass was prbably the mst famus artist and ne f the greatest creative minds f the 20th century. This great artist lived mre artistic lifetimes than any f his peers. During his 75-year career, he prduced thusands f wrks, nt nly paintings but als sculptures, prints, and ceramics, using a wide variety f materials. He almst single-handedly created mdern art, changing art mre prfundly than any ther artist f his century. (巴勃罗·毕加索可能是20世纪最著名的艺术家，也是最具创造力的人之一。这位伟大的艺术家比他的任何同辈都拥有更多的艺术生涯。在他75年的职业生涯中，他创作了数千件作品，不仅有绘画，还有雕塑，版画和陶瓷，使用了各种各样的材料。他几乎是单枪匹马地创造了现代艺术，对艺术的改变比他那个世纪的任何其他艺术家都要深刻)”可推知，毕加索的声誉超过了那个时期的其他艺术家。故选A。
【84题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第二段中“There began his “blue perid”, s named fr the dminant blue tnes in the artist’s paintings. (从此开始了他的“蓝色时期”，因其画作中占主导地位的蓝色色调而得名)”、“This was knwn as his “rse perid”. (这被称为他的“玫瑰时期”)”和第三段中“The peak f Picass’s creativity is evidenced in his pineering rle in Cubism (毕加索创造力的巅峰体现在他在立体派中所扮演的先锋角色上)”、“Fr Picass, the 1920s were years f rich artistic explratin and great prductivity. He designed theater sets and painted in Cubist, Classical styles. In the last decades f his life, he still experimented with new methds f printing and painted a series f variatins f ld master paintings. (对毕加索来说，20世纪20年代是他艺术探索丰富、生产力极高的年代。他设计戏剧布景，并以立体主义和古典风格作画。在他生命的最后几十年里，他仍然在尝试新的印刷方法，并画了一系列古代大师画作的变体)”可推知，作者写这篇文章是为了描述标志着毕加索艺术生涯的主要时期。故选B。
(B)
East is East and West is West. Western culture cnditins peple t think f themselves as independent entities. In cntrast, Eastern cultures stress interdependence. Researchers use the terms East and West very rughly. West tends t mean Americans and peple frm independence-riented Eurpean cuntries r Australia. East means East Asians, as well as much f the rest f the wrld.
In January, researchers led by Trey Hedden at the Massachusetts Institute f Technlgy shwed that such deeply ingrained habits f thught affect the brains f East Asians and Americans even as they perfrm simple tasks that invlve estimating the length f a line. Hedden’s experiment invlved tw tasks. In ne, subjects eyeballed a line simply t estimate its length. In anther, they estimated the line’s length relative t the size f a square. Brain scanners measure levels f neural activity by tracking bld flw. The experiment fund that thugh there was n difference in perfrmance, the level f activity in the subjects brains differed. Areas linked t attentin lit up mre in the Americans’ brains when they wrked n the task they tend t find harder, estimating the line’s size relative t the square. In Asians, t, the attentin areas lit up mre during the harder task, estimating the line’s length withut cmparing it t the square. Brain findings like this may help peple becme aware f deep cultural differences that are nrmally “s much part f the water that we dn’t see them,” Hedden said.
Such differences have turned up in experiment after experiment. Fr example, In ne study, researchers ffered peple a picture f an elephant in the jungle. The research shwed that the Westerner will fcus n the elephant and the Easterner is ging t be mre thinking abut the jungle scene that has the elephant in it.
S what applicatins des East-West brain research have fr the real wrld? Well, it culd help t defuse tensins a bit between crss-cultural spuses, and prvide guidance fr students in business schls wh are ging t wrk in East-West trade. “Understanding cultural differences in the mind is really imprtant as the wrld glbalizes,” Hedden said. “There can be a lt f breakdwns in cmmunicatin.”
85. The result frm Hedden’s experiment is that ________.
A. Americans did better in the test
B. Asians did better in the test
C. Americans fund it’s harder t estimate the line’s length when it’s next t the square
D. Asians fund it’s easier t estimate the line’s length withut cmparing it t the square
86. What des Hedden mean by saying the difference are “s much part f the water that we dn’t see them”(Line 12, Para. 2)?
A. The differences are blending int the backgrund s that we barely ntice them.
B. The differences are as imprtant as water.
C. The differences are mixed up, and it’s difficult fr us t distinguish them.
D. The differences are starting t disappear.
87. What is the advantage f understanding the cultural differences between East and West?
A. It will decrease the number f crss-cultural spuses.
B. It will cut dwn the cmmunicatin between East and West.
C. It will help the students t see a lt f breakdwns in cmmunicatin.
D. It will be helpful t the peple wh are willing t wrk in East-West trade.
【答案】85. C 86. A 87. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了实验发现根深蒂固的思维习惯会影响东亚人和美国人的大脑，即使他们在执行涉及估计一条线长度的简单任务时也是如此。
【85题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Areas linked t attentin lit up mre in the Americans’ brains when they wrked n the task they tend t find harder, estimating the line’s size relative t the square. In Asians, t, the attentin areas lit up mre during the harder task, estimating the line’s length withut cmparing it t the square.(当美国人在做他们认为比较困难的任务时，他们大脑中与注意力相关的区域更加活跃，比如估计直线相对于正方形的大小。亚洲人也一样，在完成更难的任务时，他们的注意力区域更加活跃，在不将其与正方形进行比较的情况下估计直线的长度)”可知，海登实验的结果是，美国人发现当线靠近正方形时，很难估计线的长度。故选C。
【86题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Brain findings like this may help peple becme aware f deep cultural differences that are nrmally “s much part f the water that we dn’t see them,” Hedden said.(像这样的大脑发现可能会帮助人们意识到深层的文化差异，这些差异通常是“我们看不到的水的很大一部分，”赫登说)”以及第三段“Such differences have turned up in experiment after experiment. Fr example, In ne study, researchers ffered peple a picture f an elephant in the jungle. The research shwed that the Westerner will fcus n the elephant and the Easterner is ging t be mre thinking abut the jungle scene that has the elephant in it.(这样的差异在一次又一次的实验中被发现。例如，在一项研究中，研究人员向人们提供了一张丛林中大象的照片。研究表明，西方人会把注意力集中在大象上，而东方人会更多地考虑有大象在里面的丛林场景)”可知，海登说差异是“我们看不到水的大部分”意思是这些差异正在融入背景中，所以我们几乎注意不到它们。故选A。
【87题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“S what applicatins des East-West brain research have fr the real wrld? Well, it culd help t defuse tensins a bit between crss-cultural spuses, and prvide guidance fr students in business schls wh are ging t wrk in East-West trade.(那么，东西方大脑研究对现实世界有什么应用呢？嗯，它可能有助于缓和跨文化配偶之间的紧张关系，并为将要从事东西方贸易的商学院学生提供指导)”可知，了解东西方文化差异的好处是有助于那些愿意从事东西方贸易的人。故选D。
(C)
It all began with an experience ne f us (Arinzeh) had mre than tw decades ag. In 1991, a summer research experience at the University f Califrnia at Berkeley demnstrated hw engineering culd imprve the lives f patients. Instead f wrking in a mre traditinal area such as autmbile design, Arinzeh spent the summer after her junir year f cllege wrking in a rehabilitatin labratry.
Engineers there were designing new prsthetic (修复的) devices fr patients wh had lst limbs, and new assistive devices t help paralyzed patients mve. The engineers wuld then cllabrate with clinicians at a rehabilitatin center t test their develpments. Befre that summer she hadn’t cnnected traditinal engineering principles with the pprtunity t slve bimedical prblems. But by the end f thse shrt mnths, Arinzeh was hked n the prmise f using mechanical engineering t help peple mve better.
Tissue engineering, a budding field at that time, ffered a chance t mve beynd building prsthetics. Damage t musculskeletal tissues, such as bne and cartilage, and nervus tissue, such as the spinal crd, can be debilitating and can severely limit a persn’s quality f life. In additin, such tissues cannt fully regenerate after a severe injury r in respnse t disease. Tissue engineers aim t fully repair and regenerate that tissue s that it regains cmplete functin, but at that time researchers still had a lt t learn abut cells and their supprt structures t slve these prblems.
The earliest successes were with skin, in which researchers used dermal cells t generate grafts, leading t the first cmmercial prducts in the late 1990s. Researchers imitate nature, using cells as building blcks and develping strategies t guide the cells t frm the apprpriate tissue. Because stem cells (干细胞) are precursr (前身) t almst all tissue types, such cells are a prmising surce f these critical building blcks. But cells dn’t grw and differentiate n their wn. The cell’s micrenvirnment can influence stem-cell functin in critical ways. Engineered micrenvirnments, r scafflds, can effectively prmte stem cells and ther cell types t frm tissues. T cnstruct such scafflds, sme imprtant tls are what are called functinal bimaterials. These materials respnd t envirnmental changes such as PH, enzymatic activity, r mechanical lad, and their cmpsitin can mimic r replicate cmpnents f native tissue.
One f us (Arinzeh) wanted t use functinal bimaterials t create three-dimensinal tissue-like structures where cells can grw, prliferate (增殖), and differentiate, ultimately frming and regenerating tissue. Our grup’s wrk started with bne studies in the 1990s, eventually mving int cartilage and the spinal crd ver the past decade. The verall gal is t prduce structures that culd smeday help patients struggling with severe injuries and mvement disrders t mve freely. Fr bne repair, ur grup has studied cmpsite scafflds cnsisting f plymers and ceramics that prvide bth mechanical and chemical cues t repair bne. Piezelectric materials, which respnd t mechanical stimuli by generating electrical activity, are used t encurage the grwth f nerve tissue as well as cartilage and bne. Glycsaminglycans (GACs), a majr cmpnent f native cartilage tissue, prvide grwth factrs t prmte tissue frmatin, and Arinzeh has designed bimimetic scafflds that incrprate these mlecules. After all these years, the prmise that seemed s enticing in 1991 is becming a practical reality, with huge implicatins fr human health.
88. Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE?
A. Befre wrking with patients, Arinzeh was an autmbile designer.
B. Since 1991, tissue engineering has been mainly applied t building prsthetics.
C. It’s hard fr musculskeletal tissues t fully recver frm disease r injury.
D. In the late 1990s, the lack f knwledge abut cells and their supprt structures prevented researchers frm making any achievement in tissue engineering.
89. The underlined wrd “differentiate” is clse in meaning t ________.
A. changeB. divideC. alternateD. reprduce
90. “Scafflds” are, in essence, ________.
A. tissues frm ne part f a persn’s bdy used t repair anther damaged part
B. stem cells and ther cell types in an engineered micrenvirnment
C. structural supprt fr damaged tissue repair
D. functinal bimaterials t replace native tissues.
91. What can we learn abut the study intrduced abve?
A. It was inspired by the team members’ internship.
B. S far, the study has cvered multiple musculskeletal tissues, including bne, cartilage and nervus tissues.
C. The electrical activity caused by Piezelectric materials will generate mechanical stimuli that encurage the grwth f musculskeletal tissues.
D. The researchers f this study are the best designers f mdern tissue engineering.
【答案】88. C 89. A 90. C 91. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了工程师正在为失去肢体的病人设计新的假肢设备，以及帮助瘫痪病人移动的新辅助设备。
【88题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三短“Damage t musculskeletal tissues, such as bne and cartilage, and nervus tissue, such as the spinal crd, can be debilitating and can severely limit a persn’s quality f life. In additin, such tissues cannt fully regenerate after a severe injury r in respnse t disease.(肌肉骨骼组织（如骨和软骨）和神经组织（如脊髓）的损伤会使人衰弱，并严重限制人的生活质量。此外，这些组织在严重损伤或疾病反应后不能完全再生)”可知，C选项“肌肉骨骼组织很难从疾病或损伤中完全恢复”正确。故选C。
【89题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Researchers imitate nature, using cells as building blcks and develping strategies t guide the cells t frm the apprpriate tissue.(研究人员模仿自然，使用细胞作为构建模块，并制定策略来引导细胞形成适当的组织)”以及but表示转折，可知，研究人员需要制定策略来引导细胞形成适当的组织，说明细胞不会自己生长和改变。故划线词意思是“改变”。故选A。
【90题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Fr bne repair, ur grup has studied cmpsite scafflds cnsisting f plymers and ceramics that prvide bth mechanical and chemical cues t repair bne.(对于骨修复，我们的团队已经研究了由聚合物和陶瓷组成的复合支架，它提供了机械和化学线索来修复骨)”以及“Glycsaminglycans(GACs), a majr cmpnent f native cartilage tissue, prvide grwth factrs t prmte tissue frmatin, and Arinzeh has designed bimimetic scafflds that incrprate these mlecules.(糖胺聚糖(GACs)是天然软骨组织的主要成分，提供生长因子促进组织形成，Arinzeh设计了包含这些分子的仿生支架)”可知，从本质上讲，“支架”是修复受损组织的结构支撑。故选C。
【91题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Piezelectric materials, which respnd t mechanical stimuli by generating electrical activity, are used t encurage the grwth f nerve tissue as well as cartilage and bne.(压电材料通过产生电活动对机械刺激做出反应，用于促进神经组织、软骨和骨骼的生长)”可知，到目前为止，这项研究已经涵盖了多种肌肉骨骼组织，包括骨、软骨和神经组织。故选B。
Sectin C
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the sentences in the bx. Each sentence can nly be used nce. Nte that there are tw sentences mre than yu need.
The Secret Garden-A Classical Nvel abut Hpe and Redemptin
The Secret Garden is a ppular wrk f children's literature.The nvel is set in theearly1900s! The main character is Mary Lennx, a 10-year-ld British girl. ___92___Mary is then sent t live with her wealthy uncle Archibald Craven, wh wns a large estate in the cuntryside. At first, Mary is bred by the peple she meets as well as the slw pace f rural life. One day, a maid tells Mary abut a hidden garden that Mrs.Craven kept befre her death.The tale f Mrs. Craven's secret enclsure awakens Mary's curisity. She makes it her missin t find ut mre abut the mysterius garden.
While explring the prperty, she sees a rbin resting n a mund f dirt. Mary digs thrugh the sil and finds the key t the lcked garden dr. ___93___ She decides t d whatever it takes t bring the secret garden back t life.
Meanwhile, Mary starts t hear haunting cries n the estate at night. One evening, she fllws the sunds and discvers Mr. Craven’s sn, Clin. Mary learns that Clin is ill and can’t walk.___94___
Mr. Craven rdered his servants t care fr Clin but wuld never visit because his sn reminded him f his wife.
Mary and Clin becme gd friends. Mary cnvinces Cin that he can use his mind t vercme his illness. ___95___ There, they meet Ben Weather-staff, ne f Mr. Craven’s servants. They all decide t wrk tgether t restre the area. When their wrk is finished, they plan a surprise fr Mr. Craven. He arrives at the garden and finds the flwers in blm, just like they were when his wife was alive. Mre imprtantly, he’s verjyed t lean that Clin has becme a healthy by. Their relatinship is repaired, and they lk frward t a brighter future.
A. Once a year, Ben visits the garden t hnr Mrs. Craven's memry.
B. Her life is turned upside dwn when her parents suddenly die frm a terrible disease.
C. Due t his pr health, dctrs predicted he wuld die an early death.
D. At the start f the nvel, many characters are suffering and ging thrugh hard times.
E. One day, she puts him in a wheelchair and takes him t the secret garden.
F. Inside, she finds that many f the frgtten plants are almst dead.
【答案】92. B 93. F 94. C 95. E
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇小说。文章介绍了《秘密花园》这部儿童作品的主要内容。
【92题详解】
根据下一句“Mary is then sent t live with her wealthy uncle Archibald Craven, wh wns a large estate in the cuntryside.(玛丽随后被送到她富有的叔叔阿奇博尔德·克雷文那里生活，他在乡下拥有一大片地产。)”可知，该空应该陈述玛丽家庭的变故。这个变故导致玛丽被送到叔叔家去生活。结合选项，B选项（当她的父母突然死于一种可怕的疾病时，她的生活发生了翻天覆地的变化。）符合语境。故选B。
【93题详解】
根据上一句“Mary digs thrugh the sil and finds the key t the lcked garden dr.（玛丽在土里挖了挖，找到了锁着的花园门的钥匙。）”可以推知，该空应该提到她在花园里看到的情景。根据下一句“She decides t d whatever it takes t bring the secret garden back t life (她决定不惜一切代价让秘密花园复活。)”可知，该句应提到秘密花园处于荒废状态。结合选项，F选项（在里面，她发现许多被遗忘的植物几乎都死了。）符合语境。故选F。
【94题详解】
根据前一句“Mary learns that Clin is ill and can’t walk.( 玛丽得知科林病了，不能走路)”可知，该空承接上文，应该继续陈述关于科林的情况。结合选项，C选项（由于他的健康状况不佳，医生预测他会英年早逝。）符合语境，故选C。
【95题详解】
根据前一句“Mary cnvinces Cin that he can use his mind t vercme his illness.( 玛丽使科林相信他可以用自己的头脑来克服疾病。)”可知，下文应该介绍玛丽如何帮助科林战胜疾病。根据后一句“There, they meet Ben Weather-staff, ne f Mr. Craven’s servants.( 在那儿，他们遇到了本·威瑟斯塔夫，克莱文先生的一个仆人。)”可知，该空应该提到一个地点。结合选项，E选项（一天，她把他放在轮椅上，带他去秘密花园。）符合语境，故选E。
Part II
IV. Grammar (10’)
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Denmark’s Queen Margrethe II has annunced her surprise abdicatin in a new year TV address. She will frmally step dwn n 14 January, which will be 52 years t the day ___96___ she became queen. “I will leave the thrne t my sn, Crwn Prince Frederik,” she annunced.
Unlike British ryal traditin, there will be n frmal crwning ceremny fr Crwn Prince Frederik, ___97___ is 55. Instead, his accessin will be annunced frm Amalienbrg Castle in Cpenhagen n the day. He will take her place as King f Denmark and head f state in the cuntry — which is a cnstitutinal mnarchy -- ___98___ in Greenland and the Fare Islands.
Queen Margrethe revealed that she came t the decisin after a perid f reflectin ___99___ (fllw) surgery n her back in early 2023. “The surgery naturally gave rise t thinking abut ___100___ the time had cme t leave the respnsibility t the next generatin,” she said.
“Althugh the duty and psitin f regent ___101___ (hand) dwn fr mre than 1,000 years, it is still difficult t understand that the time has nw cme fr a change f thrne,” she said in a statement. Queen Margrethe is a ppular figure in Denmark, and many Danes had expected her t remain n the thrne until her death. “She is t us ___102___ Queen Elizabeth was t yu,” Danish jurnalist Tine Gtzsche tld the BBC.
Queen Margrethe attended the funeral f Queen Elizabeth II in 2022, and they celebrated their respective jubilees in the same year. She had nt been expected t becme Queen when she was brn. But when she was 13, Danish law changed t allw wmen ___103___ (take) the thrne. Mre than a decade ag, Queen Margrethe reflected that she was inspired by the late British Queen “that I understand that I must dedicate my life t my natin like she has dne, and in that way she has been very imprtant t me.”
Queen Margrethe is ___104___ (lng)-serving mnarch in Danish histry, after surpassing King Christian IV, f Denmark and Nrway. Gtzsche said the Danish ryal transitin is a mment f ____105____ (mix) celebratin and sadness. “She has always been there, she has been ageing with all f us,” she said, but added: “the Crwn Prince is in a very gd psitin t take ver, the successin is laid ut — it’s very lgical, and it abslutely makes sense.”
【答案】96. since
97. wh 98. as well as
99. fllwing
100. whether
101. has been handed
102. what##as
103. t take
104. the lngest
105. mixed
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。丹麦女王玛格丽特二世在新年电视讲话中出人意料地宣布退位。她将于1月14日正式卸任，也就是她成为女王的52周年纪念日。她宣布将把王位留给儿子弗雷德里克王储。
【96题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：她将于1月14日正式卸任，也就是她成为女王的52周年纪念日。引导时间状语从句，表示“自从……”应用since。故填since。
【97题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：与英国王室传统不同，现年55岁的王储弗雷德里克将不会举行正式的加冕仪式。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Crwn Prince Frederik，关系词在从句作主语，指人。故填wh。
【98题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：他将取代女王成为丹麦国王、丹麦国家元首（丹麦是君主立宪制国家）以及格陵兰岛和法罗群岛的国家元首。后跟名词作宾语，表示“以及”应用as well as。故填as well as。
【99题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：玛格丽特女王透露，她在2023年初做了背部手术后，经过一段时间的思考后做出了这个决定。此处修饰a perid f reflectin，与动词fllw是主动关系，应用现在分词，作定语。故填fllwing。
100题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：她说：“手术很自然地引起了人们的思考，是不是到了把责任留给下一代的时候了。”引导宾语从句，表示“是否”应用whether。故填whether。
【101题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：她在一份声明中说：“尽管摄政王的职责和地位已经传承了1000多年，但现在是更换王位的时候了，这仍然令人难以理解。”主语the duty and psitin f regent与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文fr mre than 1,000 years可知为现在完成时的被动语态，助动词用has。故填has been handed。
【102题详解】
考查固定句型。句意：“她之于我们，就像伊丽莎白女王之于你们，”丹麦记者蒂娜·戈茨切告诉BBC。此处句型A is t B what/as C is t D，表示“A之于B，就像C之于D”。故填what/as。
【103题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但当她13岁时，丹麦法律改变，允许女性继承王位。此处为短语allw sb. t d sth.表示“允许某人做某事”。故填t take。
【104题详解】
考查最高级。句意：玛格丽特女王是丹麦历史上在位时间最长的君主，超过了丹麦和挪威国王克里斯蒂安四世。根据后文in Danish histry，结合句意表示“最长的”应用最高级，故填the lngest。
【105题详解】
考查形容词。句意：Gtzsche说，丹麦王室的过渡是一个喜忧参半的时刻。修饰celebratin and sadness应用形容词mixed，故填mixed。
V. Summary Writing (10’)
106. Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint(s) f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Lwer Oxygen Levels Threaten Marine Life
Oxygen in the ceans is being lst at an alarming rate, with “dead znes” expanding rapidly and hundreds mre areas shwing xygen dangerusly exhausted, putting sharks, tuna, marlin and ther large fish species at particular risk. Dead znes, where xygen is effectively absent, have quadrupled(翻两番) in extent in the last half-century, and there are als at least 700 areas where xygen is at dangerusly lw levels, up frm 45 when research was undertaken in the 1960s.
The reasns behind this envirnmental cllapse are multiple. Amng all, pllutants generated by the industrial wrld have been the mst destructive frce t cause the unbalance, including a rising tide f plastic waste, as well as ther pllutants. Seas are abut 26% mre acidic than in pre-industrial times because f absrbing the excess carbn dixide in the atmsphere, accrding t the Intergvernmental Panel n Climate Change, with damaging impacts n shellfish in particular.
Lw xygen levels are als assciated with glbal heating, because the warmer water hlds less xygen and the heating causes stratificatin(分层), s there is less f the vital mixing f xygen-rich and xygen-pr layers. Oceans are expected t lse abut 3-4% f their xygen by the end f this century, but the impact will be much greater in the levels clsest t the surface, where many species are cncentrated, and in the mid t high latitudes.
Anther majr cause fr lwer xygen is intensive farming. When excess artificial fertilizer frm crps, r wastes frm the meat industry, runs ff the land and int rivers and seas, it feeds algae(藻类) which blm and then cause xygen cnsumptin as they die and decay.
The prblem f dead znes has been knwn abut fr decades, but little has been dne t tackle it. Nw is high time t take actins and help the ceans functin better.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Oxygen levels in the ceans are drpping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pllutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbn dixide, are the deadliest causes. Glbal warming is anther cause. Finally intensive farming is als t blame fr xygen lss, because its wastes feeds algae, which cnsumes lts f xygen. Measures shuld be taken t tackle this neglected threat.
Oxygen levels in the ceans are drpping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pllutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbn dixide, are the deadliest causes. Besides, glbal warming is respnsible as it leads t lwer xygen strage and stratificatin. Finally, intensive farming als results in the xygen lss. Measures shuld be taken t tackle this neglected threat.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括海洋中的含氧量正在迅速下降，危及海洋生物。工业污染物，尤其是塑料废物和二氧化碳的增加，是最致命的原因，全球变暖是另一个原因，最后，精耕细作也是氧气流失的罪魁祸首，因为它的废物喂养藻类，藻类消耗大量氧气，我们应采取措施应对这一被忽视的威胁。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
VI. Translatin: (3’+3’+4’+5’=15’)
Directins: Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets.
107. 在很大程度上，科学研究就是一个不断试错的漫长过程。(extent) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】T a large extent, scientific research is just a lng prcess f (cntinuus) trial and errr.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。表示“在很大程度上”短语为t a large extent；主语“科学研究”为scientific research；表示“是一个不断试错的漫长过程”翻译为be just a lng prcess f (cntinuus) trial and errr，此处陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为T a large extent, scientific research is just a lng prcess f (cntinuus) trial and errr.
108. 如今，人工智能生成的报告非常受欢迎，因为这些报告能提供精准且深入的数据分析。(demand) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Nwadays, the reprts prduced by artificial intelligence are highly in demand/in high demand because they can prvide accurate/precise and in-depth data analysis/analysis f the data.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和状语从句。表示“如今”应用副词nwadays；表示“报告”应用名词the reprts；表示“人工智能生成的”为过去分词短语prduced by artificial intelligence，作定语，与reprts构成被动关系；表示“非常受欢迎”短语为be highly in demand/in high demand；表示“因为”应用because，引导原因状语从句；从句主语为they；表示“提供”应用动词prvide，且can后跟动词原形；表示“精准且深入的数据分析”翻译为accurate/precise and in-depth data analysis/analysis f the data。为一般现在时。故翻译为Nwadays, the reprts prduced by artificial intelligence are highly in demand/in high demand because they can prvide accurate/precise and in-depth data analysis/analysis f the data.
109. 尽管她还是一个高中生，她写的诗歌却显得非常成熟，让许多同学仰慕。(maturity) (汉译英)
_______________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Althugh she is still a high schl student, her pems/the pems written by her shw great maturity, which is/are admired by/admirable t many f her classmates.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。表示“尽管”应用althugh引导让步状语从句，主语为she；表示“还是”应用副词still；表示“是一个高中生”为be a high schl student；主语为her pems或用the pems written by her，过去分词作定语；表示“显得非常成熟”翻译为shw great maturity；后跟which引导的非限制性定语从句；表示“让许多同学仰慕”可翻译为be admired by/admirable t many f her classmates，为一般现在时。故翻译为Althugh she is still a high schl student, her pems/the pems written by her shw great maturity, which is/are admired by/admirable t many f her classmates.
110. 为期四天的研学活动将会使我们受益良多，因为我们不仅能看到各种自然景色，也能学到多种野外生存技能来面对自然界的挑战。(face) (汉译英)
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【答案】The fur-day field trip will benefit us a lt because we will nt nly see a variety f natural scenery, but als acquire many survival skills/ skills f surviving in the wild t face the challenge in nature.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和状语从句。表示“为期四天的研学活动”应用the fur-day field trip；表示“使我们受益良多”翻译为benefit us a lt，为一般将来时；表示“因为”用because引导原因状语从句，主语为we；表示“不仅……而且……”句型为nt nly…but als…；表示“看到各种自然景色”翻译为see a variety f natural scenery；表示“学到多种野外生存技能”翻译为acquire many survival skills/ skills f surviving in the wild，为一般将来时；表示“面对自然界的挑战”翻译为face the challenge in nature，为不定式作目的状语。故翻译为The fur-day field trip will benefit us a lt because we will nt nly see a variety f natural scenery, but als acquire many survival skills/ skills f surviving in the wild t face the challenge in nature.A. absence B. applaud C. cmpse D. cntrversial
E. riginality F. prfessinal G. recgnitin H. sensatin
I. square J. sustenance K. symbl L. tailr
A. arise B. grasp C. heritage D. impsitin
E. interpretatin F. landscape G. minrity H. peculiarity
I. relevant L. subsistence K. restred J. resist
A. accidentally B. attacked C. average D. clearing
E. cnfirmed F. increasingly G. investigated H. preserve
I. sensing J. suspect K. tracking