2024年高考押题预测卷02（上海卷）英语（解析版）

这是一份2024年高考押题预测卷02（上海卷）英语（解析版），共30页。试卷主要包含了5分；共25分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。

I.Listening Cmprehensin （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
1. At the airprt. B. In a theatre. C. In a ticket ffice. D. At a htel.
A. Attend a party. B. G camping. C. Decrate a huse. D. Rent a tent
3. A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 10.
4. A. The pstcard has been lst B.The lcal pst ffice is dsed.
C. The man will g t the pst ffice. D.The wman is expecting a pstcard.
5.A. Buy sme new equipment B.Leave the equipment as they are.
C. Watch what the wman is ding. D. Finish his wrt as quickly «s pssible.
6.A. Wrk n the assignment with a classmate
B.Talk t an advisr abut drpping the curse.
C.Spend mre time wrking n maths prblems.
D.Ask a graduate assistant fr help.
7.A. G hme t get a bk.
B. Return a bk t the library.
C.Pick up a bk at the library fr the wman.
D. Ask the librarian fr help in finding a bk.
8.A. She wishes she hadn't rdered the dish.
B.She desn't usually eat in the cafeteria.
C.The cafeteria usually uses canned vegetables.
D.The dish usually cntains fewer vegetables.
9.A. Students still have time t apply fr a In.
B.Students must wait until next mnth t apply fr a lan.
C.The wman shuld find ut whether her lan applicatin was accepted.
D.The wman shuld ask fr an extensin n the applicatin deadline.
10.A. She didn't want t stay at the Grdn.
B.Her htel is far frm the cnference centre.
C.She isn’t sure hw t get t the Apple Gales.
D.The man shuld cnsider mving t anther htel
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B. yu will hear tw shrt passages several and ne lnger cnversatin, and yu will be asked several questins n each f them. The passages and the cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
A.T make sme physical samples f the wine t be tasted.
B.T reach an agreement n hw certain flavrs smell.
C. T cin sme descriptive terms fr certain flavrs.
D.T find a rm that is lit with red light.
12. A. It helps peple distinguish different flavrs.
B. It is cmpsed f wheels f different sizes.
C. It expses users t fruity flavrs alne.
D. It divides flavrs int tw categries.
13. A.The standard prcedure f wine-testing
B.The wide use f the Arma Wheel.
C. The at-hme wine-testing test.
D.The fun sensry wrld.
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
14. A. He read abut it the day befre.
B.One f the students asked him abut it.
C. He had just read Dr. Frederick Cck's travel lg.
D.The students were required t read abut it.
15.A. Peary wasn’t an experienced explrer.
B.He had reached the ple befre Peary did.
C, Peary had annunced his success t early.
D.The investigatin f Peary's trip wasn't thrugh.
interviewed Peary.
B.They talked t ne f Peary's cmpanins.
C. They examined Peary's tls used fr the vyage.
D. They cnducted a cmputer analysis f phtgraphs.
Questins 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
17.A. A new surce f fuel il.
B. An alternative use f fuel il.
C. A way t make fuel il less plluting
D. A new methd fr lcating undergrund il.
18. A.She was ding research fr a paper n it
B.She was tld abut it by her rmmate.
C. She read a newspaper article abut it.
D. She heard abut it in class.
prduce a gas cntaining carbn and hydrgen.
B. T heat the reactrs t a prper temperature.
C.T prevent dangerus gases frm frming.
D.T remve impurities frm methanl
20. A.It hasn't been fully tested.
B. It is quite expensive.
D.It prduces harmful gases.
C.It uses up scarce minerals.
【答案】1~5. DBCDB 6~10. DBCAB 11~15. BACBB 16~20. DADAB
II.Grammar and Vcabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
I received an email frm a reader wh asked, “Why d sme friendships end, n matter hw much yu want them t last?” She referred t 21 (see) the questin in ne f my articles, Mystery f Friendship. As I wrte in it, I dn’t think easy answers exist as t hw friendships start, why sme turn int lifetime 22 , and why sme end. Althugh I’ve tried answering the first tw questins in ther articles (T Have A Friend and Be A Friend), I still get surprised by friendships that endure and disillusined by thse that slip away. Even s, I’ll try t ffer sme insights here as t why friendships end.
My simple answer is that friendships end because the situatins 23 friends are in r even the friends themselves change. First, the realities friends face may change. The decisin t relcate 24 a new schl r jb cannt help but affect a friendship. Likewise, if a friend is in an accident, develps an illness, r lses smene clse, these cannt help but affect a friendship. Des a friendship need t end because f these changes? N, but it’ll require adjustments that ne r bth friends 25 nt be willing t make.
Secnd, the friends themselves may change. A significant reasn why friendships ften end 26 friends are apart fr an 27 (extend) perid f time (fr summer camp, cllege, etc.) is that ne r bth f the friends change. I think it 28 (hurt) less when bth friends change, because then the breakup is mre ften mutual and s bth friends get clsure by bth deciding t let g and mve frward in their lives withut each ther. What tends t hurt mst is when just ne friend changes. One friend might change scial circles, becme invlved in new scial rganizatins, start t date, get a pet, r take n sme ther venture that cnsumes mre time and passin. Again, a friendship can endure these changes, 29 ne r bth f the friends fr sme reasn decide nt t invest the time and energy invlved in the adjustment perid. In this situatin, breakups may nt be mutual and s ne r bth friends feel betrayed and end up with bitter memries abut 30 was a precius friendship t them.
【答案】
21．having seen 22．nes 23．that/which 24．fr 25．might 26．when 27．extended 28．hurts 29．unless 30．what
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者对于为什么友谊会结束的几点看法。
21．考查时态。句意：她提到在我的一篇文章《友谊的奥秘》中看到过这个问题。分析句子结构可知，固定短语refer t（提到；涉及）后接动名词，根据语境可知，此处表示“读者已经看过这篇文章”，应用动名词的完成时。故填having seen。
22．考查代词。句意：正如我在文章中所写的，我不认为存在简单的答案，比如友谊是如何开始的，为什么有些会成为一生的友谊，为什么有些会结束。此处指一些友谊变成“一生的友谊”，为同类异物泛指，应用nes。故填nes。
23．考查定语从句。句意：我的简单回答是，友谊的结束是因为朋友所处的环境或者是朋友本身发生了变化。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词the situatins指物，从句中缺少宾语，可使用关系代词that或which在从句中作宾语。故填that/which。
24．考查介词。句意：为了新学校或新工作而搬迁的决定不得不影响友谊。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“为了新学校或者新工作”而搬家的决定，可使用介词fr，表示“为了……”。故填fr。
25．考查情态动词。句意：不，但这需要你做出调整，而你或你的朋友可能都不愿意做。前文提到友谊可能因为各种原因而结束，如果不想要友谊结束的话，就要其中一方或者双方做出改变，而友谊之所以会结束，就是因为有可能没有人愿意做出改变，空后动词使用了原形，根据语境可知，空处可使用情态动词might，表示“可能”，语气更加委婉。故填might。
26．考查连词。句意：朋友长时间不在一起（如参加夏令营、上大学等）友谊常常会终止的一个重要原因是一方或双方改变了。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“当朋友们长时间分开始时”，可使用连词when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
27．考查形容词。句意：朋友长时间不在一起（如参加夏令营、上大学等）友谊常常会终止的一个重要原因是一方或双方改变了。分析句子结构可知，空处可使用形容词extended（延长了的）在句中作定语修饰名词perid。故填extended。
28．考查时态。句意：我认为当朋友双方都改变时，其伤害较轻，因为这时的分手往往是互相的，双方都决定不再交往，从此各奔东西，让友谊终结。空处为宾语从句的谓语，根据语境可知，该句陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语是it，故填hurts。
29．考查连词。句意：当然，友谊是经得起这些变化的，除非一方或双方由于某种原因决定不再在友谊调整期内投入必要的时间和精力。分析句子结构可知，空处前后句子结构完整，因此需使用连词连接两个句子，结合语境，使用unless引导条件状语从句，表示“除非”。故填unless。
30．考查宾语从句。句意：在这种情况下，分手可能不是相互的，所以一个或两个朋友都觉得被背叛了，并以痛苦的回忆结束对他们来说这段宝贵的友谊。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语成分，指代事物，应用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Hw d AI chatbts answer my questins
Chatbts might appear t be cmplex cnversatinalists that respnd like real peple. But if yu take a clser lk, they are 31 an advanced versin f a prgram that finishes yur sentences by predicting which wrds will cme next. Bard, ChatGPT, and ther AI technlgies are large language mdels—a kind f algrithm (算法) trained n exercises similar t the Mad Libs-style questins fund n elementary schl quizzes. Mre simply put, they are human-written 32 that tell cmputers hw t slve a prblem r make a calculatin. In this case, the algrithm uses yur prmpt and any sentences it cmes acrss t 33 the answer.
Let’s pretend yu plugged this sentence int an AI chatbt: “The cat sat n the ______.” First, the language mdel wuld have t knw that the missing wrd needs t be a nun t make 34 sense. But it can’t be any nun—the cat can’t sit n the “demcracy,” fr ne. S the algrithm searches texts written by humans t get a sense f what cats actually rest n and picks ut the mst prbable answer. In this scenari, it might 35 the cat sits n the “laptp” 10 percent f the time, n the “table” 20 percent f the time, and n the “chair” 70 percent f the time. The mdel wuld then g with the mst 36 answer: “chair.” The system is able t use this predictin prcess t respnd with a full sentence. If yu ask a chatbt, “Hw are yu?” it will generate “I’m” based n the “yu” frm the questin and then “gd” based n what mst peple n the web reply when asked hw they are.
The way these prgrams prcess infrmatin and arrive at a decisin srt f 37 hw the human brain behaves. “ 38 as this task—predicting the mst prbable respnse—is, it actually requires an incredibly advanced knwledge f bth hw language wrks and hw the wrld wrks,” says Yn Kim, a researcher at MIT’s Cmputer Science and Artificial Intelligence Labratry.
The beauty f language mdels is that researchers dn’t have t 39 define any rules r grammar fr them t fllw. An AI chatbt learns hw t frm sentences that make sense by cnsuming textual elements, which are cmmn sequences f characters 40 tgether taken frm the raw text f bks, articles, and websites. All it needs are the patterns and assciatins it finds amng certain wrds r phrases.
【答案】
31．C 32．G 33．A 34．D 35．B 36．H 37．I 38．K 39．J 40．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了AI聊天机器人回答用户问题的原理。
31．考查副词。句意：但如果你仔细观察，它们本质上是一个程序的高级版本，通过预测下一个单词来完成你的句子。根据上文“Chatbts might appear t be cmplex cnversatinalists that respnd like real peple(聊天机器人可能看起来是复杂的健谈者，他们的反应就像真人一样)”可知，此处描述了聊天机器人可能给人的印象，即它们像真人一样进行复杂的对话。然而，接下来的句子通过转折词“But(但是)”引入了一个对比的观点“an advanced versin f a prgram that finishes yur sentences by predicting which wrds will cme next(一个程序的高级版本，通过预测下一个单词来完成你的句子)”，即如果仔细观察，聊天机器人其实并非如此复杂，所以要填入的词应该用来描述聊天机器人的本质，分析待选项，C项“essentially(本质上)”表达的含义符合语境，副词作状语。故选C。
32．考查名词。句意：更简单地说，它们是人类编写的指令，告诉计算机如何解决问题或进行计算。根据下文“tell cmputers hw t slve a prblem r make a calculatin(告诉计算机如何解决问题或进行计算)”可知，此处上下文说的是人类给计算机编写的指令，表示“多个指令”，用复数形式。故选G。
33．考查动词。句意：在这种情况下，算法使用您的提示和它遇到的任何句子来自动完成答案。根据上文“the algrithm uses yur prmpt and any sentences it cmes acrss(算法使用您的提示和它遇到的任何句子)”可推理出空白处应填表示“自动完成”含义的动词，t后接动词原形。故选A。
34．考查形容词。句意：首先，语言模型必须知道缺失的单词必须是名词才能有语法意义。根据上文“the language mdel wuld have t knw that the missing wrd needs t be a nun(语言模型必须知道缺失的单词必须是名词)”可知此处说的是语法，形容词作定语。故选D。
35．考查动词。句意：在这种情况下，它可能会确定猫10%的时间坐在“笔记本电脑”上，20%的时间坐“桌子”上，70%的时间坐坐在“椅子”上。根据下文“the cat sits n the “laptp” 10 percent f the time, n the “table” 20 percent f the time, and n the “chair” 70 percent f the time(猫10%的时间坐在“笔记本电脑”上，20%的时间坐“桌子”上，70%的时间坐坐在“椅子”上)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“确定”含义的动词，might后接动词原形。故选B。
36．考查形容词。句意：然后，该模型会给出最有可能的答案：“椅子”。根据上文“the cat sits n the “laptp” 10 percent f the time, n the “table” 20 percent f the time, and n the “chair” 70 percent f the time(猫10%的时间坐在“笔记本电脑”上，20%的时间坐“桌子”上，70%的时间坐坐在“椅子”上)”可知，模型是根据可能性给出答案，空白处应填表示“可能的”含义的形容词，作定语。故选H。
37．考查动词。句意：这些程序处理信息和做出决定的方式有点像人脑的行为方式。根据上文“The way these prgrams prcess infrmatin and arrive at a decisin(这些程序处理信息和做出决定的方式)”以及下文“the human brain behaves(人脑的行为方式)”可知此处上下文说的是两者的方式有点相似，空白处应填表示“类似于”含义的动词，主语为单数，谓语为单数。故选I。
38．考查形容词。句意：尽管这项任务——预测最可能的回应——看起来很简单，但实际上它需要对语言是如何运作的以及世界是如何运作的有非常深入的了解。分析句子结构，这是一个包含让步状语从句的句子，其中使用了as来引导这个从句，为倒装结构，这种结构用于表达尽管某件事情在表面上看起来是某种情况，但实际上却并非如此。根据下文“it actually requires an incredibly advanced knwledge f bth hw language wrks and hw the wrld wrks(它实际上它要求有对语言和世界运作方式的深入了解)”可推理出空白处应填表示“简单的”含义的形容词，故选K。
39．考查副词。句意：语言模型的美妙之处在于，研究人员不必严格定义任何规则或语法。根据下文“An AI chatbt learns hw t frm sentences that make sense by cnsuming textual elements(人工智能聊天机器人通过获取文本元素来学习如何形成有意义的句子)”可推理出上文说的是研究人员不必严格定义任何规则或语法，空白处应填表示“严格地”含义的副词，作状语，修饰动词。故选J。
40．考查非谓语动词。句意：人工智能聊天机器人通过消费文本元素来学习如何形成有意义的句子，文本元素是从书籍、文章和网站的原始文本中组合在一起的常见字符序列。根据上文“sequences f characters(字符)”以及下文“taken frm the raw text(从原始文本中提取)”可知，此处描述这些字符序列是如何被获取的，分析待选项，E项“gruped(集合)”表达的含义符合语境，在本句中意思是这些字符序列是从原始文本中被聚集或组合起来的。过去分词作定语。故选E。
III.Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext
One f the presents in my huse this Christmas was a late 18th-century vlume f the Encyclpaedia Britannica (大英百科全书). It is a windw int the discveries and thinking f the time. The encyclpaedia is an entertaining reminder f hw 41 sme f ur current truths are bund t be. Certainties in areas we haven’t yet understd will lk just as ridiculus as sme f these in centuries t cme. And ne f thse we are still remarkably 42 is the effect f fd and exercise n ur bdies. We’re surrunded by cnfident 43 n hw t eat, hw t avid r reverse besity (肥胖), and yet the advice seems pintless while the wrld gets fatter. Much f what we think we knw is a pile f assumptins rather than 44 .
Our cnfusin is the theme f Spn-Fed, a bk by ne f Britain’s leading nutritin researchers, Tim Spectr f King’s Cllege Lndn. Its subtitle is: “Why almst everything we’ve been tld abut fd is wrng.” It is a call fr us t 45 mre.
One by ne Spectr ffers answers t recent fd 46 . Cffee can save ur lives, he says. Three t fur cups a day reduces the risk f heart disease and may cut the risk f death by 8 per cent. Butter des nt damage ur hearts, Spectr argues, and salt is vital. Eggs have gne “frm heres t villains and back again”. Dn’t say n t all red meat n 47 grunds; ccasinal small quantities f high-quality unprcessed meat prvide imprtant vitamins and irn and are “prbably gd fr yu“. Exercise is s gd fr lngevity and happiness that it shuld be cnsidered ur N 1 drug, but the ne thing fr which it’s 48 useless is lsing weight. Vitamin pills are a multibillin-pund industry with almst n prven 49 but which can cause real harm. Even vitamin D, which Spectr used t study and believe in, he nw 50 .
Spectr als ffers mre than a set f currently 51 tips. The science f nutritin has nt been slved by him, as he wuld be the first t admit. His mst 52 pint is that there is n ne size that fits all. Our bdies are cmplex, and ur reactins are 53 : yet nbdy wants t pay fr the research that might explain why.
Sme cmbinatin f fd chices, genes, envirnment and the chemical reactins generated by ur micrbime — the unique micrbe (微生物的) cmbinatins in ur bdy ― yes different 54 fr each f us, leaving sme lean and tw thirds f us t fat. This is the territry Spectr wants t explre further and which might just allw us t 55 the glbal trend t besity, with all the risks we’ve witnessed this year.
41．A．well-knwnB．aim-rientedC．ill-fundedD．lng-lived
42．A．certain abutB．ignrant fC．capable fD．wrried abut
43．A．decisinsB．cursesC．fcusesD．suggestins
44．A．factsB．chancesC．reasnsD．features
45．A．investigateB．demandC．cncentrateD．spend
46．A．suppliesB．shrtagesC．standardsD．myths
47．A．cultureB．histryC．ecnmyD．health
48．A．equallyB．practicallyC．sciallyD．impssibly
49．A．effectivenessB．cnsciusnessC．cmpetitivenessD．emptiness
50．A．servesB．sharesC．recgnizesD．dismisses
51．A．pintlessB．tpicalC．defensibleD．additinal
52．A．emtinalB．significantC．questinableD．frgivable
53．A．individualB．unpredictableC．imprtantD．available
54．A．changesB．utcmesC．prfitsD．addicts
55．A．startB．analyzeC．stpD．reflect
【答案】
41．C 42．B 43．D 44．A 45．A 46．D 47．D 48．B 49．A 50．D 51．C 52．B 53．A 54．B 55．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了我们对食物和运动对身体的作用认识仍然存在困惑和假设，作者Spectr指出了一些迄今为止的食品误解，提出了个性化营养学的重要性，并呼吁进行更多研究以解释个体之间的微生物组成的差异和其与肥胖之间的关系。最终目的是希望通过正确的饮食和锻炼习惯控制全球肥胖的趋势。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：百科全书是一个有趣的提醒，提醒我们当前的一些真理必然是多么没有根据。A. well-knwn众所周知的；B. aim-riented以目标为导向的；C. ill-funded缺乏根据的；D. lng-lived长寿的。根据下文“Certainties in areas we haven’t yet understd will lk just as ridiculus as sme f these in centuries t cme. (我们尚未了解的领域的确定性在未来几个世纪中看起来与其中一些一样荒谬)”可知，当前的一些被认为是真理的东西可能是缺乏根据的。故选C项。
42．考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们仍然非常无知的其中一个是食物和运动对我们身体的影响。A. certain abut确定；B. ignrant f无知；C. capable f有能力；D. wrried abut担心。根据“ne f thse”及空后“the effect f fd and exercise n ur bdies.”可知，对于食物和运动对我们身体的影响我们仍是无知的。故选B项。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们被关于如何饮食，如何避免或逆转肥胖的自信建议所包围，但当世界变得更胖时，这些建议似乎毫无意义。A. decisins决定；B. curses课程；C. fcuses重点；D. suggestins建议。根据空后“hw t eat, hw t avid r reverse besity”可知，这些都是建议。故选D项。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们认为我们所知道的大部分内容都是一堆假设而不是事实。A. facts事实；B. chances机会；C. reasns原因；D. features特征。根据空前“rather than(而不是)”可知，空处应为与“assumptins”相对应的词，故选A项。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这要求我们进行更多调查。A. investigate调查；B. demand需求；C. cncentrate集中；D. spend花费。根据空前“Why almst everything we’ve been tld abut fd is wrng.(为什么我们被告知的几乎所有关于食物的东西都是错误的)”可知，我们被告知的关于食物的东西是错误的，所以要求我们进行“调查”，故选A项。
46．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯佩克特为最近一个接一个的食物神话提供了答案。A. supplies供应；B. shrtages短缺；C. standards标准；D. myths神话。根据下文“Cffee can save ur lives, he says. Three t fur cups a day reduces the risk f heart disease and may cut the risk f death by 8 percent. Butter des nt damage ur hearts, Spectr argues, and salt is vital. Eggs have gne “frm heres t villains and back again”. (咖啡可以拯救我们的生命，他说。每天三到四杯可以降低患心脏病的风险，并可能将死亡风险降低8%。黄油不会伤害我们的心脏，斯佩克特认为，盐是至关重要的。鸡蛋已经“从英雄变成了恶棍，然后再回来”)”可知，食物的作用被夸大其词了，斯佩克特认为这些是食物神话。故选D项。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要以健康为由对所有红肉说不，偶尔少量的优质未加工肉类提供重要的维生素和铁，“可能对你有好处”。A. culture文化；B. histry历史；C. ecnmy经济；D. health健康。根据下文“prvide imprtant vitamins and irn”可知，红肉提供了维生素和铁，空处表示不要以“健康”为由，故选D项。
48．考查副词词义辨析。句意：运动对长寿和幸福是如此有益，以至于它应该被认为是我们的第一大药物，但它实际上毫无用处的一件事就是减肥。A. equally同等；B. practically实际上；C. scially社会；D. impssibly不可能。根据空后“useless is lsing weight.”可知，运动对减肥“实际上”是没有用处的，故选B项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：维生素丸是一个价值数十亿英镑的行业，几乎没有被证实的有效性，但可能会造成真正的伤害。A. effectiveness有效性；B. cnsciusness意识；C. cmpetitiveness竞争力；D. emptiness空虚。根据空前“almst n prven”及空后“real harm”可知，维生素丸没有被证明“有效性”，可能还有害。故选A项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是斯佩克特曾经研究和相信的维生素D，他现在也对他不屑一顾。A. serves服务；B. shares股份；C. recgnizes承认；D. dismisses不屑一顾。根据空前“used t study and believe in”及“nw”可知，空处表达的意思与前文相反，即曾经研究和相信，现在不屑一顾。故选D项。
51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯佩克特还提供了不止一套目前可以辩护的技巧。A. pintless无意义；B. tpical局部；C. defensible可辩护；D. additinal附加。根据“a set f currently ________ tips.”可知，斯佩克特有不止一套理论来支持他的观点，可以为其辩护，故选C项。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他最重要的观点是没有放之四海而皆准的标准。A. emtinal情绪化的；B. significant重要的；C. questinable可疑的；D. frgivable可原谅的。根据空后“n ne size that fits all”可知，这是他最重要观点，故选B项。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的身体非常复杂，反应也因人而异：然而没有人愿意为可能解释这一现象的研究买单。A. individual个人的；B. unpredictable不可预测的；C. imprtant重要的；D. available可用的。根据常识可知，每个人对不同的食物或运动项目的反应因人而异的。故选A项。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：食物选择，基因，环境和我们微生物组产生的化学反应的某种组合——我们体内独特的微生物组合——是的，我们每个人的结果都不同，留下一些瘦肉和三分之二的人太胖。A. changes变化；B. utcmes结果；C. prfits利润；D. addicts成瘾者。根据前文“Sme cmbinatin f fd chices, genes, envirnment and the chemical reactins generated by ur micrbime—the unique micrbe (微生的)cmbinatins in ur bdy”可知，不同的食物选择，基因和环境及微生物产生的微生物组合的结果是不一样的，故选B项。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯佩克特希望进一步探索，这可能使我们能够阻止全球肥胖趋势，以及我们今年目睹的所有风险。A. start开始；B. analyze分析；C. stp阻止；D. reflect反思。根据空后“the glbal trend t besity”可知，斯佩克特想进步一的进行研究，以阻止全球的肥胖趋势。故选C项。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
“Are yu all right?” the student asked as she passed me in the hallway. I was in the final stretch f last wrk befre writing my essay. The student, wh was 4 years behind me in the same Ph.D．prgram, went n t say, “I see peple frm yur grup wrking s much, putting in extra hurs, even at night.” It set me thinking a lt.
As a first-year Ph.D．student, I was lucky t have kind and understanding advisers. But I felt verwhelming pressure t becme a perfect student. I kept finding a millin reasns why I was cming int graduate schl at a disadvantage cmpared with my peers. As a student frm Clmbia, I had been educated at institutins my prfessrs and clleagues had never heard f, I spke with an accent that was hard t understand, and I was lder than mst f the peple in my chrt.
I nticed that mst f the peple arund me seemed t be wrking all the time. I began t spend many weekday nights and weekends in the lab. But my strategy didn’t wrk. I crashed frm burnut. The tiredness tk a tll n my prductivity and mtivatin. During ne f many mindless Sundays in the ffice, I realized I’d fallen int the trap f assuming my clleagues’ wrk habits were the standard fr belnging and being wrthy f respect — and it wasn’t sustainable.
Frm then n, I stpped cunting the number f wrk hurs I was putting in, leaving space every day fr exercising and ding activities that I enjyed. Eventually, I realized nbdy was keeping track f the amunt f time I spent in the lab anyway and it wasn’t smething I needed t wrry abut.
I nticed that having mre time fr myself made me mre rested and mtivated when I went back t wrk. I cntinued quietly alng this path fr years, until that cnversatin in the hallway. S, when I ran int her again, weeks later, I tld her that even thugh I was feeling a lt f pressure in the final year f my Ph.D．, I was putting my mental and physical health first and wasn’t wrking vertime. I als began t talk with ther students abut hw quality sleep, physical activity, healthy eating, and reasnable wrk hurs were a daily part f my rutine.
56．What can we learn abut the student?
A．He spent much time in lab wrk.B．He had finished the Ph.D．prgram.
C．He was cncerned abut the authr.D．He was putting in extra hurs at night.
57．Hw des the authr feel abut his wrk at first?
A．Anxius.B．Ambitius.C．Dissatisfied.D．Enthusiastic.
58．Which can replace the underlined phrase “tk a tll n” in Para. 3?
A．Added fuel t.B．Had a negative impact n.
C．Cast new light n.D．Depended t much n.
59．What des the authr intend t tell us?
A．A healthy wrk-life balance cunts.
B．A fall int the pit, a gain in yur wit.
C．Fitting in desn’t mean wrking vertime.
D．Nthing is difficult t the man wh will try.
【答案】56．C 57．A 58．B 59．A
【导语】本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己博士生的经历，讨论了在研究生院时，如何避免过度工作和压力，保持身心健康，提高个人工作效率。
56．推理判断题。根据第一段““Are yu all right?” the student asked as she passed me in the hallway. I was in the final stretch f last wrk befre writing my essay. The student, wh was 4 years behind me in the same Ph.D. prgram, went n t say, “I see peple frm yur grup wrking s much, putting in extra hurs, even at night.”(“你没事吧?”那个学生在走廊里从我身边经过时问道。在写论文之前，我正处于最后一项工作的最后阶段。那个比我晚4年读博士的学生接着说：“我看到你们组的人工作很努力，加班加点，甚至在晚上也加班。”)”可知，这个学生关注作者的情况，询问作者身体状况，所以是很关心作者。故选C项。
57．推理判断题。根据第二段“As a first-year Ph.D. student, I was lucky t have kind and understanding advisers. But I felt verwhelming pressure t becme a perfect student. I kept finding a millin reasns why I was cming int graduate schl at a disadvantage cmpared with my peers. As a student frm Clmbia, I had been educated at institutins my prfessrs and clleagues had never heard f, I spke with an accent that was hard t understand, and I was lder than mst f the peple in my chrt.(作为一名一年级的博士生，我很幸运有善良、善解人意的导师。但我感到了成为一个完美学生的巨大压力。我一直在找无数个理由，为什么我进入研究生院时，与同龄人相比处于劣势。作为一名来自哥伦比亚的学生，我在教授和同事们从未听说过的机构接受教育，我说话的口音让人听不懂，而且我比同龄人中的大多数人都年长)”可知，作者在刚开始的时候感到压力很大，担心自己的口音和年龄，所以起初作者是感觉焦虑的。故选A项。
58．词句猜测题。根据前文“I crashed frm burnut.(我精疲力竭了)”以及后文“During ne f many mindless Sundays in the ffice, I realized I’d fallen int the trap f assuming my clleagues’ wrk habits were the standard fr belnging and being wrthy f respect—and it wasn’t sustainable.(在办公室里度过的一个毫无头脑的星期天里，我意识到自己掉进了一个陷阱，以为同事的工作习惯就是归属感和值得尊重的标准——而这是不可持续的)”可知，作者精疲力竭，在办公室工作时，毫无头绪，所以疲劳影响了他的工作效率，推知tk a tll n是“对……有负面影响”之意，和B项意思相近。故选B项。
59．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Frm then n, I stpped cunting the number f wrk hurs I was putting in, leaving space every day fr exercising and ding activities that I enjyed. Eventually, I realized nbdy was keeping track f the amunt f time I spent in the lab anyway and it wasn’t smething I needed t wrry abut.(从那时起，我不再计算我投入的工作时间，每天留出时间锻炼和做我喜欢的活动。最终，我意识到没有人记录我在实验室里花了多少时间，这不是我需要担心的事情)”以及最后一段“S, when I ran int her again, weeks later, I tld her that even thugh I was feeling a lt f pressure in the final year f my Ph.D., I was putting my mental and physical health first and wasn’t wrking vertime. I als began t talk with ther students abut hw quality sleep, physical activity, healthy eating, and reasnable wrk hurs were a daily part f my rutine.(所以，几周后，当我再次遇到她时，我告诉她，尽管我在博士学位的最后一年感到压力很大，但我还是把心理和身体健康放在第一位，没有加班。我也开始和其他学生谈论高质量的睡眠、体育锻炼、健康的饮食和合理的工作时间是我日常生活的一部分)”可知，作者主要想要告诉读者健康的工作与生活平衡很重要。故选A项。
(B)
We shuld all have at least ne fire extinguisher smewhere in ur hme, but it’s nt enugh t simply keep ne under the kitchen sink. If there is a fire, yur safety — and the safety f yur hme — depends n knwing hw t use that fire extinguisher crrectly. In case yur fire extinguisher has been sitting arund cllecting dust, here’s everything yu need t knw befre brushing it ff and fighting a fire in yur hme the right way.
Chse the right fire extinguisher
The first thing yu need t knw is the different classificatins f fires. Mst husehld fires fall int ne f the fllwing categries:
Class A: Fires fueled by slid cmbustibles like wd, paper, and clth.
Class B: Fires fueled by flammable liquids such as il and gasline.
Class C: Fires started r fueled by faulty wiring and appliances.
Class D: Fires started r fueled by cking ils, animal facts, and vegetable fats.
All fire extinguishers are labeled t indicate which classes f fire they are designed t cmbat. Mst husehld fire extinguishers are cnsidered multipurpse and labeled fr use in A, B, and C classes. Class K extinguishers are heavier duty and will need t be bught separately. Husehld fire extinguishers are als rated fr the size f fire that they can safely handle. The higher the rating, the larger the fire the extinguisher can put ut. Higher-rated extinguishers are ften heavier.
Steps fr prper extinguisher use
Once yu understand the different types f fire extinguishers and their uses, yu need t be able t prperly perate ne.
Step 1: Identify a clear exit/escape rute
Befre perating the fire extinguisher, make sure yu have a clear evacuatin path. If yu cannt put ut the fire, yu’ll need t make a safe exit. Als, make sure everyne else is being evacuated frm the building.
Step 2: Call the fire department
Even if the fire appears manageable, yu shuld always have the fire department n the way. Once firefighters arrive, they can duble-check whether the fire has been cmpletely extinguished.
Step 3: Stand back
Face the fire and keep yur back t the clear exit. Yu shuld stay between 1.8 and 2.5 meters away frm the flames as yu prepare t perate the fire extinguisher.
Step 4: Operate the extinguisher
It can be difficult t think clearly during an emergency. Thankfully, there is a lng-standing acrnym(首字母缩略词)— PASS — t help yu recall the steps invlved in perating yur fire extinguisher.
P: Pull the pin (保险销) n the fire extinguisher.
A: Aim lw. Pint the nzzle at the base f the fire instead f the flames.
S: Squeeze the handle r lever t discharge the extinguisher.
S: Sweep the nzzle back and frth until the flames are extinguished.
Step 5: Keep an eye n things
After the flames appear t be ut, cntinue t watch the fire area t make sure it desn’t reignite. If the fire des start up again, repeat the “PASS” prcess.
Step 6: Get t a safe place
Once the fire is ut, r if yu are unable t put it ut, leave the scene. Find a place ut f reach f the fire.
60．Accrding t the passage, what is the tp pririty in a fire emergency?
A．Find ut hw t escape.B．Operate a fire extinguisher.
C．Call the fire department.D．Escape and leave everything behind.
61．The fllwing pictures shw the fur steps f the “PASS” prcess. Accrding t the passage, what is their crrect rder?
A．③②④①B．④②③①
C．③④①②D．④③①②
62．Accrding t the passage, after a fire appears t have been extinguished, we shuld _________.
A．leave the fire area at nceB．repeat the “PASS” prcess
C．inspect the fire area carefullyD．have the fire department n the way
【答案】60．A 61．B 62．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了灭火器的正确使用方法以及火灾的注意事项。
60．细节理解题。根据Step 1: Identify a clear exit/escape rute部分中“Befre perating the fire extinguisher, make sure yu have a clear evacuatin path. If yu cannt put ut the fire, yu’ll need t make a safe exit. Als, make sure everyne else is being evacuated frm the building.(在操作灭火器之前，确保你有一个清晰的疏散路径。如果你不能把火扑灭，你需要找一个安全的出口。还有，确保所有人都从大楼里撤离了)”可知，在火灾紧急情况下，找出逃跑的方法是最优先考虑的。故选A。
61．细节理解题。根据Step 4: Operate the extinguisher部分中“P: Pull the pin (保险销) n the fire extinguisher. A: Aim lw. Pint the nzzle at the base f the fire instead f the flames. S: Squeeze the handle r lever t discharge the extinguisher. S: Sweep the nzzle back and frth until the flames are extinguished.(P：拔出灭火器上的插销。A：放低目标。把喷嘴对准火的底部，而不是火焰。S：挤压把手或杠杆就能把灭火器放出来。S：来回扫射喷嘴，直到火焰熄灭)”可知，正确顺序是④②③①。故选B。
62．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“After the flames appear t be ut, cntinue t watch the fire area t make sure it desn’t reignite. If the fire des start up again, repeat the “PASS” prcess.(在火焰似乎熄灭后，继续观察火区，以确保它不会再次点燃。如果火再次启动，重复“PASS”过程)”可知，在火灾似乎已经熄灭后，我们应该仔细检查火区。故选C。
(C)
Plastic is everywhere, frm the Arctic ice t vital rgans in the human bdy. In fact, previus estimates suggest that the average persn swallws a credit card-wrth f micrscpic plastic particles(颗粒) every week. But new research shws that this culd actually be an understatement.
Micrplastics are plastics smaller than 5 millimeters, fund in industrial waste, beauty prducts, and frmed during the degradatin f larger plastic pieces. Over time, they break dwn int even smaller nanplastics. These tiny particles can pass thrugh ur intestines and lungs int ur bldstreams, reaching vital rgans like the heart and brain.
While the idea f eating plastic is unsettling in itself, the majr cncern here is that these plastic particles cntain chemicals that can interrupt ur bdy’s natural release f hrmnes, ptentially increasing ur risk f reprductive disrders and certain cancers. They can als carry txins(毒素) n their surface like heavy metals.
In the past, researchers have shwn bttled water can cntain tens f thusands f identifiable plastic fragments in a single cntainer. Hwever, until recently, nly the larger micrplastics were detectable with available measuring tls, leaving the area f nanplastics largely a mystery.
Using Raman micrscpy (显微镜学), capable f detecting particles dwn t the size f a flu virus, the team measured an average f 240, 000 particles f plastic per liter f bttled water, 90 percent f which were nanplastics, a revelatin 10 t 100 times larger than previus estimates.
These plastics likely riginate frm the bttle material, filters used t “purify” the water, and the surce water itself. “It is nt ttally unexpected t find s much f this stuff, ” the study’s lead authr, Clumbia graduate student Naixin Qian, said in a statement. His team hpes t expand their research int tap water and ther water surces t better infrm ur expsure t these ptentially dangerus particles. “The idea is that the smaller things get, the mre f them I reveal, ” he added.
63．What is the primary fcus f the new research?
A．The presence f plastic particles.B．The use f plastic in everyday prducts.
C．The detectin methds fr micrplastics.D．The ptential risks f nanplastics t human.
64．What is the advantage f Raman micrscpy?
A．Finding the surce f plastic particles.B．Helping t cure the deadly flu virus.
C．Detecting the smaller plastic particles.D．Imprving the quality f bttled water.
65．Why will the team expand their research int tap water?
A．T fcus n areas with higher plastic pllutin.
B．T be aware f the dangerus particles in daily life.
C．T further measure the types f particles in tap water.
D．T detect the smaller plastic particles in industrial areas.
66．What is Qian’s attitude twards his research?
A．Skeptical.B．Objective.C．Cnservative.D．Psitive.
【答案】63．D 64．C 65．B 66．D
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究揭示微塑料和纳米塑料对人体健康的潜在影响。
63．细节理解题。根据第三段“While the idea f eating plastic is unsettling in itself, the majr cncern here is that these plastic particles cntain chemicals that can interrupt ur bdy’s natural release f hrmnes, ptentially increasing ur risk f reprductive disrders and certain cancers. They can als carry txins(毒素) n their surface like heavy metals.( 虽然吃塑料的想法本身就令人不安，但主要的担忧是，这些塑料颗粒含有的化学物质会中断我们身体自然释放的激素，可能会增加我们患生殖障碍和某些癌症的风险。它们的表面也会携带重金属等毒素。)” 可知，新研究的焦点是纳米塑料对人体可能造成的风险。故选D。
64．细节理解题。根据第五段“Using Raman micrscpy (显微镜学), capable f detecting particles dwn t the size f a flu virus, the team measured an average f 240, 000 particles f plastic per liter f bttled water, 90 percent f which were nanplastics, a revelatin 10 t 100 times larger than previus estimates.(利用拉曼显微镜，能够检测到流感病毒大小的颗粒，研究小组测量到每升瓶装水中平均有24万个塑料颗粒，其中90%是纳米塑料，比之前估计的要大10到100倍。)”可知，拉曼显微镜学的优势是能够检测到非常小的塑料颗粒。故选C。
65．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“His team hpes t expand their research int tap water and ther water surces t better infrm ur expsure t these ptentially dangerus particles.(他的团队希望将他们的研究扩展到自来水和其他水源，以更好地了解我们接触这些潜在危险颗粒的情况。)”可以推断出，研究小组将研究扩展到自来水等其他水源是为了让人们意识到在日常生活中面临的颗粒风险。故选B。
66．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Qian的话 “It is nt ttally unexpected t find s much f this stuff(发现这么多这种东西并不完全出乎意料) ” 及 “The idea is that the smaller things get, the mre f them I reveal(我的想法是，东西越小，我揭示的东西就越多)” 可知他并不对发现大量微塑料感到完全意外，并且研究对象越小，揭示的就会越多，因此可以推断出Qian对他的研究持积极态度。故选D。
Sectin C
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the sentences in the bx Each sentence can nly be used nce. Nte that there are tw sentences mre than yu need.
T Big, T Expensive and T Silly — Why Vide Game Mvies Fail
Film adaptatins f vide games have fallen n the unsuspecting viewing public like a Drp Bear. At first they lk harmless enugh, but they ften leave viewers bruised and regretful.
These mvies are plentiful. 67 Yet despite big budgets and quality talent bth in frnt f and behind the camera, mst vide game mvies are cmmercial and critical failures.
68 The answer cmes dwn t a cmplex mix f cnflicting audience demands and cmmercial realities. Vide game mvies ften assume that the audience wants, r is interested in, the game’s legend and backgrund. In fairness, this is ut f fear that fans will? Criticise legend changes, alienating a key demgraphic. But games reveal legend prgressively ver tens f hurs f gameplay, whereas mvies have a small prtin f that time. This tensin risks creating bring expsitin and cmplex stry lines. Fr example, Warcraft details the rigins f cnflict between humans and rcs (兽), the central cnflict in the game’s wrld. 69
Additinally, excessive adherence t the surce material extends t using silly plt devices withut spending enugh time establishing prper reasns fr their existence. In games, these can wrk due t the “unspken but cmmnly understd lgic f ‘this is a vide game’”. In a game, peple accept incnsistent narrative devices because they facilitate interesting interactin and are the quickest rute twards allwing gamers t, say, sht hell-mnsters n Mars.
The game series became increasingly cmplex , as the player-cntrlled prtagnist (主角) parkured his way thrugh time perids like Renaissance Italy and Revlutinary America. The incredibility f the narrative wrld paled beside the fun f vaulting frm rftp t rftp in15th-century Flrence.
70 The plt — an riginal stry which retains the key elements f the games —was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “hastily explained” and “disrienting”. Vanity Fair pinted ut that. It’s nt clear why any f this is happening and RgerEbert.cm summed it up as: Characters [talking] in quiet whispers abut the cmplex methds they use t realize their prly-hidden agendas.
A．S why d these mvies fail?
B．The film, in cntrast, failed t bring its audience alng fr the ride.
C．Game adaptatins issues seem nt t be due t a lack f resurces.
D．But the return n investment is nt encuraging, with a number failing t recup csts.
E．The ptential t appeal t a devted fan base makes these mvies an attractive prspect.
F．Hwever, a cmmn criticism was that it was full f bring expsitin and mstly uninteresting characters.
【答案】67．E 68．A 69．F 70．B
【导语】本文一篇议论文。文章对失败的电子游戏改编电影进行了批评。
67．根据下文“Yet despite big budgets and quality talent bth in frnt f and behind the camera, mst vide game mvies are cmmercial and critical failures.(然而，尽管有巨大的预算和高质量的人才，但大多数电子游戏电影在商业和评论界都是失败的。)”中副词“Yet”可知，上下文之间是转折关系，下文说“大多数电子游戏电影在商业和评论界都是失败的”，与E项中“The ptential t appeal t a devted fan base makes these mvies an attractive prspect.(吸引忠实粉丝群的潜力使这些电影具有诱人的前景。)”中描述的“诱人的前景”构成转折关系。同时，E项中“these mvies”与上文“These mvies”相照应。故选E项。
68．下文“The answer cmes dwn t a cmplex mix f cnflicting audience demands and cmmercial realities. (答案可以归结为受众需求和商业现实之间相互矛盾的复杂组合。)”是一个答案，分析了电子游戏电影失败的原因，针对A项“S why d these mvies fail?(那么，这些电影为什么会失败呢?)”提出的问题给出答案。故选A项。
69．上文“But games reveal legend prgressively ver tens f hurs f gameplay, whereas mvies have a small prtin f that time. This tensin risks creating bring expsitin and cmplex stry lines. (但游戏会在数十小时的游戏过程中逐步展现传奇，而电影只会占用一小部分时间。这种紧张感可能会产生无聊的叙述和复杂的故事情节。)”分析了游戏和电子游戏电影的不同，说明电影会产生无聊的叙述和复杂的故事情节，然后下文“Fr example, Warcraft details the rigins f cnflict between humans and rcs (兽), the central cnflict in the game’s wrld.(例如，《魔兽争霸》详细描述了人类和兽人之间冲突的起源，这是游戏世界的核心冲突。)”用《魔兽争霸》电影为例进行举例说明，F项“Hwever, a cmmn criticism was that it was full f bring expsitin and mstly uninteresting characters.(然而，一个普遍的批评是，它充满了无聊的叙述和大多数无趣的角色。)”承接上一句，说明《魔兽争霸》电影中的详细描述导致了无聊和无趣，照应了上文“creating bring expsitin and cmplex stry lines”，上下文语意连贯。故选F项。
70．下文“The plt — an riginal stry which retains the key elements f the games — was criticized as “scattered and fractured”, “hastily explained” and “disrienting”.(电影情节保留了游戏的关键元素，但被批评为“支离破碎”、“解释草率”和“迷失方向”。)”说明了游戏改编电影的问题，是对B项“The film, in cntrast, failed t bring its audience alng fr the ride.(相比之下，这部电影没能吸引观众。)”的解释，说明了电影没能吸引观众的原因。上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Are we greening ur cities, r just greenwashing them?
Architecture and urban design is chasing a green fever dream. Everywhere yu lk, there are plans fr “sustainable” buildings, futuristic ec-cities and aquapnic farms n the rf, each prmising t add a green tuch t the mdern city.
All f these are surely gd ideas at sme level. They are trying t repair sme f the damage ur lifestyle has dne t the planet. But, despite the rhetric f reuniting the city with nature, tday’s green urban dream is t ften abut bringing a technlgically cntrlled versin f nature int the city and declaring the prblem slved, rather than lking at the deeper causes f ur envirnmental and urban prblems.
One f the mst striking examples is Apple’s “spaceship” campus nw under cnstructin in Silicn Valley. Thugh it seems t be sustainable and energy efficient—80 percent f its 175-acre site is preserved fr landscaping, it is by any measure a huge, expensive and massively resurce-intensive prject. As a suburban white-cllar wrkplace, it must include vast garages fr 13,000 Apple emplyees. Thus, it will leave n smaller envirnmental ftprint than a traditinal ffice park.
Designing a perfect green building r ec-city isn’t enugh t save the wrld. Althugh ur buildings, like ur cars, have been inefficient envirnmentally, architecture isn’t directly respnsible fr humanity’s disastrus envirnmental impacts. An ecnmic system based n the destructin f nature is the real prblem. N green building can help us repair the eclgical damage we have caused, nr can any number f aquapnic farms bring us back t the real nature.
Instead f adding “nature” t the urban lifestyle, architects may wrk t design better relatinships between ur cities and nature, and t prmte just relatinships between the peple in them.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Architects are trying t make cities greener. Their cmmn apprach is using technlgy t bring in sme nature elements. Apple’s “spaceship” campus is claimed t be ec-friendly but actually isn’t. Such prjects can’t help because architecture isn’t the real cause f envirnmental prblems. S effrts shuld be made t enable cities and their peple t c-exist with nature harmniusly.
【导语】本文是议论文。建筑师们正努力让城市变得更环保。他们常用的方法是利用技术引入一些自然元素。苹果公司的“宇宙飞船”园区声称是环保的，但实际上并非如此。这样的项目无济于事，因为建筑并不是环境问题的真正原因。因此，应该努力使城市及其居民与自然和谐共处。
【详解】1. 要点摘录
①Architecture and urban design is chasing a green fever dream.
②But, despite the rhetric f reuniting the city with nature, tday’s green urban dream is t ften abut bringing a technlgically cntrlled versin f nature int the city and declaring the prblem slved, rather than lking at the deeper causes f ur envirnmental and urban prblems.
③One f the mst striking examples is Apple’s “spaceship” campus nw under cnstructin in Silicn Valley. Thugh it seems t be sustainable and energy efficient—80 percent f its 175-acre site is preserved fr landscaping, it is by any measure a huge, expensive and massively resurce-intensive prject.
④Designing a perfect green building r ec-city isn’t enugh t save the wrld.
⑤Instead f adding “nature” t the urban lifestyle, architects may wrk t design better relatinships between ur cities and nature, and t prmte just relatinships between the peple in them.
2. 缜密构思
将1、 2、 3、 4、 5五个要点进行整合重组。
3. 遣词造句
Architects are trying t make cities greener.
Their cmmn apprach is using technlgy t bring in sme nature elements.
Apple’s “spaceship” campus is claimed t be ec-friendly but actually isn’t.
Such prjects can’t help because architecture isn’t the real cause f envirnmental prblems.
S effrts shuld be made t enable cities and their peple t c-exist with nature harmniusly.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Such prjects can’t help because architecture isn’t the real cause f envirnmental prblems.(because引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型2]S effrts shuld be made t enable cities and their peple t c-exist with nature harmniusly.(含情态动词的被动语态)
V.Translatin (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directins:Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets
72．人们通过在微信上分享照片让亲朋好友了解他们的近况。(keep)
【答案】Peple keep their relatives and friends infrmed f their recent situatins by sharing phts n WeChat.
【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。根据所给中文提示词，主语是“人们”译为“peple”，“让某人了解某事”用短语keep sb infrmed f sth，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，“亲朋好友”译为“their relatives and friends”，“他们的近况”，译为“their recent situatins”，“通过在微信上分享照片”可用介词短语by ding sth.译为“by sharing phts n WeChat”。故译为：Peple keep their relatives and friends infrmed f their recent situatins by sharing phts n WeChat.
73．经过一年的修复，这家影院焕然一新，拥有了一流的视听效果。(take n)

【答案】After a year’s restratin, the cinema tk n a new lk, equipped with first-class audi-visual effects.
【详解】考查时态、动词短语和介词。描述过去的一次性动作，句子应用一般过去时。“经过一年的修复”译成After a year’s restratin，在句中作时间状语，主语“这家影院”译成the cinema，“焕然一新”译成take n a new lk，take要用过去式tk，“拥有了”译为equipped with，过去分词短语在句中作状语，“一流的”译为first-class，“视听效果”译为audi-visual effects。故翻译为：After a year’s restratin, the cinema tk n a new lk, equipped with first-class audi-visual effects.
74．这部电视剧剧情扣人心弦，让人欲罢不能，还警示了观众：守住初心，才能生活得简单而快乐。(s…that…)

【答案】The plt f this TV drama is s gripping that peple can’t help carrying n, and it als serves as a warning t the audience: nly by hlding nt ne’s riginal intentin can ne live a simple and happy life.
【详解】考查句子结构。根据句意可知，本句描述现实状况，用一般现在时。表示主语“这部电视剧剧情”为名词短语the plt f this TV drama，是单数；系动词用is，用s…that…句型表示“扣人心弦，让人欲罢不能”为s gripping that peple can’t help carrying n，形容词作表语，that引导结果状语从句；表示“还警示了观众”为it als serves as a warning t the audience，用and连接和前文并列；表示“守住初心，才能生活得简单而快乐”为nly by hlding nt ne’s riginal intentin can ne live a simple and happy life，是nly+状语引起的部分倒装句型，动名词作by的宾语，live a … life是固定短语。句首字母大写，故翻译为The plt f this TV drama is s gripping that peple can’t help carrying n, and it als serves as a warning t the audience: nly by hlding nt ne’s riginal intentin can ne live a simple and happy life.
75．正如公民媒体领域的专家所告诫，无论新闻标题多么吸睛，如果报道的内容经不起推敲或完全无中生有，那么将追究作者的责任。(hwever)
【答案】As experts in the field f citizen media warn, hwever attractive the headlines are, the authrs will be held accuntable if the cntent cannt withstand scrutiny r leave nthing.
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句、状语从句、名词、动词和形容词。陈述客观事实，句子使用一般现在时，表示“公民媒体”应用名词citizen media；表示“警告”应动词warn；表示“正如公民媒体领域的专家所告诫”用非限制定语从句as experts in the field f citizen media warn；表示“吸睛的”用形容词attractive；表示“新闻标题”用名词adline；表示“无论新闻标题多么吸睛”用让步状语从句hwever attractive the headlines are；表示“内容”用名词cntent；表示“经不起推敲”用短语cannt withstand scrutiny；表示“完全无中生有”用短语leave nthing；表示“负后责任的”用形容词accuntable；表示“如果报道的内容经不起推敲或完全无中生有”用if the cntent cannt withstand scrutiny r leave nthing。故翻译为As experts in the field f citizen media warn, hwever attractive the headlines are, the authrs will be held accuntable if the cntent cannt withstand scrutiny r leave nthing。
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese
假设你是明启中学的高三学生李明，你校学生会就成人仪式(Cming-f-age Ceremny)的活动内容向全校学生征求意见。你决定写一封邮件给学生会，表达你的意见，内容包括：
1.你建议成人仪式包含哪些活动；
2.你提出这些建议的理由。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear chairpersn,
I’m Li Ming, a senir student in ur schl. Hearing that the Student Unin is cllecting students’ pinins fr this year’s cming-f-age ceremny, I am writing t share my ideas.
Firstly, I suggest that the ceremny shuld include a speech cntest where students wuld deliver a speech n the respnsibilities f adulthd. This wuld help participants understand the significance f assuming greater respnsibilities. Secndly, I prpse that we rganize a cmmunity service activity where students wuld participate in vlunteer wrk. This wuld help participants understand the imprtance f cntributing t sciety and wuld als prvide an pprtunity fr them t give back t the cmmunity.
I hpe my suggestins wuld cntribute t making the Cming-f-Age Ceremny a memrable and meaningful experience fr all participants. Thank yu fr cnsidering my ideas.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Ming
【导语】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给学生会写一封邮件，表达自己对成人仪式的意见，内容包括：建议成人仪式包含哪些活动，提出这些建议的理由。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
意见：pinin→view
比赛：cntest→cmpetitin
发表演讲：deliver a speech→give a lecture
参加：participate in→take part in
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m Li Ming, a senir student in ur schl.
拓展句：I’m Li Ming, wh is a senir student in ur schl.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that the Student Unin is cllecting students’ pinins fr this year’s cming-f-age ceremny, I am writing t share my ideas.(使用了现在分词作状语、that引导宾语从句、不定式作目的状语)
【高分句型2】Firstly, I suggest that the ceremny shuld include a speech cntest where students wuld deliver a speech n the respnsibilities f adulthd.(使用了that引导宾语从句、where引导定语从句)
听力原文录音文字稿
A．aut-cmplete B．determine C． essentially D．grammatical E. gruped
F. indicating G. instructins H. likely I. resembles J. rigidly K. simple