高中英语学业水平测试复习题型Ⅱ专题2推理判断题课件

这是一份高中英语学业水平测试复习题型Ⅱ专题2推理判断题课件，共28页。
专题2　推理判断题——逻辑分析，揣摩推测推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的逻辑推理能力。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。
[常见的设问方式]1．We can infer frm the passage that ________．2．The passage/authr implies that ________．3．It can be cncluded frm the passage that ________．4．The main purpse f the passage is ________．5．Where des this passage prbably cme frm?6．What's the authr's attitude ．The writer develped the passage/his main idea by________．
[选项特征]1．正确选项的特征。(1)“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。(2)选项中一般不可以出现表示绝对概念的词，如nly，never，all，abslutely等，正确答案的表述一般会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词，如ften，usually，smetimes，sme，may，might，can，culd，pssibly，prbably等。2．干扰选项的特征。(1)曲解文意。推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的词设计出干扰项，使其看似表达了文章的意思，其实是对原文意思的曲解。因此，在阅读文章时要从字里行间捕捉线索，这是推理判断的前提和基础。在此基础上，再通过分析、判断，做出符合逻辑的推断。
(2)张冠李戴。题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项中却出现了作者的观点。(3)偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。(4)无中生有。这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。(5)鱼目混珠。这种类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在特定语境中的具体含义。
(6)扩缩范围。为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定，有时通过加上almst，all，nearly，mre than，nrmally，usually等词语对文意加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给解题造成干扰的命题方法。
[解题技法]技法一　隐含推断题——关键词句细推敲隐含推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助语境进行推理判断。只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解关键词句的真正含义，才可能作出准确的推断。一般题干主要包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，cnclude(作出结论)和assume(假定，设想)。
解此类试题常用“推敲关键词句”法，解题流程如下：第一步：定位细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息(关键词语)。第二步：揣摩细节——对原文中的信息进行分析，推理判断，利用逆向思维和正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。注意：1.切勿拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推理的结论。2.切勿脱离原文而凭个人看法主观臆断。
技法二　观点态度题——“忠于措辞”定选项所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。解此类试题常用“忠于措辞”法，找出答案。文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，应注意文中作者或人物的措辞。
(1)正确理解字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。(2)留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。(3)结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。(4)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。
技法三　写作意图题——文体特点推意图各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图。通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。解此类试题常用以下方法：1．依据文体特点推意图。(1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。(2)应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。
(3)说明文：推断作者的写作目的在于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。(4)议论文：提出论点—进行论证—得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。2．看写作手法找答案。(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时，答案中往往会含有t bring in/t intrduce the tpic等字眼。(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有t supprt/t shw...。
技法四　文章出处题/读者对象题——内容细节巧判断文章来源题要求考生具备一定的常识，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。读者对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象，即作者预定的读者对象是什么人。对于此类试题，应对内容细节巧判断，然后推断出答案。1．利用内容判断文章出处。(1)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称→newspaper(2)推销介绍新产品→advertisement(3)文章中有click here等网络用语→website(4)旅游胜地方面的介绍→travel guide
(5)时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍→magazine/jurnal/entertainment sectin(6)科普知识→science reprt(7)文化教育类文章→educatin sectin2．利用内容判断文章类别。(1)旅游景点方面的介绍：travel guide(2)新产品/新书/新影片/演出介绍：advertisement(3)活动介绍：ntice/annuncement(4)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称：news(5)科普知识/研究介绍：science reprt/study reprt3．确定读者对象。先确定文章主题，再根据文章具体细节判断读者对象。
Passage 1I've spent ver a year in India，and in thse 365 plus days，I've learned a lt abut getting arund Indian cities.My biggest lessns have been learned thrugh being cheated，particularly by taxi and rickshaw (人力车) drivers，but that desn't mean thse are bad ways t travel，as lng as yu knw what yu're ding.Belw are the best ways t get arund the city f Delhi，India，and tips fr hw t keep frm being the victim f scams (欺诈)．
Taking taxis is a great way t get arund the city f Delhi and chances are，if yu arrive in Delhi by plane，as sn as yu make it thrugh custms，yu'll be swarmed by Indian taxi drivers.At the Delhi airprt，be sure t arrange fr a taxi t yur htel at ne f the tw Delhi Traffic Plice Taxi Bths.One is inside the airprt，and the ther is utside.The key is t make sure t g t a bth run by the plice，rather than by independent taxi drivers.Rickshaws are ne f my favurite ways t get arund Indian cities，in part because it's hw the lcals ften travel.Aut­rickshaws are mre cmmn，but bicycle rickshaws are still used in Old Delhi.If yu d have a chance t take a bicycle rickshaw，yu shuld d it at least nce fr a unique experience that shuld nly set yu back abut 15 rupees.Aut­rickshaw rates arund Delhi range between 30 and 80 rupees，depending n the distance.
If yu really want t travel arund Delhi like the lcals，take a public bus.Indian buses becme very crwded and mst d nt have air cnditining.They are，hwever，very cheap.A bus trip wn't set yu back any mre than 15 rupees，as lng as yu stay within the city limits.Since Indian buses get s crwded，try t bard the bus at the start f the rute s yu can get a seat.
The train is a great way t get arund within the city f Delhi. Fares are reasnable，between 6 and 22 rupees.All departure annuncements are in bth Hindi and English，and tkens can be purchased fr between 6 and 22 rupees.
1．The authr is trying t ________ in Delhi thrugh this text.A．give sme advice f travellingB．expect us t travel arundC．shw his/her experiencesD．explain the difficulties f travelling【语篇解读】　 本文作者就自己在印度德里旅行时的交通方面提出了几点建议。A　通读全文，我们可以看出，作者在本文中给读者提出了一些建议，告诉读者在德里旅行时应注意的一些问题。因此，本文的写作目的也就是要给读者提出建议。
2．T avid being cheated，yu ught t ______ if yu want t take a taxi at the Delhi airprt.A．pay mre t the drivers t keep safeB．shw yur ticket t the driverC．g t a plice­run bthD．g ut f the airprtC　根据第二段的最后一句可知，在机场搭乘出租车时，应到警察经营的摊位。
3．The authr suggests taking a rickshaw in rder t ________．A．save sme mneyB．enjy the cmfrtable tripC．gain a unique experienceD．help the lcal rickshaw driversC　根据第三段的第三句可知，作者建议乘坐人力车以获得一种独特的体验。
4．What can we infer frm the passage?A．Yu wn't have t pay much if yu travel arund by bus in India.B．It will be difficult fr yu t get a seat if yu get n the bus halfway.C．A rickshaw driver nly charges whatever amunt yu give him.D．Yu'll have t speak English if yu travel arund in India.B　根据第四段的最后一句可知，为了上车后能有一个座位，作者建议最好从起点站上车。这就意味着如果中途上车的话，就很难有座位了。
5．Which may be the tpic that fllws?A．Htel recmmendatins in DelhiB．Weather cnditins in DelhiC．Fd and drink in DelhiD．Car rentals in DelhiD　由本文第一段的最后一句可知，本文主要介绍了关于在德里交通方面避免受骗的几点建议。在给出的几个选项当中，只有D项与交通有关。据此，我们可以确定后面最有可能要讨论的是汽车租赁业务。
Passage 2A fellw speaker frm Califrnia named Geri flew t Japan，in her favurite jeans and a casual jacket，t give her first speech. Furteen hurs later，fur perfectly dressed Japanese gentlemen greeted her at Narita Airprt.Smiling and bwing lw，they handed her their business cards.With her bag in ne hand，Geri tk their cards with the ther.She thanked them，glanced briefly at the cards，and put them int her jeans pcket quickly.When the five f them arrived at the htel，they invited Geri t tea in the lbby (大厅)．While sipping tea，the gentlemen presented her with a small gift which she eagerly pened.She was thrilled with the gift and shuted excitedly，“Oh，it's beautiful！”
At this pint，the fur Japanese gentlemen std up and，bwing nly very slightly，said“Saynara”and left immediately.Pr Geri was left astnished.What did she d wrng?Everything! Her jeans were the first gaffe．Even if yu're cming ff a bicycle in Japan，yu d nt meet clients (客人) casually dressed.The secnd mistake was Geri's handling f their business cards rudely.In Japan，the business card is ne f the mst imprtant cmmunicative tls.It is always presented and accepted respectfully with bth hands.Hwever，Geri put their cards away much t quickly.In Japan，peple use business cards as a cnversatin starter.Yu chat abut each ther's cards and wrk and d nt put theirs away until they gently and respectfully place yurs in safe keeping.Putting it carelessly int her jeans pcket was the ultimate disrespect.
Then，the furth hrrr f hrrrs was that Geri shuld nt have pened the gift in frnt f her clients.In a land where saving face is critical，it wuld be embarrassing t discver the gift they gave was nt as nice as the ne they received.What is wrse，Geri hadn't even given them a gift!1．In the fur Japanese gentlemen's eyes，Geri tk their cards __．A．excitedly　　　B．embarrassinglyC．plitely D．disrespectfully【语篇解读】　 本文介绍了Geri在与日本人交往中所犯的几个礼仪上的错误。D　由文章第一段“ briefly at the cards，and put them int her jeans pcket quickly.”和第四段的“The secnd mistake was Geri's handling f their business cards rudely.”可知答案。
2．Why did the fur Japanese gentlemen leave Geri suddenly?A．Because they culdn't bear Geri's behaviur any lnger.B．Because they had finished the task.C．Because Geri had smething mre imprtant t d.D．Because Geri felt embarrassed.A　由第五段“Then，the furth hrrr f hrrrs was that Geri shuld nt have pened the gift in frnt f her clients.In a land where saving face is critical，it wuld be embarrassing t discver the gift they gave was nt as nice as the ne they received.”可推知答案。
3．What des the underlined wrd“gaffe”in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?A．Ignrance. B．Sadness.C．Mistake. D．Carelessness.C　由第三段“What did she d wrng？”和第四段的“The secnd mistake was Geri's handling f their business cards rudely.”可推知答案。
4．The third mistake Geri made was that she ________．A．used her wn card as a cnversatin starterB．tk her clients' cards with ne handC．kept her clients' cards in a wrng placeD．met her clients in jeansC　由第四段“The secnd mistake was Geri's handling f their business cards rudely.”和“Putting it carelessly int her jeans pcket was the ultimate disrespect.”可推知答案。