2024年陕西省汉中市高考英语一模试卷（含详细答案解析）

这是一份2024年陕西省汉中市高考英语一模试卷（含详细答案解析），共20页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，阅读七选五，完形填空，语法填空，短文改错，书面表达等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共30分。
A
Libraries are places t preserve cultural heritage，develp infrmatin resurces and carry ut scial educatin.Let's lk at sme f the mst beautiful libraries in the wrld.
Vennesla Library and Culture Huse，Nrway
The library is ne f the mst beautiful libraries in the wrld.Opened in 2011，this library is an imprtant site fr cncerts，theatrical perfrmances and film screenings.The design f the library is unique.The building is supprted by 27 laminated （层压的） wd arches that hld the rf up.
Bibliteca Nazinale Marciana，Italy
The library is ne f the largest and mst imprtant libraries in Italy.It preserves ne f the mst imprtant cllectins f Greek，Latin and Asian manuscripts （手稿） in the entire wrld.Sme f them are the mst precius pieces.The library specializes in Venetian histry and classic phillgy.Its cllectin f antique maps is als very significant.
Stacja Kultura，Pland
Thanks t a recent restratin，a statin that was nce in ruins underwent an architectural change.The library might seem unremarkable frm the utside，but the innvative prject and its divisin int a train statin，public library and cultural center have certainly made this building wrth a visit.
Beinecke Rare Bk and Manuscript Library，United States
The library is the main surce f literary archives （档案），ancient manuscripts and rare bks at Yale University，and it's visited by students and researchers frm arund the wrld.Cmpleted in 1963，the library is hme t the Bllingen Prize fr Petry which is awarded biennially，and the Windham-Campbell Prizes which are awarded annually fr fictin，literary essays，petry，and theater.
1.Which library will attract peple interested in the stage？ ______
A. Vennesla Library and Culture Huse.
B. Bibliteca Nazinale Marciana.
C. Stacja Kultura.
D. Beinecke Rare Bk and Manuscript Library.
2.Which aspect makes Stacja Kultura different frm the ther three libraries？ ______
A. Its architecture.B. Its cllectin.
C. Its lcatin.D. Its riginal wner.
3.What d the secnd library and the furth library have in cmmn？ ______
A. They have a lng histry.
B. They are favred by mvie lvers.
C. They hld sme precius treasures.
D. They are the mst imprtant libraries.
B
When hurricanes left a path f destructin in Puert Ric，Pennsylvania Cllege f Technlgy student Natascha G.Santaella felt a variety f painful emtins.
"I spent arund six days stressing and having a very hard time with me having all the luxuries I currently d and my family nt having any，" the Guaynab，Puert Ric，resident said.Santaella said that her hmetwn is withut pwer and water，and peple there are scared f what is t cme.
T reduce her stress，Santaella，wh is studying fr an assciate degree in baking and pastry arts，immersed （沉浸） herself in what she knws best：baking. "It started ut as just baking bread and shipping it t the island t then be dispersed t the peple，but I fund that was very expensive fr me t d alne，s I spke with Chef Charles Niedermyer，ur instructr f baking and pastry arts abut a sale f baked gds in the cllege's Bush Campus Center."
"Natascha is a bright，energetic yung lady with a big heart，" Niedermyer said. "I was nt surprised t find her in my ffice，lking fr ways t help the peple f Puert Ric."
T prepare，Santaella had multiple meetings with Niedermyer，spent hurs finalizing recipes，designed signage （标志） and decratins，and gt friends t staff the sale table with her.And then there was the baking：Santaella and tw friends in the baking and pastry arts majr spent six hurs baking 90 laves f bread，24 dzen dinner rlls and 30 cheesecakes in a variety f flavrs.
During the six-hur sale，Santaella and her friends raised mre than ﹩1，000 fr United fr Puert Ric，an initiative designed t prvide aid and supprt t thse affected in Puert Ric by the passage f Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria.
"I hpe t mainly increase awareness f what has happened，and t shw peple that there are Puert Rican students at this schl，" Santaella said. "I hpe that thers had the great experience I had with all my teachers and hw understanding they were with me."
4.Why did Santaella feel very stressed？ ______
A. Because a big hurricane was appraching.
B. Because she was left withut pwer and water.
C. Because her flks were suffering due t hurricanes.
D. Because she lst all her belngings in the hurricane.
5.What des the underlined wrd "dispersed" prbably mean in Paragraph 3？ ______
A. Expsed.B. Cnnected.C. Distributed.D. Cntributed.
6.What can we learn frm the text？ ______
A. Puert Ric might be stricken by hurricanes frequently.
B. Niedermyer respnded t Santaella's ideas cldly.
C. Santaella rganized the sale at her cllege all alne.
D. Pennsylvania Cllege has few students frm Puert Ric.
7.Which can be the best title fr the text？ ______
A. Hurricane Causes Huge Lsses t Puert Ric
B. Student Puts Skills t Use t Help Her Hmetwn
C. Cllege Student Shws Baking Skills Thrugh Sales
D. Teacher and Students Wrk Tgether in Fund Raising
C
What makes a wrd real？Wh has the pwer t make thse kinds f fficial decisins abut wrds？Thse are the questins many peple have in mind.When mst peple say a wrd isn't real，what they mean is that it desn't appear in a dictinary.That，f curse，raises sme ther questins，including，wh writes dictinaries？
Nw，dictinaries are gd resurces，but they are changeable.If yu ask dictinary editrs，what they'll tell yu is that they're just trying t keep up with peple as peple change the language.They're watching what peple say and what peple write and trying t figure ut what's ging t stick and what's nt ging t stick.
Every January，dictinary editrs g t the American Dialect Sciety Meeting every year，where amng ther things，they decide n the wrd f the year.There are abut 200 r 300 peple wh cme.Sme f them are the best knwn linguists in the United States.In the past，sme f the winners have been "staycatin" t describe a vacatin spent at hme and "tweet" t describe a pst made n the scial netwrking service Twitter.
S hw des a wrd get int a dictinary？It gets in because peple use it and peple keep using it，and dictinary editrs are paying attentin t peple.If a cmmunity f speakers is using a wrd and knws what it means，it's real.That wrd might be infrmal and that wrd might be a wrd that yu think is illgical r unnecessary，but as lng as peple are using the wrd，it is real.I hpe that what yu can d is t find language change nt annying but fun and interesting，just the way dictinary editrs d.I hpe yu can enjy being part f the creativity that is cntinually remaking ur language and keeping it alive.
8.Why d dictinaries change ver time？ ______
A. Speakers keep changing language.
B. Linguists ften make up new wrds.
C. Dictinary editrs change every year.
D. Wrds in the dictinary are ut f date.
9.Wh has the right t decide the wrd f the year？ ______
A. New wrds inventrs.B. American Officials.
C. Dictinary editrs.D. Famus linguists.
10.What is the authr's attitude twards language changing？ ______
A. Wrried.B. Psitive.C. Uninterested.D. Cnfused
11.Where des this passage mst prbably cme frm？ ______
A. A science fictin.B. A histry bk.
C. A news reprt.D. A ppular magazine.
D
Researchers at the University f Massachusetts Amherst （UMass Amherst） recently annunced that they have figured ut hw t engineer a bifilm （生物膜） that harvests the energy in evapratin （蒸发） and changes it t electricity.This bifilm，which was annunced in Nature Cmmunicatins，has the ptential t revlutinize the wrld f wearable electrnics，pwering everything frm persnal medical sensrs t persnal electrnics.
"This is a very exciting technlgy，" says Liu Xiameng，graduate student in electrical and cmputer engineering in UMass Amherst's Cllege f Engineering and the paper's lead authr. "It generates real green energy，and unlike ther s-called 'green-energy' surces，its prductin is ttally green."
That's because this bifilm-which is a sheet f bacterial cells and as thin as a sheet f paper-is prduced naturally by an，engineered versin f the bacterium Gebacter sulfurreducens （硫还原地杆菌） is knwn t prduce electricity and has been used previusly in "micrbial batteries" t pwer electrical equipment.But such batteries require that G.sulfurreducens be prperly cared fr and fed a cnstant diet.By cntrast，this new bifilm，which can supply as much energy as a cmparably sized battery，wrks cntinuusly，because it is dead.And because it's dead，it desn't need t be fed.
The secret behind this new bifilm is that it makes energy frm the misture （水分） n yur skin.Thugh we daily read stries abut slar pwer，at least 50% f the slar energy reaching the earth ges tward evaprating water. "This is a huge，undiscvered surce f energy，" says Ya Jun，prfessr f electrical and cmputer engineering at UMass Amherst，and the paper's ne senir authr.Since the surface f ur skin is cnstantly mist with sweat，the bifilm can "plug int" it and change the energy lcked in evapratin int enugh energy t pwer small equipment. "Our next step is t increase the size f ur film t pwer mre intelligent wearable electrnics，" says Ya，and Liu pints ut that ne f the gals is t pwer entire electrnic systems，rather than single equipment.
12.What functin is the bifilm expected t achieve？ ______
A. Updating wearable electrnics.
B. Acquiring pwer frm evapratin.
C. Changing the way f getting electricity.
D. Supplying energy t "micrbial batteries".
13.What is the advantage f the bifilm cmpared with "micrbial batteries"？ ______
A. It's thinner in thickness.B. It's envirnmentally friendly.
C. It reduces the cst in usage.D. It emplys a rare energy surce.
14.Hw des the bifilm pwer small devices？ ______
A. By interacting with slar pwer.
B. By gaining energy frm electrnic systems.
C. By using water t generate electricity.
D. By prducing cntinuus electricity frm sweat.
15.Which f the fllwing best describes the bifilm？ ______
A. Flexible.B. Cntrversial.C. Prmising.D. Delicate.
二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共10分。
There are hundreds f genres （流派） f music，s while sme might like ne kind，thers might like smething cmpletely different.Why d peple like different kinds f music？
（ 1） ______ At the same time，music can als help us feel like part f a grup r a culture，especially ne that shares an interest in a certain kind f music.
Music can als be nstalgic，that is，it creates a kind f lnging fr the past.Musicians leave behind a ftprint with their music.（2） ______ Even lng after the musicians are gne，peple still find smething in the musicians' recrdings that they can enjy.
We may als find that the music we like is strngly tied t ur memry.Maybe there was a sng that smene sang t us when we were little that brings up gd memries. （3） ______
When we listen t music that we like，a chemical called dpamine is smetimes released in the brain，which can make us feel gd. （4） ______ There are sme algrithms （算法） tday that can help pick up n the kind f music we like.When we are streaming music，sme prgrams will let us like r dislike sngs.
Peple's taste in music can remain the same in their whle life r it can change many times.But the truth is，we dn't knw all the exact answers t why peple like different kinds f music — r sprts，r fd，r clrs. （5） ______ We are all different peple wh like different things.
A.It's music t ur ears.
B.Music can be a part f ur identity.
C.It becmes a mirrr that we are hlding up.
D.They leave a permanent mark in peple's lives.
E.Therefre，we might want t listen t a sng n repeat.
F.Other times，we might find music can bring up sad memries.
G.There are lts f different factrs that can influence ur preferences.
16.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
17.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
18.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
19.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
20.A. AB. BC. CD. DE. EF. FG. G
三、完形填空：本大题共20小题，共30分。
A Virginia third-grader has wn tw natinal awards fr her exceptinal skill in ，handwriting.That's pretty remarkable n its wn.But what makes the girl's(21) extra special is that she accmplished it(22)having n hands.
On April 26，9-year-ld Anaya Ellick was named the(23)f the 2018 Zaner-Blser Natinal Handwriting Cntest.The award(24)students with special needs wh develp a great skill in handwriting.All participants have a mental r physical(25).
Anaya was brn withut hands n either arm.(26)she was fitted with prsthetics （假肢） fr a time，she decided she was better ff with her(27)nes and remved them.Instead，she has learned t(28)a pencil between her arms t draw and write.Tw years ag，she made(29)acrss the wrld when she was named a winner in the cntest's print categry.Fr 2018，she(30)again fr her cursive writing.
Tracy Cx，Anaya's teacher，said Anaya is a rle(31)t ther students."Anaya des nt let anything stand in her (32)f reaching her gals，"said Cx."She is determined and independent.She has the best(33)in her class.Her classmates see her ding the(34)tasks and they are f teen(35)that she can d just as well，smetimes even better."Anaya's dad Gary Ellick said Anaya had always bee(36). "It was always like 'I can d it.'I'm prud t see that hard wrk des(37)，"he said.
Anaya was(38)at schl n Wednesday，and the schl shared phts f her with her new award and examples f her writing.But anther(39)desn't mean she's slwing dwn.When asked what's(40)n her plate，she said，"Sprts."
21.A. prgressB. determinatinC. achievementD. knwledge
22.A. exceptB. despiteC. beyndD. withut
23.A. winnerB. applicantC. cmpetitrD. agent
24.A. representsB. remindsC. recgnizesD. recmmends
25.A. cnsequenceB. depressinC. strengthD. disability
26.A. ThughB. SinceC. UnlessD. Befre
27.A. flexibleB. nrmalC. basicD. natural
28.A. sharpenB. decrateC. hldD. design
29.A. cmmentsB. headlinesC. decisinsD. cntributins
30.A. wnB. settledC. struggledD. vlunteered
31.A. mnitrB. sldierC. mdelD. actress
32.A. directinB. wayC. pathD. rute
33.A. paintingB. leadershipC. temperD. handwriting
34.A. sameB. strangeC. urgentD. bring
35.A. satisfiedB. disappintedC. amazedD. upset
36.A. peacefulB. cnfidentC. intelligentD. cnsiderate
37.A. wrk utB. get alngC. take verD. pay ff
38.A. hnredB. trappedC. value d.D. rescued
39.A. challengeB. cntest.C. pprtunityD. victry.
40.A. bestB. nextC. lastD. first
四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。
41.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Perhaps n ther scientist has had a greater impact n China's aerspace science than Qian Xuesen.Brn in Hangzhu in 1911，Qian went t the United States fr（1） ______ （ far） studies in 1935.Sn as a pineer in American jet and rcket technlgy，he and his clleagues（2） ______ （ fund） the Jet Prpulsin Labratry in the 1940s，nw ne f NASA's leading space-explratin centres.
（ 3） ______ （ vercme） many difficulties in the US，Qian eventually returned t China in 1955.He received a her's welcme frm his hmeland.At that time，in pr China，its rcket science was undevelped — N majrs in rcket science；N talents；N experts.Nevertheless，the "N" s didn't discurage him frm（4） ______ （ take） n the challenge.His reply t "Can we Chinese pssibly make missiles？" was a determined "Why nt？We Chinese are able t make the same things（5） ______ ther peple make."
Under Qian's leadership，China develped the Dngfeng missiles and launched its first man-made satellite.Even much f（6） ______ technlgy behind the Shenzhu rckets can als be traced back t Qian's research，s he earned the name f "the father f China's aerspace".
Qian was extremely（7） ______ （ knwledge），especially in the area f frntier science research.Hwever，（8） ______ might have made him such an utstanding and creative scientist was prbably his strng interest in ther things，such as music and drawing.His deep appreciatin fr art ften gave him（9） ______ （ inspire） in his scientific research.
（10） ______ Octber 31，2009，the whle cuntry was saddened by Qian's death，and peple hnured and remembered him in different ways.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、短文改错：本大题共1小题，共10分。
42.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换并修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
（1）每处错误及其修改均限一词。
（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11 处起）不计分。
"Early t bed and early t rise makes a man healthy，wealthy，and wisely." Almst everyne have heard this classical saying，but have yu ever wndered why it's true？When it cmes t health，why shuld ne wake up early and participate physical activities in the mrning？
Firstly，yur bdy's energy levels were high in the mrning.Secndly，the mrning hur are the least plluted and have the highest xygen levels.When yu breathe mre xygen in the pen air，and yur bdy cells are better able t perfrm their functins.As the result，yu aren't likely t becming ill.
Mrning is a great time t walk.That is beneficial fr yu t take sme regular mrning walks，which can ensure ur physical and mental health.
六、书面表达：本大题共1小题，共25分。
43.假如你是李华，在校园里看到外教Mrs Smith的一则消息，请你根据提供内容回复这则消息。
内容包括：
（1）写信目的；
（2）个人优势；
（3）希望获准。
注意：
（1）词数100左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mrs Smith，
————————
Yurs，
Li Hua
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】A、C、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据Vennesla Library and Culture Huse，Nrway介绍部分Opened in 2011，this library is an imprtant site fr cncerts，theatrical perfrmances and film screenings.（该图书馆于2011年开放，是举办音乐会、戏剧表演和电影放映的重要场所。）可知，Vennesla Library and Culture Huse是举办音乐会、戏剧表演和电影放映的重要场所，所以会吸引舞台爱好者。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据Stacja Kultura，Pland介绍内容The library might seem unremarkable frm the utside，but the innvative prject and its divisin int a train statin，public library and cultural center have certainly made this building wrth a visit.（从外面看，这座图书馆可能并不起眼，但这个创新项目及其作为火车站、公共图书馆和文化中心的划分无疑使这座建筑值得一游。）可知，Stacja Kultura位于至今仍在运营的火车站内，位置比较独特。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据Bibliteca Nazinale Marciana，Italy介绍部分It preserves ne f the mst imprtant cllectins f Greek，Latin and Asian manuscripts（手稿） in the entire wrld. （它保存了全世界最重要的希腊、拉丁和亚洲手稿收藏之一。）和Beinecke Rare Bk and Manuscript Library，United States介绍内容The library is the main surce f literary archives（档案），ancient manuscripts and rare bks at Yale University，and it's visited by students and researchers frm arund the wrld.（该图书馆是耶鲁大学文学档案、古代手稿和珍本书籍的主要来源，世界各地的学生和研究人员都来这里参观。）可知，第二个图书馆和第四个图书馆的共同点是这两个图书馆拥有一些有价值的藏品——手稿。故选C。
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四座图书馆。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析。
4~7.【答案】C、C、A、B
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段When hurricanes left a path f destructin in Puert Ric，Pennsylvania Cllege f Technlgy student Natascha G.Santaella felt a variety f painful emtins.（当飓风在波多黎各造成破坏时，宾夕法尼亚理工学院的学生娜塔莎•G•桑塔拉感受到了各种痛苦的情绪。）和第二段中的Santaella said that her hmetwn is withut pwer and water，and peple there are scared f what is t cme. （Santatella说，她的家乡没有电和水，那里的人们害怕即将发生的事情。）可知，Santaella得知飓风袭击自己的家乡，家人们损失惨重，不能像自己一样在大学里衣食无忧，因此她的内心非常着急。故选C。
（2）词句猜测题。根据第三段中的It started ut as just baking bread and shipping it t the island t then be dispersed t the peple，but I fund that was very expensive fr me t d alne（一开始只是烤面包，然后运到岛上，然后 dispersed给人们，但我发现这对我来说非常昂贵）可知，Santaella最初认为，只要把面包烘焙好，运送到岛屿上，然后分发给灾民就可以了，dispersed意为"分发（Distributed）"。A．Expsed暴露；B．Cnnected联系；C．Distributed分发；D．Cntributed贡献。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的During the six-hur sale，Santaella and her friends raised mre than ﹩1，000 fr United fr Puert Ric，an initiative designed t prvide aid and supprt t thse affected in Puert Ric by the passage f Hurricane Irma and Hurricane Maria. （在六个小时的销售中，Santaella和她的朋友们为United fr Puert Ric筹集了1000多美元，这是一项旨在为波多黎各受飓风Irma和飓风Maria影响的人提供援助和支持的举措。）可知，波多黎各人们已经受飓风Irma和飓风Maria的影响，可得出波多黎各可能经常遭受飓风袭击。故选A。
（4）标题归纳题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击，人们生活无着落时，正在大学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长，来帮助被飓风袭击的家乡的故事，因此B项Student Puts Skills t Use t Help Her Hmetwn（学生运用技能帮助家乡）概括文意，可以作为本文标题。故选B。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了得知自己的家乡遭受飓风袭击，人们生活无着落时，正在大学校园里学习的Santaella决定利用自己学到的一技之长，来帮助家乡。
考查记叙文。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
8~11.【答案】A、C、B、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Nw，dictinaries are gd resurces，but they are changeable.If yu ask dictinary editrs，what they'll tell yu is that they're just trying t keep up with peple as peple change the language. （现在，词典是很好的资源，但它们是可变的。如果你问词典编辑，他们会告诉你，当人们改变语言时，他们只是想跟上人们的步伐。）可知，人们语言一直在发生变化，字典的变化为了跟上人们改变语言的步伐。故选A。
（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Every January，dictinary editrs g t the American Dialect Sciety Meeting every year，where amng ther things，they decide n the wrd f the year. （每年一月，词典编辑们都会参加美国方言协会年会，在那里他们会决定年度词汇。）可知，每年的一月，字典编纂者会去美国方言协会参加年度会议，他们会决定年度词汇。故选C。
（3）观点态度题。根据最后一段中I hpe that what yu can d is t find language change nt annying but fun and interesting，just the way dictinary editrs d.I hpe yu can enjy being part f the creativity that is cntinually remaking ur language and keeping it alive.（我希望你能做的是发现语言的变化不是烦人的，而是有趣的，就像字典编辑一样。我希望你能享受成为创造力的一部分，不断地重塑我们的语言，让它保持活力。）可知作者对于语言变化的态度是积极的。故选B。
（4）文章出处题。通读全文，尤其是根据最后一段S hw des a wrd get int a dictinary？It gets in because peple use it and peple keep using it，and dictinary editrs are paying attentin t peple.If a cmmunity f speakers is using a wrd and knws what it means，it's real.That wrd might be infrmal and that wrd might be a wrd that yu think is illgical r unnecessary，but as lng as peple are using the wrd，it is real. （那么一个单词是如何进入字典的呢？它之所以被收录，是因为人们在使用它，而且一直在使用它，词典编辑们也在关注人们。如果一群人在使用一个词，并且知道它的意思，那么这个词就是真实的。那个词可能是非正式的，那个词可能是一个你认为不合逻辑或不必要的词，但只要人们在使用这个词，它就是真实的。）可知，本文主要阐述了语言会随着人们的使用而变化，进而字典也会发生变化，并介绍了新词是如何进入字典的；由此可知，本文最有可能来自面向大众的通俗杂志，向人们介绍有关词典的知识。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了语言会随着人们的使用而变化，进而字典也会发生变化，并介绍了新词是如何进入字典的。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
12~15.【答案】B、C、D、C
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段的Researchers at the University f Massachusetts Amherst （UMass Amherst） recently annunced that they have figured ut hw t engineer a bifilm that harvests the energy in evapratin （蒸发） and changes it t electricity（马萨诸塞大学阿姆赫斯特分校的研究人员最近宣布，他们已经发现了如何设计一种生物膜，这种生物膜可以在蒸发中收集能量并将其转化为电能），可知这种生物膜的预期功能是从蒸发过程中获取能量。故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中的But such batteries require that G.sulfurreducens be prperly cared fr and fed a cnstant diet.By cntrast，this new bifilm，which can supply as much energy as a cmparably sized battery，wrks cntinuusly，because it is dead.And because it's dead，it desn't need t be fed（但是这样的电池需要硫还原地杆菌得到适当的照顾和持续的饮食。相比之下，这种新的生物膜可以提供与同等大小的电池一样多的能量，并且可以连续工作，因为它是死的。因为它已经死了，所以不需要喂食），可知生物膜降低了使用过程中的花费，因为它不需要喂食，故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Since the surface f ur skin is cnstantly mist with sweat，the bifilm can "plug int" it and change the energy lcked in evapratin int enugh energy t pwer small equipment（由于我们的皮肤表面经常被汗水湿润，生物膜可以"插入"它，并将蒸发锁定的能量转化为足够的能量，为小型设备提供动力），可知生物膜通过从汗液中产生持续的电力为小型设备供电。故选D。
（4）推理判断题。根据第一段的This bifilm，which was annunced in Nature Cmmunicatins，has the ptential t revlutinize the wrld f wearable electrnics，pwering everything frm persnal medical sensrs t persnal electrnics（这种生物膜在《自然通讯》杂志上发表，它有可能彻底改变可穿戴电子产品的世界，为从个人医疗传感器到个人电子产品的一切提供动力），可知这种生物膜有非常广阔的应用前景。故选C。
这是一篇说明文。作者介绍了马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校的研究人员设计制造出一种能收集蒸发过程中的能量，并将其转化为电能的生物膜。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
16~20.【答案】B、D、F、E、G
【解析】（1）联系下文题。根据后文At the same time，music can als help us feel like part f a grup r a culture，especially ne that shares an interest in a certain kind f music.（与此同时，音乐也可以帮助我们感觉自己是一个团体或文化的一部分，尤其是对某种音乐有共同兴趣的人。）可知，后文提到了音乐对自身其他方面的影响，故本句是在说明音乐可以成为身体的一部分，故B．Music can be a part f ur identity.（音乐可以成为我们身份的一部分。）符合语境，故选B。
（2）联系上文题。根据上文Musicians leave behind a ftprint with their music.（音乐家在音乐中留下了足迹。）可知，上文提到了音乐家，D选项They指代上文Musicians。故D．They leave a permanent mark in peple's lives.（他们在人们的生活中留下了永久的印记。）符合语境，故选D。
（3）联系上文题。根据上文We may als find that the music we like is strngly tied t ur memry.Maybe there was a sng that smene sang t us when we were little that brings up gd memries.（我们可能还会发现，我们喜欢的音乐与我们的记忆密切相关。也许在我们小的时候，有人给我们唱过一首歌，勾起了我们美好的回忆。）可知，上文提到音乐可以勾起美好回忆，同样也能唤起悲伤的回忆。故F．Other times，we might find music can bring up sad memries.（其他时候，我们可能会发现音乐能唤起悲伤的回忆。）符合语境，故选F。
（4）联系上文题。根据上文When we listen t music that we like，a chemical called dpamine is smetimes released in the brain，which can make us feel gd.（当我们听自己喜欢的音乐时，大脑中有时会释放一种叫做多巴胺的化学物质，它能让我们感觉良好。）可知，本句与上文构成因果关系，指出喜欢的音乐让我们感觉良好，所以喜欢重复听。故E．Therefre，we might want t listen t a sng n repeat.（因此，我们可能想要重复听一首歌。）符合语境，故选E。
（5）联系上文题。根据上文But the truth is，we dn't knw all the exact answers t why peple like different kinds f music — r sprts，r fd，r clrs.（但事实是，我们并不知道人们为什么喜欢不同种类的音乐、运动、食物或颜色的确切答案。）可知，本句承接上文说明影响偏好的因素很多，无法确定。故G．There are lts f different factrs that can influence ur preferences.（有很多不同的因素可以影响我们的偏好。）符合语境，故选G。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了音乐对人们的影响。
关于选句填空的做题步骤：
步骤一：快速浏览一遍备选答案，先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置：标题，句首，句中，句尾。不同位置的句子有不同的特征。
步骤二：快速浏览文章，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。
步骤三：分析篇章结构，找出各段的主题句或主旨大意。
步骤四：注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段，寻找句中衔接标志词。
步骤五：区分相似项。
21~40.【答案】C、B、A、C、D、A、D、C、B、A、C、B、D、A、C、B、D、A、D、B
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.prgress进步；B.determinatin决心；C.achievement成就；D.knwledge知识。根据上文的"A Virginia third-grader has wn tw natinal awards fr her exceptinal skill in handwriting.That's pretty remarkable n its wn."可知，9岁小女孩Anaya Ellick通过自己的努力，手写两次获得全国水平的奖项，这成就本身就很了不起。故选C项。
（2）考查介词及语境理解。A.except（用于所言不包括的人或事物前）除……之外；B.despite尽管；C.beynd超过；D.withut没有。根据下文having n hand可知，让步关系，用介词despite，表AnayaEllick尽管自幼失去双手，但依旧取得如此成就。故选B项。
（3）考查名词及语境理解。A.winner冠军；B.applicant申请人；C.cmpetitr参赛者；D.agent代理人。由上文的"A Virginia third-grader has wn tw natinal awards fr her exceptinal skill in handwriting."可知，Anaya Ellick是这个手写大赛的冠军。故选A项。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.represents代表；B.reminds提醒；C.recgnizes承认，认可；D.recmmends推荐。根据上文she accmplished it（2）having n hands可知，自幼失去双手的Anaya Ellick获得这次全国书写大赛桂冠，这是一种对有特殊需要的学生的认可。故选C项。
（5）考查名词及语境理解。A.cnsequence结果；B.depressin沮丧；C.strength力量；D.disability残疾。根据上文的"special needs"和自幼失去双手的Anaya Ellick可知，参赛的孩子都是有智力或身体上的残疾。故选D项。
（6）考查连词及语境理解。A.Thugh尽管；B.Since自从；C.Unles除非；D.Befre在……之前。根据下文的"she was fitted with prsthetics（假肢）fr a time，she decided she was better ff with her（7）nes and remved them"可知，让步关系，用thugh引导让步状语从句。故选A项。
（7）考查形容词及语境理解。A.flexible灵活的；B.nrmal正常的；C.basic基本的；D.natural天生的。根据下文的"remved them"可知，Anaya Ellick将假肢移除，说明她要用天生的肢体，这里的natural nes指的是Anaya Ellick生来就有的残肢。故选D项。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.sharpen锐化；B.decrate装饰；C.hld抓住；D.design设计。根据上文 remved them"她将假肢移除，用天生的残肢"和"a pencil between her arms t draw and write"可知，她学会了用胳膊夹着铅笔画画和写字。故选C项。
（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.cmments评论；B.headlines（报纸的）大字标题、头条；C.decisins决定；D.cntributins贡献。根据上文she accmplished it（2）having n hands.可知，自幼失去双手的Anaya Ellick获得全国书写大赛桂冠，这足以成为新闻头条，make headlines意思是"成为重要新闻"。故选B项。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.wn赢得；B.settled解决；C.struggled净扎；D.vlunteered自愿去做。根据上文的"A Virginia third-grader has wn tw natinal awards fr her exceptinal skill in handwriting.（弗吉尼亚州一名三年级学生因其出色的手写技能两次获得全国性奖项"可知，2018年，小姑娘再次赢得手写比赛。故选A项。
（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.mnitr班长；B.sldier士兵；C.mdel榜样；D.actress女演员。根据上文Anaya is a rle可知，Anaya的老师夸奖小姑娘，称她是其他同学的榜样。故选C项。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.dircctin方向；B.way方法；C.path小路；D.rute路线。此处承接上文讲老师夸奖Anaya，可得出Anaya不让任何事情阻碍她实现目标，in the/ne's way是习惯搭配，意思是"挡道、阻挡"。故选B项。
（13）考查名词及语境理解。A.painting绘画；B.leadership领导；C.temper脾气，秉性；D.handwring书写。根据上文she accmplished it（2）having n hands.可知，自幼失去双手的Anaya Ellick能两次获得全国书写大赛桂冠，可得出小姑娘的手写是班上最好的。故选D项。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.same同样的；B.strange奇怪的；C.urgent紧急的；D.bring无聊的。同学肯定是用同样的事情和Anaya比较，即做同样的事情，她可以做得一样好，有时甚至更好，侧面说明她的优秀。故选A项。
（15）考查形容词及语境理解。A.satisfied满意的；B.disappinted失望的；C.amazed惊讶的；D.upset不安的。根据下文的"she can d just as well，smetimes even better"可知，作同样的事情，Anaya可以做得一样好，有时甚至更好，这让她的同学经常感到惊讶。故选C项。
（16）考查形容词及语境理解。A.peaceful平静的；B.cnfident自信的；C.intelligent聪明的；D.cnsiderate考虑周到的。根据下文的"It was always like'I can d it.（我总是觉得'我能做到'）"可知，小姑娘很自信。故选B项。
（17）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.wrk ut锻炼；B.get alng（与……）和睦相处；C.take ver接管；D.pay ff获得回报。根据上文she accmplished it（2）having n hands.可知，自幼失去双手的Anaya，她的付出获得了回报（手写比赛拿奖）。故选D项。
（18）考查动词及语境理解。A.hnred给与的光荣；B.trapped困住；C.valued重视；D.rescued拯救。根据下文的"tthe schl shared phts f her with her new award and examples f her writing（学校分享了她与新奖项的合影，以及她手写的例子）"可得出，Anaya在学校受到了表彰。故选A 项。
（19）考查名词及语境理解。A.challenge挑战；B.cntest比赛；C.pprtunity机会；D.victry胜利。根据下文desn't mean she's slwing dwn可知，这里的anther victry指的是第二次获得全国手写大赛大奖。故选D项。
（20）考查形容词及语境理解。A.best最好的；B.next接下来的；C.last最后的；D.first第一的。根据上文的"desn't mean she's slwing dwn"可知，Anaya不会放慢脚步，而她接下来的目标是想在运动上有所建树。故选B项。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是在这个数码时代，手写书法能获得全国水平的奖项，本身就是一种成就。自幼失去双臂的9岁小女孩Anaya Ellick通过自己的努力，两次获得了这样的奖项，是不是更值得赞扬呢？
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应和语境。
41.【答案】【小题1】further
【小题2】funded
【小题3】Having vercme
【小题4】taking
【小题5】as/that
【小题6】the
【小题7】knwledgeable
【小题8】what
【小题9】inspiratin
【小题10】On
【解析】（1）考查形容词比较级。句意：钱学森1911年生于杭州，1935年赴美深造。分析句子可知，表示"深造"短语为further study。故填further。
（2）考查动词的时态。句意：作为美国喷气和火箭技术的先驱，他和他的同事在20世纪40年代建立了喷气推进实验室，现在是美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。分析句子可知，此处应用动词作谓语，根据时间状语1940s可知，此处应用一般过去时，故空处应用动词一般过去时态。故填funded。
（3）考查现在分词的完成时。句意：在美国克服了许多困难后，钱最终于1955年回到中国。分析句子可知，此处应用动词作非谓语，与逻辑主语Qian之间是主动关系，结合语意可知，空处动作发生在主句动作之前，故此处应用现在分词的完成时，即having dne结构。故填Having vercme。
（4）考查动名词。句意：然而，"不"并没有阻止他接受挑战。分析句子可知，作介词frm的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填taking。
（5）考查连词。句意：我们中国人能制造和别人一样的东西。分析句子可知，短语the same…as/that表示"和……一样"。故填as/that。
（6）考查定冠词。句意：甚至神舟火箭背后的许多技术也可以追溯到钱的研究，所以他赢得了"中国航天之父"的称号。分析句子可知，此处technlgy特指神舟火箭背后的许多技术，应用定冠词。故填the。
（7）考查形容词。句意：钱学识渊博，尤其是在前沿科学研究方面。分析句子可知，此处应用形容词作表语，意为"学识渊博的"，应填形容词knwledgeable。故填knwledgeable。
（8）考查主语从句。句意：然而，使他成为如此杰出和有创造力的科学家的可能是他对其他事物的强烈兴趣，如音乐和绘画。引导主语从句，从句缺主语，意为"什么"，应用连接代词what来引导主语从句。故填what。
（9）考查不可数名词。句意：他对艺术的高度欣赏经常给他的科学研究带来灵感。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语，结合语意可知，此处意为"灵感"，故应用名词inspiratin，抽象名词不可数。故填inspiratin。
（10）考查介词。句意：2009年10月31日，全国人民为钱先生的逝世感到悲痛，人们以不同的方式缅怀他。根据后文Octber 31，2009表示在具体某一天应用介词n，首字母大写。故填On。
本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了钱学森对中国航天科学的影响以及突出贡献。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词汇和语法等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境填写正确答案。
42.【答案】 "Early t bed and early t rise makes a man healthy，wealthy，and wisely." Almst everyne have heard this classical saying，but have yu ever wndered why it's true？When it cmes t health，why shuld ne wake up early and participate ∧ physical activities in the mrning？
Firstly，yur bdy's energy levels were high in the mrning.Secndly，the mrning hur are the least plluted and have the highest xygen levels.When yu breathe mre xygen in the pen air，and yur bdy cells are better able t perfrm their functins.As the result，yu aren't likely t becming ill.
Mrning is a great time t walk. That is beneficial fr yu t take sme regular mrning walks，which can ensure ur physical and mental health.
（1）考查形容词。句意：早睡早起使人健康、富有、聪明。由and前"healthy，wealthy"可知，and后也应用形容词作宾补。故wisely改为wise。
（2）考查主谓一致。句意：几乎每个人都听过这句经典的话，但你有没有想过为什么这句话是真的？分析句子可知，本句主语为复合不定代词everyne，所以一般现在时谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故have改为has。
（3）考查介词。句意：说到健康，为什么一个人要早起并在早上参加体育活动？分析可知，此处表示"参加"，应用动词短语participate in，应加上介词in。故physical前加in。
（4）考查时态。句意：首先，早上你身体的能量水平很高。根据本段后文和句意可知，这里时态应与后文保持一致，用一般现在时。故were改为are。
（5）考查可数名词复数。句意：其次，早晨是污染最少、含氧量最高的时间。分析句子并结合常识可知，早晨的时间多于1小时，应用the mrning hurs表示。故hur改为hurs。
（6）考查连词。句意：当你在户外呼吸更多的氧气时，你的身体细胞就能更好地发挥其功能。分析句子可知，本句是包含when引导的时间状语从句的复合句，不是并列句，应删去并列连词and。故删去and。
（7）考查冠词。句意：因此，你不太可能生病。分析可知，固定短语as a result，意为"因此"。故the改为a。
（8）考查不定式。句意：因此，你不太可能生病。分析可知，be likely t d为固定搭配，意为 "可能做……"。故becming改为becme。
（9）考查代词。句意：每天早上有规律地散步对你有益，这可以确保你的身心健康。分析可知，此处应用代词it作形式主语，固定句型It is adj t d sth表示"做某事怎么样"。故That改为It。
（10）考查形容词性物主代词。句意：每天早上有规律地散步对你有益，这可以确保你的身心健康。分析句子并结合句意可知，此处表示确保"你的"身心健康，应用形容词性物主代词yur。故ur改为yur。
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述早上早起做运动的好处。
短文改错时要注意以下几点：1.快速阅读，整体把握短文大意；2.重视语境以及上下文的关系；3.充分运用基础语言知识找出错误所在。
43.【答案】Dear Mrs Smith，
I'm Li Hua，a senir student in yur class.Seeing yur news n ur campus，I feel verjyed，eager t accmpany yur 8-year-ld kid n weekends t shw him sme Chinese traditinal culture.【高分句型一】（写信目的）
I have always been passinate abut traditinal Chinese culture and have gd interpersnal qualities，especially rich experience in taking care f children.Under my guidance，children will have a gd understanding f Chinese flk crafts such as Paper Cuttings and clay sculpture.Perhaps he can play chess，draw Chinese paintings，and write sme beautiful Chinese characters.（个人优势）
I hpe that I can get the chance t imprve myself.【高分句型二】（希望获准）
Yurs， Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Seeing yur news n ur campus，I feel verjyed，eager t accmpany yur 8-year-ld kid n weekends t shw him sme Chinese traditinal culture.
翻译：看到你在我们学校的新闻，我感到非常高兴，渴望在周末陪你8岁的孩子，给他展示一些中国的传统文化。
分析：本句运用了现在分词短语Seeing yur news n ur campus作状语。
高分句型二：I hpe that I can get the chance t imprve myself.
翻译：我希望我能有机会提高自己。
分析：本句运用了that引导的宾语从句。
写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步：拟定提纲；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。
第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇。A Little Teacher Wanted
A lvely by frm England，aged 8，living n the campus nly fr tw weeks，wants t learn abut Chinese traditinal culture.If yu are kind and helpful，please accmpany him n weekends.Yu'll have lts f fun then.
Please send an email t Mrs Smith at Smith@sina.cn