模拟卷05-【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）

这是一份模拟卷05-【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用），文件包含黄金卷05-赢在高考·黄金8卷备战2024年高考英语模拟卷北京专用解析版docx、黄金卷05-赢在高考·黄金8卷备战2024年高考英语模拟卷北京专用参考答案docx、黄金卷05-赢在高考·黄金8卷备战2024年高考英语模拟卷北京专用考试版docx等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共46页， 欢迎下载使用。
2、锻炼同学的考试心理，训练学生快速进入考试状态。高考的最佳心理状态是紧张中有乐观，压力下有自信，平静中有兴奋。
3、训练同学掌握一定的应试技巧，积累考试经验。模拟考试可以训练答题时间和速度。高考不仅是知识和水平的竞争，也是时间和速度的竞争，可以说每分每秒都是成绩。
4、帮助同学正确评估自己。高考是一种选拨性考试，目的是排序和择优，起决定作用的是自己在整体中的相对位置。因此，模拟考试以后，同学们要想法了解自己的成绩在整体中的位置。
【赢在高考·黄金8卷】备战2024年高考英语模拟卷（北京专用）
黄金卷05
（考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：150分）
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山区校考期中）I used t hate being called upn in class mainly because I didn’t like attentin drawn t myself. And unless therwise assigned a seat by the teacher, I always chse t sit at the back f the classrm.
All this 1 after I jined a sprts team. It began when a teacher suggested I try ut fr the basketball team. At first I thught it was a crazy 2 because I didn’t have a gd sense f balance, nr did I have the ability t keep pace with the thers n the team and they wuld tease me. But fr the teacher wh kept insisting n my “ 3 fr it”, I wuldn’t have decided t give a try.
Getting up the curage t g t the tryuts was nly the half f it! When I first started 4 the practice sessins, I didn’t even knw the rules f the game, much wrse what I was ding. Smetimes I’d get 5 and take a sht at the wrng directin, which made me feel really stupid. 6 I wasn’t the nly ne “new” at the game, s I decided t fcus n learning the game, d my best at each practice sessin, and nt be t hard n myself fr the things I didn’t 7 “just yet”.
I practiced and practiced. Sn I knew the rules and the “mves”. Being part f a team was fun and mtivating. Very sn the cmpetitive 8 in me was winning ver my lack f cnfidence. With time, I learned hw t play and made friends in the prcess-friends wh respected my effrts t wrk hard and be a team player. I never had s much fun!
With my imprved self-cnfidence cmes mre praise frm teachers and classmates. I have gne frm “ 9 ” in the back f the classrm and nt wanting t call attentin t myself, t raising my hand——even when I smetimes wasn’t and nt 100 percent 10 I had the right answer. Nw I have mre self-cnfidence in myself.
1．A．cntinuedB．changedC．settledD．started
2．A．ideaB．planC．beliefD．saying
3．A．gingB．lkingC．cheeringD．applying
4．A．enjyingB．preparingC．attendingD．watching
5．A．cmmittedB．mtivatedC．embarrassedD．cnfused
6．A．InterestinglyB．FrtunatelyC．ObviuslyD．Hpefully
7．A．wantB．dC．supprtD．knw
8．A．rlesB．partC．mindD．value
9．A．dreamingB．playingC．relaxingD．hiding
10．A．luckyB．happyC．sureD．satisfied
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．D 8．B 9．D 10．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，短文叙述了以前作者是一个在课堂上不喜欢被点名回答问题，喜欢坐在班级后排的学生。但是在老师的鼓励下，作者勇敢地参加了运动队，这彻底地改变了作者，使作者成为了一个敢于积极回答问题的学生，作者比以前更自信了。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一切都在我加入运动队后改变了。A. cntinued继续；B. changed改变；C. settled和解；D. started开始。根据下文“I have gne frm “____9____” in the back f the classrm and nt wanting t call attentin t myself, t raising my hand—even when I smetimes wasn’t 100 percent ____10____ I had the right answer. Nw I have mre self-cnfidence.”（我从坐在教室后面，不想引起别人的注意，到举手——即使有时我不是百分之百地知道正确答案。现在我对自己更有自信了。）可知，作者之前不愿意举手回答问题，也不愿意引起别人的注意，但这一切都在作者加入运动队后改变了。故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初我认为这是一个疯狂的想法，因为我没有很好的平衡感，也没有能力跟上团队中的其他人，他们会取笑我。A. idea想法；B. plan计划；C. belief信仰；D. saying说法。前文提到“It began when a teacher suggested I try ut fr the basketball team. ”（事情开始于一位老师建议我参加篮球队的选拔。）作者运动能力不佳，但是老师仍然想要作者参加篮球队，因此对于作者来讲是一个非常疯狂的“想法”。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：要不是老师一直坚持让我“去做吧”，我是不会决定去尝试的。A. ging走；B. lking看；C. cheering欢呼；D. applying申请。根据下文“I wuldn’t have decided t give it a try.”（我不会决定试一试。）可知，如果不是老师让作者去做吧，作者是不会想着动起来的。g fr it的意为“加油，努力争取，放手向前”。故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我刚开始参加训练时，我甚至不知道比赛规则，更不用说我做什么了。A. enjying享受；B. preparing准备；C. attending参加；D. watching观看。根据“the practice sessins”（练习环节）可知，指作者刚开始参加训练时。故选C。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时我会感到困惑，总是搞错方向——这让我觉得自己真的很愚蠢。A. cmmitted尽心尽力的；B. mtivated积极的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. cnfused困惑的。根据下文“take a sht at a wrng directin”（投篮的方向都会搞错）可知，作者开始训练的时候方向感不好，总是投错方向，因此感到十分困惑。故选D。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我并不是唯一一个“新手”，所以我决定专注于学习比赛，在每个练习阶段都做到最好，不对自己还不知道的东西太苛刻。A. Interestingly有趣地；B. Frtunately幸运地；C. Obviusly显然地；D. Hpefully有希望地。根据下文“I wasn’t the nly ne “new” at the game,”（我不是场上唯一一个“新手”）可知，作者很幸运并不是唯一一个新人”。故选B。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我并没有对自己现在不知道的东西，要求过分苛刻。A. want想要；B. d做；C. supprt支持；D. knw知道。根据上文“I didn’t even knw the rules f the game”（我甚至不知道比赛的规则）可知，这里指作者不知道的东西。故选D。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很快，我内心充满竞争的一面就战胜了我缺乏自信的一面。A. rles角色；B. part部分；C. mind思维；D. value价值。根据下文“my lack f cnfidence”（缺乏自信的一面）于“the cmpetitive”（有竞争力的一面）是作者身上完全相反地两部分。故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我已经从躲在教室后面，不想引起别人对我自己的注意，变成了举手，即使有时我不能百分之百确定我有正确的答案。A. dreaming梦想；B. playing玩；C. relaxing放松；D. hiding隐藏。根据下文“nt wanting t call attentin t myself”（不想引起别人的注意）可知坐在后排可以不引起别人注意，“藏”在人群后面。故选D。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经从躲在教室后面，不想引起别人对我自己的注意，变成了举手，即使有时我不能百分之百确定我有正确的答案。A. lucky幸运的；B. happy幸福的；C. sure确定的；D. satisfied满意的。根据下文“Nw I have mre self-cnfidence in myself.”（我现在更加自信了。）可知，即使不能确定是正确的答案，作者也会自信地举起手。故选C。
第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分）
A
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）In my early years at schl, I had truble with sme subjects. Smetimes I wuld get an “F” and that wuld make me 11 (real) scared. What I used t d was turn the “F” int a “B” 12 (please) my parents. Hwever, it didn’t wrk ut and finally I was caught ding that. Then I knew I had t accept that failure and learn frm it, s I 13 (take) a psitive apprach. Naturally that “F” turned int a “B” and that “B” turned int an “A”.
【答案】11．really 12．t please 13．tk
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者刚开始上学的时候，学习成绩不佳，为了取悦父母，经常偷偷把“F”改为“B”，被抓住后作者吸取教训，积极地学习，成绩慢慢变好了。
11．考查副词。句意：有时候我会得个“F”，这让我很害怕。分析句子可知，空处修饰形容词scared，因此应用real的副词形式really，意为“很，十分”。故填really。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：我过去常常把“F”变成“B”来取悦我的父母。分析句子可知，空处作目的状语，表示“为了”，因此应用please的不定式形式。故填t please。
13．考查时态。句意：然后我知道我必须接受失败并从中吸取教训，所以我采取了积极的态度。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，文章在叙述过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，因此应用take的过去式。故填tk。
B
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
（2023上·北京·高三北京八中校考期中）Nearly tw decades 14 (pass) since China sent the first Beidu satellite int space in 2000. During that time, mre Beidu satellites were sent int rbit (轨道), 15 (frm) the Beidu Navigatin Satellite System (BDS). In late 2012, it began prviding psitining, navigatin, timing and messaging 16 (service) t peple in China and ther parts f the Asia-Pacific regin. At the end f 2018, BDS started t serve users wrldwide. Nw with tw mre Beidu satellites 17 (launch) n Dec 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in rbit.
【答案】14．have passed 15．frming 16．services 17．launched
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成了北斗导航卫星系统(BDS)。
14．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合该句since可知，应为现在完成时，主语tw decades为复数名词，所以为动词复数形式。故填have passed。
15．考查非谓语动词。句意：在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成了北斗导航卫星系统(BDS)。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，frm和逻辑主语Beidu satellites为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填frming。
16．考查名词复数形式。句意：2012年底，该公司开始向中国和亚太地区其他地区的用户提供定位、导航、授时和信息服务。根据句意以及上文“psitining, navigatin, timing and messaging”可知，此处服务不止一种，故应用名词复数形式。故填services。
17．考查with复合结构。句意：随着2019年12月16日又发射两颗北斗卫星，北斗系统在轨卫星总数达到53颗。分析句子可知，此处为with的复合结构，所以其动词应为非谓语形式，launch和Beidu satellites为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填launched。
B
阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
（2023上·北京海淀·高三统考期中）In Ming Dynasty, a clever craftsman named Zhang Sijia revlutinized scissrs. He 18 (cmbine) the strength f irn fr the handles with a unique swrd-making technique. 19 heating and hammering the edges with steel, he created blades that were exceptinally strng and sharp, 20 (make) daily tasks easier. These scissrs became a kitchen essential, especially fr cutting thrugh tugh items like chicken r fish. In 1628, his sn, Zhang Xiaquan, established his namesake cmpany.
【答案】18．cmbined 19．By/Thrugh 20．making
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了明朝时期张思佳改良了剪刀。
18．考查动词的时态。句意：他将铁制剑柄的优点与独特的制剑技术结合在一起。根据前句中的“In Ming Dynasty”和上下文时态可知，这里讲述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填cmbined。
19．考查介词。句意：通过加热和用钢锤击边缘，他创造出了非常坚固和锋利的刀片，这使日常任务变得更容易。根据空后的“heating and hammering the edges with steel”可知，这里表示方式，应用介词by或者thrugh。置于句首，首字母大写。故填By/Thrugh。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词。根据句意，他创造出了非常坚固和锋利的刀片，这让人们更容易作日程工作，这里表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。故填making。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分）
第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）A hearing aid is a small electrnic device yu wear in r behind yur ear t make sunds luder. A hearing aid has three basic parts: a micrphne, an amplifier and a speaker. The hearing aid receives sund thrugh a micrphne, which changes the sund waves t electrical signals and sends them t an amplifier. The amplifier increases the pwer f the signals and sends them t the ear thrugh a speaker. There are three styles f hearing aids.
·Behind-the-ear (BTE) aids are used by peple f all ages. “Mini” BTE is a new kind. These small and pen-fit aids fit behind the ear cmpletely, with a narrw tube int the ear canal, enabling the canal t remain pen. Thus, sme peple prefer it because their wn vice des nt sund “plugged up”.
·In-the-ear (ITE) aids fit cmpletely inside the uter ear. Sme ITE aids may have added features, such as a telecil that allws users t receive sund thrugh the circuitry f the hearing aid, rather than thrugh its micrphne.
•Canal aids fit int the ear canal and are available in tw styles. In-the-canal (ITC) aids are made t fit the size and shape f the ear canal. Cmpletely-in-canal ( CIC) aids are hidden in the ear canal.
The hearing aid that will wrk best fr yu depends n yur hearing needs and lifestyle. Price is als a key cnsideratin. Hwever, just because ne hearing aid is mre expensive than anther des nt necessarily mean that it will better suit yur needs. Other features t cnsider include parts r services cvered by the guarantee, estimated csts fr repair, and the hearing aid cmpany’s reputatin fr quality and service.
Fr mre infrmatin, cntact: nidcdinf@ .
21．What helps strengthen the pwer f electrical signals in a hearing aid?
A．The micrphne.B．The amplifier.
C．The speaker.D．The telecil.
22．If preferring a hearing aid that keeps the ear canal pen, yu can chse______ .
A．“Mini” BTEB．In-the-ear aids
C．In-the-canal aidsD．Cmpletely-in-canal aids
23．T buy a suitable hearing aid, yu shuld______ .
A．increase yur estimated cstsB．find the ne with mre features
C．give in t the after-sale servicesD．cnsider yur needs and lifestyle
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了助听器的基本构成和三种基本类型（BTE、ITE、Canal aids）以及适用人群、使用场景和价格等方面的信息。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“The hearing aid receives sund thrugh a micrphne, which changes the sund waves t electrical signals and sends them t an amplifier. The amplifier increases the pwer f the signals and sends them t the ear thrugh a speaker.(助听器通过麦克风接收声音，麦克风将声波转换为电信号并将其发送到放大器。放大器增加信号的功率，并通过扬声器将它们送到耳朵)”可知，放大器有助于增强助听器内电信号的强度。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段““Mini” BTE is a new kind. These small and pen-fit aids fit behind the ear cmpletely, with a narrw tube int the ear canal, enabling the canal t remain pen. Thus, sme peple prefer it because their wn vice des nt sund “plugged up”.(“迷你”BTE是一种新型BTE。这些小而开放的辅助设备完全适合耳后，有一个狭窄的管进入耳道，使耳道保持开放。因此，有些人喜欢它，因为他们自己的声音听起来不“堵塞”)”可知，如果更喜欢保持耳道开放的助听器，你可以选择“Mini” BTE。故选A项。
23．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The hearing aid that will wrk best fr yu depends n yur hearing needs and lifestyle.(最适合你的助听器取决于你的听力需求和生活方式)”可知，要购买合适的助听器，你应该考虑你的需求和生活方式。故选D项。
B
（2023上·北京海淀·高三统考期中）I was brn missing my left arm. In 1986, at 18 mnths, I was fitted with a prsthetic (义肢) device, a decisin made by my parents and dctrs s that I wuld develp “nrmally”.
I spent my entire childhd and adlescence trying t fit in. I did just abut anything t ease the pains f the stares and pinting fingers frm my classmates. By the time I was 8, I had n self-cnfidence, and the hand I was wearing was making it harder fr me t fit in. S I decided I was better ff withut ne. I didn’t need anyne t fix me.
T prve that I wasn’t limited by my disability, I develped a lve fr all sprts, in particular swimming. I was selected t my first Australian wmen’s swimming team at age 13 and successfully represented my cuntry fr eight years. I realized I’d made a name fr myself because f my disability.
I taught myself hw t be cmfrtable in a sciety filled with insecurities. S when I was first cntacted in 2021 by Cvvi, a cmpany trying t create the wrld’s mst advanced binic (仿生的) hand, I was a bit surprised. They asked me t trial the hand and, if pssible, t becme a patient advcate. Initially, I said n. Then, curisity gt the better f me.
While I was busy advcating fr disability rights, a new generatin f leaders, like Amy Purdy and Nick Vujicic, used the pwer f technlgy and scial media t display wheelchairs r artificial limbs withut explanatin. Peple feared disability less. Sciety was beginning t see a persn first, and their disability secnd.
Viewing disability thrugh a scial lens als meant acknwledging that a persn is mre disabled by their envirnment and the discriminatin f thers than by their actual disability. As thse cnversatins shifted, I realized that there was an pprtunity t use technlgy t steer the narrative fr future generatins. In July 2022, I decided t trial the hand.
The rle f patient advcate is an enrmus privilege. Thrugh sharing my jurney, I’m able t reach thusands f ther peple wh wuld benefit frm its extrardinary capabilities. That’s why I wear a binic hand—nt because I’m brken, but because I have an pprtunity t enhance the human capabilities that already exist.
24．The authr develped a lve fr all sprts because ________.
A．she was lnging fr fameB．sprts gave her self-cnfidence
C．she wanted t defeat her disabilityD．her prsthetic device empwered her
25．Frm Purdy and Vujicic, the authr learned ________.
A．mre peple acknwledged their limits
B．the disabled needed a friendlier envirnment
C．scial media allwed the disabled pprtunities
D．technlgy shifted peple’s attitudes t disability
26．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe the authr?
A．Intelligent and brave.
B．Warm-hearted and patient.
C．Respnsible and strng-willed.
D．Independent and innvative.
27．Frm the passage, we learn that ne shuld ________.
A．maximize ne’s abilities by embracing reality
B．build ne’s scial circle with ptimism
C．stick t ne’s gal t achieve success
D．take it easy in difficult situatins
【答案】24．C 25．D 26．C 27．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者从小身患残疾，失去左臂，但是并不气馁，参加运动证明自己并不受到残疾的限制并帮助他人的故事。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“T prve that I wasn’t limited by my disability, I develped a lve fr all sprts, in particular swimming. (为了证明我没有受到残疾的限制，我开始热爱所有的运动，尤其是游泳。)”可知，作者爱上了所有的运动，因为她想战胜自己的残疾。故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“like Amy Purdy and Nick Vujicic, used the pwer f technlgy and scial media t display wheelchairs r artificial limbs withut explanatin. Peple feared disability less. Sciety was beginning t see a persn first, and their disability secnd.(比如艾米·珀迪（Amy Purdy）和尼克·胡哲（Nick Vujicic），他们利用科技和社交媒体的力量，不加解释地展示了轮椅或假肢。人们不再那么害怕残疾。社会开始把一个人放在第一位，把他的残疾放在第二位。)”可知，人们不再那么害怕残疾。社会开始把一个人放在第一位，把他的残疾放在第二位，即科技改变了人们对残疾的态度。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“T prve that I wasn’t limited by my disability, I develped a lve fr all sprts, in particular swimming. (为了证明我没有受到残疾的限制，我开始热爱所有的运动，尤其是游泳。)”可知，作者意志坚定，想通过运动战胜自己的残疾；根据文章最后一段“Thrugh sharing my jurney, I’m able t reach thusands f ther peple wh wuld benefit frm its extrardinary capabilities. That’s why I wear a binic hand—nt because I’m brken, but because I have an pprtunity t enhance the human capabilities that already exist.(通过分享我的历程，我能够接触到成千上万的其他人，他们将从它的非凡能力中受益)”可知，作者分享自己的历程是想帮助他人，让他人从中受益，作者是一名有责任心的人。故选C。
27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Thrugh sharing my jurney, I’m able t reach thusands f ther peple wh wuld benefit frm its extrardinary capabilities. That’s why I wear a binic hand—nt because I’m brken, but because I have an pprtunity t enhance the human capabilities that already exist.(通过分享我的历程，我能够接触到成千上万的其他人，他们将从它的非凡能力中受益。这就是我戴仿生手的原因不是因为我坏了，而是因为我有机会增强人类已有的能力。)”可知，作者戴仿生手的原因是为了增强人类已有的能力，即我们应该拥抱现实，最大限度地发挥自己的能力。故选A。
C
（2023上·北京丰台·高三统考期中）“Flying insects dn’t fly directly t lights frm far away because they’re attracted t them, but appear t change curse tward a light if they happen t be passing by due t a strange inbrn bilgical respnse,” writes Samuel Fabian, a biengineer, in a research paper.
Until nw, the leading scientific hypthesis has been that insects use the mn’s light t direct the way at night and mistake artificial lights fr the mn. But this idea desn’t explain why insects that nly fly during the day als gather arund lights.
T find ut what really happens, Samuel’s team track the precise mvements f insects in the wild arund lights using a high-speed camera. This revealed tw ntable behaviurs. First, when insects fly abve lights, they ften invert (转向) themselves and try t fly upside dwn, causing them t fall very fast. Just after insects pass under a light, they start ding a ring rad. As their climb angle becmes t steep, they suddenly stp and start t fall. Secnd, when insects apprach a light frm the side, they may circle r “rbit” the light.
The vides shw that the inversins smetimes result in insects falling n lights. It can appear t the naked eye as thugh they are flying at the lights. “Instead, insects turn their drsum tward the light, generating flight perpendicular(垂直) t the surce,” the team write. It is cmmn t the tw behaviurs that the insects are keeping their backs t the light, knwn as the drsal light respnse (DLR). This DLR is a shrtcut fr insects t wrk ut which way is up and keep their bdies upright, as the mn r sun is usually mre r less directly abve them, and this directin allws them t maintain prper flight attitude and cntrl. They als find that the insects fly at right angles t a light surce, leading t rbiting and unstable flights as the light’s lcatin relative t them changes as they mve.
Samuel’s team suggest that a pssible utcme f the research culd help the cnstructin industry t avid the types f light that mst attract insects.
28．What des the research fcus n?
A．Why insects gather arund lights.
B．Where artificial lights lead insects t.
C．What bilgical respnse insects are brn with.
D．Hw t design envirnment friendly artificial lights.
29．What can we learn abut insects frm the vides f their mvements?
A．They fly directly t lights.B．They circle clse t lights.
C．Their flying speed is steady.D．Their inversins can be cntrlled.
30．DLR makes insects ____________.
A．balance their flyingB．keep their rute straight
C．decide their bdy psitnD．shrten their flight distance
【答案】28．A 29．B 30．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍一项对昆虫趋光的研究，旨在帮助建筑行业避免那些最容易吸引昆虫的光线。
28．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Flying insects dn’t fly directly t lights frm far away because they’re attracted t them, but appear t change curse tward a light if they happen t be passing by due t a strange inbrn bilgical respnse (飞行的昆虫不会因为被灯光吸引而直接飞向远处的灯光，但如果它们碰巧经过，由于一种奇怪的先天生物反应，它们似乎会朝着灯光改变方向)”以及第二段“But this idea desn’t explain why insects that nly fly during the day als gather arund lights. (但这个想法并不能解释为什么只在白天飞行的昆虫也会聚集在灯光周围)”可推知，研究的重点是为什么昆虫聚集在灯光周围。故选A项。
29．推理判断题。根据第三段中“ Just after insects pass under a light, they start ding a ring rad.(昆虫刚从灯光下经过，它们就开始走环形路)”以及“when insects apprach a light frm the side, they may circle r “rbit” the light (当昆虫从侧面接近光线时，它们可能会绕着光线转或“绕”)”可推知，昆虫经常在灯光附近盘旋。故选B项。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“This DLR is a shrtcut fr insects t wrk ut which way is up and keep their bdies upright, as the mn r sun is usually mre r less directly abve them, and this directin allws them t maintain prper flight attitude and cntrl. (这种DLR是昆虫找出向上方向并保持身体直立的捷径，因为月亮或太阳通常或多或少在它们的正上方，这个方向使它们能够保持适当的飞行姿态和控制。)”可知，DLR使昆虫决定它们的身体姿势。故选C项。
D
（2023上·北京朝阳·高三统考期中）In the 1770s, an English dctr called Edward Jenner gave his gardener’s sn cwpx (牛痘) and then deliberately infected him with smallpx (天花) t test his assumptin that peple wh were frequently expsed t cwpx, a similar but less severe virus, wuld avid catching smallpx. It wrked and cwpx as the vaccine (疫苗) was highly effective. “Vaccinatin”, frm the Latin wrd fr cw, sn became cmmnplace.
Challenge trials are frms f research where, rather than relying n data frm natural infectins, we intentinally expse smene t a disease in rder t test the effectiveness f a vaccine r treatment. Things have changed a lt since Jenner’s time, f curse, when it was nt uncmmn fr dctrs t cnduct this kind f research. Even s, there’s the cntinuus sense that there’s smething immral abut making smene ill n purpse.
But this shuldn’t blind us t the extrardinary pwer f challenge trials. They culd becme increasingly imprtant weapns in the medical research, in a situatin where vaccine technlgy is advancing and the threat f diseases jumping frm animals int human beings is increasing.
Much has been dne t reduce the risks f challenge trials. Like respiratry syncytial virus (RSV), researchers have invlved adults wh are at a lw risk f severe illness. These acts have already cut dwn a massive range f vaccine candidates. With their help, the wrld will sn have the first vaccines against RSV, which kills tens f thusands f newbrn babies each year. But nt all diseases are like these nes. We dn’t always knw the dangers vlunteers might face; we dn’t always have treatments ready. What then?
We culd, f curse, just avid these questins entirely, and rely n ther types f research.But that desn’t always wrk: smetimes, animal testing is tricky and uninfrmative, because the disease desn‘t develp in the same way as it wuld in humans. In cntrast, challenge trials can be deeply infrmative within weeks, with far fewer vlunteers. And the benefits can be surprisingly high. Take the latest pandemic. At the end f last year, as the number f deaths is estimated t have reached abut 17.8 millin, it’s als estimated that 20 millin had been saved by vaccines.In the years t cme, they will hpefully save millins mre.
In rder t make sure we are as prtected as pssible frm current and future threats, we shuld try t get rid f the misbelief in challenge trials, making them a mre familiar part f ur tl kits. Perhaps the greatest reward f all wuld be t make sure participants’ effrts are wrthwhile: by designing trials t be fair and effective and applying them when and where they might make a real difference. In shrt, by helping them t save thusands, if nt millins f lives.
31．The authr tells the stry f Edward Jenner mainly t______.
A．give a definitin f challenge trials
B．intrduce the tpic f challenge trials
C．highlight the effectiveness f his vaccine
D．explain the rigin f the wrd “vaccinatin”
32．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．The issues behind challenge trials can be slved.
B．The dangers f challenge trials utweigh the benefits they bring.
C．Challenge trials can benefit numerus lives in spite f their risks.
D．Challenge trials can set back the develpment f vaccine technlgies.
33．What des the authr intend t tell us?
A．Peple shuld still be careful abut challenge trials.
B．A mre pen attitude shuld be taken twards challenge trials.
C．Challenge trials guarantee participants prtectin against threats.
D．Mre vlunteers invlved can imprve the accuracy f challenge trials.
34．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Shuld we use challenge trials t find cures?
B．Can challenge trials be a blck t medical prgress?
C．Can challenge trials be the end f infectius diseases?
D．Shuld we replace animal testing with challenge trials?
【答案】31．B 32．C 33．B 34．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。它提供了关于医学研究中挑战试验的信息，并阐述了挑战试验的优势和重要性。通过简明扼要地介绍，以及使用有据可查的数据和案例，解释挑战试验在医学研究中的用途和潜在效益。
31．推理判断题。根据第一段“In the 1770s, an English dctr called Edward Jenner gave his gardener’s sn cwpx (牛痘) and then deliberately infected him with smallpx (天花) t test his assumptin that peple wh were frequently expsed t cwpx, a similar but less severe virus, wuld avid catching smallpx.(18世纪70年代，一位名叫爱德华·詹纳(Edward Jenner)的英国医生让他的园丁的儿子染上牛痘，然后故意让他感染天花，以检验他的假设，即经常接触牛痘(一种类似但不那么严重的病毒)的人会避免感染天花)”以及第二段“Challenge trials are frms f research where, rather than relying n data frm natural infectins, we intentinally expse smene t a disease in rder t test the effectiveness f a vaccine r treatment.(挑战试验是一种研究形式，我们不是依靠自然感染的数据，而是故意让某人接触某种疾病，以测试疫苗或治疗的有效性)”可知，作者讲述爱德华·詹纳的故事是为了介绍挑战试验的话题。故选B项。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段“Even s, there’s the cntinuus sense that there’s smething immral abut making smene ill n purpse.(即便如此，人们仍然认为故意让别人生病是不道德的)”以及第三段“But this shuldn’t blind us t the extrardinary pwer f challenge trials. They culd becme increasingly imprtant weapns in the medical research, in a situatin where vaccine technlgy is advancing and the threat f diseases jumping frm animals int human beings is increasing.(但这不应该让我们忽视挑战试验的非凡力量。在疫苗技术不断进步、疾病从动物传染给人类的威胁日益增加的情况下，它们可能成为医学研究中越来越重要的武器)”可知，尽管有风险，但挑战试验可以使许多生命受益。故选C项。
33．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In rder t make sure we are as prtected as pssible frm current and future threats, we shuld try t get rid f the misbelief in challenge trials, making them a mre familiar part f ur tl kits. Perhaps the greatest reward f all wuld be t make sure participants’ effrts are wrthwhile: by designing trials t be fair and effective and applying them when and where they might make a real difference. In shrt, by helping them t save thusands, if nt millins f lives.(为了确保我们尽可能免受当前和未来的威胁，我们应该努力消除对挑战试验的误解，使其成为我们工具箱中更为常见的一部分。也许最大的回报将是确保参与者的努力是值得的：通过设计公平、有效的试验，并在可能产生真正差异的时间和地点应用这些试验。简而言之，通过帮助他们拯救成千上万，甚至数百万人的生命)”可知，本文作者想告诉我们对挑战试验应采取更开放的态度。故选B项。
34．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Challenge trials are frms f research where, rather than relying n data frm natural infectins, we intentinally expse smene t a disease in rder t test the effectiveness f a vaccine r treatment. Things have changed a lt since Jenner’s time, f curse, when it was nt uncmmn fr dctrs t cnduct this kind f research. Even s, there’s the cntinuus sense that there’s smething immral abut making smene ill n purpse.(挑战试验是一种研究形式，我们不是依靠自然感染的数据，而是故意让某人接触某种疾病，以测试疫苗或治疗的有效性。当然，与詹纳的时代相比，情况发生了很大变化，当时医生进行这类研究并不罕见。即便如此，人们仍然认为故意让别人生病是不道德的)”以及纵观全文可知，本文讲述了尽管有风险，但挑战试验可以使许多生命受益，并且目前已采取很多方法来降低这种风险，呼吁人们对挑战试验应采取更开放的态度。所以A项“Shuld we use challenge trials t find cures?”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cral reefs are the rainfrests f the cean. They exist n vast scales and are equally imprtant havens f bidiversity. Reefs ccupy 0.1% f the ceans. 35
Crals are useful t peple. Withut the prtectin which reefs affrd frm crashing waves, lw-lying islands such as the Maldives wuld have flded lng ag, and a billin peple wuld lse fd r incme. Hwever, reefs are under threat frm rising sea temperatures. Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which crals are living tgether t generate txins (毒素) that frce thse cral t leave. 36
Research grups arund the wrld are cming up with plans f actin t see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant crals and crss-breeding such crals t create a new type. 37 Withut carbn reductin and decline in lcal, cral-killing pllutin, even resistant crals will nt survive the century.
Dubters dubt humanity will get its act tgether in time t make much difference.
38 Carbn targets are being set and cean pllutin is being dealt with. Cuntries that share respnsibilities fr reefs are starting t act tgether. Scientific wrkarunds can als be fund. Natural currents can be applied t facilitate mass breeding. Sites f the greatest eclgical and ecnmical imprtance can be identified t maximize bang fr buck.
39 It culd serve as a blueprint fr ther ecsystems. Hard-cre greens — thse wh think that all habitats shuld be kept unspiled — may nt apprve. But when entire ecsystems are facing destructin, the cst f ding nthing is t great t bear.
A．This can cause a cral’s death.
B．But there are grunds fr ptimism.
C．And they hst a quarter f marine species.
D．Cral’s glbal ecsystem services are wrth up t $10trn a year.
E．This mix f natural activity and human interventin is imprtant.
F．This research can als be brught t bear n trying t save entire ecsystems.
G．Hwever, the assisted evlutin f crals des nt meet with universal enthusiasm.
【答案】35．C 36．A 37．G 38．B 39．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。珊瑚礁对海洋生态系统和人类至关重要，但是珊瑚礁正受到海水温度上升的威胁，研究人员正在采用自然活动和人为干预相结合的措施进行保护。
35．根据前文“Cral reefs are the rainfrests f the cean. They exist n vast scales and are equally imprtant havens f bidiversity.(珊瑚礁是海洋中的热带雨林。它们规模庞大，同样是生物多样性的重要避风港。)”可知，此处是讲珊瑚礁是海洋生物多样性的重要避风港，所以选项C“它们是四分之一海洋物种的家园。”切合文意。故选C。
36．根据前文“Heat causes the algae (海藻) with which crals are living tgether t generate txins (毒素) that frce thse cral t leave.(高温会导致与珊瑚共生的藻类产生毒素，迫使珊瑚离开。)”可知，此处是指这种情况会导致珊瑚死亡。所以选项A“这会导致珊瑚死亡。”切合文意。故选A。
37．根据前文“Research grups arund the wrld are cming up with plans f actin t see if that will help, such as identifying naturally heat-resistant crals and crss-breeding such crals t create a new type. (世界各地的研究小组正在制定行动计划，看看这是否会有所帮助，比如识别天然耐热珊瑚，并对这种珊瑚进行杂交，以创造一种新的珊瑚。)”和后文“Withut carbn reductin and decline in lcal, cral-killing pllutin, even resistant crals will nt survive the century.(如果不减少碳排放，不减少对当地珊瑚造成伤害的污染，即使是有抵抗力的珊瑚也无法在本世纪存活。)”可知，此处是指珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持，所以选项G“然而，珊瑚的辅助进化并没有受到普遍的支持。”切合文意。故选G。
38．根据后文“Carbn targets are being set and cean pllutin is being dealt with. Cuntries that share respnsibilities fr reefs are starting t act tgether.(碳排放目标正在制定，海洋污染正在处理。对珊瑚礁负有共同责任的国家开始共同行动。)”可知，此处是指情况也有好的趋势，所以选项B“但我们有理由感到乐观。”切合文意。故选B。
39．根据前文“Carbn targets are being set and cean pllutin is being dealt with. Cuntries that share respnsibilities fr reefs are starting t act tgether. Scientific wrkarunds can als be fund. Natural currents can be applied t facilitate mass breeding. Sites f the greatest eclgical and ecnmical imprtance can be identified t maximize bang fr buck.(碳排放目标正在制定，海洋污染正在处理。对珊瑚礁负有共同责任的国家开始共同行动。科学的变通方法也可以找到。自然水流可用于促进大规模繁殖。可以确定最具生态和经济重要性的地点，以最大限度地降低成本。)”和后文“It culd serve as a blueprint fr ther ecsystems.(它可以作为其他生态系统的蓝图。)”可知，此处是指这种自然活动和人为干预的结合很有好处，所以选项E“这种自然活动和人为干预的结合很重要。”切合文意。故选E。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Yu are watching yur favrite TV shw when a cmmercial break starts. First yu see an ad fr candy. Then there is ne fr fast fd. Yur stmach grwls. Suddenly, all yu can think abut is hw much yu need a snack.
If that sunds familiar, yu are nt alne. Researchers frm McMaster University in Canada studied the effects f junk fd ad. The researchers examined the effects f advertising junk fd n mre than 6000kids thrugh TV cmmercials and ther types f media. They fund that kids made unhealthy fd and drink chicesas quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the ads.
“There is t much unhealthy fd advertising ut there,” Says Behnam Sadeghirad. He’s ne f the researchers wh led the study. “This is dangerus fr yunger children.”
Fd and drink ads are everywhere frm TV t the Internet. Cmpanies want t make sure yu knw abut their prducts. They spend nearly 1.8 billin a year n fd ads aimed at kids accrding t a reprt.
The Nielsen Cmpany tracked the number f fd ads that kids saw in 2015. It fund that kids watched nearly 12 fd ads n TV each day. Mst f these ads weren’t fr health y fds. In fact, n average. kids saw nly ne ad per week fr fruits and vegetables. Instead, mst f the ads were fr fast fd, candy and sugary drinks.
Jennifer Harris, a prfessr at the University f Cnnecticut, says this is a big part f the prblem. “Unhealthy fds are nt things we shuld be encuraging kids t eat mre ften”. Harris says. “But unfrtunately thse are the prducts being advertised t them the mst”.
Health experts say it’s OK t treat yurself t a ckie nce in a while. But what can yu d t keep frm having an unhealthy snack every time yu see an ad fr junk fd? Harris says it’s imprtant t learn t spt the techniques cmpanies use in their ads, tell their kids what is ging n and help kids think abut whether these prducts are gd fr them.
40．What did researchers frm MaMaster University find?

41．What d the findings f the Nielsen Cmpany suggest?

42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
T avid negative impacts f advertisements fr unhealthy fd, parents shuld keep their kids frm watching these kinds f advertisements.

43．Please briefly describe what yu can d t reduce the negative impact f advertising n yur life.

【答案】40．They fund that kids made unhealthy fd and drink chices as quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the advertisements.
41．It’s hard t avid seeing junk fd ads n TV.
42．T avid negative impacts f advertisements fr unhealthy fd, parents shuld keep their kids frm watching this kinds f advertisements.Because accrding t the passage, t avid negative impacts fr unhealthy fd, parents shuld learn t spt the techniques cmpanies use their ads, tell their kids what is ging n and help kids think abut whether these prducts are gd fr them.
43．Thinking twice with a critical mind allw me t be less affected by the advertisements. When seeing an advertisement, I always think abut whether I really need this prduct. Befre purchasing smething, I will gt t knw a prduct well rather than blindly buy it. Als I will ask my parents fr sme practical advice.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章讨论了儿童接触垃圾食品广告带来的影响。研究发现，儿童在观看广告后30分钟内会快速做出不健康的食品和饮料选择。专家建议，人们要学会识别广告中的技巧，并教育儿童思考这些产品是否对他们有益。
40．考查细节理解题。根据第二段中“They fund that kids made unhealthy fd and drink chicesas quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the ads.(他们发现，孩子们在看到广告后30分钟内就做出了不健康的食品和饮料选择。)”可知，研究发现，儿童在观看广告后30分钟内会快速做出不健康的食品和饮料选择。故答案为They fund that kids made unhealthy fd and drink chices as quickly as 30 minutes after seeing the advertisements。
41．考查细节理解。根据第五段中“The Nielsen Cmpany tracked the number f fd ads that kids saw in 2015. It fund that kids watched nearly 12 fd ads n TV each day. Mst f these ads weren’t fr health y fds. (尼尔森公司追踪了2015年孩子们看到的食品广告数量。研究发现，孩子们每天在电视上看近12个食品广告。这些广告中的大多数都不是健康食品。)”可知，通过尼尔森公司的调查发现孩子们每天在电视上看近12个食品广告。这些广告中的大多数都不是健康食品，由此推断，很难避免在电视上看到垃圾食品广告。故答案为The finding suggests it’s hard t avid seeing junk fd ads n TV.
42．考查细节理解。题干中“T avid negative impacts f advertisements fr unhealthy fd, parents shuld keep their kids frm watching these kinds f advertisements.(为了避免不健康食品广告的负面影响，父母应该阻止他们的孩子看这类广告。)”可知，本句表述的是为了避免不健康食物广告带来的影响，父母应该阻止孩子们看这类广告。根据最后一段中“Harris says it’s imprtant t learn t spt the techniques cmpanies use in their ads, tell their kids what is ging n and help kids think abut whether these prducts are gd fr them.( 哈里斯说，重要的是要学会发现公司在广告中使用的技术，告诉他们的孩子正在发生什么，并帮助孩子思考这些产品是否对他们有益。)”可知，题干中的“Keep their kids frm watching this kinds f advertisements.(不要让他们的孩子看这种广告。)”与原文信息不符，文章表述的是为了避免不健康食物广告带来负面影响，家长们要学会发现公司在广告中使用的技术，告诉他们的孩子正在发生什么，并帮助孩子思考这些产品是否对他们有益。故答案为：T avid negative impacts f advertisements fr unhealthy fd, parents shuld keep their kids frm watching these kinds f advertisements. Because accrding t the passage, t avid negative impacts fr unhealthy fd, parents shuld learn t spt the techniques cmpanies use their ads, tell their kids what is ging n and help kids think abut whether these prducts are gd fr them.
43．考查开放性试题。根据题干“Please briefly describe what yu can d t reduce the negative impact f advertising n yur life. (请简要描述你能做些什么来减少广告对你生活的负面影响)”可知，这是一道开放性试题，结合个人实际以及生活实际，言之有理即可。对待问题这样的问题要三思而后行，形成批判性思维而少受广告的影响。首先，当看到一个广告时，要考虑自己是否真的需要该产品；其次，在购买之前应该先了解一件产品，而不是盲目购买；最后，也可以询问父母一些实用的建议。故答案为：Thinking twice with a critical mind allw me t be less affected by the advertisements. When seeing an advertisement, I always think abut whether I really need this prduct. Befre purchasing smething, I will gt t knw a prduct well rather than blindly buy it. Als I will ask my parents fr sme practical advice.
第二节(20分)
假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。你班即将在12月3日国际残疾人日(Internatinal Day f Persns with Disabilities)开展关爱残疾人活动。请你给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他参加，内容包括：
1. 活动目的及安排；
2. 邀请参加。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I am Li Hua, the mnitr f Class 1, Senir 3 f Hngxing High Schl. I am writing t invite yu t participate in ur upcming event n Internatinal Day f Persns with Disabilities.
Our class is rganizing this event t raise awareness abut the challenges faced by persns with disabilities and t shw ur supprt and care fr them. The event will take place n December 3, 2023, starting at 9:00 a.m. and lasting until 5:00 p.m. We will begin with a shrt intrductin t the histry and purpse f the Internatinal Day f Persns with Disabilities.
We believe that yur participatin wuld be beneficial t ur event.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假设你是红星中学高三(1)班班长李华。你班即将在12月3日国际残疾人日(Internatinal Day f Persns with Disabilities)开展关爱残疾人活动。请你给交换生Jim写一封电子邮件邀请他参加。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：participate in→take part in
活动：event→activity
提高：raise→prmte
目的：purpse→aim
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The event will take place n December 3, 2023, starting at 9:00 a.m. and lasting until 5:00 p.m.
拓展句：The event will take place n December 3, 2023, which starts at 9:00 a.m. and lasts until 5:00 p.m.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Our class is rganizing this event t raise awareness abut the challenges faced by persns with disabilities and t shw ur supprt and care fr them. (运用了不定式t raise作目的状语以及过去分词faced作后置定语)
[高分句型2] We believe that yur participatin wuld be beneficial t ur event. (运用了链接代词that引导的宾语从句)