北京市西城区2024年高三二模测试英语试卷+答案（西城区二模）

这是一份北京市西城区2024年高三二模测试英语试卷+答案（西城区二模），共9页。试卷主要包含了5 分，共 15 分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本试卷共14 页，共100 分。考试时长90 分钟。
考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30 分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Yu may have heard f the famus wrkplace cmmunicatin sftware, Slack. Many cmpanies use Slack t virtually cmmunicate acrss teams. What mst peple dn’t knw is that Slack, despite its 1 , was never meant t exist. In fact, the cmpany wh develped Slack actually had been hping t create the next ppular vide game. But after raising millins f dllars t fund the game develpment, the cmpany ultimately 2 the prject because the game failed t attract enugh users.
The 3 gal f the cmpany wasn’t achieved. Hwever, during the prcess f creating their game, smething else happened. The team realized that the 4 system they created t accmpany the game was wrth investing mre time in. And they 5 t invent the cmmunicatin system idea fr ne f the fastest-grwing startups (初创公司) in histry, and Slack was brn.
An utcme-fcused cmpany might have just mved n frm the failed vide game r, wrse, cntinued investing resurces, risking further negative utcmes. But 6 , this cmpany didn’t d that. 7 , they had been paying attentin t the prcess. Fcusing n the prcess allwed this cmpany t 8 and redefine their desired utcme.
Yu’ve prbably heard a qute r tw in yur life abut the 9 f “the jurney”—hw ften the jurney is mre significant and impactful than the 10 . The cmpany that develped Slack understd this principle, and by fcusing n the prcess rather than the utcme, they were able t achieve greater success than they first had hped fr.
10. A. distanceB. destinatin C. determinatinD. directin
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
1. A. prblem
B. histry
C. success
D. limitatin
2. A. tk dwn
B. shut dwn
C. cut dwn
D. passed dwn
3. A. immediate
B. general
C. real
D. initial
4. A. chat
B. sign
C. cntrl
D. pwer
5. A. intended
B. managed
C. pretended
D. prmised
6. A. luckily
B. naturally
C. likely
D. hpefully
7. A. Therefre
B. Still
C. Thus
D. Instead
8. A. predict
B. achieve
C. adapt
D. watch
9. A. rigin
B. challenge
C. imprtance
D. purpse
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
In 2022, t preserve China’s wetlands, a law 11 (intrduce) t restrict cnstructin and prhibit harmful 12 (activity) such as vergrazing, verharvesting, and wastewater discharge in imprtant natinal wetlands. Since the implementatin (实施) f these measures, there 13 (be) an increase in the number f birds bserved wintering in the natin’s wetlands. In February, the frestry bureau in Hunan prvince reprted 72 species f waterbirds that spent the previus winter at Dngting Lake. Black-faced spnbills, 14 rare and endangered species, were sighted at Dngting after a five-year absence.
B
A persn’s memry is like a hall with many rms, sme visited frequently, thers untuched 15 years. With age, smetimes, drs t certain memries becme lcked, requiring a special key 16 (access) them. These keys ften cme in the frm f specific sensry inputs—smething yu see, smell, tuch, taste, r hear. When a sensry input stimulates receptrs, signals are sent alng nerve cells t the brain, 17 they are prcessed and interpreted. The way ur senses cnnect with ur memries shws hw cmplex ur minds are. Knwing this helps us understand hw ur past affects hw we see and act in the present.
C
Bking a flight-free hliday is effrtless with Byway Travel. 18 (fund) in 2020 by Cat Jnes, a nn-car wner whse family vacatins annually by train and bike, Byway is the wrld’s first travel agent that ffers 100% flight- free trips. The cmpany excels in integrating the jurney int the adventure itself, 19 (ensure) travelers discver the interesting places they wuld therwise miss by flying ver them. Presently, Byway specializes in flight-free excursins frm the UK t Eurpe, with plans t expand its flight-free travel fferings 20 (glbal) in the future.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Museum Turs
There are many ways t visit SAAM and the Renwick Gallery and they’re all free!
Gallery Turs fr All Ages
Grup Turs
Grup turs are available by request fr adult grups f eight r mre. Chse frm a variety f themes, including current special exhibitins. Request 3 t 4 weeks in advance.
Walk-in Turs
Walk-in turs are smetimes available. Check with the Infrmatin Desk when yu arrive. If a walk-in tur is scheduled fr that day:
SAAM walk-in turs start at 12:30 t 1:30 p.m. and 2:00 t 3:00 p.m. every day f the week and 4:00 t 5:00 p.m. Thursday thrugh Sunday.
Renwick walk-in turs start at 12:00 t 1:00 p.m. every day except Sunday. There are n turs n Sundays.
Self-guided Turs
Self-guided turs using yur smartphne are available thrughut SAAM. Scan the QR cdes t bring lts f infrmatin t yur fingertips!
Access Prgrams
Free turs are available nline and in ur galleries at SAAM r the Renwick Gallery:
–in American Sign Language (ASL);
–fr peple with lw visin;
–fr peple with mental disrders and their care partners. There is n minimum grup size fr Access turs.
Schl Turs
We welcme learners f all abilities and frm all settings. Schl turs at SAAM and the Renwick Gallery are:
–fr kindergarten thrugh cllege;
–in line with natinal curriculum standards;
–interactive and interdisciplinary.
Schl turs last 60 minutes. Want mre time in the galleries? Ask abut additinal activities. Request 4 t 6 weeks in advance.
Virtual Prgrams
Online Schl Turs:
–fr 3rd grade thrugh 12th grade;
–in line with natinal curriculum standards;
–40 t 60 minutes lng.
Request 4 t 6 weeks in advance.
Online Adult Turs:
–available by request;
–45 t 60 minutes lng;
–fcus n a variety f themes, including highlights and special exhibitins;
–interactive and cnversatinal. Request 4 t 6 weeks in advance.
If yu want t take a walk-in tur, yu can visit the SAAM Gallery at .
12:00 pm n MndayB. 4:30 pm n Wednesday
C. 1:00 pm n SundayD. 3:30 pm n Tuesday
What d we knw abut the Access Prgrams?
Turs are available in English nly.
There is a minimum grup size f 8 fr Access turs.
Peple with mental illness can visit the galleries with their care partners.
Peple with pr sight cannt have access t the free turs in the galleries.
Frm the passage, we can knw .
SAAM and the Renwick Gallery ffer paid turs fr adult grups
schl turs are cnsistent with educatinal curriculum standards
requests fr nline turs shuld be made at least 3 weeks in advance
visitrs can use smartphnes t enjy self-guided turs in Renwick Gallery
B
In the state f Gergia, ne farmer has made it his missin nt nly t feed the hungry but t help them grw their wn fd in their wn backyard.
“My main gal is t make sure that underserved cmmunities that have been excluded r verlked have access t lcally grwn fd,” said Bbby Wilsn, wh perates the nnprfit Metr Atlanta Urban Farm. Since 2009, Wilsn has taught thusands f peple hw t plant and grw their wn vegetables and prepare meals with them, including nins, garlic, cucumbers, tmates, cllard greens, squash, and eggplant.
“Nt nly can yu learn frm my 35 years f ding this type f wrk,” Wilsn said, “but yu can learn frm ur cmmunity gardeners wh are grwing fd in a natural way.”
Wilsn, the first cllege graduate in his family, wrked with the University f Gergia fr mre than 20 years, bringing gardening educatin and prgrams t public husing cmplexes, schls and churches thrughut Metr Atlanta. Thrugh his wrk, he saw a great need fr fresh, healthy fd in lw-incme urban cmmunities.
When he retired in 2009, he used a prtin f his retirement savings t purchase the farm and help fill the gap. “I saw the need,” Wilsn said. “Plus, when yu retire, yu shuld d smething yu really enjy.”
He estimates with the rising price f fd, peple culd save thusands yearly by grwing their wn fruits and vegetables. He als pints ut the health benefits that fresh prduce brings.
Millins f husehlds in the US are struggling t feed their families. And this is what mtivates Wilsn’s effrts. “When small and disadvantaged farmers didn’t have the avenue t get rid f that prduce because peple were
nt cming ut t buy, we had an pprtunity t help keep them alive,” Wilsn said. “We were buying fd frm African American farmers wh did nt have utlets and giving it away.”
Wilsn cntinues t ffer free fd t thse in need at a drive-thrugh giveaway every week, where families can secure healthy prduce.
Over the years, Wilsn says he has hsted a lt f students in grades K-12 fr farm turs and agricultural field trips. He wrks with farmers and gardeners f all ages and skill levels, frm preschlers t senirs, t prvide educatin and access t affrdable prduce.
“We’re mre than just a farm,” he said. “We’re abut justice, equity, diversity, and inclusin, because at the end f the day, I want my grandchildren t have it better than what I have it tday.”
Wilsn started the Metr Atlanta Urban Farm mainly t .
A. make a livingB. pursue his career
C. prmte health awarenessD. help the cmmunities
We can learn frm the passage that .
Wilsn’s farm has been arund fr ver 30 years
Wilsn undertakes sme educatinal initiatives at the farm
sme small and disadvantaged farmers jined Wilsn’s farm
thusands f students have attended Wilsn’s classes n farming
What des Wilsn think f his farm?
A. Underestimated.B. Unexpected.
C. Imperfect.D. Prmising.
C
When peple hear “artificial intelligence,” many envisin “big data.” There’s a reasn fr that: sme f the mst imprtant AI breakthrughs in the past decade have relied n enrmus data sets. But AI is nt nly abut large data sets, and research in “small data” appraches has grwn extensively ver the past decade—with s-called transfer learning as an especially prmising example. Als knwn as “fine-tuning,” transfer learning is helpful in settings where yu have little data n the task f interest but abundant data n a related prblem. The way it wrks is that yu first train a mdel using a big data set and then retrain slightly using a smaller data set related t yur specific prblem. Research in transfer learning appraches has grwn impressively ver the past 10 years. In a new reprt fr Gergetwn University’s Center fr Security and Emerging Technlgy (CSET), we examined current and prjected prgress in scientific research acrss “small data” appraches. Our analysis fund that transfer learning stands ut as a categry that has experienced the mst cnsistent and highest research grwth n average since 2010. This grwth
has even utpaced the larger and mre established field f reinfrcement learning, which in recent years has attracted widespread attentin.
Small data appraches such as transfer learning ffer numerus advantages ver mre data-intensive methds. By enabling the use f AI with less data, they can blster prgress in areas where little r n data exist, such as in frecasting natural disasters that ccur relatively rarely r in predicting the risk f disease fr a ppulatin set that des nt have digital health recrds.
Anther way f thinking abut the value f transfer learning is in terms f generalizatin. A recurring challenge in the use f AI is that mdels need t “generalize” beynd their training data. Because transfer learning mdels wrk by transferring knwledge frm ne task t anther, they are very helpful in imprving generalizatin in the new task, even if nly limited data were available.
Mrever, by using pretrained mdels, transfer learning can speed up training time and culd als reduce the amunt f cmputatinal resurces needed t train algrithms (算法). This efficiency is significant, cnsidering that the prcess f training ne large neural (神经系统的) netwrk requires cnsiderable energy.
Despite the grwth in research, transfer learning has received relatively little visibility. The existence f techniques such as transfer learning des nt seem t have reached the awareness f the brader space f plicy makers and business leaders in psitins f making imprtant decisins abut AI funding and adptin. By acknwledging the success f small data techniques like transfer learning—and distributing resurces t supprt their widespread use—we can help vercme sme f the cmmn miscnceptins regarding the rle f data in AI and facilitate innvatin in new directins.
What des the underlined wrd “blster” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Prmte.B. Seek.
C. Track.D. Mnitr.
In which f the fllwing settings can transfer learning be best applied?
Predicting the frequency f flds in Amazn rainfrest.
Designing a prgram that can read handwritten dcuments.
Frecasting the number f peple infected with an unknwn illness.
Predicting huse prices based n basic features like area and lcatin.
What is the writer’s attitude twards transfer learning?
A. Dubtful.B. Optimistic.
C. Critical.D. Uncncerned.
Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
Transfer Learning: Where Des It Best Fit?
Small Data Are Als Crucial fr Advancing AI
Transfer Learning Pwers Technlgical Advances
Big Data vs. Small Data: Which Is the Future f AI?
D
Can yu imagine getting a majr dental prcedure withut nvcaine (一种麻醉药)? A scientist clleague f mine recently tld me, rather than use it, he used a “fcus in” meditatin (冥想) technique t direct all f his attentin t his muth with as much calming equanimity as he culd gather. Ding s transfrmed the pain fr a few minutes. A stream f scientific articles suggests that there are benefits in turning tward discmfrt r negative emtins with acceptance. In additin, all f us can gain frm finding ways t cpe with stress and suffering—particularly
when larger circumstances are beynd ur cntrl. As a researcher wh has studied meditatin fr mre than 20 years, I believe that the cultivatin f equanimity can help.
It’s imprtant t first define the idea f turning tward discmfrt. I’m nt advcating fr peple t put themselves in dangerus psitins. But when we push urselves int challenging r embarrassing situatins, much like trainers wh push athletes just past their cmfrt zne t make gains, learning ften happens.
My wn research indicates that meditatin prvides an ideal way t practice turning tward discmfrt— particularly when it trains up ne’s equanimity. In my labratry at Carnegie Melln University, we cnducted several clinical trials n develping equanimity during mindfulness meditatin training. This apprach includes guided meditatin exercises such as using a matter-f-fact vice t label uncmfrtable feelings in the bdy r welcming uncmfrtable feelings by saying “yes” alud each time a feeling is detected.
We hired 153 stressed adults and ffered them a mindfulness meditatin training prgram with r withut training in equanimity. Our equanimity skills training grup had significantly better utcmes n several measures. After just 14 days f training, fr example, the participants wh learned equanimity skills had significantly lwer bilgical stress respnses when asked t deliver a difficult speech and slve math prblems in frnt f experts in white lab cats. This grup als had significantly lwer bld pressure and stress levels. In the days after training, peple intrduced t equanimity exercises als reprted significantly higher psitive emtins and well-being thrughut the day and mre meaningful scial interactins than participants wh received mindfulness training withut the equanimity cmpnent. It was as thugh develping equanimity had transfrmed their emtinal reactivity t stress, helping them better appreciate and enjy daily life’s many little psitive experiences and making them mre curius and pen t cnnecting with thers.
We are expanding n this wrk in several ways—including thrugh the develpment f an app that ffers equanimity training n demand and with trials invlving participants with stress-related gastrintestinal (胃肠的) disrders. Meanwhile ther scientists are further explring equanimity’s pwer. We are cnvinced we can each build ur resilience (恢复力) n a persnal level by cultivating greater acceptance f ur experience—gd r bad, painful r pleasant—in the present mment.
What can be learned abut equanimity?
It is a state f mental calmness.
It is a frm f negative emtins.
It is a replacement fr nvcaine.
It is the result f mindfulness meditatin.
32 Which f the fllwing is a gd example f equanimity training?
A. Ignring discmfrt ttally.B. Detecting unusual behavir.
C. Keeping emtins t neself.D. Seeing negative feelings bjectively.
Paragraph 5 is written t shw .
the benefits f develping equanimity
the prcedure f mindfulness meditatin
the perfrmances f tw meditatin training grups
the relatinship between equanimity and well-being
What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
Stress cntributes t physical disrders.
Pleasant experiences result in greater equanimity.
Peple are likely t have easy access t equanimity training.
Resilience can help peple gain mre acceptance f hardship.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Want t write better? There’s a new bk that says simple writing is best.
D yu check yur text messages befre sending? 35 If nt, yu might prefer getting things dne fast, even if they’re nt perfect.
This bk argues that it’s imprtant t write carefully, even fr quick messages. Tdd Rgers and Jessica Lasky Fink, frm Harvard, wrte “Writing Fr Busy Readers”. It’s smartly named because everyne’s busy tday. Peple get lts f messages every day, frm emails t texts. 36 Deciding what t read, skim, r ignre happens many times a day fr almst everyne.
The authrs share gd writing tips, like cutting unnecessary wrds and using simple wrds everyne knws. They say it’s imprtant t keep sentences simple. They tested the idea that less is mre. Fr example, they sent an email t thusands f schl-bard members asking them t take a survey. They made the email shrter, frm 127 t 49 wrds, and gt duble the respnses (frm 2.7% t 4.8%). 37
The same is true fr text messages. In anther test, they sent a shrt message asking parents t take a survey. It gt mre respnses than a lnger, mre sympathetic ne. Smetimes, being shrt and clear wrks better than being kind but ignred. It’s nt just what yu say, but hw quickly yu say it that matters.
It’s nt just abut wrd cunt. 38 Reducing the number f ptins has the same effect. Shrt, active sentences with cmmn wrds are best.
Frm psts t nline reviews, fllwing these rules gets mre likes and shares. Serius writers shuld pay attentin t. A study fund that cmpanies using lng sentences and cmplicated wrds were seen as less mral and trustwrthy.
39 It might be tempting t send messages quickly and hpe fr the best. But taking time t write fr yur readers has benefits. If yu send a rushed message that readers ignre, it’s like yu didn’t send it at all.
If everyne is a busy reader, everyne is a busy writer t.
They can als get puzzled by scial media platfrms.
If yu d, yu prbably like making even the simplest messages perfect.
They fund that lnger messages make peple think the task will take lnger.
Keeping messages t ne idea, r as few as pssible, helps make sure they’re read, remembered, and acted n.
Yur gal is t cnvey enugh passin that yur readers think the issue in yur message is wrth caring abut.
Explaining the thinking behind yur messages will allw readers t see that yu knw what yu’re talking abut.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32 分）
第一节（共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Fur Clmbian children survived a plane crash nly t be lst deep in the Amazn rainfrest fr well ver a mnth. This is hw they survived this hrrifying situatin.
It’s mst peple’s nightmare: surviving a plane crash nly t be trapped in a jungle with n way f cntacting the utside wrld. But they survived. The children, aged 13, nine and fur, as well as an 11-mnth-ld baby, were flying with their mther frm their village in the Amazn t visit their father in San Jsé del Guaviare. The single-
engine Cessna n which they were flying experienced engine prblems and disappeared n May 1, 2023.
Bad weather prevented the army frm finding the crash site fr tw weeks, where they then fund the dead bdies f three adults, including the children’s mther. Hw did these children survive cnditins that wuld be an unimaginable struggle fr mst adults? They are members f the Huitt Indigenus grup and were raised in the jungle. As such, they have an intimate understanding f the rainfrest. They knw which fruits are safe t eat and which plants shuld be avided.
Wrking with, rather than against, the Amazn, they survived n fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flur that they fund n the plane. While the children gt n with the business f surviving, the Clmbian army wrked with Indigenus vlunteers t find them. After 40 days f searching, the children were fund and taken t recver at a military hspital in Bgta.
While many arund the wrld have taken this survival stry t be a miracle, thers pint ut that it is the result f an ancient and intimate knwledge f the rainfrest that has been passed dwn thrugh Indigenus cmmunities ver the generatins. Indigenus tribes have a clse relatinship t the Amazn, marked by a deep respect fr the frest that prvides them with shelter and nutritius ingredients. It is their clse cnnectin t and understanding f the rainfrest that undubtedly helped the children t survive.
What made the plane n which they were flying crash?
Why did it take the army s lng t find the children after the accident?
Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
The children survived the hrrifying situatin by fighting against the Amazn rainfrest.
What lessn can yu learn frm the stry? (In abut 40 wrds)
第二节（20 分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，临近毕业，你们班的英语老师请每位同学给新高一学弟学妹写封英文邮件，邮件内容包括：
你的建议；
你的祝愿。
注意：1.词数 100 左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear fellw students,
Yurs, Li Hua
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）
参考答案
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30 分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
1. C2. B3. D4. A5. B
6. A7. D8. C9. C10. B
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38 分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分）
21. C22. C23. B24. D25. B
26. D27. A28. C29. B30. B
31. A32. D33. A34. C
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
C36. B37. D38. E39. A
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32 分）
第一节（共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分）
Engine prblems.
Because the weather was bad.
The children survived the hrrifying situatin by fighting against the Amazn rainfrest
Accrding t the passage, the children survived because they wrked with the Amazn frest and survived n fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flur that they fund n the plane.
略。
第二节（20 分）范文：
Dear fellw students,
Cngratulatins n becming a part f ur wnderful schl cmmunity. At the request f ur English teacher, I’m reaching ut t ffer yu sme advice n navigating yur time here.
First, treasure every mment spent with yur teachers and classmates. Yur time here will pass quickly, s seize the pprtunity t frge meaningful and lasting cnnectins. Secndly, let g f yur past achievements r failures. Instead, fcus n the tasks at hand. It is the dedicatin and effrt yu invest nw that will shape yur future. Finally, explre what truly sparks yur passin. Take English learning fr instance. Whether it’s watching mvies r reading nvels, try t find what genuinely mtivates yu.
Wishing yu all a fulfilling and rewarding jurney ahead filled with jy, grwth, and success.
Yurs, Li Hua11. was intrduced 12. activities
13. has been
14. a
15. fr
16. t access17. where
18. Funded
19. ensuring
20. glbally