2024北京高考冲刺英语大刷题之常考特殊题型部分

这是一份2024北京高考冲刺英语大刷题之常考特殊题型部分，共46页。

(2023高二下·鞍山期末) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Fr serius birders wh regularly bserve birds in the wild, ignring climate change isn't pssible. We have been seeing and dcumenting the effects f a warming climate since at least the 1950s.
Glssy black great-tailed grackles (美洲黑羽椋鸟), fr example, previusly fund primarily in the trpics (热带), first reached sutheastern Califrnia in 1964. They are nw fund thrughut mst f the state.
New research frm the Natinal Audubn Sciety highlights the dangers f the trend. Fr its new reprt, "Survival by Degrees," Audubn scientists analyzed the current gegraphic ranges f 604 Nrth American bird species, and mdeled hw thse ranges wuld change at different levels f warming. At a glbal temperature rise f three degrees Celsius, they fund that 389 f thse species—r nearly tw-thirds f thse studied—wuld becme endangered, lsing much f their current habitat.
Why des this matter t anyne wh's nt a bird watcher? Fr ne thing, birds play a crucial rle in the eclgy, keeping dwn insect ppulatins and serving as fd themselves fr larger predatrs (食肉动物). Their shifting ranges warn f increasing drughts, flds, fires, rising seas and unlivable cities.
Audubn scientists mdeled what wuld happen at lesser levels f warming, and the results are striking. Limiting warming t 1.5 degrees wuld reduce the danger fr three-quarters f thse threatened birds. Audubn's reprt "Survival by Degrees" is nt a depressing frecast but rather a call t actin. It stresses the need fr actin at every level, by individuals and gvernments alike, t reduce greenhuse gas emissins.
As a lifelng birder, I'm prud f the rle my tribe has played in dcumenting the effects f climate change. When lcal cnditins change, particular types f frgs r wildflwers may decrease and disappear, few will ntice. I hpe peple can pay clse attentin t the urgent message in this new reprt and wrk tgether fr slutins. Birds tell us we dn't have time t wait.
A. We still have time t d smething abut it, hwever.
B. But they als serve as a visible symbl f brader envirnmental shifts.
C. This wuld greatly benefit humans, reducing the ptential suffering fr peple.
D. But when a bird species disappears, we dedicated birders dcument the change.
E. In recent decades, that has meant a cnsistent nrthward shift in where species are fund.
F. The changes will make birding exciting, with birders finding new species in unexpected places.
G. Even if sme culd shift their range nrthward, they wuld sn start t run ut f rm n the map.
(2)
(2023高二下·鞍山期末) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Yur Nse Knws
Yur sense f smell enriches yur experience f the wrld arund yu. Different scents can change yur md r transprt yu back t a distant memry. Yur ability t smell als plays a key rle in yur health.
The things we smell are actually the tiny mlecules(分子) released by substances all arund us. When we breathe in these mlecules, they stimulate specialized sensry cells high inside the nse. But a given mlecule can stimulate a cmbinatin f these receptrs, creating a unique representatin in the brain. We perceive that representatin as a smell.
A stuffy(不通气的) nse r a harmless grwth in the nse can blck air and thus scents frm reaching the sensry cells. Certain medicatins, like sme bld pressure pills, can change smell, but these effects are usually temprary. Yur smell shuld cme back nce yu've recvered r stpped the medicatin. But sme things can cause a lng-lasting lss f smell. A head injury r virus, fr example, can smetimes damage the nerves related t smell. Accrding t Dr. Davangere Devanand, an expert n neurdegenerative (神经变性的) diseases and smell lss, the main reasn appears t be that the functining f the brain regins invlved in smell and memry becmes damaged as we grw lder.
But prblems with yur ability t smell may be mre than nrmal aging. They can smetimes be an early sign f serius health cnditins, such as Parkinsn's disease r Alzheimer's disease. Devanand's grup is studying the relatinships between smell dysfunctin and certain disease.
Researchers are als lking fr ways t avid smell lss. Sme studies suggest that smell training may help yu imprve yur ability t distinguish and identify scents. But the questin remains as t whether and hw this might wrk.
A. Many things can cause smell lss.
B. Peple may have lst their ability t smell befre they ntice it.
C. Each f these sensry cells has nly ne type f scent receptr.
D. It may imprve yur brain's ability t interpret lw levels f scents.
E. As peple get lder, many f them culdn't identify certain kind f smell.
F. If yur ability t smell declines, it can affect yur physical well-being and everyday safety.
G. And with age, there is a decline in the ability t smell t sme extent in the nse, but much mre in the brain itself.
(3)
(2023高二上·辽宁期中) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Exam Anxiety
Has this ever happened t yu? Yu've been studying hard fr yur midterm, but when yu walk int yur exam, yur mind ges blank, yur heart races fast, yu get sweaty palms and find it hard t breathe.
Everyne feels stressed during exams. Usually, it results frm a fear f failure, lack f adequate preparatin time and bad experiences taking tests in the past. This is nrmal and ften helps yu wrk harder, think faster and generally imprve yur perfrmance. Yu may als feel that ther peple are managing the exam better than yu. This can cause yu t feel that yur mind has "gne blank" n infrmatin yu knw yu have revised.
Sme chse t ignre the prblem, while thers dn't review because they think they will d badly anyway and even miss exams due t the anxiety. It can als be really easy t think that if yu dn't try and then yu fail, yu wn't feel as bad as if yu fail after trying really hard.
S what can yu d t fight against the negative mindset and stay calm befre and during yur test? Yes, this seems bvius, but it's wrth repeating. If yu feel cnfident that yu've prepared thrughly, yu'll feel mre cnfident walking int the test. The secnd tip is simple: just start. The blank page can maximize yur anxiety. Yu can always g back and change things later if needed, but a few quick answers can get the ball rlling. Besides, allcating(分配) yur time is equally imprtant. Lk thrugh the whle test befre getting started. Mentally allcate hw much time yu'll spend n each sectin. If there's time t recheck, even better.
A. The first thing yu shuld d is t be prepared.
B. Peple ften deal with exam stress in many unhelpful ways.
C. If these classic signs f exam anxiety sund familiar, yu're nt alne!
D. Therefre, peple need an apprpriate amunt f pressure t help deal with exams.
E. Realizing time is almst up and that there's still a lt f blank space will make yu desperate.
F. Hwever, if yu are verly anxius abut the result, yu may be unable t fcus n yur wrk.
G. After yu get the paper, dive right in by getting sme questins dne t build up yur cnfidence.
(4)
(2023高二上·辽宁期中) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
Mystery f Msquit Flight
The msquit is a trublesme and dangerus insect. Their bites itch and can carry dangerus diseases, like malaria, Zika virus and yellw fever. Recently, researchers frm Britain and Japan discvered hw msquites fly.
Msquit wings are small and have an uncmmn shape. S, hw is their flight pssible? The team f scientists frm Britain and Japan slved the mystery. They used high-speed cameras and cmputer images t understand the mechanics f hw the insect mves its wings t stay in the air.
They set up eight super-high speed cameras that take 10,000 images each secnd. Simn Walker, a researcher at the University f Oxfrd, explains that nrmally at least tw cameras are needed t recrd an insect, s they've gt enugh views f an insect. With tw camera views they can then take any pint n an insect and calculate its 3-D crdinates (三维坐标).
Msquites can spread diseases. The insect has tw antennae, r tall, thin rgans n its head that it uses t feel things. But its antennae and six legs make it difficult t take clear images f the wing mvements. The extra cameras let the researchers see that the msquit's wings mve eight hundred times each secnd. That is fur times faster than many insects f a similar size.
Msquites fly by mving their wings in several different directins. The thin tp edges f their wings mve frward first and then they change directin and mve dwn. The mvement lks as if the wings are drawing the number eight. Walker says that existing unmanned flying devices d nt wrk very well utside because wind can affect their flight.
"Insects, n the ther hand, deal really well with even quite windy cnditins. S understanding hw they can d this is ging t be advantageus t us." These researchers say that understanding hw msquites fly might help find ways t stp them frm spreading diseases.
A. Because f this, it is hard t believe that they are able t fly.
B. Msquites evlved frm ther insects abut 226 millin years ag.
C. S, the team needed t use eight cameras t view the wings frm many directins.
D. Researchers at the University f Oxfrd tk images f msquit wing mvements.
E. Many measures have been tried fr msquit cntrl, fr example, getting rid f breeding places.
F. This knwledge, they say, help find ways t stp msquites frm spreading diseases in the future.
G. The research team believes the msquites' wing mvements culd help inventrs design new flying devices.
(5)
(2023高一下·华池期末) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Much f the wrk in tday's wrld is accmplished (完成) in teams. Mst peple believe the best way t build a great team is t gather a grup f the mst talented individuals. Cmpanies spend millins hiring tp business peple. Is their mney well spent?
They fcused n ftball, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. Fr ftball and basketball, adding talented players t a team prves a gd methd, but nly up t the pint where 70% f the players are tp talent; abve that level, the team's perfrmance begins t decline. Interestingly, this trend isn't evident in baseball, where additinal individual talent keeps imprving the team's perfrmance.
T explain this phenmenn, the researchers explred the degree t which a gd perfrmance by a team requires its members t crdinate (协调) their actins. In baseball, the perfrmance f individual players is less dependent n teammates. They cnclude that when task interdependence is high, team perfrmance will suffer when there is t much talent, while individual talent will have psitive effects n team perfrmance when task interdependence is lwer. If a basketball star is, fr example, trying t gain a high persnal pint ttal, he may take a sht himself when it wuld be better t pass the ball t a teammate, affecting the team's perfrmance. Yung children learning t play team sprts are ften tld, "There is n I in TEAM."
Anther pssibility is that when there is a lt f talent n a team, sme players may make less effrt. Just as in a game f tug-f-war (拔河比赛), whenever a persn is added, everyne else pulls the rpe with less frce.
. An A-team may require a balance-nt just a players, but a few generus B players as well.
(6)
(2023八上·莲湖期中) 语法填空
Ftball is a ppular sprt with fans all ver the wrld. There is, hwever, an indr versin f the game (knw) as "table ftball". It was invented in 1921 and peple (get) great pleasure frm it since then. The game is played n a special table. Players cntrl their "team" by turning sticks, t which the "players" are attached. As in real ftball, (pint) will be awarded when putting the ball in the ther players' gal. Table ftball requires using hands and eyes tgether excellently, which is really exciting.
(7)
(2022高三上·北京模拟) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are Yu a Prisner f Perfectin?
D yu struggle fr a gal that is beynd yur reach?Are yu setting yurself up fr failure and shame when yu can't achieve the unachievable? Understanding what drives perfectinism is the first step tward releasing this self-created anchr that keeps us stuck.
Shame and fear are ften the hidden drivers f perfectinism. We believe that if we can fashin a perfectly plished persnality, flash ur intelligence, and perfect ur humur, then n ne can hurt us with criticism and we'll win respect and apprval.
Pliticians wh display a desperate need t be right and refuse t acknwledge mistakes r uncertainty are ften driven by a secret shame. They fear that shwing vulnerability(弱点) will expse them t the accusatin that they're weak. They stick t a desire t be right, perfect, and plished, even when it's bvius that the emperr has n clthes.
Perfectinism keeps us leaning tward the future. We're cnstantly evaluating urselves in rder t d better.Hwever, if we can't relax and enjy lighter mments, then we becme prisners f ur perfectinism. We get painfully self-cnscius and take urselves t seriusly. Sadly, we deprive(剥夺) urselves f the simple pleasure f enjying the mment and being urselves.
We realize that failing at any enterprise desn't mean that we are a failure. Withut failures, we'll never learn frm ur mistakes; we'll never mve frward in ur lives. Thse wh succeed have made cuntless mistakes. The imprtant thing is t learn frm ur errr, frgive urselves and mve n.
Being human, perfectin is impssible.Releasing urselves frm the desire t prtect ur image, we're freed t sail gracefully thrugh ur successes and failures—and enjy ur precius life.
A. D yu hld an idealized visin that is impssible t realize?
B. A cure t perfectinism is t make rm fr ur human shrtcmings.
C. D yu fear that thers will be hrrified by what yu judge abut yurself?
D. The addictin t staying perfect prtects us frm any sign f being imperfect.
E. There's nthing wrng with wanting t d ur best and self-crrecting alng the way.
F. Peple wh are addicted t perfectin are ften islated, even if they seem utging and ppular.
G. By accepting urselves as we are and ding ur best, we begin t rid the shame that drives perfectinism.
(8)
(2019高三下·安徽开学考) 阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Fr thse wh lve travel, particularly rail travel, China in 1987 was a can't﹣miss kind f place. In1987, China was still perating steam trains n sme rail rutes,made peple frm many cuntries amazed. Bruce Cnnlly, a phtgrapher frm Sctland,（be） ne f them.
Cnnlly first came t China in 1987,（start） his cntinuus travelling thrughut China. Since then, he（travel） t mst parts f China except Fujian, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. Wherever he went, his camera remained by his side. During his jurneys in China, Cnnlly fund China very different frm he saw in phtgraphs, which shwed Chinese peple very religius in the way they dressed and behaved., what he saw was that peple were（friend）, welcming and wre bright clthes. In the early years f his jurney, mst Chinese peple were fascinated with freigners visiting China, but nw that has changed in cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, freigners are n lnger（curius）.
Anther dramatic change that Cnnlly has felt in China is . widespread use f new technlgy. China has becme ne f the mst tech﹣savvy（懂技术的）scieties. Peple nw d everything with（they） smartphnes, and use f cash is almst disappearing.
(9)
(2023八上·莲湖期中) 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所 给词的正确形式填空。
Once I was playing in the wds when the sky started t turn dark and the wind started t blw. I saw a big black clud(mve) twards me. Suddenly, I felt the rain hitting my face! Actually, it was puring! Then I saw lightning in the sky. And later, BOOM!!! A lud clap f thunder! Then I saw a little ld hut and ran inside. It smelled awful and the walls were shaking, but it was(gd) than nthing! Outside, the wind was hwling and things were flying arund. I just std in the crner, cld and scared.(lucky) my dad came and fund me. I was safe!
(10)
(2023高二下·鞍山期末) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Mbile technlgy impacts all areas f ur lives tday. The early mbile phnes, ften referred t as 0G mbile phnes, led t the phnes used nw which rely n 4G r 5G mbile technlgy. The mbile revlutin has enabled glbal cmmunities t frm, but there are cncerns t, the impact f which we lk at here.
The mbile revlutin has seen all f us spend mre time nline than ever befre. Whether catching up with family, shpping, ding research, watching mvies r gaming, all f these are nw all pssible at any time, wherever we are.
Nwadays, almst all businesses ffer mbile-accessible sites fr smartphnes and tablets. Whether yu are placing an rder fr a new pair f jeans, researching the best financial advisr r wanting t play a casin game n the mve like blackjack mbile, it is really easy t d all f these.
Since the launch f scial media in 1997 with Six Degrees, which allwed users t uplad a prfile and make friends with ther users, there are nw many ther scial media platfrms like Facebk (2004). These ffer glbal cmmunicatin n a scale never seen befre which have led t the rise f scial mvements such as Black Lives Matter.
The Cambridge Analytica scandal (丑闻) cncerning Facebk invlved the harvesting f Facebk data f 87 millin peple that was used fr advertising during electins. Als, fr yung peple in particular, scial media can harm their self-wrth.
Mbile technlgy means that we have access t infrmatin at ur fingertips wherever we are. "Ggle is yur friend" is nw listed in urban dictinaries, shwing hw many f us search fr instant answers withut ding mre than pull ut ur phnes r ask Alexa.
The mbile revlutin has als seen a rise in fitness devices wrn n the wrist. Nt nly recrding lap times, fitness devices can als mnitr pulse rates, bld pressure and sleeping patterns.
A. The impact is nt all psitive.
B. They have a number f functins.
C. What's mre, it is very ppular with yung peple.
D. Besides, app technlgy makes the searching simple.
E. Yu can begin a game at hme and cntinue it n the bus r train.
F. They can even ffer instant health feedback and recmmendatins.
G. They give us real-time access int the lives f friends, family, celebrities and businesses.
(11)
(2023高二下·鞍山期末) 任务型阅读
Reversal—change yur perspective and slve yur prblem
It's ften yur definitin f a prblem that limits yu in finding a suitable slutin. Creative slutins require a change f perspective.
The reversal technique is a creative thinking technique that is based n the thught that t change yur perspective, yu smetimes need t change the rder f the wrds in yur prblem definitin.
Hw yu change the rder f the wrds desn't matter much, as lng as the key wrds are reversed. Yur challenge is "Hw d we make sure that fewer peple take cars t their wrk?". Swapping the key wrds, yu culd rephrase this challenge as "Hw d we make sure that fewer cars take peple t their wrk?" In this case, the first statement will make yu think f alternative means f transprtatin, like trains r bikes, while the secnd statement will prbably make yu think f slutins like carpling—fewer cars fr the same number f peple.
Nt every prblem statement is suitable fr a reversal. Smetimes using this technique requires yu t first rephrase the questin altgether. Fr instance, the questin "hw might we sell mre washing machines?" is nt easily reversed—there is n key wrd t swap with "washing machines". Yet, when yu rephrase the questin t "Hw might we sell mre washing machines t yung parents?" yu can easily change it t "Hw might we sell mre yung parents t washing machines? Yu culd interpret this last sentence as "the washing machine pays the yung parents t try it ut". Then, yu culd start cmmunicating t ptential buyers hw much they will save each year when they chse yur energy efficient washing machine.
As this example shws, sme reversals will require a very flexible way f thinking. Hwever, thinking abut the tiny amunt f time it will "cst" yu t try ut a reversal, yu have very little t lse and, ptentially, lts t gain.
A. The secnd prblem statement is much mre lgical.
B. Often it helps t add ne mre key wrd t the sentence.
C. Rephrasing yur challenge is t change the prblem statement.
D. A great way t d this is by "reversing" yur prblem statement.
E. Fr instance, imagine yu are respnsible fr limiting the traffic jam in yur area.
F. Admittedly, it is a very unusual challenge, but it might just stimulate a creative thught.
G. Nt everyne will be able t mve frm an unreasnable statement t a useful slutin.
(12)
(2023高二下·鞍山期末) 任务型阅读
Craftsmanship requires a great deal f time, patience and effrt. Traditinally craftsmen develp their skills thrugh apprenticeship t thse masters f the craft wh came befre them. Althugh we dn't ften wrk that way in this day and age. There are few things that we can d t emulate the prcess.
Practice everyday design smething new, walk thrugh a tutrial wrk n a persnal prject. Whatever it takes t getting yu wrking with the tls f yur trade each day, the mre yu d smething, the better (and faster) yu becme at ding it.
Learn t accept criticism and react apprpriately. Peple have a hard time taking criticism f their wrk. Yu put s much effrt int a piece. it can be difficult t hear that what yu have dne is nt gd enugh. criticism isn't persnal, yu and yur critics have the same gal, a quality prduct.
. As I mentined earlier, this is where all f the difference is made. A true artisan is careful abut the details. Take the time t add plish and style t the small things. That can easily g verlked. Attentiveness t these details raises the quality f ur wrk.
Design fr the future. Items that exhibit the quality f craftsmanship are timeless, They are built well, and built t last. There are always new features in the sftware we use. Peple develp new tls that give us mre pssibilities. But despite the ever-changing face f this industry, it is pssible t d wrk that has lngevity.
A. Pay attentin t the details.
B. Participate in quality discussin.
C. Trends and cstumes change rapidly.
D. Building quality reputatins is the key t building craftsmanship.
E. Hwever, nthing will help yu imprve s much as a critic.
F. Practice is the mst imprtant part f develping the quality f craftsmanship.
G. S becming a real artisan requires yur cntinuus develpment f yur craft.
(13)
(2023高二下·鞍山期末) 任务型阅读
I have met many westerners wh d nt feel anything t put their feet n the table while sitting n the chair.They dn't feel like it is a strange r rude thing t d it. And I-knw that they dn't mean t be ill-behaved. Hwever, in the eyes f a Myanmarese, it is really a very rude thing.
Fr Myanmarese, the head is the mst sacred (神圣的) part f the human bdy while the feet are the mst inferir part.They tuch grund, dirt, mud and garbage. Just think f all the dirty things lying n the grund. S the Myanmarese regard feet as the mst dirty and smelly part f ne's bdy.
When yu put that dirty part f yur bdy nt ther peple's clean table, it is like an insult (侮辱) t that persn if that persn is a Myanmarese. There is nthing mre insulting t a Myanmarese than t pint yur feet twards him.
S, if yu want t win the heart f yur Myanmarese friends, next time when yu drp in n him r he visits yu, try nt t put yur feet n the living rm table r pint yur feet twards him. Indeed, yur feet shuld never be pinting t the directin f a persn r a sacred place.
Pssibly, yur Myanmarese friend will nt say anything even if yu d it. But it des nt mean that he is OK with yur behavir r apprves f yur behavir.Even if that persn is yur emplyee r yur huse maid, yu shuld never d it t him r her.
A. This seems a nrmal habit t them.
B. In his heart he will cnsider yu as a rude persn.
C. Whatever yu d, dn't tuch the head f a Myanmarese.
D. This is the rule that yu must strictly fllw in Myanmar.
E. Being the lwest part, they are als cnsidered the dirtiest part.
F. Fr Myunurese，the dirty part shuld nly be in the lwest place.
G. Myannmarese peple d nt express themselves as directly as Westerners.
(14)
(2023高二下·鞍山期末) 任务型阅读
If yu text ften, yu likely have a "texting style". D yu ften use emjis? Or what abut using crrect punctuatin (标点)? What d all these texting habits say abut yu? T help yu understand yurself, here are sme texting styles that can tell yu a lt abut yur persnality.
D yu always use emjis when yu're texting? Yu're mst likely smene wh is pen t shwing yur emtins and is truthful. T make sure the ther persn desn't get the wrng idea abut yur messages, yu make sure t express the tne f messages with an emji, which can be ften used as effective signals in mdern scial cmmunicatin.
If yu like t respnd in ne-wrd texts like a quick "Gd", then yu mst likely have a mre reserved persnality, and aren't as pen with yur true thughts and feelings. Because yu are nt as pen with yur emtins in texts, yu may nt care hw lengthy yur respnse is. But be careful.
D yu value punctuatin and grammar in yur writing? This lve f grammar ges straight int yur texts as well as yur emails. This seems like a great thing, desn't it? But in texting, peple seem t think therwise. Simply placing a perid at the end f sentences in texts can make yu cme acrss as untrustwrthy t thers. With this texting style, yu are rted in lgic and always pay attentin t the little details.
Are yur texts lengthy and thughtful? Similar t smene wh texts with perfect grammar, yu are a thughtful and detail-riented persn, wh enjys deep cnversatins and likes things that are cntrlled and stable.
Which texting persnality are yu? Are yu a mix f several types? It's imprtant t nte that everyne has different ways f texting in different situatins. Everyne texts their clleagues in a different style frm their family r their friends. If yu ever think smene may have left yu an unclear r rude text, it's better t just ask them in-persn what they meant r what they were feeling.
A. D yu relate t any f these texting persnalities?
B. D yu knw that yu and yur friends may have different styles?
C. Such texts may als be rated as less sincere than thse that d nt.
D. Yu may be the busy type wh desn't have a lt f time t respnd.
E. Yu're the type f persn wh understands the imprtance f cntext.
F. Yu want thers t knw hw yu're feeling when yu're using a message.
G. If yu're texting smene with a different text persnality, they may view yur text as negative.
(15)
(2023高二下·鞍山期末) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
There is an English saying, '''' Until recently, few peple tk the saying seriusly. Nw hwever, dctrs have begun t lk int laughter and the effects it has n the human bdy.
Tests were carried ut t study the effects f laughter n the bdy. Peple watched funny films while dctrs checked their heart, bld pressure, breathing and muscles. It was fund that laughter has similar effects t physical exercise. If laughter exercises the bdy, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shwn that laughter appears t be able t reduce the effect f pain n the bdy. In ne experiment dctrs prduced pain in grups f students wh listened t different radi prgrams. The grup that tlerated the pain fr the lngest time was the grup which listened t a funny prgram.
They have fund that even if their patients d nt really feel like laughing, making them smile is enugh t prduce beneficial effects similar t thse caused by laughter.
A. Laughter can surely last ne's life.
B. As a result f these discveries, sme dctrs in the United States nw hld laughter clinics, in which they help t imprve their patients' cnditin by encuraging them t laugh.
C. The reasn why laughter can reduce pain seems t be that it helps t prduce a kind f chemical in the brain which diminishes bth stress and pain.
D. It increases bld pressure, makes the heart beat quicker and makes peple breathe deeper; it als wrks several grups f muscles in the face, the stmach, and even the feet.
E. They have prved that laughter can really cure any disease if peple keep a gd state f mind.
F. Laughter is the best medicine.
G. They have fund that laughter really can imprve peple's health.
(16)
(2023高二下·鞍山期末) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The wrld is full f distractins. Unfrtunately, the wrld als requires us t wrk. Cping with the first while still ding enugh f the secnd is … srry, where am I?
Ah, yes, the wrld is full f distractins. If yu wrk in an ffice, it might be emails, phne calls r clleagues with questins t ask. If yu are at hme, it might be the cntents f the fridge r a sudden fixatin n dust mites (尘螨) under the sfa. Smetimes it takes even less. If yu are sitting and ding wrk and smene near yu says smething particularly interesting, that can pull yur fcus.
S, hw can we stay fcused in ur wandering minds? And put yur smartphne and ther irrelevant screens away—they attract ur attentin even if they are ff. If yu tend t pp n headphnes and use music t shut ut distractins, avid listening t anything familiar. Knwing the wrds r tune well will distract yu even mre.
If yu are ding smething repetitive like stuffing envelpes r laying bricks, being distracted by listening t music r a pdcast r engaging in a cnversatin with a c-wrker can ultimately bst prductivity. Jihae Shin, nw at the university f Wiscnsin-Madisn, has fund that when peple played Minesweeper fr five minutes befre cming up with new business ideas, they were mre creative than thse wh didn't play.
In general, this is the enemy f prductivity: it encurages mistakes, stps us frm cmpleting things, prmtes frgetfulness and lwers the quality f writing. But when we are trying t cme up with creative slutins, task-switching distractins can help prevent "cgnitive fixatin" n ineffective appraches. S if yu are a creative type, try lining up tw r mre tasks and spend yur day switching between them. Or if that desn't wrk, just g play with yur phne.
A. Nt all distractins are bad, hwever.
B. Switching between tasks can als help.
C. Creativity can benefit frm distractin t.
D. Switching ff email r messaging services helps.
E. But yu are nt gd at dealing with distractins.
F. If yu have truble cncentrating, I suggest yu try the fllwing ideas.
G. If yu are nt careful, yu will end up yur day with nthing accmplished.
(17)
(2023高二下·鞍山期末) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Yu are given many pprtunities in life t chse t be a victim r creatr. When yu chse t be a victim, the wrld is a cld and difficult place. "They" are wrng and bad, and life is terrible as lng as "they" are arund. Or yu may blame yurself fr all yur prblems, thus internalizing (内化) yur victimizatin. The truth is, yur life is likely t stay that way as lng as yu feel a need t blame yurself r thers.
They knw there are individuals wh might like t cntrl their lives, but they dn't let this get in the way. They knw they have their weaknesses, yet they dn't blame themselves when they fail.They believe their dance with each sacred (神圣的) mment f life is a gift and that strms are a natural part f life which can bring the rain needed fr emtinal and spiritual grwth.
Victims and creatrs live in the same physical wrld and deal with many f the same physical realities, yet their experience f life is wrlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺) in anger, guilt, and ther emtins that cause thers—and even themselves—t feel like victims, t. Creatrs cnsciusly chse lve, inspiratin, and ther qualities which inspire nt nly themselves, but all arund them.
In reality, all f us play the victim r the creatr at varius pints in ur lives. One persn, n lsing a jb r a special relatinship, may feel as if it is the end f the wrld and sink int terrible suffering fr mnths, years, r even a lifetime.He may chse t first experience the grief, then accept the lss and sn mve n t be a pwerful creative frce in his life.
In every mment and every circumstance, yu can chse t have fuller, richer life by setting a clear intentin t transfrm the victim within, and by inviting int yur life the pwerful creatr that yu are.
A. Whatever happens, they have chice in the matter.
B. Cmpared with victims, creatrs are mre emtinal.
C. One's experiences determine his attitude tward life.
D. Thse wh chse t be creatrs lk at life quite differently.
E. Anther with the same experience may chse t be a creatr.
F. "They" did things t yu which caused all f yur pain and suffering.
G. Bth victims and creatrs always have chice t determine the directin f their lives.
(18)
(2023高二下·鞍山期末) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
One majr reasn Americans dn't get enugh exercise is that they feel they dn't have enugh time. It can be difficult t squeeze in the 75 minutes f aerbic (有氧的) exercise per week that federal guidelines recmmend.
In a new analysis f 14 studies, researchers tracked deaths amng mre than 232,000 peple frm the U.S., Denmark, the U.K. and China ver at least five years, and cmpared the findings with peple's self-reprts abut hw much they ran. Peple wh said they ran any amunt were less likely t die than thse wh didn't run at all. This was true even fr thse wh didn't lg a great deal f time. The analysis divided peple int grups, with 50 minutes r less per week representing the grup that ran the least—but still ran. "Regardless f hw much yu run, yu can expect such benefits," says Zeljk Pedisic, ne f the authrs f the new analysis published in the British Jurnal f Sprts Medicine.
The analysis is the latest t illustrate the benefits f running n the human bdy. It's what we evlved (进化) t d. But as leisure-time exercise, running keeps us healthy. "One f the best ways t avid having t see a dctr," Zeljk says, "is t stay physically active."
Running is gd at guarding against cancer partly because it uses up bld sugar, starving the cancer cells that rely n it fr fuel. And it prtects yu in ther ways nt necessarily measured in the latest research: by decreasing inflammatin (炎症), fr example, which is at the rt f many diseases, and stimulating the prductin f a prtein that imprves brain health.
Neither were hw ften peple ran and the pace they kept. As lng as yu're running, mre isn't always better, especially given that the risk f injury increases with repetitin.
A. Peple may n lnger hunt wild animals fr their next meal.
B. The physical demands f running affect ur bdy in a beneficial way.
C. Sme peple run t prevent disease, and thers run because it makes them feel better.
D. Runners were 27% less likely t die fr any reasn, cmpared with nnrunners.
E. But researchers pint ut, t infer smething like that, they need the whle ppulatin measured.
F. But new research suggests peple may be able t get life-lengthening benefits by running fr far less time.
G. The gd news is that running mre than 50 minutes per week wasn't linked t additinal prtectins against dying.
(19)
(2023高二下·鞍山期末) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
At ne pint r anther, yu've prbably heard smene speak with cnfidence n a tpic that they actually knw almst nthing abut. This phenmenn is knwn as the Dunning-Kruger effect, which refers t the finding that peple wh are relatively unskilled r unknwledgeable in a particular subject smetimes have the tendency t verestimate their knwledge and abilities.
In a set f studies, researchers Justin Kruger and David Dunning asked participants t cmplete tests f their skills in a particular dmain. Then, participants were asked t guess hw well they had dne n the test. This effect was mst prnunced amng participants with the lwest scres n the test.
David Dunning explains that "the knwledge and intelligence that are required t be gd at a task are ften the same qualities needed t recgnize that ne is nt gd at that task." In ther wrds, if smene knws very little abut a particular tpic, they may nt even knw enugh abut the tpic t realize that their knwledge is limited. Imprtantly, smene may be highly skilled in ne area, but be influenced by the Dunning-Kruger effect in anther dmain.
If peple wh knw very little abut a tpic think they're experts, what d experts think f themselves? Interestingly, Dunning and Kruger fund that althugh experts typically guessed their perfrmance was abve average, they didn't realize quite hw well they had dne. They ften make a different mistake:
What can peple d t vercme the effect? Dunning and Kruger nce had sme f the participants take a lgic test and then cmplete a shrt training sessin n lgical reasning. After the training, the participants were asked t assess hw they'd dne n the previus test.
Afterward, the participants wh scred in the bttm 25 percent lwered their estimate f hw well they thught they had dne n the initial test. In ther wrds, ne way t vercme the effect may be t learn mre abut a tpic.
The Dunning-Kruger effect suggests that we may nt always knw as much as we think we d.
Hwever, by challenging urselves t learn mre and by reading abut ppsing views, we can wrk t vercme the effect.
A. Researchers fund that the training made a difference.
B. They assume that everyne else is knwledgeable, t.
C. This happens when peple dn't knw much abut a tpic.
D. All f them had a mre accurate view f their perfrmance.
E. They fund that participants tended t verestimate their abilities.
F. This means that everyne can ptentially be affected by the Dunning-Kruger effect.
G. In sme dmains, we may nt knw enugh abut a tpic t realize that we are unskilled.
A. It's nt a simple matter t determine the nature f talent.
B. Sprts team wners spend millins f dllars attracting tp talent
C. The grup interactin and its effect drew the researchers' attentin.
D. Stars apparently d nt fllw this basic principle f sprtsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the rle f talent in the sprts wrld.
F. Building up a dream team is mre cmplex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball frm ftball and basketball.