2024北京高考冲刺英语大刷题之常考阅读理解部分（一）

这是一份2024北京高考冲刺英语大刷题之常考阅读理解部分（一），共24页。试卷主要包含了99 等内容，欢迎下载使用。

阅读理解
The Pmdr technique is prbably ne f the mst pwerful techniques in all f learning. All yu have t d is set a timer fr 25 minutes, and then just fcus as attentively as yu can fr thse 25 minutes.
Nw if yu start fcusing n and yu're wrking n, and then yu lk up at the timer and tw minutes have passed. Yu may feel like yu can't hld n. And just let the thught g by, and return yur fcus t whatever yu are wrking n. And when that 25 minutes is up yu relax a little bit. Yu might wnder why that 25 minutes is the magic number, and the reality is we dn't really knw. There's nt a lt f research n the Pmdr technique, which is surprising because it's s incredibly ppular and peple find it very useful.
But there's an interesting tidbit related t the Pmdr technique, and that is that: when yu just think abut smething that yu dn't like very much, it stimulates a part f the brain that experiences pain. And s the brain naturally enugh shifts its attentin t smething else, like Facebk r Twitter r smething like that.
And what the Pmdr technique des, when yu d it yu're setting that timer. Yu dn't want t sit there and think," I'm ging t wrk n this prblem and get it all finished. Yu just want t think, I've gt 25 minutes where I just have t wrk n smething." Dn't even think abut what that smething is. What that des is it slips in under yur brain's radar. It desn't stimulate s much that pain in yur brain; and then that pain in the brain, research has shwn, lasts fr 20 minutes.
S if yu wrk fr 25 minutes yu will suddenly find yurself getting int the flw because yu've gne past that painful perid. S the Pmdr technique is effective in many different aspects.
（1） Which is an example f using the Pmdr technique?
（2） What can be inferred abut the Pmdr technique frm paragraph 2?
（3） Why is the tidbit mentined in paragraph 3?
（4） Hw des the Pmdr technique wrk?
(2)
阅读理解
Numerus studies, including a 2019 review in the jurnal Annual Research & Review in Bilgy, have fund that bth perfrming and listening t music can have a significant impact n the immune system.
"Certainly music has an impact n the brain, and anxiety and stress impact the immune system," said Andrew Levin, a neurlgist at the University f Pittsburgh. Dr. Levin, an amateur trumpet player wh perfrms with several lcal ensembles, said he's nt an expert in the ways music interacts with the brain. But it wrks fr him. "Music is a part f my stress release paradigm," he said. "We knw that music can affect brain states, s I dn't believe it is much f a stretch t say that music can indirectly affect ur physilgy, and there is research that supprts this ntin."
Accrding t a 2013 review in the jurnal Brain Behavir and Immunity, the emtinal and psychlgical effects f listening t music have direct impacts n bimarkers and hrmne levels. There is als general cnsensus amng researchers that listening t music reduces crtisl (皮质醇)levels.
Des the type f music matter? It des. Prir assciatins and relatinships with different types f music affect hw yur bdy respnds. In general, research indicates that "relaxing music" (i. e. slwer pace, peaceful music) is better fr calming tense nerves， decreasing bld pressure and breath and settling the heart rate.
Singing a different tune? Ptvin, a prfessr f music therapy at Duquesne University, is skeptical f sme f the research linking music with the immune system, questining whether it's healthy t use music r any ther tl t resist anxiety. "The research is superficial, thugh I dn't mean that in a negative way," he said. "I think the infrmatin we have is valuable, but we need t g deeper."
（1） What des the underlined wrd "it" in paragraph 2 refer t?
（2） What d we knw abut relaxing music accrding t the text?
（3） What d we learn frm the last paragraph?
（4） What might be the best title f the text?
(3)
(2023六下·华亭竞赛) 阅读理解
Overly fcusing n yur gals may actually be cunterprductive in the lng run. Take it frm an Olympic athlete.
After Brenda Martinez, a US Olympic runner, lst her balance in the 800-meter run, she lst the race that wuld qualify her fr the Olympics. Instead f fcusing n her failure, she prepared t win in the next race. "The track desn't care abut yur feelings," she tld New Yrk Magazine Intelligence. "Yu've just gt t mve frward." She did indeed mve frward and ended up winning third place in the 1500-meter race a week later t qualify fr the Olympics in Ri. Instead f attaching herself t the gal f making the Olympic team, she cncentrated n the prcess.
Researchers frm Harvard fund that veremphasizing gals based n measurable utcmes ften leads t risk-taking, imprper behavir and reduced mtivatin.
When yu becme verly fcused n achieving the gal, yu may lse sight f yur riginal purpse fr accmplishing the gal in the first place. Anther danger is actually cmpleting the gal withut setting a plan fr what's next. Fr example, sme marathn runners experience what's called the "pst-race blues". Achieving yur gal may cause yu t drp the gd habits that gt yu there in the first place.
"After yu set a gal, it's best t shift yur fcus frm the gal itself t the prcess that gives yu the best chance f achieving it; and t judge yurself based n hw well yu manage that prcess," clumnist Brad Stulberg said.
Ultimately, changing yur mindset frm gals t prcess will lead yu t achieve small victries n yur way t accmplishing lng-term gals. It leaves yu with a sense f satisfactin and accmplishment, regardless f the measurable utcme.
（1） What des the underlined wrd "cunterprductive" in paragraph 1 mean?
（2） What des the writer want t tell us by referring t Brenda Martinez's stry?
（3） Why may sme marathn runners experience the "pst-race blues"?
（4） What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
(4)
(2021·龙岩模拟) 阅读理解
With advanced cmmunicatin technlgics making the icnic British red telephne bxes expendable (可抛弃的）, a US firm is all set t bring them back t use. Call bxes wuld be changed int mini-ffices fr wrkers n-the-g and will ffer free cffee t subscribers (认购者).
Bar Wrks Inc's chief executive Jnathan Black, a Britn living in New Yrk, said that his cmpany will renew telephne bxes with fully functinal printers, scanners, 25-inch screens and Wi-Fi. Bar Wrks specializes in ffering bar-themed wrk statins in prime lcatins, charging custmers with a mnthly subscriptin in return fr free access t the business and ffice supplies. The cmpany plans t perate in a similar manner, ffering British custmers with mnthly memberships t "Pd Wrks" fr £19.99 ($29).
The cmpany will refit telephne bxes in five majr British cities and has already rented and changed 15 ld call bxes in Lndn and Edinburgh. As expected, they are cming int use by the public in the cming mnths. "Given the prime lcatin, abve all else, f the telephne bxes, the launch is expected t gain at least 10, 000 members by the end f 2021. It's an alternative t, say, Starbucks but bviusly it prvides yu with ttal privacy. " said Black.
Thanks t mbile phnes, the red telephne bxes have been effectively made expendable. Accrding t a reprt by the Daily Mail, retired telephne bxes, especially thse damaged deliberately, are sent t a "telephne bx graveyard" f srts, where they take great pains t restre t their frmer glry befre being sld t cllectrs acrss the glbe. Such is the demand fr prperly restred telephne bxes, that it is nt uncmmn fr them t be sld fr amunts as high as £10, 000.
Despite its setback, in a recent survey, the British red telephne bx, which was riginally designed in 1920, was vted the greatest British design f all time.
（1） What will the red telephne bxes be used fr?
（2） What d yu knw abut the renewed telephne bxes?
（3） What is Black's attitude twards the launch?
（4） What's the purpse f writing abut the telephne bxes in this passage?
(5)
阅读理解
If yu've taken a persnality test befre, yu may knw it can be bring and frustrating because test takers have t answer cuntless and repetitive questins. Hwever, as new HR technlgies develp, traditinal tests seem increasingly ut f tuch, fr they dn't include what we humans are best at: visual prcessing.
Actually, visual tests are nt cmpletely new. Image-based tests have lng been used by psychlgists t explre persnality. The use f images in persnality assessments nt nly makes them mre fun and engaging, but als has ther benefits.
First, using image-based assessments can reduce test takers' tiredness. The reductin in test tiredness can lead t mre accurate respnses and better cmpletin rates. Secnd, image-based assessments are easier t digest fr thse wh have difficulty reading r understanding text. This shuld make them mre accessible t thse with learning disabilities, less educatin r language barriers. Mrever, cmpared with text, a strnger reliance n images may be the better apprach when trying t understand persnality acrss cultures.
Cnsidering the ptential benefits f using images in assessment, it isn't surprising that test designers have begun t use pictures and even vides. Althugh mre wrk is needed t establish the full validity (有效性) f the new generatin f visual assessments, initial research lks prmising. One thing is certain: we must find creative and interesting ways t measure persnality and keep up with peple's increasing expectatins f technlgy.
Visual tests like these are becming mre cmmn and critical nw than ever befre, thanks t the evlutin f technlgy and usage f equipment. Rather than stick t traditinal methds, it's imprtant that we start t embrace the benefits f mbile technlgy ─ allwing peple t take and use image-based persnality tests, wherever they are in the wrld. Technlgy will cntinue t advance steadily. Using advancements like image-based tests will becme the nrm. Cmpanies ignring these trends will quickly get left behind.
（1） Which f the fllwing is the benefit f image-based persnality tests?
（2） What can we learn frm Paragraph 4?
（3） Why des the authr advise cmpanies t use image-based tests?
（4） What is the passage mainly abut?
(6)
(2022高三上·哈尔滨期末) 阅读理解
Cigarettes aren't just harmful when they're being smked. Even when cigarette ends g ut and are cld, new research has fund they cntinue t give ff harmful chemicals in the air. In the first 24 hurs alne, scientists say a used cigarette end will prduce 14 percent f the nictine (尼古丁) that an actively burning cigarette wuld prduce.
While mst f these chemicals are released within a day f being put ut, an analysis fr the United States Fd and Drug Administratin (FDA) fund the level f nictine fell by just 50% five days later.
"I was abslutely surprised," since envirnmental engineer Dustin Pppendieck frm the United States Natinal Institute f Standards and Technlgy (NIST). "The numbers are significant and culd have imprtant impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indrs r in cars. While much attentin has been paid t the health influence f first-hand, secnd-hand and nw third-hand smking, it is nt the case when it cmes t the actual cigarette end f the matter."
T measure emissins (排放) frm this frgtten thing, Pppendieck and his team placed 2,100 cigarettes that were recently put ut inside a special rm. Once the ends were sealed away, the team measured eight chemicals cmmnly prduced by cigarettes, fur f which the FDA have their eye n fr being harmful r ptentially s.
After setting the rm's temperature, the researchers tested hw emissins changed under certain cnditins. When the air temperature f the rm was higher, fr instance, they nticed the ends prduced these chemicals at higher rates. This finding might discurage thse wh want t leave ashtrays (烟灰缸) ut fr days at a time, especially in the heat.
（1） What d the researchers say abut cigarette ends?
（2） What d Pppendieck's wrds suggest?
（3） Which wrd best describes the authr's attitude t nt cleaning ashtrays fr days?
（4） What can be the best title fr the text?
(7)
(2021高三上·汉中月考) 阅读理解
Happiness is nt a warm phne, accrding t a new study explring the link between yung life satisfactin and screen time. The study was led by prfessr f psychlgy Jean M. Twenge at San Dieg State University (SDSU).
T research this link, Twenge, alng with clleagues Gabrielle Martin at SDSU and W. Keith Campbell at the University f Gergia, dealt with data frm the Mnitring the Future (MtF) study, a natinally representative survey f mre than a millin U. S. 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders. The survey asked students questins abut hw ften they spent time n their Phnes, tablets and cmputers, as well as questins abut their face-t-face scial interactins and their verall happiness.
On average fund that teens wh spent mre time in frnt f screen devices — playing cmputer games, using scial media, texting and vide chatting — were less happy than thse wh invested mre time in nn-screen activities like sprts, reading newspapers and magazines, and face-t-face scial interactins.
"The key t digital media use and happiness is limited use," Twenge said. "Aim t spend n mre than tw hurs a day n digital media, and try t increase the amunt f time yu spend seeing friends face-t-face and exercising — tw activities reliably linked t greater happiness."
Lking at histrical trends frm the same age grups since the 1990s, it's easy t find that the increase f screen devices ver time happened at the same time as a general drp-ff in reprted happiness in U. S. teens. Specifically, yung pepled life satisfactin and happiness declined sharply after 2012. That's the year when the percentage f Americans wh wned a smartphne rse abve 50 percent. By far the largest change in teens' lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amunt f time they spent n digital media, and the fllwing decline in in-persn scial activities and sleep.
（1） Which methd did Twenge's team use fr the study?
（2） Hw des the authr develp the finding f the study in paragraph 3?
（3） What is the purpse f the last paragraph?
（4） Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
(8)
(2023八下·德惠期末) 阅读理解
Art therapy (治疗) invlves the use f creative techniques such as drawing, painting, clring, r sculpting t help peple express themselves artistically and examine the psychlgical and emtinal undertnes. With the guidance f an art therapist, clients car "decde" the nnverbal messages in these art frms, which lead t a better understanding f their feelings and behavir s they can reslve deeper issues.
Art therapy helps peple explre their emtins, relieve stress. imprve symptms f anxiety and depressin, and cpe with a physical illness r disability. N artistic talent is necessary fr art therapy t succeed, because the therapeutic prcess is nt abut the artistic value f the wrk, but rather abut finding assciatins between the creative chices made and a client's inner life. The artwrk can be used as a springbard fr reawakening memries and telling stries that may reveal messages and beliefs frm the uncnscius mind
As with any frm f therapy, yur first sessin will cnsist f yur talking t the therapist abut why yu want t find help and learning what the therapist has t ffer Tgether, yu will cme up with a treatment plan that invlves creating sme frm f artwrk. Once yu begin creating, the therapist may, at times, simply bserve yur prcess as yu wrk, withut interrupting. When yu have finished a piece f artwrk—and smetimes while yu are still wrking n it-the therapist will ask yu questins f hw yu feel abut the artistic prcess, what is easy r difficult abut creating yur artwrk, and what thughts r memries yu might have had while yu are wrking. Generally, the therapist will ask abut yur experience and feelings befre prviding any bservatins.
Art therapy is funded n the belief that self-expressin thrugh artistic creatin has therapeutic value fr thse wh are healing r seeking deeper understanding f themselves and their persnalities. Art therapists are trained t understand the rles that varius art media like clr can play in the therapeutic prcess and hw these tls can help reveal ne's thughts, feelings, and psychlgical dispsitin.
（1） What is the authr's main purpse in writing the text?
（2） Which f the fllwing matters least in the therapeutic prcess?
（3） What des the art therapist's cnclusin mainly depend n?
（4） What can we infer frm the last paragraph?
(9)
(2021·承德模拟) 阅读理解
Extreme athletes have been using wingsuits (翼装) t fly fr many years. Hwever, the pull f gravity makes it impssible t speed up r fly higher. T push past the limitatins, Peter Salzmann teamed up with German car maker BMW. The result is an electrified wingsuit, which allws flyers t rise t higher altitudes at the speed f up t 186 miles per hur!
The 33-year-ld prfessinal wingsuit pilt first thught f creating the design in 2017, "At the time, I was develping suits fr skydiving with a friend," he explains. "One evening after a day f testing, we threw ut lts f ideas abut hw we culd imprve perfrmance. One f them was a supprting mtr-and it's an idea I just culdn't shake ff. I fund the idea f being able t jump frm my lcal muntain wearing the wingsuit and land in my garden exciting."
T help with the prcess, Salzmann reached ut t the experts at BMW's Designwrks Studi. It tk the team three years and multiple test jumps t perfect the design. The result is an updated versin f wingsuit with tw 5-inch prpellers (螺旋桨), Pwered by a battery, the prpellers can be cntrlled using an n/ff switch and even stpped mid-flight using the emergency buttn, if the flyer encunters an airplane r a flck f birds.
On Nvember 6, 2020, Salzmann, wearing his hi-tech suit, leaped frm a helicpter frm an altitude f 10,000 feet t sar arund the muntain peaks. The expert pilt fired up the electric mtrs and rcketed frward, gliding abve fur muntain peaks. The task cmpleted, the pilt pened his parachute (降落伞) and gently landed.
It is unclear if Salzmann and BMW plan t make the electrified wingsuits available t the general public. But, ne can always hpe!
（1） What d we knw abut the new wingsuit?
（2） What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
（3） What can the flyer d t deal with the danger during the flight?
（4） What des the underlined wrd "sar" in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
(10)
(2022高三上·伊宁月考) 阅读理解
During the COVID-19 pandemic, technlgies are playing a crucial rle in keeping ur sciety functinal in a time f lckdwns and quarantines (封锁和隔离). And remte wrk may have a lng-lasting impact beynd COVID-19.
Many cmpanies have asked emplyees t wrk frm hme. Remte wrk is enabled by technlgies including virtual private netwrks（VPNs）, vice ver internet prtcls' (VIPs), virtual meetings, clud technlgy, wrk cllabratin tls and even facial recgnitin technlgies that enable a persn t appear befre a virtual backgrund t preserve the privacy f the hme. In additin t preventing the spread f viruses, remte wrk als saves cmmute time and prvides mre flexibility.
Yet remte wrk als impses challenges t emplyers and emplyees. Infrmatin security, privacy and timely tech supprt can be big issues. Remte wrk can als cmplicate labr law issues, such as thse assciated with prviding a safe wrk envirnment and incme tax issues. Emplyees may experience lneliness and lack f wrk-life balance. If remte wrk becmes mre cmmn after the COVID-19 pandemic, emplyers may decide t reduce rents and hire peple frm regins with cheaper labr csts.
Laws and regulatins must be updated t accmmdate remte wrk, and further psychlgical studies need t be cnducted t understand the effect f remte wrk n peple.
Further, nt all jbs can be dne frm hme, which creates disparity. Accrding t the US Bureau f Labr Statistics, abut 25% f wage and salary wrkers wrked frm hme at least ccasinally frm 2017 t 2018. Wrkers with cllege educatins are at least five times mre likely t have jbs that allw them t wrk frm hme cmpared with peple with high schl diplmas. Sme prfessins, such as medical services and manufacturing, may nt have the ptin at all. Plicies with respect t data flws and taxatin wuld need t be adjusted shuld the vlume f crss-brder digital services rise significantly.
（1） Why is remte wrk especially imprtant during COVID-19?
（2） What is the purpse f the third and furth paragraphs?
（3） The underlined wrd in the last paragraph can be replaced by ________.
（4） What is the authr's tne when talking abut remte wrk?