2024北京高考冲刺英语大刷题之常考阅读理解部分（五）

这是一份2024北京高考冲刺英语大刷题之常考阅读理解部分（五），共22页。

(2021高一上·龙江期中) 阅读理解
Any freigner wh has tried t learn Chinese can tell hw hard it is t master the tnes required t speak and understand. And anyne wh has tried t learn t play the vilin r ther instruments can reprt similar challenges.
Nw researchers have fund that peple with musical training have an easier time learning Chinese. Writing in the nline editin f Nature Neurscience，researchers frm Nrthwestern University say that bth skills draw n the same parts f the brain that help peple discver changes in pitch(音调).
One f the study's authrs，Nina Kraus，said the findings suggested that studying music "actually tunes ur sensry system" .This means that schls that want children t d well in languages shuld hesitate befre cutting music prgrams，Dr. Kraus said. She said music training might als help children with language prblems.
Mandarin(普通话)speakers have been shwn t have a mre cmplex encding(编码) f pitch patterns in their brains than English speakers d. This is because in Mandarin and ther Asian languages，pitch plays a central rle. A singlesyllable wrd can have several meanings depending n hw it is intned.
Fr this study，the researchers lked at 20 nnChinese speaking vlunteers，half with n musical backgrund and half wh have studied an instrument fr at least six years.
As they were shwn a mvie，the vlunteers als heard an audi tape f the Mandarin wrd “mi” in three f its meanings: squint，bewilder and rice. The researchers recrded activities in their brain stems t see hw well they were prcessing the sunds. Thse with a music backgrund shwed much mre brain activities in respnse t the Chinese sunds.
The lead authr f the study，Patrick C.M. Wng，said it might wrk bth ways. It appears that native speakers f tnal languages may d better at learning instruments.
（1） When learning Chinese，a freigner will find ________.
（2） Why des Chinese learning have smething t d with music training?
（3） The underlined wrd “intned” in the furth paragraph can be replaced by the wrd "____".
（4） What wuld be the best title fr this passage?
(2)
(2020高三下·成都月考) 阅读理解
Time Travel
If yu culd travel in time, where wuld yu g? Perhaps yu wuld watch an riginal perfrmance f a Shakespeare's play in Elizabethan England? What abut hanging ut with Lazi in the Spring and Autumn Perid? Or maybe yu'd vyage far ahead f the present day t see what the future hlds.
The pssibility f time travel is indeed appealing. Stries explring the subject have been arund fr hundreds f years. Perhaps the best knwn example is science fictin nvel. The Time Machine, which was written by H.G. Wells and published in 1895 fr the first time. It was adapted int at least tw feature films f the same name, as well as tw televisin versins, and a large number f cmic bk adaptatins. It is generally credited with the ppularizatin f the cncept f time travel using a vehicle that allws an peratr t travel purpsefully and selectively. The term "time machine", cined by Wells, is nw universally used t refer t a vehicle transprting peple int the far future.
But culd time travel actually be pssible? Sme scientists say yes, in thery. They prpse using cracks in time and space called “wrmhles”, which culd be used as shrtcuts t ther perids. Einstein's thery f relativity allws time travel in extreme circumstances. And British physicist Stephen Hawking says yu culd travel int the future with a really fast spaceship ging at nearly the speed f light. Thugh building such a spaceship wuld f curse be n simple task.
Even if yu culd travel int the past, there is smething called the “grandfather paradx”. It asks what wuld happen if a time traveler were t g back in time and have his wn grandfather killed fr sme reasn, and therefre prevent himself frm being brn. If the time traveler wasn't brn, hw wuld he travel back in time?
And wuld yu really like t visit the future? In H.G. Wells' bk, the main character travels int distant time where he arrives at a beach and is attacked by giant crabs. He then vyages 30 millin years int the future where the nly living thing is a black bject with tentacles(触角).
If that's what's in stre, maybe we are better just living in the present day after all.
（1） The nvel The Time Machine mentined in Paragraph 2 aims t shw ______.
（2） Einstein's and Hawking's theries _____.
（3） In Paragraph 4, “grandfather paradx” prbably refers t the idea that ______.
（4） Accrding t the passage, what is prbably the authr's attitude twards time travel?
(3)
(2020·定远模拟) 阅读理解
Turism is ften abut seeking deeper emtinal and persnal cnnectins with the wrld arund us. Nt all travel experiences, hwever, need t take place in the real wrld. With the evlutin f virtual reality (VR) technlgy, turism will increasingly becme a cmbinatin f physical and virtual wrlds. VR may even remve the need t travel entirely.
But can a VR experience really equal a real wrld ne? Many experts believe it can. Studies have shwn that ur brains have an inbuilt VR-like mechanism that enables us t live imagined experiences. Much f ur waking life is spent thinking abut either the past r the future. This is knwn as" mind wandering". During these events we're nt paying attentin t the current wrld arund us. Instead, we're recalling memries, r creating and prcessing imagined futures.
When engaged in mind wandering, ur brains prcess these mental images using the same pathways used t receive inputs frm the real wrld. S, the imagined past r future can create emtins and feelings similar t hw we react t everyday life. VR can create these same feelings.
While critics might argue that a virtual experience will never match reality, there are several ways VR turism culd make a psitive cntributin. Firstly it culd help prtect sensitive lcatins frm ver-turism. In recent years famus sites such as Maya Bay in Thailand, and Cambdia's Angkr Wat Temples have had t limit the number f visitrs because f their negative impact. These places are nw prducing their wn VR experiences that will allw turists t pass thrugh virtual mdels f the sites.
Virtual reality may als allw peple back in time, t experience histrical events, visit ancient cities, and even t walk amng dinsaurs.
Finally, in a wrld where many peple suffer frm stress and depressin due t verwrk, virtual turism may prvide a cheap and cnvenient way fr peple t take brief hlidays t therwise unreachable destinatins and recharge their batteries, withut ever leaving their hmes.
It sunds like science fictin but it's already happening. As virtual technlgy imprves and as peple cntinue t demand new and interesting experiences, expect mre virtual turism, bth in cmbinatin with the real wrld and instead f it.
（1） What is driving the develpment f virtual turism?
（2） Which f the fllwing best describes "mind wandering"?
（3） What des the underlined wrd "it" in the last paragraph refer t?
（4） What is the purpse f the passage?
(4)
(2021高三上·湖北月考) 阅读理解
LOS ANGELES, Nv. 12 (Xinhua)—Legendary cmic bk writer Stan Lee has died at the age f 95, accrding t media reprts n Mnday.
Lee, brn in Stanley Lieber n Dec. 28, 1922, began his career in 1939 and jined the Marvel Cmics in 1961.
He is cnsidered as ne f the mst legendary names in the histry f cmic bks and the leading creative frce behind the rise f Marvel Cmics. He c-created icnic fictinal characters such as Spider-Man, X-Men, the Avengers, and many mre.
Lee's characters ften have super pwers, but they als have weaknesses. They were humans, nt gds. They nt nly struggled t save the wrld, but als t pay their bills, make friends, and hld jbs. This made Marvel cmic bk heres stand apart frm its cmpetitr DC, which prduced the seemingly perfect heres like Superman and Wnder Wman. Thse superheres have been adapted int blckbuster films, mst f which were made after Disney acquired Marvel in a 4-billin-dllar deal in 2009.
In a statement, Bb Iger, chairman and CEO f the Walt Disney Cmpany said Stan Lee was as extrardinary as the characters he created.
Marvel als praised Lee n its website by putting n ne f Lee's famus qutes, which ges, "I used t be embarrassed because I was just a cmic-bk writer while ther peple were building bridges r ging n t medical careers. And then I began t realize: entertainment is ne f the mst imprtant things in peple's lives. Withut it, they might g ff the deep end. I feel that if yu're able t entertain, yu're ding a gd thing. "
Praise frm his Hllywd peers and clleagues was generus. President f Marvel Studis Kevin Feige appreciated Lee's unparalleled impact n the industry. "N ne has had mre f an impact n my career than Stan Lee, " Feige said. "Our thughts are with his family and the millins f fans wh have been frever tuched by Stan's genius, charisma and heart. "
（1） Hw d Lee's characters differ frm thse f DC?
（2） We can learn frm Lee's statement in Paragraph 6 that ________.
（3） Accrding t the passage, we culd knw that ________.
（4） What can be the best title fr the passage?
(5)
(2020高三上·哈尔滨期末) 阅读理解
Experts like t say the best frm f exercise is whatever kind yu'll actually d. But that may nt always be the case; new research finds that peple wh cmbine exercise with their scial lives may be at an advantage ver slitary（独自） exercisers. Tennis, badmintn and sccer are all better fr lngevity(长寿) than cycling, swimming, jgging r gym exercise, accrding t the research.
The study was based n data frm abut 8,500 adults wh were part f the Cpenhagen City Heart Study. They cmpleted a health and lifestyle questinnaire, which included questins abut type and frequency f physical activity, and were mnitred by the researchers fr arund 25 years, a perid during which abut 4,500 f the subjects died.
Tennis came ut n tp in the research. Cmpared with peple sitting all day, thse wh reprted playing tennis as their main frm f exercise culd expect t add 9.7 years t their life time, fllwed by badmintn (6.2 years), sccer (4.7 years), cycling (3.7 years), swimming (3.4 years), jgging (3.2 years) and health-club activities (1.5 years).
Tennis likely tk the tp spt because "it's very interactive," says study c-authr Dr. James O'Keefe, a physician at Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute. "At every pint yu're talking. It's just a very natural way t emtinally bnd with peple, besides getting yur exercise." But he adds that the study may nt have been able t fully accunt fr the fact that wealthier, better-educated peple—wh tend t be healthier t begin with—may be mre likely t play tennis.
Activities like running and weight lifting still extend yur life and ffer plenty f ther health benefits. But fr the best pssible benefits, O'Keefe says gym-gers may want t cnsider cmbining thse wrkuts with activities that fster scial cnnectin.
O'Keefe, whse exercise typically includes running and weight lifting, says he's even changed his wn behavir because f the study: he and his family have taken up badmintn.
"Yu can't play badmintn withut feeling like a kid again," he says. "It's just pure fun."
（1） Which f the fllwing is best fr living a lng life?
（2） Hw many peple were still living at the end f the research?
（3） What matters mst t the result f the research?
（4） What des O'Keefe d after the finding?
(6)
(2023四上·大丰期末) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
In 1812, the year Charles Dickens was brn, there were 66 nvels published in Britain. Peple had been writing nvels fr a century—mst experts date the first nvel t Rbinsn Cruse in 1719—but nbdy wanted t d it prfessinally. The steam-pwered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy（识字） rate in England was under 50%. Many wrks f fictin appeared withut the names f the authrs, ften with smething like "By a lady." Nvels, fr the mst part, were lked upn as silly, immral, r just plain bad.
In 1870, when Dickens died, the wrld murned him as its first prfessinal writer and publisher, famus and belved, wh had led an explsin in bth the publicatin f nvels and their readership and whse characters — frm Oliver Twist t Tiny Tim— were held up as mral tuchstnes. Tday Dickens' greatness is unchallenged. Remving him frm the panthen（名人堂） f English literature wuld make abut as much sense as the Luvre selling ff the Mna Lisa.
Hw did Dickens get t the tp? Fr all the feelings readers attach t stries, literature is a numbers game, and the test f time is extremely difficult t pass. Sme 60,000 nvels were published during the Victrian age, frm 1837 t 1901; tday a casual reader might be able t name a half-dzen f them. It's partly true that Dickens' style f writing attracted audiences frm all walks f life. It's partly that his writings rde a wave f scial, plitical and scientific prgress. But it's als that he rewrte the culture f literature and put himself at the center. N ne will ever knw what mix f talent, ambitin, energy and luck made Dickens such a singular writer. But as the 200th anniversary f his birth appraches, it is pssible — and imprtant fr ur wn culture—t understand hw he made himself a lasting ne.
（1） Which f the fllwing best describes British nvels in the 18th century?
（2） Dickens is cmpared with the Mna Lisa in the text t stress________.
（3） What is the authr's purpse in writing the text?
(7)
(2018高三上·西安期中) 阅读理解
It's 3 'clck and yu've been hard at wrk. As yu sit at yur desk, a strng desire fr chclate vercmes yu. Yu try t busy yurself t make it g away. But it desn't. Here is anther situatin. Perhaps yu are nt feeling well. The nly thing yu want t eat is a big bwl f chicken sup, like yur mm used t make when yu were sick as a child. Fd cravings are a strng desire fr a specific type f fd. And they are nrmal.
Scientists at the website Hw Stuff Wrks cmpare hunger and cravings this way. Hunger is a fairly simple cnnectin between the stmach and the brain. They even call it simply “stmach hunger.” When ur stmachs burn up all f the fd we have eaten, a hrmne (荷尔蒙) sends a message t ne part f the brain fr mre fd, which regulates ur mst basic bdy functins such as thirst, hunger and sleep. The brain then prduces a chemical t start the appetite and yu eat. Hunger is a functin f survival.
A craving is mre cmplex. It activates (使活跃) brain areas related t emtin, memry and reward. These are the same areas f the brain activated during drug-craving studies. S, sme scientists call fd cravings “mind hunger.” Peple ften crave fds that are high in fat and sugar. Fds that are high in fat r high in sugar prduce chemicals in the brain. These chemicals give us feelings f pleasure.
In a 2007 study, researchers at Cambridge University fund that “dieting r restricted eating generally increases the pssibility f fd craving.” S, the mre yu deny yurself a fd that yu want, the mre yu may crave it. Hwever, fasting is a bit different. They fund that eating n fd at all fr a shrt perid f time lessened fd cravings.
S, the next time yu crave smething very specific, knw that yur brain may be mre t blame than yur stmach.
（1） What is the functin f the first paragraph?
（2） What d we learn abut fd craving?
（3） What's the likely result f dieting?
（4） What des the passage mainly discuss?
(8)
(2020高三上·广州月考) 阅读理解
The idea f being able t walk n water has lng interested humans greatly. Sadly, bilgical facts prevent us ever accmplishing such a thing withut artificial aid—we simply weigh t much, and all ur mass pushes dwn thrugh ur relatively small feet, resulting in a lt f pressure that makes us sink.
Hwever, several types f animals can walk n water. One f the mst interesting is the cmmn basilisk Basilicus basilicus, a lizard (蜥蜴)native t Central and Suth America. It can run acrss water fr a distance f several meters, aviding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water's surface with its feet. The lizard will take as many as 20 steps per secnd t keep mving frward. Fr humans t d this, we，d need huge feet that we culd bring up t ur ears in rder t create adequate w hitting.
But frtunately there is an alternative : crnflur. By adding enugh f this cmmn thickening agent t water (and it des take a lt), yu can create a “nn-Newtnian” liquid that desn't behave like nrmal water. Nw, if the surface f the water is hit hard enugh, particles(粒子）in the water grup tgether fr a mment t make the surface hard. Mve quickly enugh and put enugh frce int each step, and yu really can walk acrss the surface f an adequately thick Liquid f crnflur.
Fun thugh all this may sund, it's still rather messy and better read abut in thery than carried ut in practice. If yu must d it, then keep the water wings handy in case yu start t sink--and take a shwer afterward!
（1） Walking n water hasn't becme a reality mainly because humans______.
（2） What d we knw abut Basilicus basilicus frm the passage?
（3） What is the functin f the crnflur accrding t the passage?
（4） What is the authr's attitude tward the idea f humans' walking n water?
(9)
(2018高二上·华安期末) 阅读理解
Welcme t yur future life!
Yu get up in the mrning and lk int the mirrr. Yur face is firm and yung-lking. In 2035, medical technlgy is better than ever. Many peple yur age culd live t be 150, s at 40, yu're nt ld at all. And yur parents just had an anti-aging(抗衰老的) treatment. Nw, all three f lk the same age!
Yu say t yur shirt, “Turn red.” It changes frm blue t red. In 2035, “smart clthes” cntain particles(粒子) much smaller than the cells in yur bdy. The particles can be prgrammed t change clthes' clr r pattern.
Yu walk int the kitchen. Yu pick up the milk, but a vice says,“ Yu shuldn't drink that!” Yur fridge has read the chip (芯片) that cntains infrmatin abut the milk , and it knws the milk is ld . In 2035, every article f fd in the grcery stre has such a chip.
It's time t g t wrk. In 2035, cars drive themselves. Just tell yur “smart car” where t g. On the way, yu can call a friend using yur jacket sleeve. Such “smart technlgy” is all arund yu.
S will all these things cme true? “Fr new technlgy t succeed,” says scientist Andrew Zlli ,”it has t be s much better that it replaces what we have already.” The Internet is ne example—what will be the next?
（1） We can learn frm the text that in the future__________.
（2） What can be inferred frm Paragraph 4?
（3） Which f the fllwing is mentined in the text?
（4） What is the text mainly abut?