译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册UNIT1教学知识细解码学案

这是一份译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册UNIT1教学知识细解码学案，共12页。
1．critic n．批评家；评论家，评论员→critical adj.批评的，批判性的；关键的；危急的→criticize v．批评，指责→criticism n．批评，批判；责备，指责2．extend vi.& vt.延伸(距离)；扩大；延长；伸展→extension n．延长；延伸→extensive adj.广阔的，广大的，大量的3．construct vt.修建；建造→construction n．建筑，建造；建造物4．minor adj.轻微的，次要的→minority n．少数；少数派；少数人5．investigate vt.& vi.侦查，调查；研究→investigation n．调查；研究6．contradict vt.相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥→contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的7．conclude v．断定，推断出，得出结论；(使)结束，终止→conclusion n．结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成8．accurate adj.正确无误的；精确的→accurately adv.准确地；精确地；如实地→accuracy n．准确(性)；精确(程度)9．commit vt.犯(罪)；承诺，保证；花(钱或时间) vi.全心全意投入，忠于→committed adj.尽心尽力的→commitment n．献身，投入；承诺，许诺；花费10．curious adj.好奇的→curiosity n．好奇心，求知欲；奇物，珍品→curiously adv.好奇地1．trap vt. 使落入险境；卡住，绊住 n. 陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境，牢笼①She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it. 圈套②The only thing the wolf could do was climbing up to the ground from the trap. 陷阱③Some miners were trapped underground after the collapse. 使落入险境2．release vt. 发布；释放；松开；发泄 n. 释放；发行；排放，泄漏①She can expect an early release from prison. 释放②The new software is planned for release in April. 发行③He just needed to release his stress. 发泄3．false adj. 错误的，不真实的；非天生的；假的，伪造的；不真诚的①She gave false information to the insurance company. 错误的，不真实的②She flashed him a false smile of congratulation. 不真诚的③Here is money and false identification. 假的，伪造的4．sum vt. 总结，概括 n. 金额，款项；总和，总数；全部①As the sum is large，it must be provided by a group of banks. 金额，款项②When you add all the figures together，the sum is 100. 总和，总数③We can sum up the main point of the lesson in three sentences. 总结，概括 eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) 　trap vt. 使落入险境；卡住，绊住 n. 陷阱，罗网；圈套；困境，牢笼[例]Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.一些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。[归纳拓展](1)trap sb.into (doing)sth. 使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套； 诱骗某人(做)某事be/become/get trapped in 被困在……中(2)fall into a trap 落入陷阱/圈套set/lay a trap for 为……设圈套[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①The shopkeeper trapped me into buying (buy) his poor quality milk.②Once you fall into a trap，it will not be easy to get out of it.③他觉得自己是中了圈套才接受这合同条款的。He felt he had been trapped into accepting the terms of the contract. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) 　extend vi.& vt. 延伸(距离)；扩大；延长；伸展[例]The road builders worked hard to extend the highway.筑路工人努力拓展公路。[归纳拓展](1)extend from...to... 从……延伸到……extend out 伸出extend through... 贯穿……；达到整个……的长度(2)extension n. 电话分机；扩大；延伸[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①The tourist season extends from May to October.②The girls competed for it，their hands extended out into air.③Take off extension and the legs should be fully extended on top of the jump.(extend)④8月末，该禁令延展至2022年年底。Later in August，the ban was extended through the end of 2022. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) 　construction n. 建筑，建造；建造物[例]Historically，Chinese immigrants settled in the area during the railroad construction and gold rush period.历史上，中国移民在铁路建设和淘金热时期定居于此。[归纳拓展](1)under construction 在建造中(2)construct vt. 建设；修建construct sth.from/of sth. 用……修建……[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The construction (construct)work of the theatre is supposed to be completed within the year.②To construct (construct)a working still，use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep.③The two new hotels are under construction. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) 　come about发生[例]How did it come about that he had lost his important papers?他是怎么弄丢重要文件的？[归纳拓展]come across (偶然)遇见；发现come to 苏醒；总计；达到come to life 苏醒过来；变得活跃；振作起来come to light 显露，为大家所周知come up 走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出； (太阳、月亮等)升起come up with 想出；提出[即学即练]　单句语法填空①I hope you can come up with a better plan than this.②The sensitive subject can't come up at work.③Perhaps I shall come across him in France.④The shoes and books which I bought last week came to $120. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点5) 　contradict vt. 相矛盾，相反；反驳，驳斥[例]What you said and what you did contradict each other.你说的话和你的所作所为相互矛盾。[归纳拓展](1)contradict oneself 自相矛盾contradict each other 相互矛盾(2)contradiction n. 矛盾，不一致；反驳，驳斥in contradiction to 与……相反/对立(3)contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的be contradictory to 与……矛盾/对立[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①His public speeches are in direct contradiction (contradict) to his personal lifestyle.②The speaker got confused and started contradicting himself (he).③The prisoner's statements were contradictory to the one he'd made earlier.④目击者的说法相互矛盾，真相依然不清楚。The statements of the witness contradict each other and the facts remain unclear. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点6) 　differ vi. 相异；意见相左[例]The twin brothers are alike in appearance but differ greatly in character.这对孪生兄弟外貌很相像，但性格有很大差异。[归纳拓展](1)differ in 在……方面不同differ from 与……不同(2)difference n. 不同之处make a difference 起作用；有影响(3)different adj. 不同的be different from...in... 在……方面与……不同(4)differently adv. 不同地[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①Old English is different from the English we speak now.②As we have communication with foreigners，we should pay more attention to the differences (differ) in our body language.③It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently (differ).④这项建议在许多方面与上次的不同。This proposal differs from the last one in many respects． eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点7) 　conclusion n. 结论，推论；结束，结果；签订，达成[例]Many students are in favour of the conclusion because it's of great benefit to us.许多同学支持这个结论，因为它对我们是非常有益的。[归纳拓展](1)come to/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论in conclusion 总而言之(2)conclude vt.& vi. 断定，推断出；达成，订立； (使)结束，终止conclude eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth.（from sth.）　 （从……中）,（from sth.）that...　　 推断出……)) conclude sth. eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(with sth.,by doing sth.))  以……结束……to conclude 最后[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①When the group discussion is nearing its end，be sure to conclude it with important points.②In conclusion，walking is a cheap，safe，enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.③It's hardly an obvious conclusion (conclude) that this is a good way to survive.④我从我自己的经历中得出结论：患难见真情。I drew a conclusion from my own experiences that/concluded from my own experiences that a friend in need is a friend indeed. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点8) 　sum vt. 总结，概括 n. 金额，款项；总和，总数；全部[例]Use your notes to write your introduction and sum up how you feel about this person.用笔记写下你的介绍，总结一下你对这个人的看法。[归纳拓展](1)sum up 总结，概括to sum up(＝ on the whole) 总的来说in sum 总之；总而言之a large sum of 一大笔；大量的(2)summary n. 总结，摘要，概要[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①We can start the habit by writing a learning summary (sum) and remember to record something impressive and meaningful.②To sum up，the number of the people who drive after drinking is smaller and smaller.③总之，为了心脏健康，你必须经常锻炼并戒烟。In a word/In conclusion/In short/In brief/To sum up，for a healthy heart you must take regular exercise and stop smoking. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点9) 　accurate adj. 正确无误的；精确的[例]Journalists are not always accurate in what they write.新闻工作者的报道并非总是准确的。[归纳拓展](1)be accurate in 在……方面准确无误to be accurate 精确地说(用作插入语)(2)accurately adv. 精确地，准确地(3)accuracy n. 精确；准确with accuracy 精确地，准确地[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①He passes the ball with unerring accuracy.②It was impossible for such a little child to state the accident accurately (accurate).③I have been convinced that the print media are usually more accurate (accurate)and more reliable than television.④我们希望更准确地预测地震。We hope to become more accurate in predicting earthquakes. eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点10) 　committed adj. 尽心尽力的[例]I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.那时我发现，只要我全身心投入，决不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道。[归纳拓展](1)be committed to 致力于(2)commit vt. 承诺；保证，犯(罪)vi. 全身心投入，忠于commit sb./oneself to do/doing 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议 或安排等)commit to sb./sth. 忠于(某人、机构等)； 全心全意、投入(工作、活动等)commit suicide/a crime/murder 自杀/犯罪/谋杀(3)commitment n. 承诺，许诺；献身，投入；花费make a commitment 作出承诺[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment (commit).②The contract commits him to playing/play (play)for the team for the next three years.③双方承诺和平解决争端。Both sides committed themselves to settle the dispute peacefully. eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式1) 　be about to do...when... 正打算做……这时……(教材原句P2) I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking.我正要洗澡，突然听到人们尖叫和狗吠。[句式分析]　Sb.be about to do...when... 某人正打算做……这时……，句中when作并列连词，连接两个并列分句。[例]I was about to give up when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.我正要放弃的时候，父亲过来鼓励我继续前行。[归纳拓展]when作并列连词时还常用于以下句型：Sb.had just done sth.when... 某人刚做完某事，这时(突然)……Sb.be doing...when... 某人正在……这时……Sb.was on the point of doing sth.when... 某人正要做某事，这时(突然)……[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①I was driving(drive)down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.②Mrs Woo said that her husband had just left for work when she felt (feel) that her house was moving.③I was about to leave when the owner of the shop waved at me.④我们刚要出发，天就开始下雨了。We were about to start/were on the point of leaving when it began to rain. eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式2) 　it用作形式主语(教材原句P3)It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities，which would influence how they report an event.值得注意的是，记者是有不同优先权的，这会影响他们报道一件事。[句式分析]　该句属于“It ＋ be ＋ n．/adj.＋ (for/of sb.)to do sth.”句型，其中it为形式主语，不定式短语作句子真正的主语。[例1]It's too hard for me to persuade her to come with us tomorrow.说服她明天跟我们一块来对我来说太难。[例2]It's thoughtless of you to do so.你这样做真是太不懂事了。[归纳拓展](1)It＋be＋adj.＋(for sb.)＋ to do sth.(某人)做某事是……当作表语的形容词(easy，hard，difficult，important等)说明不定式行为的性质和特点时，常用“for sb.”引出不定式的逻辑主语。(2)It＋be＋adj.＋(of sb.)＋ to do sth.(某人)做某事是……当作表语的形容词(kind，nice，good等)说明不定式的逻辑主语的性格和品行时， 常用“of sb.”引出不定式的逻辑主语。[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①It is a great honour for me to be asked to speak here.②How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance.③It is bad manners to leave (leave)your food on the plate in some countries.④Since I wasn't close to the shore，it would have been a tiring exercise to swim against the wind.⑤对于大学生来说，独立思考、独立生活是很重要的。It's very important for college students to think and live independently. eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式3) 　while表示对比，引导并列句(教材原句P3)We can see that the first news report pays more attention to the rescue efforts，while the second talks more about deaths and injuries.我们可以看到，第一篇新闻报道更多地关注救援工作，而第二篇则更多地谈论伤亡的人。[句式分析]　句中while意为“但是；可是，而”，表示对比，引导并列句。[例]The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.教练能够把注意力集中在孩子们身上，而其他父母则因为下个赛季不用再操心而松了口气。[归纳拓展]while作连词时的主要用法：(1)“但是；可是”，表示对比，引导并列句。(2)“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。(3)“虽然；尽管”，表示转折，引导让步状语从句。[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①She was cooking(cook) while she was keeping an eye on her baby sleeping in the cradle.②Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park while I had an idea of going to a nicer place.③一些人过着丰衣足食的生活，而另一些人却吃不饱。Some people live in plenty，while others don't have enough to eat．Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Even though we completely differ from each other in character，we are still great friends.2．We desire that immediate help should be given to the local villagers who have been trapped (trap)by the flood.3．It has been calculated that the construction (construct) of the stadium will take two years.4．We are faced with two apparently contradictory (contradict) statements.5．Well，to sum up，what is the message that you are trying to get across?6．We should train our students to speak English fluently and accurately (accurate).7．Our company has a commitment(commit)to quality and customer service.8．I planned an extension (extend) of my holiday.9．I've come to the conclusion(conclude) that he's not the right person for the job.10．Look at the names of the minority (minor) groups on the right.Ⅱ.短语填空dozens of；rely on；come about；sum up；in terms of；for instance；break out；come across；be committed to；more than1．What would you do，for instance，if you found a member of staff stealing?2．The accident was terrible，but nobody knew how it came about．3．In carrying out the plan we came across some difficulties.4．The hand­foot­mouth disease broke out in some places and caused panic among people.5．There are rumors in the air that dozens of people were dead in the fire.6．In my opinion，one's success cannot always be in terms of money.7．His entire school education added up to no more than a year.8．Second，we will be committed to the comprehensive improvement of environmental quality of Beijing.9．Will you please sum up the main ideas of this article?10．Many people now would rely on surfing the Internet rather than read newspaper for news.Ⅲ.选词填空accurate；investigate；commit；to sum up；journalist；curiosity；minor；priority；dozens of；come aboutSo you are interested in becoming a good journalist but don't know where to start? Well, there are a couple of things you should put on your list of 1.priorities.Firstly, you need to be skilled at writing. The information involved in a complex story may come from 2.dozens of sources. Good 3.journalists need to organize all this information clearly to give a(n) 4.accurate account of what is happening. Secondly, you must have a natural 5.curiosity about things that are happening, even though they may appear to be 6.minor matters. When something newsworthy 7.comes about it may escape the attention of ordinary people; however, good journalists are sensitive enough to notice the event and draw public attention to it. Finally, good journalists are 8.committed to revealing the truth. According to Noam Chomsky, “The duty of journalists is to tell the truth. Journalism means you go back to the actual facts, you look at the documents, you discover what the record is, and you report it that way.” To do this, journalists need to 9.investigate an event thoroughly.10．To sum up , being a good journalist requires writing skills, curiosity and commitment to finding the truth. Good luck！教材高考1.Reading news reports critically(2021·全国甲卷)According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5，500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.2.By this time, the fire had extended to the 15th floor.(2021·天津卷)China's National Highway 318, extending over 5，000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.3.I was about to have a bath when I heard people screaming and dogs barking.(2021·天津卷)My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day.4.For instance, the numbers of deaths differ in the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire.(2021·全国乙卷)Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.5.Journalists may choose to present the minimum, the maximum or something in between in their news reports.(2021·浙江1月卷)Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum delay.