译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册UNIT4预习新知早知道1学案

这是一份译林版高中英语选择性必修第二册UNIT4预习新知早知道1学案，共7页。

Ⅰ.匹配词义A．单词匹配(　　)1.massive A．adj. 自主的，有自主权的；自治的(　　)2.network B．adv. 显然，可见(　　)3.finance C．adj. 家庭的，家用的；本国的，国内的(　　)4.autonomous D．n. 偷窃，偷窃罪(　　)5.domestic E．adj. 巨大的，大而重的；非常严重的(　　)6.urge F．n. 数据库(　　)7.apparently G．n. 可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的(　　)8.database H．n. 网络，网状系统； 关系网，人际网；(互联)网络(　　)9.alternative I．vt. 敦促，催促；大力推荐， 竭力主张；驱赶，鞭策(　　)10.theft J．n. 财政，金融；资金；财力， 财务管理 vt. 提供资金[答案]　1－5　EHJAC　6－10　IBFGDB．短语匹配(　　)1.(build)castles in the air A．保护……免受……(　　)2.adjust to B．略举几例(　　)3.put forward C．把……和……相比较(　　)4.to name but a few D．受伤，受损，被害(　　)5.in short E．开始使用(　　)6.fall victim to F．提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前； 将(钟表等)向前拨(　　)7.come into use G．(建)空中楼阁，幻想，空想(　　)8.compare...with... H．强行闯入，撬开；突然开始 (笑，唱、跑)；顺利打入(　　)9.protect...from... I．简而言之；总之(　　)10.break into J．适应；调节[答案]　1－5　GJFBI　6－10　DECAHⅡ.默写单词1．castle n. 城堡2．analyse/analyze vt. 分析3．breakthrough n. 重大进展，突破 adj. 突破性的4．threaten vt. 危及，对……构成威胁；威胁，恐吓5．crime n. 罪，罪行；犯罪活动6．murder vt. & n. 谋杀，凶杀7．warning n. 警告，先兆；警戒8．demand vt. 需要；强烈要求 n. 要求，所需之物；需求，需要9．greedy adj. 贪心的，贪婪的10．recognition n. 识别，认出；承认，认可；赞誉，赏识Ⅰ.语境填空castle；analyse；finance；domestic；pose；warning；recognition；alternative；victim；massive1．A victim is someone who has suffered as a result of someone else's actions or beliefs, or as a result of unpleasant circumstances.2．Domestic duties and activities are concerned with the running of a home and family.3．A warning is something said or written to tell people of a possible danger, problem, or other unpleasant things that might happen.4．Finance is the commercial or government activity of managing money, debt, credit, and investment.5．If something poses a problem or a danger, it is the cause of that problem or danger.6．Something that is massive is very large in size, quantity, or extent.7．A castle is a large building with thick, high walls built by important people, in former times, especially for protection during wars and battles.8．When a person receives recognition for the things that they have done, people acknowledge the value or skill of their work.9．If one thing is an alternative to another, the first can be found, used, or done instead of the second.10．If you analyse something, you consider it carefully or use statistical methods in order to fully understand it.Ⅱ.语法填空之派生词1．Your capacity (capable) for something is your ability to do it, or the amount of it that you are able to do.2．Apparently (apparent) the girls are not at all amused by the whole business.3．An autonomous (autonomy) country, organization, or group governs or controls itself rather than being controlled by anyone else.4．As we all know, New York is also a major international financial (finance) centre.5．On seeing the delicious food, the children fell on it and ate it greedily (greedy).课文助读[1]句子主干为but连接的并列分句。第二个分句主干是dreams may come true, given the rate...为介词短语作条件状语，which引导定语从句修饰the rate。[2]句子主干为One of the aims is to develop computer intelligence, capable of 作定语修饰computer intelligence，后面三个并列的非谓语动词短语作介词宾语。capable of能够； 有……的能力[3]句子主干为approaches have been put forward，to achieve this aim为目的状语，to creating true AI 作定语，including “deep learning”作状语，which引导定语从句，修饰deep learning。put forward提出[4]be around到来，出现[5]make it a reality使成为现实[6]主干为the theory had been explored, before引导时间状语从句， one of...短语是同位语。[7]句子主干是a computer program defeated Ke Jie, named AlphaGo是定语，arguably the best human Go player是同位语，which引导定语从句，which在意义上指代整个主句。[8]recommendation systems个性化推送系统[9]in short简言之[10]at a turning point处于转折点[11]句子主干是these benefits bring concerns and fears, while引导让步状语从句，译为“尽管”，where引导定语从句，修饰a bright future。[12]句子主干是scientists are urging us to think about...，as引导时间状语从句，译为“随着”，posed by短语作定语，修饰the dangers。[13]spell the end of预示……的终结[14]We may think...是句子主干，后跟宾语从句，省略了引导词that，从句使用了形式主语结构，不定式to relax and allow...是真正的主语。破折号后是but连接的并列分句。原文呈现Artificial intelligence：friendly or frightening?Imagine waking up one morning with the option of staying in bed and pressing a button to send a robot to do all the work for you. How cool that would be! It may seem like building castles in the air, but given the rate at which artificial intelligence, or AI, is being developed, in the future such dreams may actually come true．[1]At the basic level, artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to create intelligent machines. One of the essential aims of AI is to develop computer intelligence capable of learning from experience, adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans. [2]To achieve this aim, many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward, including “deep learning”， which enables a machine to improve its own performance by learning from the results of its previous actions．[3] Deep­learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain.The dream of AI has been around[4] for centuries, and the development of computers since the 1940s has finally made it a reality[5]. Years before the term “artificial intelligence” was coined in the mid­1950s, the theory had been explored by Alan Turing, one of the pioneers in the field of computer science.[6] However, for a long time, AI technology developed very slowly. A major breakthrough in AI came in 1997, when Deep Blue, a chess­playing computer, beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov. Then in 2017, a computer program named AlphaGo defeated Ke Jie, arguably the best human Go player, which demonstrated a significant advance in deep­learning AI systems．[7]Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, to name but a few. From autonomous vehicles to domestic robots, from recommendation systems[8] to computers writing novels, AI has an unlimited number of applications. Ordinary people are now using AI to get instant translations of text in foreign languages, and machines can recognize fingerprints and even faces.In short[9], this technology is transforming the way we live. It is clear that we are at a turning point[10] in history. With machines like AlphaGo now capable of thinking and learning from their mistakes, we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines. The question is, where will all this lead? While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future where intelligent robots will be working to our advantage, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears．[11] Could machines really develop human­like intelligence? And what would happen if they did？Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the existence of humans? How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even murdered humans? As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.[12] Stephen Hawking, for example, warned, “The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of[13] the human race.”Apparently, such warnings demand our attention. We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to AI. We may still think it would be fantastic to relax all day and allow autonomous machines to do all the work for us—but perhaps we should not be too greedy and rather be careful what we wish for！[14]译文参考人工智能：友好还是令人恐惧？想象一下，某天早上醒来，你可以选择躺在床上，按下一个按钮，让机器人来为你做所有的工作。那该多酷啊！也许这看上去像建造空中楼阁一样不切实际，但是考虑到目前人工智能(AI)的发展速度，将来这样的梦想真的很可能会实现。在基础层面上，人工智能是计算机科学的一个分支，旨在开发智能机器。人工智能的基本目标之一是开发能够从经验中学习、适应新输入并像人类一样执行任务的计算机智能。为了实现这一目标，人们提出了许多创建真正人工智能的方法，包括“深度学习”，这种方法可以让机器通过学习之前的行动结果来提高自身的性能。深度学习人工智能能够通过多层分析大量数据，模拟人类大脑的复杂网络。人工智能的梦想已经存在了几个世纪，自20世纪40年代以来，计算机的发展终于使它成为现实。“人工智能”这个词在20世纪50年代中期被创造出来的许多年前，计算机科学领域的先驱之一艾伦·图灵就已探索了这一理论。然而，在很长一段时间里，人工智能技术发展非常缓慢。人工智能领域的重大突破出现在1997年，当时“深蓝”，一个下棋机，击败了国际象棋世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫。之后在2017年，一个叫做阿尔法围棋的计算机程序打败了可能是人类最强的围棋棋手柯洁，这是深度学习人工智能系统的一大显著进展。如今，人工智能已经被应用于许多领域：金融、医疗、自然语言处理和艺术等等。从自动驾驶汽车到家用机器人，从推荐系统到电脑写小说，人工智能有着无限的应用。普通人现在可以使用人工智能进行外语文本的即时翻译，计算机可以识别指纹甚至人脸。简而言之，这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。很明显，我们正处在历史的转折点上。现在随着像阿尔法围棋这样能够从错误中思考和学习的机器的出现，我们正越来越接近人和机器之间的分界线。问题是，这一切将走向何方？虽然人工智能爱好者向我们承诺，智能机器人将为我们带来一个光明的未来，但这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了担忧和恐惧。机器真的能开发出类似人的智能吗？如果他们这么做了会怎么样？有思想的机器会和人类一起工作，是否会威胁到人类的生存？如果他们犯罪甚至谋杀人类，他们会受到怎样的惩罚？随着我们变得越来越依赖于电脑，一些科学家正敦促我们思考人工智能发展带来的危险。例如，斯蒂芬 · 霍金曾警告说：“完全人工智能的发展可能意味着人类的终结。”显然，这样的警告需要我们的关注。我们需要确保我们不会成为人工智能的受害者。我们可能仍然会想，一整天放松下来，让自动化机器为我们做所有的工作是很棒的，但也许我们不应该太贪婪，而是要小心我们的愿望！