中考英语阅读理解（六）课件

这是一份中考英语阅读理解（六）课件，共29页。PPT课件主要包含了题型分析，真题实例等内容，欢迎下载使用。
从题型特点入手：首先，可以分析中考英语阅读理解题型的常见特点，包括文章体裁、题目类型、难度分布等。然后，探讨这些特点对学生在答题过程中可能产生的挑战和应对策略。技巧与策略：针对阅读理解题，介绍一些有效的答题技巧和策略，如快速定位关键信息、推断作者意图、理解文章主旨等。同时，分享一些提高阅读速度和准确率的实用方法。题型解析与示例：对中考英语阅读理解中的常见题型进行详细解析，如事实细节题、词义猜测题、推理判断题等。结合具体示例，说明每种题型的答题技巧，帮助学生更好地理解和应用。跨文化理解与素养提升：中考英语阅读理解往往涉及跨文化元素，因此可以从跨文化理解的角度展开写作。探讨如何在阅读理解中提升跨文化素养，如理解不同文化背景下的思维模式、价值观念等。典型错误与原因分析：分析学生在解答中考英语阅读理解题时常见的错误类型，如理解偏差、信息遗漏等。同时，
针对这些错误，分析可能的原因，并提出相应的改进建议。应试心理与调节：中考是一个重要的考试，学生在应试过程中可能会产生紧张、焦虑等情绪。因此，可以从应试心理的角度展开写作，分享一些调节情绪、保持冷静的方法，帮助学生在考试中发挥出最佳水平。课外阅读与积累：强调课外阅读在提高中考英语阅读理解能力方面的重要性。分享一些适合初中生阅读的英文材料，并介绍如何通过阅读积累词汇、提升语感、拓展视野。创新题型与趋势分析：随着教育改革的不断深入，中考英语阅读理解题型也在不断创新。可以从趋势分析的角度展开写作，探讨近年来中考英语阅读理解题型的变化及未来可能的发展趋势。
中考阅读重点考查六种技能：1）理解主旨和要义2）理解文章中的具体信息（含图文转换）3）根据上下文推测生词/句子/指代关系4）进行简单的判断和推理5）理解文章的基本结构6）理解作者的意图和态度
下面就中考中常见的阅读理解题型谈谈解题技巧1. 事实细节题通过阅读短文, 可以直接从阅读材料中找到这类问题的答案, 常考查的方面有事件发生的时间、地点、原因、方式、过程、结局、人物之间的关系、事件之间的关系、词和句的含义等。事实细节题设题手段单一，常常针对文章中某个容易误解的关键词句或概念，通过移花接木的手段组成是非辨别选择题，难度较小，属浅层理解题。
事实细节题题干常见的提问形式：1)是非判断类型Which f the fllwing is NOT mentined in the passage? Which f the fllwing statements is （Nt）True? 2)特殊疑问词提问类型Hw many……?What/wh/when/where/hw/why……?3)排序题类型Which f the rders is crrect accrding t the passage?4)例证题类型The authr gives the example in……paragraph in rder t ……
事实细节题的解题方法：做这类题的一般方法是先要找出题干或是选项中的关键字，一般为数字、大写或人名地名，再通过scanning快速确定该细节在文中的出处(信息源)，仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把A的观点说成B的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。
是非判断一般都遵循对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分，分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。一定要注意的是，要所答是所问，不要受到惯势思维的影响，习惯性地去选择正确的细节事实，切记要弄清问题，不要所答非所问。例证题一定要注意以fr example……，such as……等关键入手处，找出细节出处。排序题要先仔细观察选项，找出首尾相同的选项分组，进而通过具体细节信息比较进行排除和选择。唯一细节题一定要仔细审题，弄清题干所需。特别需要提醒的是，选项中出现有mst (最高级)、the nly(唯一)、all(所有)、nne(全否)修饰的细节，都具有绝对性，选择判断时要慎选。特别注意：近几年中考命题中，事实细节题的选项也并非可以直接在文本中可以找到一模一样的答案，大多是根据意思来分析，需要语言转换、重组、简单概括或简单推断等。
句义理解题句子理解题也叫同义转换题，它主要通过同义转换的方式来考察考生对阅读材料中一些关键词句是如何理解的，试题通过句型转换对短文原句释义，难度可大可小，属于理解题，尤其是在特定语境下对该句子的理解。此类题在近年中考阅读理解题中屡见不鲜，我们重点是应该基于前后的语境，分析该语境的连贯意思。如果是较复杂的句子结构，则首先需要分析该句子结构，再基于语境理解其意。另外，特别需要分析4个选项所表达的意思，分析其侧重点、不同之处，清晰理解他们的意思，再对照文章语境下那个考察句子，哪个选项所表达的意思跟文章那个句子意思一样的。
分析判断题分析判断题要求考生在充分理解短文内容的基础上，对文章的结构特点进行分析，以掌握全篇的逻辑关系。此类题一般都属于难度题，做这类题目时首先要研究文章着重说明什么问题，表达什么观点，这是文章的主题。其次要分析作者运用什么样的情节，故事来表达主题，这为文章的中心大意。另外还应注意作者是如何展开故事情节的，运用的是什么写作方法以及最后是如何得出结论的，这为文章的写作结构和手法。分析判断题一定要基于文章的主题意义、写作意图、作者的观点态度以及文章的结构和写作手法等方面进行分析判断。
Hawaii Vlcanes Natinal Park is a wnderful place t visit. Every year, ver ne millin peple visit Hawai Vlcanes Natinal Park. There are tw f the wrld’s mst amazing vlcanes (火山) in it. One is amng the mst active vlcanes n the earth, the ther is ne f the biggest muntains n the earth. Bth f them are active vlcanes. Every day, n the island f Hawali, lava (熔岩) cmes ut slwly frm a vlcan n the edge (边缘) f the cean. When the lava cls, it turns int rck and makes this island a little bigger. Visitrs can see the land change befre their eyes. There are many interesting things t d in the park. It has lava tubes (隧道) that g t the sea. They are s big that visitrs can walk thrugh them. Yu can drive alng a vlcan r walk mre than 150 miles (241 km) f trails (路径). Biking alng the vlcan’s paths and camping in the rainfrest are als gd chices.
Hawaii Vlcanes Natinal Park is hme t wildlife. There are hundreds f prtected animals, such as turtles, bats, insects, and many kinds f birds. The park als has many prtected plants and trees. Almst all f its plants are fund nly in Hawail. Many plants have lived in and arund the vlcanes fr years. Enjy — but watch yur step! It’s almst impssible t knw when a vlcan will erupt (喷发). Hwever, when the vlcanes pssibly erupt, parts f the park clse. This special park is never quiet fr lng.
26. In the park, visitrs can ________.①drive thrugh lava tubes ②walk mre than 150 miles f trails③bike alng the vlcan’s paths ④camp in the rainfrestA. ①②③B. ②③④C. ①②④D. ①③④27. Which statement is NOT right?A. Visitrs can shw lava makes the island bigger.B. There are many prtected animals in the park.C. Almst all f the plants in the park nly grw in Hawaii.D. The whle park will be clsed if the vlcanes erupt.28. What des the underlined sentence mean?A. The visitrs are nisy.B. Animals are everywhere.C. The vlcanes ften erupt.D. T many cars are in the park.29. The authr wrte the passage mainly t ________.A. tell peple the vlcanes in Hawaii Vlcanes Natinal ParkB. intrduce what peple can d in Hawaii Vlcanes Natinal ParkC. tell peple the wildlife f Hawaii Vlcanes Natinal ParkD. give an intrductin t Hawaii Vlcanes Natinal Park30. The passage is prbably frm ________.A. a nvelB. a magazineC. a strybkD. an advertisement (广告)
【答案】26. B 27. D 28. C 29. D 30. B【解析】【导语】本文主要向大家介绍了夏威夷火山国家公园。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据“They are s big that visitrs can walk thrugh them. Yu can drive alng a vlcan r walk mre than 150 miles (241 km) f trails. Biking alng the vlcan’s paths and camping in the rainfrest are als gd chices.”可知游客能够走150多英里的小路，沿着火山的小径骑自行车，也可以在雨林露营。故选B。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据“Hwever, when the vlcanes pssibly erupt, parts f the park clse.”可知如果火山爆发，公园会关闭一部分，并非整个公园都要关闭。故选D。
【28题详解】句意猜测题。根据“It’s almst impssible t knw when a vlcan will erupt. ... This special park is never quiet fr lng.”可知字面意思是“这个特别的公园从来不会安静太久”，结合上文讲到不可能知道火山爆发的时间，由此推出含义是火山经常喷发。故选C。【29题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要向大家介绍了夏威夷火山国家公园，这也是作者写这篇文章的目的。故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。本文主要向大家介绍了夏威夷火山国家公园，可能出现在一本杂志上。故选B。
Can yu imagine a schl with nly ne student? There is ne n the Out Skerries Islands, and Arn is the nly student. The Out Skerries Islands, which are arund 280 km frm the cast f Sctland, are hme t abut 70 peple. The nearest twn is Lerwick n the Shetland Islands. Yu can nly get there by bat and it takes tw and a half hurs. Besides Arn’s schl, there are als tw shps, a church and a cmmunity hall n the islands. Arn wasn’t the nly student at the schl at first. Until July there were several ther children there. But nw they are lder, s they g t the secndary schl in Lerwick. Aren has been the nly student since September.
The schl is very small. It has tw classrms, an art rm, a music rm and a library. Each week Arn studies Maths, English, Science and Art with the same teacher. She als gives him PE lessns. This is usually a lng walk arund the islands. He als has the schl playgrund all t himself. Of curse, there is ne prblem. He has n ne t play with. Arn has lived in Out Skerries since he was brn and lves the utdr life. He enjys explring (探险) the islands n his bike and jumping int the sea frm the pier (突堤).But his mther is wrried that Arn might get lnely. She wuld like t see mre families with children cming t live there. Many peple have mved away since the lcal factry clsed ten years ag. That’s why there are s few children n the islands and why Arn has fund himself being knwn as the lneliest schlby in Britain.
16. What is NOT true abut the Out Series Islands?A. There is a secndary schl.B. There are less than 100 peple.C. They are far frm the cast f Sctland.D. There was a factry 10 years ag.17. What can we learn abut Arn’s schl?A. It has many classrms.B. There are several students.C. It prbably has nly ne teacher.D. Fur subjects are taught in the schl.18. In his PE class, Arn usually ________.A. walks arund the islandsB. plays n the playgrundC. explres the islands n his bikeD. jumps int the sea frm the pier19. What d yu think Arn is prbably learning at his schl?A Everyne is different and that’s a gd thing.B. Teamwrk is imprtant t achieve things in life.C. It is imprtant t knw hw t spend time alne.D. It’s gd t learn hw t get n with peple f different ages.20. What is the passage mainly abut?A. The smallest schl in Britain.B. The lneliest schlby in Britain.C. Arn’s clrful life n the islands.D. Mm’s wrries abut Arn’s future.
【答案】16. A 17. C 18. A 19. C 20. B【解析】【导语】本文主要讲述了外斯克里群岛只有一个学生的学校，讲述了这种情况的原因，以及这位家长对孩子的担心。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据“But nw they are lder, s they g t the secndary schl in Lerwick.”可知，中学在勒威克，而不是在外斯克里群岛，故选A。【17题详解】推理判断题。根据“Each week Arn studies Maths, English, Science and Art with the same teacher.”可知，每周都跟同一个老师学习数学、英语、科学和艺术，由此可知这个学校可能只有一名老师，故选C。
【18题详解】细节理解题。根据“She als gives him PE lessns. This is usually a lng walk arund the islands.”可知，在体育课上，艾伦通常会绕着岛屿散步，故选A。【19题详解】推理判断题。根据“But his mther is wrried that Arn might get lnely.”及“That’s why there are s few children n the islands and why Arn has fund himself being knwn as the lneliest schlby in Britain.”可知，艾伦是学校唯一一个学生，所以会感到孤单，所以他可能在学校要学着如何独处，故选C。【20题详解】主旨大意题。根据“That’s why there are s few children n the islands and why Arn has fund himself being knwn as the lneliest schlby in Britain.”及全文的描述可知，本文主要讲述了外斯克里群岛只有一个学生的学校，讲述了这种情况的原因，以及这位家长对孩子的担心，“英国最孤独的男生”最能概括本文的主旨大意，故选B。
Dads have Father’s Day. Mms have Mther’s Day. Kids have Children’s Day. But, d ur grandparents have a special hliday? Yes, they d!The Duble Ninth Festival is a special day fr elderly peple in China. The festival is n the ninth day f the ninth mnth f the lunar calendar. As the Chinese wrd fr nine has the same sund as the wrd fr lng, peple take the Duble Ninth Festival t shw their wishes f lng life fr elderly peple.There are many traditins fr this festival. On that day, families get tgether and climb muntains fr luck and in the hpe that elderly peple will live much lnger. They als drink chrysanthemum wine (菊花酒) and wear a plant called zhuyu t celebrate it. Bth chrysanthemum and zhuyu are regarded as clean plants that can clean huses and cure (治疗) diseases.
Respecting elderly peple is shwn nt nly n this special day but als in daily life. Fr example, when an lder persn enters a rm, everyne stands up. When there are several guests at the table, the hst usually intrduces them frm the ldest t the yungest. When a yunger persn is presenting smething t an lder persn, tw hands are used. On a crwded subway r bus, yunger peple always ffer their seats t elderly peple.It is a traditinal virtue (美德) in China t respect elderly peple. That’s because the Chinese knw that elderly peple have knwledge and experience that yung peple can learn frm. S, Chinese peple are prud f being ld. Besides, t respect the elderly peple is t respect yurself tmrrw.
31. The Duble Ninth Festival is a celebratin fr ________.A. fathersB. mthersC. childrenD. elderly peple32. Which f the fllwing may NOT be a traditin fr the Duble Ninth Festival?A. Cleaning huses.B. Wearing the plant zhuyu.C. Drinking chrysanthemum wine.D. Families climbing muntains tgether.33. What is Paragraph 4 abut?A. Why we shuld respect elderly peple.B. Traditinal ways f celebrating the festival.C. What yung peple usually d n this festival.D. Examples f respecting elderly peple in daily life.
34. Which is NOT the crrect way t respect elderly peple?A. We shuld ffer seats t the ld while taking a bus.B. We shuld sit straight when the ld cme int a rm.C. We shuld use duble hands t present things t the ld.D. We shuld intrduce the ldest persn first while eating at the table.35. Why are Chinese peple prud f being ld?A. It means they dn’t have t wrk fr thers.B. It means they have mre virtues than thers.C. It means they have knwledge and experience.D. It means what they did in the past was meaningful.
【答案】31. D 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了重阳节，列举了一些人们在日常生活中尊重老年人的例子，并讲述了尊重老年人是中华民族的一种传统美德。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据“The Duble Ninth Festival is a special day fr elderly peple in China”可知，重阳节是为老年人庆祝的节日。故选D。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据“families get tgether and climb muntains”以及“They als drink chrysanthemum wine (菊花酒) and wear a plant called zhuyu”可知在重阳节这天，家人聚在一起爬山，喝菊花酒并佩戴一种名为“茱萸”的植物；选项A没有提到。故选A。
【33题详解】段落大意题。根据第四段“Respecting elderly peple is shwn nt nly n this special day but als in daily life”可知，第四段主要是一些人们在日常生活中尊重老年人的例子。故选D。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据“when an lder persn enters a rm, everyne stands up”可知当一个老年人走进房间时，每个人都站起来；选项B表示有误。故选B。【35题详解】细节理解题。根据“That’s because the Chinese knw that elderly peple have knwledge and experience that yung peple can learn frm. S, Chinese peple are prud f being ld”可知，中国人知道老年人有见识与经历，所以，中国人以年老荣。故选C。