中考英语阅读理解-词义猜测课件

这是一份中考英语阅读理解-词义猜测课件，共33页。PPT课件主要包含了题型分析，模拟练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。
词义猜测题词义猜测的基本要求和特点所谓词义猜测是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词甚至短语或句子的意义。词义猜测题在中考中一般考一至两道，要求学生在掌握一定的词汇量的基础上，能独立阅读部分生词，理解生词的含义。考察学生通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点对词义作出正确判断的能力。
常见的命题方式1. What des the wrd “_____”in mean?2. It can be inferred（推断，推论）/cncluded（推断） (frm the passage) that the wrd“_____”means wrd （意味，暗示）that _____.4. Which f the fllwing is the clsest meaning f the wrd?5. what d yu think f the expressin _______ stands fr?6. The wrd “_____ ” in the passage prbably means ________.7. In this stry the underlined wrd “ ” means ____
例1.根据释义猜测The small-wrld thery says that everyne in the wrld is cnnected thrugh a shrt chain (链条) f peple they knw. Anther name f this chain is degrees f separatin. Each degree is a step that separates a persn frm smene he r she des nt knw. There are zer degrees f separatin between a persn and the peple he r she knws directly. This means that there are zer degrees between Ben and his mm.What is the meaning f “degrees f separatin” in Paragraph 2?A. The chain t cnnect pepleB. The relatins between pepleC. The steps f knwing strangersD. The separatin between strangers解析：根据anther name f this chain is degrees f separatin.可知这是一个chain,再根据后面的解释可知选项A正确。
例2. 根据同义词和反义词猜测It nt nly spawned ver 104,000 active discussins, but als brught abut care abut what means a healthy bdy image.The underlined wrd spawned in Paragraph 4 prbably means _______.A. led t B. put ut C. talked abut D. lked int解析：根据此句的结构nt nly... but als可知spawned与brught abut同义，bring abut意为“带来”，可推知A选项led t“导致”正确。
例3. 根据构词法猜测 Sme students wh steal essays (论文) whlesale frm the Web, they said, are s lazy they dn’t even bther t take the advertisements ff the cut-and-pasted text.The underlined wrd “whlesale” in the 2nd paragraph pssibly means _____.A. fr sale in large quantitiesB. cmpletely cpying thers’ wrkC. in unlimited amuntsD. in t large numbers frm cutting and pasting解析:whlesale中的whle意为“整个”，可以推知此句是完全剽窃的意思。因此选B。
词义猜测题1.词义猜测题是指在阅读过程中，根据对语篇的信息，逻辑，背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词，难词，关键词的意义。备注：两种方式：（1）猜测单词的中文意思；（2）猜测单词的同义词或者近义词。2.常见设题方式（1）The underlined wrd/ phrase in the passage means _________.（2）The wrd “it/ them” in Para 1/ the first paragraph refers t __________.（3）What des the underlined wrd “…” refers t __________.（4）What’s the meaning f the underline wrd “…”?
答题技巧（1）根据上下文语境猜测词义 例题：Hell, everyne. I’m Gina. I’m a librarian. I wrk in a schl library. It’s 3:30 in the afternn nw. I’m wrking fr the students. Q: The underlined wrd “ librarian” in the passage means ________.A. 校长 B. 图书管理员C. 作家D. 书商答案：B，联系上下文，在学校图书馆工作，应该是图书管理员。（2）根据定义或者释义关系猜测词义利用定义或者释义关系猜测词义，即根据文章上下文，借助定语（从句），表语甚至用逗号，破折号等引出的内容对生词加以解释说明。常用的标志性词汇有：be, mean, refer t, be called, be knwn as, that is, r, in ther wrds等
例题： I ran int my huse quickly t call 119, and then I rang my neighbr’s drbell and kncked at the dr, but there was n respnse. Oh, maybe there was nbdy at hme. I gt int the huse thrugh the windw and fund… Q: The underlined wrd “respnse” can be replaced by _________.A. result B. answer C. questin D. key 答案：B，根据前后文，敲门但是没有回应，可能家里没有人在家，respnse这个单词是“回应”的意思，和answer是同义词。
（3）根据生活常识猜测词义 例题：It was a great way t get his mind ff what he had t d later. As they gt clse t the schl, he culd feel his heart beating. His hands were starting t sweat. He hated this! Q: What des the underlined wrd “sweat” prbably mean?A. 触摸 B. 鼓掌 C. 出汗 D. 指点答案：C，前文说到走进学校的时候，感觉到自己的心跳，根据生活常识紧张的时候心跳得很快，并且会出汗，所以可以推测出这个单词的意思，sweat是“出汗”的意思。
（4）根据对比关系猜测词义在but, hwever, yet, therwise, thugh这些表示意义转折的连词出现的句子中，其前后的词有明显的对比关系，根据已知的内容，通过这种对比关系，很容易猜出生词的词义。例题1：Thugh Tm’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remainsgrubby. Q: What des the underlined wrd “grubby” refer t ?A. 肮脏的 B. 整洁的 C.舒服的 D. 仔细的
词义猜测考察中，常见的提问方式有：①In this passage the underlined wr “×” means ＿＿＿＿. ②The under lined wrd “×”refers t ＿＿＿＿. ③Here “it” means ＿＿＿＿。猜测词义时，可以从以下三个方面考虑：一是根据上下文已知部分进行逻辑上的推测。二是运用语法知识和构词法进行分析。三是依据常识和生活经验做出判断。
指代推断：I went n t have an amazing year studying in England, but that was the last time I saw r spke t any f my uncle's family. Yet when I think abut that terrible lss in 2008, I remember thse strangers' hands. They were there when I needed them, and even nw, they help me ut f the sadness f that memry. I think f them as I ride the undergrund in Washingtn D. C. tday, and I watch the citizens and turists t ffer hands at any time.In the last paragraph, the underlined wrds "that terrible lss" prbably mean _________.A. I was crying when I tk the undergrund in LndnB. I left my uncle's family and haven't cntacted them since thenC. I didn't say thank yu t thse wh gave hands t meD. I lst my gd md and felt sad when I left my uncle's family 解析：根据上文but that was the last time I saw r spke t any f my uncle's family提示可知本题答案为先择B项。
Lts f kids have been trying t find ways t help save the Earth. Sme f them are encuraged by the “30 by 30” plan: Fifty cuntries have prmised t prtect 30% f Earth’s land and waters by 2030.One f the kids is 11-year-ld Beckett frm Gergetwn, Texas. He wants t help prtect endangered species (物种). In 2019, he began wrking with Rainfrest Trust. “I was really interested in trying t stp climate (气候) change,” he said.With the help f his schlmates, Beckett has started a grup called Prtectin f Earth. The grup rganized a lcal Run and raised mre than $700. The mney helped t save mre than 1,000 acres (英亩) f rainfrest land. When the COVID-19 came, Beckett put tgether an nline activity called Trivia: Peple culd test their knwledge f birds, endangered species, and climate change. That raised $600 fr rainfrest land.
In Ls Angeles, Califrnia, 10-year-ld Justin is wrried abut frgs. Justin calls them “magical, because they cme in different clrs.” Last year he jined Rainfrest Trust t help Ecuadr’s rainfrest and its frgs. He appeared n lcal TV news, and many peple learned abut what he had dne. That helped him raise $2,000 t save almst three acres f Clud Frest.Justin hpes he can encurage ther peple t understand why frgs are s cl. “Frgs are telling us the planet needs help,” he said. “If frgs are dying wherever yu are, that’s bad because it means the water yu are drinking is plluted.”
18. Hw many kids are mentined in the passage?A. One.B. Tw.C. Three.D. Fur.19 What grup did Beckett set up?A Rainfrest Trust.B. Prtectin f Earth.C. Magical Frgs.D. Ecuadr’s Clud Frest.20. Hw did Beckett raise mney during the COVID-19?A. By rganizing a lcal Run.B. By speaking n lcal TV news.C. By starting Trivia nline.D. By wrking fr rainfrest land.21. The underlined wrd “him” in Paragraph 4 refers t (指代) ________.A. BeckettB. JustinC. Beckett’s schlmateD. Justin’s brther22. What is Paragraph 5 mainly abut?A. Prtecting frgs means prtecting urselves.B. Peple put great interest in climate change.C. Tw kids raised mney fr COVID-19.D. The water yu are drinking is plluted.
【答案】18. B 19. B 20. C 21. B 22. A【解析】【导语】本文介绍很多儿童想尽办法帮助保护地球。【18题详解】细节理解题。根据“One f the kids is 11-year-ld Beckett frm Gergetwn, Texas.”和“In Ls Angeles, Califrnia, 10-year-ld Justin is wrried abut frgs.”可知本文提到了两个孩子。故选B。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据“With the help f his schlmates, Beckett has started a grup called Prtectin f Earth.”可知Beckett建立了一个叫做保护地球的组织。故选B。【20题详解】细节理解题。根据“When the COVID-19 came, Beckett put tgether an nline activity called Trivia: Peple culd test their knwledge f birds, endangered species, and climate change.”可知新冠疫情期间，Beckett通过一个叫做Trivia的网上活动筹款。故选C。【21题详解】词义推断题。根据“In Ls Angeles, Califrnia, 10-year-ld Justin is wrried abut appeared n lcal TV news, and many peple learned abut what he had dne.”可知him指代上一句中的男孩Justin。故选B。【22题详解】主旨大意题。根据“If frgs are dying wherever yu are, that’s bad because it means the water yu are drinking is plluted.”可知如果没有青蛙，意味着你喝的水被污染了，因此保护青蛙，就是保护我们自己。故选A。
The new railway line linking China and Las（老挝）pened t traffic n December 3, 2021. All the passengers n the train were very excited. The line is 1,035 kilmeters lng and it runs between Kunming, the capital f Yunnan Prvince, and Vientiane（万象）, the capital f Las. It takes abut 10 hurs t get t Vientiane frm Kunming. This line, with a tp speed f 200 kilmeters per hur, has 50 statins. Engineer Ouyang Qiang tk part in cnstructin（建设）f the new line. “Each statin alng the line has a special and beautiful view.” he said. adding that Yunnan has pleasant weather in all seasns and the views are fantastic all year rund.
Hang Dianhua, 76, was n the first train n Friday frm Kunming t Xishuangbanna. “One f my students tk part in this prject. It’s a prud event fr China. I hpe t take the train with my daughter and tw granddaughters wh live in Beijing in the future.” Hang said. Jaruwan cmes frm Thailand. Nw she wrks in Yunnan. She was als a passenger n the train. She believes fruit frm Thailand can be sent faster and cheaper t China. And at the same time, the new turism rutes（路线）might be develped thanks t the line. Mre Chinese peple will take the railway t Las, and then visit Thailand. The China-Las Railway is part f a bigger plan t cnnect Kunming all the way with Singapre.
11. The new railway line runs between ________ and ________ nw.A. Beijing; XishuangbannaB. China; SingapreC. Kunming; VientianeD. China; Thailand12. Wh tk part in cnstructin f the China-Las Railway line?A. Hang Dianhua.B. Ouyang Qiang.C. Jaruwan.D. Hang Dianhua’s daughter.13. Which f the fllwing statements abut Hang Dianhua is NOT true?A. One f his students tk part in the China-Las railway prject.B. He went t Xishuangbanna n the first train.C. He tk the train tgether with his daughter and tw granddaughters.D. He thught the pening f the new line was a prud event fr China.14. What can we knw frm the passage?A. The China-Las railway line is 1.035 kilmeters lng and has 200 statins.B. Ouyang Qiang was an engineer and he was Hang Dianhua’s student.C. The fruit trade between China and Thailand can be mre cnvenient.D. The Chinese turists can take the railway t Singapre frm Kunming nw.
【答案】11. C 12. B 13. C 14. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍连接中国到老挝的新的铁路。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据“The line is 1,035 kilmeters lng and it runs between Kunming, the capital f Yunnan Prvince, and Vientiane, the capital f Las.”可知，这条线路连接云南省省会昆明和老挝首都万象。故选C。 【12题详解】细节理解题。根据“Engineer Ouyang Qiang tk part in cnstructin f the new line.”可知，工程师欧阳强参与了这条新线路的建设。故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据“I hpe t take the train with my daughter and tw granddaughters wh live in Beijing in the future.”可知，是希望将来和我的女儿以及两个住在北京的孙女一起坐火车，而不是已经乘坐了。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据“ She believes fruit frm Thailand can be sent faster and cheaper t China.”可知，她认为泰国的水果可以更快、更便宜地运到中国。由此推知，中泰之间的水果贸易可以更加方便，故选C。
Cunting the hairs n yur head wuld be very difficult. Many have tried, but mst peple give up after lsing cunt r getting bred! Hwever, scientists say peple have mre than 100,000 hairs n their heads n average. Of curse, this number is different frm persn t persn. Sme peple have much mre hair than thers. What causes hair lss? There are many reasns, such as stress, illness and styling. It als runs in families. Besides, many peple simply lse hair as they grw lder. T avid lsing hair, yu shuld wash yur hair crrectly and cnditin（养护）yur hair t help keep yur hair healthy. It’s als imprtant t be gentle when brushing r cmbing hair.
Hair lss is nt the same as daily shedding（脱落）. Peple lse an average f 50 t 100 hairs a day. It’s nrmal. If yu are lsing mre hair than average, talk t the adults yu trust. They can help yu decide whether t ask a dctr fr help. Why d humans have hair n their heads? Mst ther mammals（哺乳动物）have thick fur（毛）cvering their whle bdies. While humans grw small and fine（细微的）hairs n much f their skin, it’s much thicker n the tp f the head. Scientists say the answers cme dwn t evlutin. Humans prbably evlved withut fur because they have mre sweat glands（汗腺）than ther mammals. Humans walk upright n tw legs. Therefre, the tp f their heads needs prtectin frm the sun. This is why peple have mre hair n their heads than n the rest f their bdies. The hair als helps keep heat in cld weather and keep a healthy bdy temperature.
18. Hw many reasns fr hair lss are mentined in Paragraph 2?A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 619. Yu can take the fllwing measures（措施）t avid lsing hair except ________.A. wearing a hat all the timeB. washing yur hair crrectlyC. brushing r cmbing hair gentlyD. cnditining yur hair20. What des the underlined wrd “evlutin” mean in the last paragraph?A. 进化B. 发育C. 天生D. 训练21. What can we learn frm the passage?A. In general, it’s easier fr yung peple t lse hair than ld peple.B. The hair n human heads helps keep heat in cld weather.C. If yu lse 50 t 100 hairs every day. yu must ask a dctr fr help.D. All the mammals have thick fur cvering their whle bdies because they have n sweat glands.
【答案】18. C 19. A 20. A 21. B【解析】【导语】本文主要分析了脱发的原因，应对的方法以及为什么人类的头顶会有头发。【18题详解】细节理解题。根据“There are many reasns, such as stress, illness and styling. It als runs in families. Besides, many peple simply lse hair as they grw lder”可知，关于脱发的原因提到了五点：压力，疾病，发型，家族遗传，还有随着年龄的增长而脱发 ，故选C。19题详解】细节理解题。根据“T avid lsing hair, yu shuld wash yur hair crrectly and cnditin（养护）yur hair t help keep yur hair healthy. It’s als imprtant t be gentle when brushing r cmbing hair”可知，为了避免脱发，你应该正确地洗头并护理头发，梳头时要温和，故选A。
【20题详解】词义猜测题。根据“Humans prbably evlved withut fur because they have mre sweat glands（汗腺）than ther mammals. Humans walk upright n tw legs. Therefre, the tp f their heads needs prtectin frm the sun”可知，人类在进化过程中没有皮毛，人类用两条腿直立行走。 因此，他们的头顶需要长出一些毛发来防晒，所以人类头顶有毛发是跟进化有关，故evlutin表示“进化”，故选A。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据“The hair als helps keep heat in cld weather and keep a healthy bdy temperature”可知，头发还有助于在寒冷的天气里保暖，保持健康的体温，故选B。
We all knw the sun is imprtant. It makes life n ur planet pssible. But hw des the sun d that? It’s the sun’s energy. Energy frm the sun is called slar energy（太阳能）. It cmes in the frm f light r heat. Peple have used slar energy fr thusands f years. The sun’s energy can be used t heat water and even fd. If yu wn a magnifying glass, yur parents have prbably warned yu nt t leave it in the sun. Slar energy can actually make the magnifying glass burn bjects underneath it causing a fire. This type f energy frm the sun is called slar thermal（热的）energy. We can als turn the sun’s light int electricity. This is dne with slar panels（板）. Slar panels are made up f a material called silicn（硅）. The silicn is heated and frmed int very thin wafers（晶片）. When the sunlight hits the slar panel, the electrns in the silicn mve and flw thrugh wires（电线）. Using this technlgy, we can run a calculatr and even pwer cars.
But what happens n cludy days? The electrns in the silicn will stp mving, which means the electricity can’t flw. But this desn’t mean that slar energy can nly be used n sunny days. Peple can use the batteries（电池）which are attached t（附着于）slar panels t stre the electricity. S the stred electricity can be used t pwer cars at night r n cludy days. Did yu knw that slar energy is nt as expensive as it used t be? In fact, in the last few years, slar panels have becme much mre affrdable fr peple t use. Since the sun gives ff mre energy in ne secnd than peple have used, imagine what we culd d if we used the sun’s energy t pwer ur planet.
22. A magnifying glass can make bjects lk ________.A. smallerB. biggerC. mre beautifulD. further23. What des the third paragraph mainly tell us?A. Hw t use slar thermal energy.B. Hw t pwer ur planet.C. Hw t stre electricity with batteries.D. Hw t turn sunlight int electricity with slar panels.24. We can use ________ t pwer cars at night accrding t the furth paragraph.A. thin wafersB. the mnlightC. slar thermal energyD. the stred electricity25. Which f the fllwing statements is NOT true?A. Slar panels are made up f silicn.B. Slar energy can be used fr heating fd.C. It csts mre t use slar energy than befre.D. Peple have used slar energy fr thusands f years.
【答案】22. B 23. D 24. D 25. C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了太阳是很重要的。人们使用太阳能很多年了。太阳释放出比现在人们使用更多的能量。所以我们应该尽力在我们的生活中找到更多的好方法去使用它。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据“ If yu wn a magnifying glass, yur parents have prbably warned yu nt t leave it in the sun. Slar energy can actually make the magnifying glass burn bjects underneath it causing a fire.”和常识可知，放大镜会使物体变得更大，故选B。【23题详解】段落大意题。根据“We can als turn the sun’s light int electricity”分析第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍如何利用太阳能电池板将阳光转化为电能。故选D。 【24题详解】细节理解题。根据“Peple can use the batteries（电池）which are attached t（附着于）slar panels t stre the electricity. S the stred electricity can be used t pwer cars at night r n cludy days.”可知，人们可以使用附着在太阳能电池板上的电池来储存电力，因此储存的电力可以在夜间或阴天为汽车提供动力。故选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据“Did yu knw that slar energy is nt as expensive as it used t be?”可知，太阳能不像以前那么贵了，C项表述错误。故选C。