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    中考英语阅读理解技巧和练习 课件

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    中考英语阅读理解技巧和练习 课件

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    这是一份中考英语阅读理解技巧和练习 课件,共31页。PPT课件主要包含了模拟练习等内容,欢迎下载使用。
    主旨大意题任何一篇文章都有自己的中心思想,所以,文章通常是围绕该中心思想展开的。要领悟文章的中心思想,就要具备归纳和概括方面的能力,而这种能力又常是要考查的重点。很多文章在全文或各段的开头便展示出文章的中心思想,它主要通过主题句(Tpic Sentence)来体现。一般来说,文章的主题或中心都在第一段或最后一段表明。某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾,而且常有一些表归纳关系的信号词,如⤵
    in shrtIn a wrdin brieft sumupt cnclude其常用提问方式主要有:What is the main idea/tpic f the passage?The central pint f these-lectin is that.The authr is mainly cncerned with.The passages mainly abut.
    语义猜测题该题型主要测试考生利用上下文判断单词、词组或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力,常见的提问方式有:The wrd“…”in the cntext means.The wrd“…”culd be best replaced by…Which f the fllwing is nearest meaning t?The wrd“…”prbably refers t.这不仅需要学生准确理解上下文,还要掌握或认识较多的课外词汇,并通过构词、语法等线索确定词义。
    细节理解题该题型主要测试学生对文章(或某一段落)中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的辨认能力,分直接辨认和间接辨认两种。直接辨认一般只要求学生能从阅读材料中直接获取、记住信息,然后能快速地将他们回忆出来;间接辨认不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息,还要将获得的信息进行各种转换,为阅读材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义。常见的提问方式有:Which f the fllwing is NOT included(mentined)in the passage?Which f the fllwing sentences is NOT true?
    推理判断题这种题型主要考查考生根据已知信息做出合理的推断或判断的逻辑思维能力,包括要求考生体会作者的态度、观点、意图等,常用提问方式有:We can infer/learn frm the(last)paragraph that.It can be cncluded frm the passage that.The passage implies/suggests that.What can be cncluded frm the passage?The authr's purpse f writing the passage is.这需要学生读懂原文,完全理解文中的细节信息,对其进行分析、推算,从而得出正确的结论。
    立足课本,训练阅读思维通过以上对高考英语阅读理解题的分析,可以看出高考英语命题的趋势是“突出能力,侧重思维”。着重考查学生的观察、分析、对比、联想和判断等思维能力。所以,教学中我们应充分利用课文内容,进行有效的阅读训练,提高其阅读能力。包括对文章中字词句的表层理解(包括辨认词义、句法结构等)以及对文章的结构、主旨进行分析与逻辑判断。从而深刻理解全文,并在此基础上引导站在新的高度上再读课文,领会文章中事件的背景和结局、主要人物的评析和作者的观点意图等。
    拓宽英语阅读空间尽管与以往相比,目前高中英语教科书所提供的阅读量有较大幅度的增加,但离大纲的要求还相距甚远,仅限于课文的阅读教学是远远不够的。所以,同学们要精心选择、补充阅读材料,以拓宽阅读内容视角,增加阅读量。选择体裁多样(如叙述、描写、应用、说明、议论等文体皆可)、题材广泛(如社会政治经济、日常生活、史地常识、科普文章等)、篇幅适当、内涵丰富、难度适中的阅读材料。特别是具有时代感,异国文化背景浓厚的作品、科技动态、时事新闻等方面的文章,以获取新信息,增长新知识,形成新思维,以有利于语言知识的运用和阅读理解分析题的解答。
    掌握阅读技巧高考阅读理解题内容多,时间紧,不仅需要学生具备扎实的基础知识,而且还需要较快的阅读速度。所以,阅读的方法和技巧就显得非常重要。依据前面对高考英语阅读理解题的分析,我们在平时的教学和训练中,必须重视阅读的方法和技巧的生成。如引导学生寻找主题句;养成辨认和记忆具体事实、重要细节的习惯;学会运用构词法、语境等推测关键词义;利用语法过渡词、语气转折词及时态等,把握文章脉络,进行逻辑推理和判断等。
    Like mst parents, mine spent much time advising me t take part in activities utside schl. Hwever, they never frced me, and I never fund anything I was interested in. Then ne day a friend at schl tld me abut a lcal dance grup and asked if I wanted t g with her. S after schl we went t talk t the dance teacher. She explained everything t us and we bth decided t jin.My parents were really pleased t hear I’d finally chsen dancing. They think if yu develp an interest in ding smething yurself, it will be easier t succeed.I’ve nw been attending the dancing classes fr 3 years and I really enjy it. We are rganized int age grups, and at 16 I’m nw in the ldest class. There are classes f swing dance, ballet (芭蕾舞), street dance and flk dance. I practice street dance and I’m quite gd at it. I als help ut leading sme f the yunger children.We als take part in events like lcal and even natinal dance shws, and relatives turn up t see their children perfrm. My parents are prud f me as they tell me all the time.Nw I’ll be t ld t cntinue dancing with the grup. Hwever, I have already made plans t cntinue with them. The dance schl has becme very successful and is pening new classes. The directr has asked if I’d like t be ne f the grup leaders and f curse I said “yes”!— By Julie, 16
    26. Wh made Julie decide t jin the lcal dance grup?A. Her parents.B. Her teacher.C. Her friend.D. Herself.27. Accrding t Julie’s parents, what is mre imprtant t be successful?A. Interest.B. Hard wrk.C. Curage.D. Pride.28. When did Julie attend the dancing classes?A. 1 year ag.B. 2 years ag.C. 3 years ag.D. 4 years ag.29. What kind f dance is Julie gd at?A. Swing dance.B. Ballet.C. Street dance.D. Flk dance.30. Hw des Julie feel abut her future develpment?A. Unhappy.B. Clear.C. Scared.D. Wrried.
    【答案】26. D 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,作者介绍自己遵从内心兴趣选择学习舞蹈,并且明确自己未来的发展。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据“Then ne day a friend at schl tld me abut a lcal dance grup and asked if I wanted t g with her. S after schl we went t talk t the dance teacher. She explained everything t us and we bth decided t jin.”可知,学校里的一个朋友告诉我当地有一个舞蹈团,问我是否想和她一起去。所以放学后我们去找舞蹈老师。她向我们解释了一切,我们俩都决定加入。由此可知,是作者自己想加入的,故选D。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据“They think if yu develp an interest in ding smething yurself, it will be easier t succeed.”可知,他们认为,如果你培养了自己做某事的兴趣,就会更容易成功。故选A。
    【28题详解】细节理解题。根据“I’ve nw been attending the dancing classes fr 3 years”可知,我已经上了3年的舞蹈课了,所以是三年前加入的,故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据“I practice street dance and I’m quite gd at it.”可知,我练习街舞,而且跳得很好。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据“The dance schl has becme very successful and is pening new classes. The directr has asked if I’d like t be ne f the grup leaders and f curse I said ‘yes’!”可知,这所舞蹈学校非常成功,正在开设新的课程。主任问我是否愿意当组长,我当然说“愿意”。由此可知,作者对于自己未来的规划非常明确,故选B。
    Warming temperatures and shrter winters might sund like the end f snw days. Hwever, rising temperatures may actually cause snwstrms t dump mre snw, says David Rbinsn. He is a prfessr at a university in New Jersey. He studies climate (气候) change.Temperature change is ne f the greatest in Earth’s climate change ver a lng perid f time. It can happen naturally r because f human activities, such as burning gas and cal. Burning these fuels prduces carbn dixide (二氧化碳) and ther pllutants int the atmsphere, which hld heat in the atmsphere, leading t warmer glbal temperatures ver time.But hw culd warmer temperatures lead t mre snw? T get snw, yu need misture (水汽) and freezing temperatures (0℃ r less), says Rbinsn. Withut misture in the air, there is n precipitatin (rain r snw). Rbinsn says there are signs that snwstrms are becming strnger. This is because f this cnnectin between misture and precipitatin.
    “The warmer the air becmes, the mre misture it hlds. S, if it’s warming and still cld enugh t snw, yu can get mre snw,” Rbinsn says.Of the 10 biggest snwfalls in D. C. regin, five happened in the past 25 years, accrding t the NWS. During that same time perid, average winter temperatures in D. C. increased. In 1996, the average winter temperature was 1.8℃. In 2020, it was 6℃.Weather experts suggest that rising temperatures may make winter shrter and less cld. But fr nw, the snw is still falling. One day, winter might nt have any days belw the freezing temperature. Once temperatures stay abve freezing, snwstrms becme rain. Until then, we might cntinue t see strng strms.Accrding t Rbinsn, that time culd cme sner than we think. He says, “When we lk back, years frm nw, we may see that this was the breaking pint.”
    31. What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?A. Hw Earth’s climate changes.B. What causes rising temperatures.C. What prduces carbn dixide.D. Hw pllutin influences climate.32. What will the warming temperatures cause accrding t the text?A. Less cal.B. Drier weather.C. Lnger winters.D. Strnger snwstrms.33. What is the purpse f paragraph 5?A. T intrduce D. C.B. T reprt the biggest 10 snwstrms.C. T supprt Rbinsn’s ideas.D. T shw the increase f temperatures.34. What des Rbinsn think f the future warming temperatures?A. Impssible.B. Serius.C. Meaningless.D. Amazing.35. Where is the text prbably taken frm?A. A science magazine.B. A stry bk.C. A science fictin.D. A travel guide.
    【答案】31. B 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A【解析】【导语】本文主要讲了温度上升与更多的暴风雪是否有关系的问题。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据“Burning these fuels prduces carbn dixide (二氧化碳) and ther pllutants int the atmsphere, which hld heat in the atmsphere, leading t warmer glbal temperatures ver time.”可知,第二段主要介绍了导致气温上升的原因。故选B。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据“Rbinsn says there are signs that snwstrms are becming strnger. This is because f this cnnectin between misture and precipitatin.”可知,变暖的温度会导致更强的暴风雪。故选D。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据“Of the 10 biggest snwfalls in D. C. regin, five happened in the past 25 years, …average winter temperatures in D. C. increased. In 1996, the average winter temperature was 1.8℃. In 2020, it was 6℃.”可推知,作者在第五段通过陈述华盛顿地区的事实,进一步印证了Rbinsn的观点。故选C。
    【34题详解】推理判断题。根据“One day, winter might nt have any days belw the freezing temperature.”以及“Accrding t Rbinsn, that time culd cme sner than we think.”可推知,Rbinsn认为未来全球变暖,气温升高会很严重。故选B。【35题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲了温度上升与更多的暴风雪是否有关系的问题。故可推知,文章可能来源于一本科学杂志。故选A。
    A garden is much mre than just creating a beautiful envirnment. It can be a way t save r even make mney and, mre than that, it can be a place where yu can express yurself. Fr me, it’s a bit f all these things. I knw it may sund strange fr a 13-year-ld girl t be interested in gardening, but I have always been and I wuld lve t make a career (职业) ut f it.I have learned many things these past few years. I have been reading abut and ding sme gardening. S, here is my tp advice abut gardening. First, yu d nt need t spend a lt f mney t have a beautiful garden. Sme f the gardens that I think are the prettiest are just lines f plants. There aren’t many garden decratins (装饰) and pathways. It’s just beautiful plants with fruits and vegetables. We can als find many useful things fr free, frm pieces f ld wd t ld pts and pans. Or, we can build things fr free frm materials that ther peple have thrwn away.
    If yu just remember that planting what is mre than yu need will take the stress away f lsing sme plants, yu will save yurself a lt f wrry, t. Besides, yu need t ask yurself which plants prduce enugh fd t make them wrth grwing. I actually sat dwn and did the maths n that ne this spring. It amazed me what sme plants were wrth. A tmat, fr example, can prduce £50-£150 wrth f fruit. It takes up a lt f space but that’s a lt f mney cming ut f a 50-pence seed (种子)! S if I had knwn earlier what each plant culd save us, I wuld have tld my parents t fill ur garden with different plants.And finally, gardening desn’t have t be all r nthing. But then I guess that’s mre f a persnality weakness than anything. I struggle with ding things a little at a time. Once I decide t d smething, I usually devte every waking hur t it fr a little while and then get tired. S it’s kay t just have ne tmat plant, and it’s kay t have an ff year. It will save yu a lt f stress.
    36. What des the writer want t tell us abut gardening in paragraph 1?A. The gardeners can make much mney.B. It’s just abut creating a beautiful place.C. The mst imprtant is t express yurself.D. It means different things t different peple.37. Hw wuld the writer describe her favrite garden?A. Simple.B. Expensive.C. Magic.D. Creative.38. What advice des the writer give us abut gardening?A. Use what we can find arund us.B. Try t make a career ut f it.C. Ask ther gardeners t give help.D. Spend as much time as we can.39. What can we learn abut the writer’s gardening experience?A. She wants t grw everything.B. She did everything right.C. She has a lt f fun in ding it.D. She needs t wrk harder.40. What des the underlined wrd “devte” mean in the last paragraph?A. Waste.B. Spend.C. Change.D. Cunt.
    【答案】36. D 37. A 38. A 39. C 40. B【解析】【导语】本文介绍了作者对园艺的看法,作者也对园艺提供了一些建议。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据“Fr me, it’s a bit f all these things. I knw it may sund strange fr a 13-year-ld girl t be interested in gardening, but I have always been and I wuld lve t make a career (职业) ut f it.”可知,园艺对作者来说,有着重要的意义。故可推知,作者在第一段告诉我们园艺对不同的人意味着不同的东西。故选D。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据“Sme f the gardens that I think are the prettiest are just lines f plants. There aren’t many garden decratins (装饰) and pathways. It’s just beautiful plants with fruits and vegetables.”可推知,作者描述的最喜欢的花园是简单的。故选A。
    【38题详解】推理判断题。根据“We can als find many useful things fr free, frm pieces f ld wd t ld pts and pans. Or, we can build things fr free frm materials that ther peple have thrwn away.”可推知,作者建议利用周围能找到的东西。故选A。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据“I knw it may sund strange fr a 13-year-ld girl t be interested in gardening, but I have always been and I wuld lve t make a career (职业) ut f it.”以及“It will save yu a lt f stress.”可推知,她做这件事很开心。故选C。【40题详解】词句猜测题。根据“Once I decide t d smething, I usually devte every waking hur t it fr a little while and then get tired.”可知,一旦作者决定做某件事,通常会很投入,然后就会感到疲倦。因此“devte”与“Spend”语义相近。故选B。
    The 21-year-ld student frm the cllege f Special Educatin f Changchun University, Jilin Prvince, Zhan Junyi has been deaf since birth. But he has vercme great difficulties t achieve his dream f becming a prfessinal dancer, and is nw able t hear music thrugh an artificial cchlea (人工耳蜗).When he was 2, his parents tk him t sme training curses, and he learned t understand peple by reading lips (嘴唇). During the slw and hard prcess, nt nly his parents but als sme teachers frm the training center ffered great help t him. Thanks t their lasting effrts and help, Zhan had the chance t achieve as much as smene wh can hear. Zhan had an artificial cchlea implanted (移植) when he was 4 years ld. Then he was able t better understand peple with its help.In the summer f 2008, Zhan watched a dance shw f Avalkiteshvara Bdhisattva (千手观音) by the China Disabled Peple’s Perfrming Art Trupe (剧团) at the clsing ceremny f the Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games (残奥会) n TV. Deeply mved by their excellent skill and energy, he began t watch vides f perfrmances and cmpetitins, learned t cpy the mvements and dreamed f becming a dancer like them.
    After graduating frm primary schl in 2015, Zhan passed the exam fr the trupe and began t learn dance with the ther members. T help him keep up, his teacher repeatedly played the drum and tld him where the beats and rhythm (节奏) pints were. Then, the teacher als guided him by using sign language. What’s mre, as his artificial cchlea culd easily fall ut, he had t wear a headband t help keep it in.Thrugh lasting effrts and hard wrk, Zhan came t be perfect at dancing and entered Changchun University t study dance in 2021. In recent years, Zhan has built up lts f experience perfrming at events such as the pening and clsing ceremnies f the Beijing 2022 Winter Paralympic Games and the 2023 Spring Festival Gala (春晚).After he graduates, Zhan wants t return t the trupe and becme a natinal-level dancer. He hpes t help ther children like him t learn hw t dance and feel its jy.
    26. Hw did Zhan understand ther peple befre he was fur?A. By reading ther peple’s lips.B. By learning at a training center.C. By using an artificial cchlea.D. By getting help frm his parents.27. What made him decide t learn t dance?A. Having sme training curses.B. Taking part in the Olympics.C. Getting help frm his teachers.D. Watching a dance shw n TV.28. What can we inter (推断) frm Paragraph Fur?A. What the feelings f the dancer were.B. Why the teacher taught Zhan t dance.C. It was difficult fr Zhan t learn t dance.D. Mre peple will becme interested in dancing.
    29. Which wrds can be used t describe Zhan accrding t the passage?A. Strict and hnest.B. Encuraging and hard-wrking.C. Clever and careful.D. Humrus and warm-hearted.30. What is the best title (题目) f the passage?A. A Helping Hand t a Deaf By.B. A Brave By with a Hearing Prblem.C. A Dance Class fr Disabled Peple.D. A Deaf Dancer’s Rad t Success.
    【答案】26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. D【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了失聪的詹俊逸成为专业舞者的成功之路。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据“When he was 2, his parents tk him t sme training curses, and he learned t understand peple by reading lips.”及“Zhan had an artificial cchlea implanted when he was 4 years ld.”可知四岁才使用人工耳蜗,四岁之前是通过唇语来理解别人的。故选A。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据“In the summer f 2008, Zhan watched a dance shw f Avalkiteshvara Bdhisattva by the China Disabled Peple’s Perfrming Art Trupe at the clsing ceremny f the Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games n TV. Deeply mved by their excellent skill and energy, he began t watch vides f perfrmances and cmpetitins, learned t cpy the mvements and dreamed f becming a dancer like them.”可知他决定学习舞蹈是因为在电视上看了一场舞蹈表演。故选D。
    【28题详解】推理判断题。根据“T help him keep up, his teacher repeatedly played the drum and tld him where the beats and rhythm pints were. Then, the teacher als guided him by using sign language. What’s mre, as his artificial cchlea culd easily fall ut, he had t wear a headband t help keep it in.”可知为了帮助他跟上节奏,他的老师反复敲鼓,并告诉他节拍和节奏点在哪里。然后,老师还用手语指导他。更重要的是,由于他的人工耳蜗很容易脱落,他不得不戴上发带来帮助固定它。由此推出学跳舞对詹来说很难。故选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据“Thrugh lasting effrts and hard wrk, Zhan came t be perfect at dancing and entered Changchun University t study dance in 2021.”可知詹很努力,结合全文内容可知詹的故事的鼓舞人心的。故选B。【30题详解】最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了失聪的詹俊逸成为专业舞者的成功之路。用“A Deaf Dancer’s Rad t Success.”做标题最合适。故选D。

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