中考英语阅读理解技巧和专练（三） 课件

这是一份中考英语阅读理解技巧和专练（三） 课件，共32页。PPT课件主要包含了模拟练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。
猜测词义题常用下面这八种方法：方法一：构词法I.派生词法：根据一部分英语单词的词根，观察词头（前缀）或词尾（后缀）来猜词义。例题：I will nt make friends with hnestB. nt trueC. nt lvelyD. nt friendly根据派生词法可知，dis-作为前缀有“nt”的意思，所以答案为A。方法二：合成词法（1）由两个单词组成的新词，可根据两个词的意思猜测出新词的词义。例题：Overweightis bad fr yur muchB. t fatC. t smallD. t nisy根据合成词法可知答案为B。
（2）根据标点符号猜测词义，具体方法是：在“——”, “,”, “:”后面的内容通常都是对前面语言的解释、描写和补充说明。例题：The Greek marriage wasmngamus——men and wmen were allwed>根据破折号“——”后面的解释可以猜测出划线词的词义是“一夫一妻制”。方法三：同义词、近义词法看到“be cnsidered as, refer t, and, r, als”等常连接同义词组的标志词时，可以根据这些标志词前后句的同义词关系猜测出词义。例题：Dctrs believe that smking cigarettes isdetrimentalt yur health. They als regard drinking as harmful.根据第二句中的“als”可知，前后两句是同义关系，所以harmful与detrimental也是同义关系，可知中文意思是“有害的”。
方法四：因果关系法看到“ because，as，since，fr，s，as a result, s, s … that, such … that等表示前因后果关系的关联词时，根据因果关系判断出词义。例:All his attempts (尝试）t unlck the dr werefutile, because she was using the wrng key.根据“because”后面句子的意思与前面的句子是因果关系，可以猜测出词义是“徒劳的、无效的”。
方法五：对比转折关系法看到“but, while, hwever, instead f , rather than , unlike, yet, thugh …”表示转折关系的关联词时，根据转折关系猜出词义。例题：Althugh the early mrning had been very cl, the nnday sun wastrpical.根据“althugh”引导的让步状语从句与主句之间的转折关系，可以判断出trpical与cl应该互为反义词，所以词义是“热的”。
方法六：生活常识法例题：Jhn gt>根据“I sat behind him>方法七：举例法看到“such as, like, fr example”等举例的标志词时，可以根据后面的例句猜测词义。例题：Tday yung cuples wh are just starting their husehlds ften spend lts f mney>根据“frexample”后面的句子可以判断出词义是“家用电器”。方法七：举例法看到“such as, like, fr example”等举例的标志词时，可以根据后面的例句猜测词义。例题：Tday yung cuples wh are just starting their husehlds ften spend lts f mney>根据“frexample”后面的句子可以判断出词义是“家用电器”。
方法八：定义或释义法看到“that is t say, in ther wrds, mean, be cnsidered, refer t, be knwn as, define, namely, be called,定语从句”等标志词时，根据定义法猜测词义。例题：Endangered means that withut human help an animal r plant will becmeextinctwhich means that the animal r plant will never again stay alive>A. dead B. dangerus C. bright D. natural“which means that……”就是解释和定义，所以可知正确答案是A。
主旨（段落）大意题及标题归纳题题型特点解答这类题时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(main idea)、结论(cnclusin)、结局(ending)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。常见设题方式：The general idea f the passage is abut_________.The main purpse f the passage is_________.What des the passage mainly talk abut?What’s the passage/Paragraph3 mainly abut?What can be the best title fr the passage?What is the best title f the passage?Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the passage?
解题技巧：1.看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。2.通过分析篇章结构找出每一小段的主题句，然后通过寻找共同点，找出整个文章的主题句。3.标题归纳题型也属于主旨大意题，文章的标题具有概括性的特点，故所选的标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题，切忌所选标题以偏概全。4.这类题目需要对文章有整体性的把握，建议最后做。例题1：What’s the best title f the passage?A. Hw t Help OthersB. Dn’t Thrw Old Things AwayC. An Expensive GiftD. A Hmeless Old Man例题2：The passage mainly shws that Myers and his students __________.A. did smething t prtect rain frestB. wanted t buy the rain frestC. were interested in the cultureD. went t the rain frest fr fun
Once there was a manager wh had a team f arund 40 hardwrking members. Everything seemed perfect except fr ne thing: the grup has a hard time cmmunicating and sharing infrmatin with each ther.Then ne day, the manager had an idea. He decided t take his grup n a team uting and persnally prepared games f 3 runds.During the first rund, the manager tld everyne t blw a balln and write their names withut ppping （弄破） it. And sn the team members did it successfully. After that, the leader tld them t wait utside fr the next rund. When they were asked t enter the rm again, the members saw many mre ballns withut names all arund the rm.The manager tld his team t search fr the balln that belngs t them. The first three persns t bring him the balln will win, while thse wh pp the balln will be ut f the game.
15 minutes had already passed and nt a single ne was able t identify（确认）his balln, and that’s why the manager decided t g n t the third rund instead. Fr the third rund, the manager tld his yung grup t pick any ballns frm the rm and give it t the persn whse name was n it. Within a cuple f minutes, everyne had his balln with his wn name. The manager went n t tell his members hw they were nt able t search fr their ballns in the secnd rund because everyne was fixing t much attentin n his wn target. Hwever, in just a shrt time, they were able t d the third rund because f the pwer f teamwrk and sharing with each ther.
23. What were the team asked t d in the first rund?A. T share their infrmatin.B. T identity their wn ballns.C. T give the ballns 10 the manager.D. T blw the ballns and write their names.24. Why did the team fail in the secnd rund?A. Sme f them ppped the ballns.B. Each fcused n his wn balln.C. Only three f them fund the ballns.D. Nne f the ballns had names n them.25. What des the underlined wrd “target” mean?A. interestB. galC. directinD. chice26. What’s the manager’s purpse in preparing the games?A. T find ut the mst talented members.B. T free the team frm the stress in their wrk.C. T remind the team f the imprtance f teamwrk.D. T encurage the team members t wrk harder.
【答案】23. D 24. B 25. B 26. C【解析】【导语】本文主要通过一个故事说明了团队合作的重要性。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据“During the first rund, the manager tld everyne t blw a balln and write their names withut ppping （弄破） it.”可知在第一轮比赛中，球队被要求吹气球，写他们的名字。故选D。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据“The manager went n t tell his members hw they were nt able t search fr their ballns in the secnd rund because everyne was fixing t much attentin n his wn target”可知这个队在第二轮比赛中失败了是因为每个人都专注于自己的气球。故选B。
【25题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二轮比赛的内容“The manager tld his team t search fr the balln that belngs t them. ”可知每个人都在找有自己名词的气球，结合“because everyne was fixing t much attentin n his wn target.”可知，此处是指每个人都把太多注意力放在了自己的目标上，gal和target同义，故选B。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据“Everything seemed perfect except fr ne thing: the grup has a hard time cmmunicating and sharing infrmatin with each ther.”（一切似乎都很完美，除了一件事：这群人很难相互沟通和分享信息。）和“Hwever, in just a shrt time, they were able t d the third rund because f the pwer f teamwrk and sharing with each ther.”（然而，在很短的时间内，由于团队合作和相互分享的力量，他们能够做第三轮。）可知经理准备比赛是为了提醒团队合作的重要性。故选C。
ChatGPT, a new chatbt mdel! Develped by Open AI, has quickly becme a hit all ver the wrld because f its pwerful cnversatinal abilities.It can write emails, cmputer cdes （代码）, sngs, pems, and even shrt stries, and has passed a number f tests within secnds. Experts arund the wrld are discussing whether AI shuld be used in educatin. Sme schls have banned（禁止）it. The New Yrk City’s Department f Educatin, fr example, banned ChatGPT frm its public schl netwrks, and sme peple are warning that it culd encurage mre students t cheat, especially in exams.Many mre welcme this app, saying that, like mst technlgies in histry, ChatGPT is a pwerful tl fr the develpment f educatin.
Accepting AI as early as pssible is a gd chice. Schls shuld make preparatins fr including AI in their teaching plans. They can start by ffering AI curses, because by understanding hw it wrks, they can make better use f it. Besides, students with gd knwledge f AI are mre cmpetitive when it cmes t getting a jb, as an increasing number f jbs are being dne by cmputer prgrams. AI pwered educatin technlgies can be used t make the learning experience mre suitable fr each student. As fr teachers, AI can free them frm ding sme bring wrk s they can fcus n their teaching.Since we cannt avid ChatGPT and ther AI pwered apps frm entering the field f educatin, we shuld make effrts t make sure they have a psitive impact（积极影响）n sciety and the future f educatin. AI helps t make learning much mre interesting and enjyable, but humans need t wrk very hard t win the race with technlgy.
27. Why is ChatGPT banned in sme schls?A. It can ffer help quickly.B. Students may chat n it.C. It can pass a test in secnds.D. Students may cheat in exams.28. In what way can AI help students?A. It ffers students a number f jbs.B. It suits students’ persnal learning.C. It frees students frm bring wrk.D. It allws students t fcus n learning.29. What is the writer’s attitude（态度）twards ChatGPT?A. Supprtive.B. Dubtful.C. Uncertain.D. Fearful.30. What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?A. AI apps still have a lng way t g.B. Humans will be left behind by technlgy.C. The future f educatin depends n AI apps.D. AI must be made gd use f in educatin.
【答案】27. D 28. B 29. A 30. D【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了ChatGPT这种新型聊天机器人。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据“Sme schls have banned（禁止）it The New Yrk City’s Department f Educatin, fr example, banned ChatGPT frm its public schl netwrks, and sme peple are warning that it culd encurage mre students t cheat, especially in exams.”可知是因为学生可能在考试中作弊。故选D。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据“AI pwered educatin technlgies can be used t make the learning experience mre suitable fr each student.”可知人工智能可以帮助适合学生的个人学习。故选B。
【29题详解】观点态度题。根据“Since we cannt avid ChatGPT and ther AI pwered apps frm entering the field f educatin, we shuld make effrts t make sure they have a psitive impact（积极影响）n sciety and the future f educatin. AI helps t make learning much mre interesting and enjyable, but humans need t wrk very hard t win the race with technlgy.”（既然我们无法避免ChatGPT和其他人工智能应用进入教育领域，我们应该努力确保它们对社会和教育的未来产生积极的影响。人工智能有助于使学习变得更加有趣和愉快，但人类需要非常努力地工作才能赢得与技术的竞争。）可知作者持支持态度，故选A。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据“Since we cannt avid ChatGPT and ther AI pwered apps frm entering the field f educatin, we shuld make effrts t make sure they have a psitive impact（积极影响）n sciety and the future f educatin.”（既然我们无法避免ChatGPT和其他人工智能应用进入教育领域，我们应该努力确保它们对社会和教育的未来产生积极的影响。）可知人工智能必须在教育中得到很好的利用。故选D。
The mvie Hme Cming tk the lead in the bx ffice(票房) during the Natinal Day hliday in 2022. It tells a stry that happened in Nrth Africa. After a war breaks ut there, tw Chinese diplmats(外交官) are rdered t help evacuate the verseas Chinese. After cmpleting the first task successfully, they learn that anther grup f Chinese citizens(公民) are still in great danger. Realizing that these peple will die if they dn’t give a hand, the tw men travel thrugh the war area. They risk their lives t help ver 100 Chinese citizens g t a safe place. The mvie nt nly shws hw the tw diplmats prtect the peple with curage, but als shws their deep lve fr the cuntry and peple.
Hme Cming reminds many peple f a similar real event which truly happened in Libya in 2011. Chinese Embassy(大使馆) helped the evacuatin f mre than 30,000 Chinese citizens. Behind this event were many effrts f Chinese diplmats. After watching the film, a man recalled his persnal experience. “We are the lucky nes because we have a strng cuntry and are well prtected,” he said. Hme Cming is a success partly because f the grwing natinal pride and cnfidence Chinese peple have in ur cuntry. A cmment(评论) reads, “Chinese passprt might nt get yu anywhere yu want, but it can always bring yu back hme.”
11. The mvie Hme Cming is abut a stry that happened in ________.A. Nrth AmericaB. Suth AmericaC. Suth AfricaD. Nrth Africa12. What des the underlined wrd “evacuate” mean in the secnd paragraph?A. 躲藏B. 逃避C. 撤离D. 评价13. Hw many Chinese citizens were evacuated in the real event in 2011?A. Over ne hundred.B. Over thirty thusand.C. Over three millin.D. Over three thusand.14. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing statements is NOT right?A. The tw diplmats prtect the peple with curage.B. The tw diplmats lve the cuntry and peple deeply.C. We Chinese have a strng cuntry and are well prtected.D. Chinese passprt can get yu anywhere yu want.
【答案】11. D 12. C 13. B 14. D【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了电影《万里归途》以及这部电影成功的部分原因是中国人民对我们国家日益增长的民族自豪感和信心。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据“It tells a stry that happened in Nrth Africa.”可知电影《万里归途》讲述的是发生在北非的一个故事。故选D。12题详解】词义猜测题。根据“After a war breaks ut there,”可知当地发生了战争，结合“tw Chinese diplmats(外交官) are rdered t help evacuate the verseas Chinese.”可知外交官应该要开始协助撤侨，故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据“Chinese Embassy(大使馆) helped the evacuatin f mre than 30,000 Chinese citizens.”可知在2011年的真实事件中，有三万多的中国公民被撤离。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据“Chinese passprt might nt get yu anywhere yu want, but it can always bring yu back hme”可知中国护照可能不能带你去任何你想去的地方，但它总能带你回家，D选项表述错误，故选D。
Bk Chat ClubCalling all bk lvers aged 11 t 17 years ld!The Margaret River Bkshp and the Margaret River Library wrk tgether t start a Bk Chat Club.What is a Bk Chat Club?It’s a club fr peple aged 11—17 wh lve reading bks. Each mnth we will discuss what we have read and give recmmendatins（推荐）t ther members. There will nt be a “set” f bks that every member needs t read. Each time we will chse a different theme and yu pick a bk that yu think fits. The bk can be ne frm yur wn cllectin r smething yu have read at the schl library. Actually we dn’t mind where yu fund the bk. What we want t knw is yur thughts n it. There will be prizes fr the best review（评论）f every mnth and free snacks! If yu want t jin us, please cmplete ur sign-up sheet（报名裘）at either the Library r the Bkshp. Free Event!Time, lcatin and dates*9:30 a, m.—10:30 a. m. *Margaret River Library* Last Sunday f the mnth28 May 25 June30 July 27 August29 Octber 26 Nvember31 DecemberCall the library at 555-3721 fr mre infrmatin r visit amrlibraries.cm.
15. When can the club members take part in the activities?A. At 9:50 p. m. n May 28.B. At 9:30 a. m. n July 30.C. At 10:20 a. m. n Nvember 28.D. At 10:30 p. m. n Octber 29.16. Hw many themes will the club ffer in ttal?A. Five.B. Six.C. Seven.D. Eight.17. What can we knw abut the Bk Chat Club?A. Each member has a required bk list every mnth.B. The best reviewer can nly get free snacks as the prize.C. The bk lvers aged 11—17 dn’t have t pay t jin the Bk Chat Club.D. The bk lvers aged 11—17 can visit amrlibraries.cm t cmplete sign-up sheets.
【答案】15. B 16. C 17. C【解析】【导语】本文是图书聊天俱乐部的广告。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据“*9:30 a, m.—10:30 a. m.”以及“30 July”可知7月30日上午9:30俱乐部成员可以参加活动，故选B。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据“Each mnth we will discuss what we have read and give recmmendatins（推荐）t ther time we will chse a different theme and yu pick a bk that yu think fits.”以及“* Last Sunday f the mnth”下的七个日期可知，俱乐部总共提供7个主题。故选C。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据“If yu want t jin us, please cmplete ur sign-up sheet（报名裘）at either the Library r the Bkshp. Free Event!”可知11到17岁的图书爱好者无需付费即可加入图书聊天俱乐部。故选C。
China has sent the final sectin f its Tiangng space statin int space. After a 13-hur trip, the new sectin, knwn as Mengtian, dcked(对接) with Tiangng space statin n the early mrning f Nvember 1st, 2022, finally cmpleting it. The new sectin was launched frm Hainan Island in the suth f China. Fr years, China has been wrking hard t create its wn space statin. Last year, China began t launch three mdules(舱) f Tiangng space statin, ne at a time. The main mdule, Tianhe, was launched in April 2021. It hlds the pwer surce and main cntrls fr the statin, as well as the astrnauts’ living area. In July 2022, China launched its first labratry mdule, Wentian, which is the cuntry’s largest ever spacecraft.
The new mdule, Mengtian (meaning “dreaming f the heavens”), is als designed as a labratry. It is abut 18 meters lng and has 8 special research areas fr experiments(实验). Mengtian is set up s that experiments can als be run utside the mdule itself. Chinese astrnauts can use special rbtic arms t run experiments frm inside Tiangng. China’s space prgram is wrking with the Eurpean Space Agency n sme experiments n the Mengtian, China says that ne day, freign astrnauts will als be able t visit Tiangng. Tiangng space statin is expected t last 10 t 15 years. Thugh the Mengtian mdule cmpletes the statin, China culd add mre mdules in the future. China’s space prgram has grwn greatly in recent years with a series f successes. In 2020, fr example, its Chang’e 5 prbe returned t the earth carrying mn rcks. Thse were the first mn samples brught t the earth since the 1970s.
18. The meaning f the underlined wrd “launched” in the first paragraph is the clsest t “________”.A. sent upB. landedC. taken ffD. set up19. Which mdule is the astrnauts’ living area in?A. Tianhe.B. Wentian.C. Mengtian.D. It is nt mentined.20. When was China’s largest spacecraft launched?A. In 2020.B. In April 2021.C. In July 2022.D. On Nvember 1st, 2022.21. Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE?A. N mre mdules can be dcked with Tiangng in the future.B. Chang’e 5 prbe brught mn rcks back t the earth in 2020.C. China created Tiangng space statin tgether with Eurpean Space Agency.D. Chinese astrnauts can’t use rbtic arms t run experiments frm inside Tiangng.
【答案】18. A 19. A 20. C 21. B【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了中国在航天事业上的发展。【18题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段“Fr years, China has been wrking hard t create its wn space statin. Last year, China began t launch three mdules(舱) f Tiangng space statin, ne at a time.”可知多年来，中国一直在努力建设自己的空间站。去年，中国应该是开始发射天宫空间站的三个模块，一次一个，所以第一段的launched表示“发射”，和sent up近义，故选A。【19题详解】细节理解题。根据“The main mdule, Tianhe, was launched in April 2021. It hlds the pwer surce and main cntrls fr the statin, as well as the astrnauts’ living area.”可知宇航员的生活区在天河舱，故选A。【20题详解】细节理解题。根据“In July 2022, China launched its first labratry mdule, Wentian, which is the cuntry’s largest ever spacecraft.”可知2022年7月，中国发射了有史以来最大的航天器。故选C。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据“In 2020, fr example, its Chang’e 5 prbe returned t the earth carrying mn’ rcks.”可知2020年，嫦娥五号探测器将月球岩石带回了地球。故选B。