中考英语阅读理解-文章来源类 课件

这是一份中考英语阅读理解-文章来源类 课件，共30页。PPT课件主要包含了题型分析，真题实例等内容，欢迎下载使用。
阅读理解满分技巧之文章出处解题常见答案：a) 广告：推荐商品或服务，标明价格和购买方式等b) 传记：介绍个人生平故事c) 网站：出现.cm 等网络用语d) 产品说明：详细介绍某产品的用法、用量、使用步骤和其他注意事项e) 报纸新闻：文章前面会有地名或时间f) 各类杂志：以【大众语言】介绍各种专业性的话题g) 教科书：以【非常严谨】的语言介绍专业性的话题h) 科学报告或研究论文：出现 research/survey/experiment 等词
推断文章来源或读者对象类推断文章的来源或者读者对象要求考生具备一定的常识，这样才能把文章的内容与自己已经具备的常识结合起来做出准确推断。因此，考生平常要博览样书，扩大知识面，对报纸、杂志、网络、科普知识、小、童话、广告、各类说明书、操作指南等要有所涉猎，样才能选出最佳答案。
提问方式：Where wuld this passage mst prbably appear?Where des the text prbably cme frm?What kind f peple is the text mainly meant fr?解题技巧对于推断读者对象类试题，考生首先要通读全文，弄清楚文章的中心话题是什么，文章中讨论的是哪些方面的问题。然后仔细研读试题，把文章的中心话题归纳到话题范围之内。最后使用排除法，这样就很容易选出正确答案。
判断文章出处Every living thing On Earth is either a plant r an animal, right? Wrng! Many rganisms (有机体) in Our wrld are neither. ……What are these? They are called fungi (菌类), and yu see them almst every day. Many kinds f fungi seem disgusting, such as the green black things that appear n the fd which are left t lng in the refrigeratr. But ther kinds are nt s bad. Fr example, the yeast that is used t make bread and mushrms (蘑菇) are bth fungi.Where can yu mst prbably find this passage?A. In a scial reprt. B. In a bilgy bk.C. In a gegraphy magazine. D. In a farming bk.解析：根据文章第一段第二句Many rganisms(有机体) in ur wrld are neither.可知本篇文章应该选自生物书，故本题答案选择B项。
解题技巧　　这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：　　(1)报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。　　(2)广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认。　　(3)产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。
D yu always understand the directins n a bttle f medicine? D yu knw what is meant by “Take nly as directed?” Read the fllwing directins and see if yu understand them.　　T reduce pain, take tw tablets(药片) with water, fllwed by ne tablet every eight hurs, as required. Fr night-time and early mrning relief (缓解疼痛) take tw tablets at bedtime. D nt take mre than six tablets in twenty-fur hurs.　　Fr children six t twelve years ld, give half the amunt (量). Fr children under six years ld, ask yur dctr’s advice.　　Reduce the amunt if yu suffer frm restlessness r sleeplessness after taking the medicine.　　●This text is mst prbably taken frm a ______.　　A. textbk B. newsreel C. dctr’s ntebk D. bttle f medicine　　【解题思路分析】此题极易误选D。的确，人们常在药瓶上的说明中看到文章直接引语部分的文字内容，但是像第一段这样的内容不可能出现在药瓶上。由此可见，这一段文章应选自教科书中有关如何读服药说明的课文，故选A。
The music band Cldplay is taking actins t prtect the envirnment. This includes using their fans’ energy t help prvide electricity fr their perfrmances. In this way, they use electricity withut adding carbn gases (碳气体) t the air. The band hpes t cut the amunt f CO2 given ut by its business activities by 50 percent.The Cldplay stars have added special dance flrs and energy-string bicycles t their latest wrld tur perfrmance. The purpse is t get fans t help prduce electricity by dancing and riding. Each dance flr can supprt many peple. It creates electricity when peple mve n it. Each f the bikes can create an average f 200 watts (瓦特) f electricity. In rder t encurage fans t dance r ride mre during the perfrmance, they even have cmpetitins t find ut which grup f fans can create the mst electricity.
“Being green is a gd business mdel. That’s what we’d like t shw,” said Cldplay lead singer Chris Martin. “The changes will bring a sense f belnging t the fans. Everything in ur shw is planned t bring everyne int the same grup, singing tgether. It makes us feel part f a cmmunity.”Cldplay has taken ther steps t prtect the envirnment. One f its tur stages (舞台) uses recycled steel. The band als hpes t set up the wrld’s first tur battery (电池) system, made frm 40 recycled electric car batteries. The hpe is t pwer the whle shw with batteries. “It’s very expensive t try these things fr the first time,” said Martin, “but we are very happy that we are changing.”Cldplay is just ne music grup wrking t help the envirnment. Sme ther famus bands are als taking such steps.
8. What des Cldplay use their fans’ energy t d?A. T create 200 watts f electricity.B. T prvide pwer fr their shws.C. T cut their business activities by 50%.D. T make their perfrmances wnderful.9. What des the underlined wrd “It” in the secnd paragraph refer t (指代)?A. The flr.B. The band.C. The stage.D. The bicycle.10. Hw des Cldplay encurage fans t dance and ride mre?A. By helping them t buy bicycles.B. By living in the same cmmunity.C. By traveling arund the wrld with them.D. By having electricity-creating cmpetitins.11. Which ways are intrduced t prtect the envirnment in the passage? ①Riding energy-string bicycles. ②Driving r taking electric cars. ③Recycling electric car batteries. ④Building stages with recycled steel.A. ①②③B. ②③④C. ①③④D. ①②④
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了酷玩乐队采用了哪些措施来保护环境的。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据“The music band Cldplay is taking actins t prtect the envirnment. This includes using their fans’ energy t help prvide electricity fr their perfrmances.”可知，利用粉丝的能量为他们的表演提供电力。故选B。【9题详解】词句猜测题。根据“Each dance flr can supprt many peple. It creates electricity when peple mve n it. ”可知，每个舞池可以容纳很多人。当人们在上面移动时，它就会发电，所以划线单词it指代的是“Each dance flr ”。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据“In rder t encurage fans t dance r ride mre during the perfrmance, they even have cmpetitins t find ut which grup f fans can create the mst electricity.”可知，为了鼓励粉丝们在表演期间多跳舞或骑自行车，他们甚至举行比赛，看哪一组粉丝能产生最大的电力。故选D。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据文中“The Cldplay stars have added special dance flrs and energy-string bicycles f its tur stages (舞台) uses recycled band als hpes t set up the wrld’s first tur battery (电池) system, made frm 40 recycled electric car batteries. ”可知，文中提到了骑储能自行车，回收电动汽车电池和用再生钢材建造舞台。故选C。
Fr the first time, scientists have grwn plants in mn sil (土壤) cllected by NASA’s Apll astrnauts.The scientists had n idea if anything wuld grw in mn sil. They wanted t see if it culd be used t grw plants. Rbert Ferl f the University f Flrida was surprised with the results. “Plants actually grw in mn sil” he said.Ferl and ther researchers planted thale cress, a small flwering plant, in mn sil. The gd news was that all f the seeds (种子) grew. The bad news was that after the first week, they grew slwly. Mst f the plants ended up small and nt fully develped.
Scientists fund that the lnger the sil was n the mn, the wrse the plants seemed t grw. The sil cllected by the Apll 11 was the least helpful fr grwth. It was a cuple billin years lnger. One slutin might be t use yunger sil n the mn, like lava (火山岩浆), r put in sme special nutrient (营养物) mixtures.Only 382 kilgrams f mn rcks and sil were brught back by the six Apll grups that landed n the mn. Early last year, NASA finally gave ut 12 grams f sil fr the planting experiment (实验).The Flrida scientists hpe t reuse their mn sil later this year, planting mre thale cress befre pssibly mving n t ther plants.A scientist said “Grwing plants is a big step frward. The real next step is t g and d it n the surface f the mn.”
12. What did Rbert Ferl think f the results f the planting experiment?A. Surprising.B. Disappinting.C. Awful.D. Regretful.13. What d the Flrida scientists plan t d this year?A. T find sme yunger sil n the mn.B T make sme special nutrient mixtures.C. T plant sme ther plants in new mn sil.D. T use the mn sil again in the experiment.14. What may be the real purpse f the planting experiment?A. T cllect mre sil frm the mn.B. T send mre scientists t the mn.C. T grw plants n the mn surface.D. T plant mre thale cress n the mn.15. What can we infer (推断) frm the passage?A. Mst f the plants grew well after tw weeks.B. The sil cllected by the Apll 11 is the ldest.C. It is easy fr astrnauts t bring back mn sil.D. Scientists fund n ways t imprve the experiment.
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一项关于月球上的土壤是否可以用来种植作物的研究。12题详解】细节理解题。根据“Rbert Ferl f the University f Flrida was surprised with the results.”可知，佛罗里达大学的Rbert Ferl对结果感到惊讶。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据“The Flrida scientists hpe t reuse their mn sil later this year, planting mre thale cress befre pssibly mving n t ther plants.”可知，佛罗里达的科学家们希望在今年晚些时候重新利用他们的月球土壤，在可能种植其他植物之前种植更多的芥蓝。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据“Grwing plants is a big step frward. The real next step is t g and d it n the surface f the mn.”可知，种植植物是向前迈出的一大步，真正的下一步是在月球表面进行。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据“Scientists fund that the lnger the sil was n the mn, the wrse the plants seemed t grw. The sil cllected by the Apll 11 was the least helpful fr grwth.”可知，科学家们发现，月球上的土壤时间越长，植物生长得越糟糕，阿波罗11号收集的土壤对作物生长的帮助最小。由此推知，阿波罗11号收集的土壤是最古老的，故选B。
The thing that I really miss mst is playing with my friends. We were a big grup f arund 15 friends r mre. We usually played balls in the parking lt. Our neighbrs ften talked abut ur faults because smetimes the ball hit the cars r brke the street lights, mst f the time we shuted t ludly and made them annyed.We played every day frm abut 4 p.m. t 6 p.m.. After that, we went back hme t take a shwer, have dinner and then met again. In the evening, we talked abut many different tpics such as cllecting stamps, fishing, cartns, ppular film stars. Even thugh sme f us had a different pinin abut smething smetimes, we never had an angry argument with each ther. A few years later, we stpped playing because we grew up. We didn’t have enugh time t d things tgether. Sme f us started cllege, thers gt married r mved away. The grup started t be smaller and smaller. Smetimes we didn’t see each ther fr a lng time.Nwadays, I dn’t hear frm them. I wish I culd meet them again t remember all thse gd times that we had in ur childhd.
11. The underlined wrd “annyed” in Paragraph 1 means “_________”.A. deafB. happyC. angryD. surprised12. Hw ften did they play tgether?A. Every day.B. Once a week.C. Twice a week.D. Three times a week.13. They stpped playing after sme years because _________.A. they started cllegeB. they mved awayC. they were marriedD. they grew up
【答案】11. C 12. A 13. D【解析】【导语】本文讲述了作者儿时的一个小团体随着人们逐渐长大，有的上大学了，有的结婚搬走了，这个团体原来越小，作者很怀念这个团队，希望能再见到团队成员。【11题详解】词义猜测题。根据“Our neighbrs ften talked abut ur faults because smetimes the ball hit the cars r brke the street lights, mst f the time we shuted t ludly and made them annyed.”可知，因为作者他们大声喊叫，使邻居们很恼火，所以单词“annyed”指的是“恼火的”，故选C。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据“We played every day frm abut 4 p.m. t 6 p.m..”可知，作者他们每天都在一起玩，故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据“A few years later, we stpped playing because we grew up.”可知，几年后，我们不再玩了，因为我们长大了，故选D。
It was a very cld day and the wind was blwing. But Li Yungang didn’t feel it. He even felt ht. After all, this 14-year-ld student frm Beijing Jingshan Schl was cutting grass fr three hurs.This was the first time this city by had dne any farm wrk. “It was nt that easy. My legs and arms were sre,” he said.Frm nw n, mre Beijing middle schl students will have a similar experience. Mre than 5,500 students frm 13 city middle schls will take part in a ne-week farm wrk prgram in the autumn and spring, accrding t the Beijing Municipal Educatin Cmmissin.Abut 250 students frm Beijing Jing Schl tk part in it frm Oct. 25 t 30. They dug peanuts（花生）, cut grass, swept fallen leaves and did ther farm wrk.Lin Ruhan, 13 thught the wrk was hard, but she a felt it was very enjyable. “When we dig peanuts ut, we must be quick t pick them up. If nt, they may be cvered in the grund again. We must be patient and wrk as a team,” she said.
But when she tasted the fresh peanuts, she felt happy. “I had never eaten such sweet peanuts befre,” she said.Sme f her classmates als learned what kind f fruits and peanuts grw in the grund. “We learned a lt abut farming by seeding（播种）them rather than just reading abut them in textbks,” she said.The farm nt nly gave them knwledge but als gave them a new view. “I didn’t see high buildings, but instead clrful leaves and endless fields. I felt very cmfrtable, and I felt clser t nature,” said Qin Yupeng, 14.
14. What’s the writer’s purpse f writing the passage?A. T intrduce a helpful prgram.B. T shw us hw t d farm wrk.C. T praise sme students frm city.D. T tell us knwledge abut farming.15. Lin Ruhan thught the farm wrk was _________.A. difficult and bringB. easy but bringC. easy and interestingD. difficult but enjyable16. Where can yu prbably read the passage?A. In a strybk.B. In a newspaper.C. In a science bk.D. In a travel magazine.
【答案】14. A 15. D 16. B【解析】【导语】本文讲述了中学将在秋季和春季参加为期一周的农活计划，以及学生们的感受等。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据“Frm nw n, mre Beijing middle schl students will have a similar experience. Mre than 5,500 students frm 13 city middle schls will take part in a ne-week farm wrk prgram in the autumn and spring, accrding t the Beijing Municipal Educatin Cmmissin.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了介绍一个有用的计划，故选A。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据“Lin Ruhan, 13thught the wrk was hard, but she a felt it was very enjyable.”可知，林若涵认为这份工作很辛苦，但她觉得很享受，故选D。【16题详解】推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是介绍中学将在秋季和春季参加为期一周的农活计划，以及学生们的感受，应该是在报纸上能看到这篇文章，故选B。
Biking keeps yu fit. It is a clean and green way t get t wrk it yu live clse enugh. Als, it’s cheaper than driving a car.Biking has s many advantages, but why aren’t there mre bikers n city rads? Accrding t a survey, the number ne reasn is the wrry abut rad safety.Sharing the rad with cars can be dangerus. Omar Bakhshi experienced this when a car kncked him dwn, which had bad effects n his taste and smell fr life. Bakhshi realized that what happened t him wasn’t unusual.Because bikers ften experience dangers with cars, Bakhshi set ut t make rads safer t share. He started a cmpany, Tether, t imprve safety cnditins fr city bikers.
Tether’s inventin is a smart sensr (传感器) that ges n a bike’s handlebars (把手). As the biker rides thrugh the city, the inventin makes a “safety zne (地带)” f lights nt the rad. These lights will make cars pay attentin t the rules f sharing the rad. If cars get t clse t the biker’s persnal spaces, the lights will start flashing.What makes Bakhshi’s inventin different is its smart features (特点). Tether’s tl cllects data (数据) frm these biking accidents. The data is rganized int a central database and can be used t chse which streets are safer fr bikers.Nt nly can bikers chse a better way t avid heavy traffic by using the data, but Bakhshi plans t share the data with the gvernment.Walking, biking, driving and public transprtatin all have different advantages and disadvantages. When all rad users can share the same level f safety knwledge, everyne can get where they need t g quickly and safely.
14. Why aren’t there mre bikers n city rads accrding t the passage?A. Because peple can’t affrd bikes.B. Because peple can’t ride bikes.C. Because peple like t drive cars mre.D. Because peple wrry abut rad safety.15. What happened t Bakhshi befre he started Tether?A. He lst his new bike by accident.B. He failed t invent a bike.C. He had an accident when riding a bike.D. He hurt a man when driving a car.16. Hw des Tether’s inventin imprve safety cnditins?A. By making a “safety zne” f lights.B. By making the bike strnger.C. By making the bike much cheaper.D. By making peple drive cars less.17. What can be the best title fr the passage?A. The life in green cheap styleB. An experience f driving a carC. The wrry abut data lifeD. New technlgy fr biking safety
【答案】14. D 15. C 16. A 17. D【解析】【导语】本文介绍了一个让骑车更安全的发明。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据“Biking has s many advantages, but why aren’t there mre bikers n city rads? Accrding t a survey, the number ne reasn is the wrry abut rad safety.”可知城市道路没有太多自行车的原因是人们担心道路安全问题。故选D。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据“Sharing the rad with cars can be dangerus. Omar Bakhshi experienced this when a car kncked him dwn, which had bad effects n his taste and smell fr life.”和“Because bikers ften experience dangers with cars, Bakhshi set ut t make rads safer t share. He started a cmpany, Tether, t imprve safety cnditins fr city bikers.”可知Bakhshi一次在路上被车撞倒出现事故，然后他开始了一家公司Tether，改善骑车环境。故选C。
【16题详解】细节理解题。根据“As the biker rides thrugh the city, the inventin makes a ‘safety zne (地带)’ f lights nt the rad. These lights will make cars pay attentin t the rules f sharing the rad. If cars get t clse t the biker’s persnal spaces, the lights will start flashing.”可知Tether发明时为自行车提供一个“安全地带”，如果车辆太靠近，灯光就会闪。故选A。【17题详解】最佳标题。根据“Tether’s inventin is a smart sensr (传感器) that ges n a bike’s handlebars (把手). As the biker rides thrugh the city, the inventin makes a ‘safety zne (地带)’ f lights nt the rad. ”和全文内容可知，本文介绍了一个让骑车更安全的新发明。故选D。