中考英语阅读理解-细节理解类课件

这是一份中考英语阅读理解-细节理解类课件，共31页。PPT课件主要包含了题型分析，真题实例等内容，欢迎下载使用。
In his seventh grade, the writer _____.解析:细节理解题。询问“7 年级时的情况”，选项均为具体动作。在文段的第一句就提到了关键词:7 年级 the seventh grade，可据此确定答案来源于该段，即“When I was in the seventh grade, I had prblems behaving.”与选项 B 一致。
细节理解答题技巧在应用文中的运用在考试中，试题以完整的形式出现，需要考生认真研读题干，厘清需要找到什么信 息，从而在文章中找到出处，以选出正确答案。例题1：Hw much des yur mther d fr yu? She taught yu t walk, helped yu learn t read and lks after yu every day. And yu culd never thank her enugh fr everything.Q: Accrding t the passage, what did yur mther d fr yu?A. Taught yu t walk.B. Helped yu learn t readC. Tk care f yuD. All f the abve.答案：D，根据划线部分可知A，B，C都是，故选择D。
例题2：Mr. Brwn was brn in a pr family. （D）He culdn’t g t schl when he was yung. （A）Nw he’s a prter and wrks at a statin. （C）He desn't think it necessary t knw sme knwledge f science. His sn. Bill, began t g t schl last year. The by likes nthing except playing. He desn't listen t the teachers in class and can't d his hmewrk after class. It's the hardest thing fr him t d math exercises. And he wants t drp it.Q: Which f the fllwing is true?A. Mr. Brwn was ging t be a prter when he was yung.B. Mr. Brwn's parents were t pr t send him t schl.C. Mr. Brwn wasn't interested in science when he was yung.D. There was n schl in Mr. Brwn's hmetwn.答案：B，首先要知道题目让我们选择的是正确的一项，根据划线部分可得出答案为B。他现在是一个行李搬运工，而不是以前，A错误；Mr Brwn 现在认为没有必要知道一些科学知识，C错误；根据第二句话可知因为家里穷没有上学，而不是没有学校，D错误。
从近几年的中考阅读理解题来看，细节理解题在各地区的试卷中都占有相当大的比例，因此不容忽视。细节理解题主要考查考生在快速阅读文章的同时，能从中获取某些特定信息或理解特定信息的能力。其考查内容主要涉及：①时间、地点、人物、事件等具体的细节；②议论文中的例证细节；③数字，如时间、年龄、金额、数量等细节；④原因或结果等细节；⑤定义类细节。该类试题要求考生在做题时培养快速定位相关细节的能力。
事实细节题一般包括直接理解题和间接理解题。前者在原文中可直接找到答案，常用wh，what，which，when，where，why和hw等提问，或是判断正误；后者需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行意思上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后才能得出结论。常见的命题形式有：What can we learn abut……frm the passage？Hw many… the speaker refer t？Why did the tw men never talk abut……？All the fllwing are mentined except_______?Which f the fllwing is true/right/false/wrng （abut…）？
解题技巧：细节理解题常用的方法是“寻读法”，当我们看到题干，判断是细节题时，心里要决定采取“寻读法”，然后读题带着题干信息快速浏览短文，找到与问题有关的词语或句子，对相关部分进行分析，对比，最后得出答案。需要注意的是，有些细节题是直接给出了答案，有些则是间接给出了答案，我们可能需要用到同义词，或反义词，或者不同的表达方式。至于数字计算题，我们可能还需要进行计算。总之，做这类题，要采用寻读法，快速定位，然后细心分析，看是有直接答案还是需要间接转换还是间接总结，归纳。
细节题主要考查考生对文章中阐述主题的细节与具体事实的把握能力。内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。细节理解题常见的提问形式：(1)特殊疑问词提问类型•When can yu g •Where •Hw many ways •We can learn frm the last paragraph that ______.•Yu may... because...
(2)True r NOT true 是非判断类型•Which f the fllwing is NOT mentined in the passage?•Which f the fllwing is TRUE?•Which f the fllwing is NOT true?•Which f the fllwing is true EXCEPT________【关键词】 5W1H（WHAT, WHY, WHERE, WHO, WHICH, HOW）、TRUE、FALSE、EXCEPT 、NOT true
细节理解题的特点:1.正确答案常见特征为:等价替换 。凡属针对特定细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语,也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子,但句式、用词和表达方式不同。2. 干扰项常见错误有：（1）无中生有：文章中并未提及该对象；（2）张冠李戴：将若干个考查对象混淆；（3）以偏概全: 以部分代替所有；
在英语试题中，阅读理解占较多分值和比重，其中重要的考查内容就是细节理解 题。下面为考生介绍细节理解题的特点和作答方法、技巧。细节理解题主要考查对文章(或某一段落)中某特定事实信息的捕捉和理解能力，考 查的信息内容在文段中已给出具体细节信息，选项具有直接且无干扰项的特点。多出现 在阅读理解的 A、B 篇及阅读表达中。问题多涉及 When，Wh，Where，What，Why，Hw many/much 等。解题方法:先根据问题确定出处，然后分析选项异同，最后确定答案。
细节理解答题技巧在片段中的运用【例 1】When I was in the seventh grade, I had prblems behaving. My heart was in the right place, but I culdn’t always fllw the rules. I played many tricks n my schlmates. Once, I even pulled a girl’s hair n the schl bus t get her attentin. As a result, I was repeatedly sent t the ffice f the principal(校长). Althugh I hated ging there, I did nt hate the principal，Mr. Ratcliff.In his seventh grade, the writer prblems behaving答案:B解析:细节理解题。询问“7 年级时的情况”，选项均为具体动作。在文段的第一句就提到了关键词:7 年级 the seventh grade，可据此确定答案来源于该段，即“When I was in the seventh grade, I had prblems behaving.”与选项 B 一致。
细节干扰项特征(1)是原文信息，但不是题目所要求的信息；(2)符合常识，但不是文章内容；(3)与原文内容及其相似，只是在程度上有些变动（通常过于绝对化的词不要选）；(4)部分正确，部分错误；(5)张冠李戴。
例题：The children’s answers were generally grwth f mral understanding in early childhd. （D）Mre f the fur-t-five-year-lds thught the child in the stry wuld feel better keeping the stlen candy, lying and getting unpunished. They imagined the parent in the study wuld be angry with the child wh cnfessed. Hwever, the seven-t-nine-year-lds were mre likely（可能的）t think the child wuld feel better cnfessr.Q: What did smith and his wrkmates find in their study?A. Older kids are mre likely than yunger children t cnfess t a bad act.B. Yunger children are mre likely than lder kids t cnfess t a bad act.C. The fur-t-five-year-lds wuld feel better cnfessing the crime.D. The seven-t-nine-year-lds thught parents wuld be angry with their cnfessins.答案：A，本题带了一点的推理题在里面，不可以直接得出答案，需要转换一下思路。根据第二句话可知D选项错误，应该是4-5岁的孩子认为承认错误父母会生气；根据最后一句话可知B和C错误，A选项正确。注：本道题很好的体现了部分正确和部分错误以及张冠李戴这种现象，做题时要注意动作发生的主语是谁。
The Heze Peny Internatinal Cmmunicatin Frum(HPICF) was recently held in Heze, a city in Shandng Prvince. Heze, knwn as the “Peny Capital f China”, was put n the wrld stage. Peple frm hme and abrad came t the city and shared their ideas. The HPICF prvided a platfrm fr prmting (促进) peny cultural exchanges.Flwers are very imprtant in every culture and they stand fr lve, friendship and happiness. Heze penies have becme a bridge t spread lve and friendship arund the wrld. The flwer has a meaning f wealth, luck and prsperity (繁荣). In recent years, Heze penies have shwn in many imprtant mments and als served as a special symbl t prmte exchanges between China and the ther cuntries.
Heze has a histry f mre than 1,500 years f peny planting. It nw has a peny planting area f abut 26,667 hectares (公顷) and 1,280 kinds f penies. In the near future, peny gardens will be built all ver the wrld t prmte cultural exchanges.Heze sets an example f hw a city can make use f its treasure, like the peny culture, t cnnect with the wrld. The city has taken full advantage f its peny culture nt nly thrugh the beauty, the petry and art, but als thrugh the internatinal trade. The peny business in Heze has included bth sightseeing (观光)and different kinds f prducts, such as seed il, tea, csmetics and healthy fd. Its peny prducts have been brught t ver 30 cuntries arund the wrld.
32. Why was the Heze Peny Internatinal Cmmunicatin Frum held?A. T build a bridge in Shandng Prvince.B. T help peple frm hme and abrad.C. T prmte peny cultural exchanges.33. The peny has a meaning f ________ accrding t Paragraph 2.A. wealth, luck and prsperityB. sharing, speed and friendshipC. kindness, health and happiness34. What can we knw abut Heze peny?A. It has 1,280 different kinds f clrs.B. It has a planting histry f ver 1,500 years.C. It’s grwn in a garden f abut 26,667 hectares.35. What des the underlined wrd “csmetics” refer t?A. A manager wh sells penies.B. A place f peny planting.C. A kind f peny prduct.
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了菏泽牡丹。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据“Peple frm hme and abrad came t the city and shared their ideas. The HPICF prvided a platfrm fr prmting (促进) peny cultural exchanges.”可知是为了促进牡丹文化交流。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据“The flwer has a meaning f wealth, luck and prsperity (繁荣).”可知牡丹象征着财富、好运和繁荣。故选A。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据“Heze has a histry f mre than 1,500 years f peny planting.”可知菏泽种植牡丹已有1500多年的历史。故选B。【35题详解】词义猜测题。根据“Its peny prducts have been brught t ver 30 cuntries arund the wrld.”（牡丹产品远销世界30多个国家。）结合“The peny business in Heze has included bth sightseeing (观光) and different kinds f prducts, such as seed il, tea, csmetics and healthy fd.”可知此处的csmetics是一种牡丹产品，故选C。
Peter Rabbit hps int Beijing’s UCCA LabThe wrld-famus Peter Rabbit and his friends, frm British nvelist Beatrix Ptter’s children’s bks, jumped int the UCCA Lab in Beijing, ready t take children and adults n a new adventure with an exhibitin. Once visitrs cme t the exhibitin. Ptter’s life stries, which describe her as a writer f mre than 60 bks, a wise businesswman and a nature lver, will spread befre them.First, Peter’s family, all in sculptures (雕塑) greet visitrs in a “rabbit hle”. Then they are led int Ptter’s living rm and can discver her lve fr nature thrugh all thse rcks and insects (昆虫) she cllected as a child. They can als read the first versin (版本) f The Tale f Peter Rabbit, which Ptter wrte fr the five-year-ld sn f her friend. Then visitrs start “A Great Adventure” in the garden. Here visitrs can take part in activities frm hide-and-seek and saving Peter Rabbit t a flwer pt (花盆) wrkshp, t get knwledge abut plants and animals, and a fuller understanding f the her’s adventurus spirit.
In the third part. “A Fierce Battle”, visitrs can watch the scene (场景) in The Tale f Mr. Td, where Peter Rabbit and Benjamin are having a fight with their neighbrs t save Benjamin’s stlen baby.After Peter Rabbit’s adventures cme t an end, “Tell Me Anther Stry”, the furth part, guides visitrs int a tailr (裁缝) shp, where visitrs can try n all the clthes wrn by Ptter’s animal characters.The exhibitin ends in “A Beautiful Legacy (遗产)”, where the visitrs are encuraged t express whatever they want t say abut Ptter and her literary (文学的) wrks thrugh writing r drawing.The exhibitin will give peple a deeper understanding f Ptter’s wrks and her cmmitment (贡献) t nature cnservatin (保护), accrding t the Beijing museum.If yu g: Tuesday t Sunday, 10am t 7pm, befre Septembers 5; UCCA Lab, 798 Art District, N.4 Jiuxianqia L.u, Chayang District, Beijing
6. What des the passage intrduce?A. An exhibitin.B. Peter Rabbit.C. Beatrix Ptter.D. Beatrix Ptter’s bks.7. What can visitrs d during their visiting?A. Cllect rcks and insects.B. Read the first versin f The Tale f Peter Rabbit.C. Act a rle in The Tale f Mr. Td.D. Have a fight with their neighbrs.8. What can visitrs learn abut Beatrix Ptter?A. She lved nature since she was a child.B. She wrte The Tale f Peter Rabbit fr her sn.C. She had a tailr shp.D. She wrte many bks abut nature cnservatin.
9. What are visitrs encuraged t d at the end f the visiting?A. Play hide-and-seek.B. Make sme flwer pts.C. Try n clthes f Ptter’s animal characters.D. Write r draw abut Ptter and her literary wrks.10 Where is the passage mst prbably frm?A. A newspaper.B. A stry bk.C. A play.D. A survey.
【答案】6. A 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. A【解析】【导语】本文主要是一则有关比得兔展览的广告信息。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据“ready t take children and adults n a new adventure with an exhibitin”可知，这篇文章介绍的是一个展览，故选A。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据“They can als read the first versin (版本) f The Tale f Peter Rabbit”可知，他们可以阅读第一个版本《The Tale f Peter Rabbit》，故选B。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据“Then they are led int Ptter’s living rm and can discver her lve fr nature thrugh all thse rcks and insects (昆虫) she cllected as a child.”可知，她从小就热爱大自然，故选A。
【9题详解】细节理解题。根据“where the visitrs are encuraged t express whatever they want t say abut Ptter and her literary (文学的) wrks thrugh writing r drawing”可知，鼓励参观者通过写作或绘画来表达他们对波特和她的文学作品的任何看法，故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要是一则有关比得兔展览的广告信息，最可能来自报纸，故选A。
Scientists train AI t read human thughtsScientists have created a new tl that can turn peple’s thughts int wrds. It wrks by using an AI prgram called GPT-1 t translate brain activity wrds. In rder t achieve this, scientists did a lt.First, scientists gt everything ready befre the tests. They invited sme vlunteers. Each spent sixteen hurs listening t stries in a scanner (扫描仪). They imagined the stries as they heard them, and the scanner recrded their brain activity. GPT-1 made cnnectins between the ideas in the stries and the recrdings f the listeners’ brain activity.Then came the tests. The scientists did them in three different ways.Test 1The researchers played a new stry. GPT-1 was nly given recrdings f the vlunteers’ brain activity. But the wrds that GPT-1 predicted (预测) were very similar t the wrds in the stry that they were listening t. The wrds weren’t exactly the same, but they ften carried the same meaning. Fr example, when a vlunteer was listening t a stry abut a wman wh didn't have a driver’s license (驾照), the prgram came up with this: “She hasn’t even started t learn t drive yet.”
Test 2The scientists als carried ut the test when vlunteers imagined their wn stries. “It really wrks at the level f ideas. The ideas are the same but expressed in different wrds,” says Alexander Huth, ne f the scientists behind the study. Test 3The researchers shwed the vlunteers silent mvies, with n spken wrds at all. GPT-1 culd still figure ut (算出) the basic ideas.After the tests, the scientists say that GPT-1 is the first AI prgram t turn what peple are thinking int wrds withut brain surgery (外科手术). The tl isn’t smething that can be easily used tday, mainly because f the size and the cst f the scanner. In the future, they believe, a similar but cheaper tl culd help peple wh have lst the ability t speak because f an injury r disease.The scientists say their tl can’t be used t “read peple’s minds” withut permissin (允许). The tl nly wrks if the persn wants t share their thughts.
16. What was the scanner used t d?A. Recrd brain activity.B. Read the vlunteers’ ideas.C. Catch the ideas f stries.D. Wrk ut the ideas.17. What was GPT-1 used t d?A. Receive sunds.B. Test the scanner.C. Prduce silent mvies.D. Tum recrdings f brain activity int wrds.18. In which way was infrmatin put int vlunteers’ brain in Test 3?A. Listening.B. Imagining.C. Watching.D. Reading.19. Why did scientists d the tests?A. T shw hw the tl wrks.B. T prve that the tl wrks well.C. T test in which fields the tl can be used.D. T study whse mind can be read.20. Wh culd the tl help accrding t the passage?A. Peple wh can’t speak.B. Peple wh can’t hear.C. Peple wh can’t read.D. Peple wh can’t drive.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. A【解析】【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家们创造了一种新的工具，可以把人们的思想转化为文字。【16题详解】细节理解题。根据“and the scanner recrded their brain activity.”可知扫描仪记录大脑活动。故选A。【17题详解】细节理解题。根据“It wrks by using an AI prgram called GPT-1 t translate brain activity wrds.”可知GPT-1把大脑活动的记录转化成文字。故选D。【18题详解】细节理解题。根据“The researchers shwed the vlunteers silent mvies, with n spken wrds at all.”可知研究人员给志愿者们看了一些无声电影，这些电影没有任何言语，所以是“看”。故选C。
【19题详解】推理判断题。根据“In rder t achieve this, scientists did a lt.”、“First, scientists gt everything ready befre the tests.”和“Then came the tests. The scientists did them in three different ways.”可知科学家们创造了一种新的工具，可以把人们的思想转化为文字，所以为了证明这个工具运行良好，所以才做测试，故选B。【20题详解】推理判断题。根据“The researchers shwed the vlunteers silent mvies, with n spken wrds at all. GPT-1 culd still figure ut (算出) the basic ideas.”（研究人员给志愿者们看了一些无声电影，这些电影没有任何言语。GPT-1仍然可以找出基本的思想。）可推断这个工具可以帮助不能说话的人。故选A。