初中英语人教新目标八年级下册语法复习现在完成时瞬间动词和延续性动词知识讲解和练习

这是一份初中英语人教新目标八年级下册语法复习现在完成时瞬间动词和延续性动词知识讲解和练习，共2页。
八年级英语下册时瞬间动词和延续性动词讲解练习一、基本认识1.瞬间动词也称为[终止性动词]和[非延续性动词]。顾名思义，这类动词所表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成，没有延续下去，动作开始到结束的时间很短。通常瞬间动词表示的是一次性动作或者动作的相应结果。不能和since/for连用。如：jump/die/ leave/ go/ /see/ hear/ come/ borrow/ begin/ close/buy等等2.延续性动词又称为[持续性动词]，这类动词表示可以持续的动作，或者状态。动作可以延续一段时间，所以这些动词就可以和since与for连用。如：stay/ keep/ be/ rain/ have / sleep/ work等等来看看例句：I have borrowed the book for five days.（我5天前就借了这本书。）这句话大家觉得是正确的还是错误的？错误的[borrow]是瞬间动词，能用于现在完成时，但不能与since/for连用。那么可以怎么修改呢？[1]改成延续性动词“keep”borrow➡️keepI have kept the book for five days.[2]改变时态，改成“一般过去时”I borrowed the book five days ago再看看一句：She has arrived here since three hours ago.（她三个小时前就已到这里了。）同样这句话大家觉得是正确的还是错误的？错误的[arrive]是瞬间动词，能用于现在完成时，但不能与since/for连用。更改[1]arrive➡️beShe has been here since three hours ago.[2]一般过去时She arrived here three hours ago.3.瞬间动词和延续性动词转换现在完成时肯定句中，瞬间动词作谓语时，不能和since/for表示一段时间的状语连用。记住瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，只能不能和since/for连用。瞬间动词可以替换为延续性动词，替换为延续性动词后，可以和since/for连用。看下面这句话：“他已经去世三年了。”去世，对应的动词，[die]。对照上表，die是瞬间动词，转换为延续性动词是be dead。如果要使用谓语动词[die]，那么就要用一般过去时;如果要和since/for连用，[die]就要替换为[be dead]。所以这句话对应的表达有5种：（1） He died three years ago.[一般过去时，标志词three years ago]（2） He has been dead for three years.[现在完成时，标志词for+一段时间]（3） He has been dead since three years ago.[现在完成时，标志词since+一段时间]（4） It is three years since he died.[It is +一段时间+一般过去时从句]（5） Three years have passed since he died.[一段时间+have/has passed+since+一般过去时从句]二、练习句子中的瞬间动词需要改为延续性动词，用适当的形式把句子补充完整。1.He died 10 years ago. He ______________ for 10 years / since 10 years ago.[has been dead]2.He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.He _____________the book for 2 weeks.[has kept]3.He bought the motorbike a month ago.He ___________the motorbike for a month.[has had]4.He arrived here three days ago. He ____________here since three days ago.[has been]6.He left here 2 years ago.He ____________from here for 2 years.[has been away]7.The film began 30 minutes ago.The film __________ for 30 minutes.[has been on]8.They closed the door an hour ago. The door ___________for an hour.[has been closed]9.He joined the army last year.He _____________ the army for a year.[has been in/ has been a menber of]