初中英语人教新目标八年级下册Unit 8 Grammar写作指导（知识点+练习题）

这是一份初中英语人教新目标八年级下册Unit 8 Grammar写作指导（知识点+练习题），共7页。
八年级英语下册 Unit 8 Grammar写作指导一、知识点【语法】现在完成时（一）现在完成时表示:(1)过去发生或已经完成的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果（即它的“完成用法”）Eg : We have just cleaned the classroom.我们刚刚已经打扫过房间。(2)过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态(即它的“未完成用法”)。注意：此时动词可能还要继续（二）常与for或since引导的时间状语（从句）连用。用how long提问，谓语动词用延续性动词for+ 时间段Eg: I have lived here for about ten years.我已经住在这大约十年了。since + 时间点Eg: We have been very busy since 5 years ago.我们从五年前就一直很忙。since + 从句(一般过去时)Eg: I have learnt English since I was 5 years old.我从五岁学英语。（三）短暂性动词变延续性动词，短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间状语连用begin(start)--be on go there--be there come back--be back come here--be here open--be open close--be closed die--be dead marry--be married finish--be over go to bed -- be in bedleave--be away return--be back get out--be out fall asleep--be asleep lose--be lostfall ill--be ill borrow--keep put on--wear/be on become--be get to know--knowbuy--have(own) receive--have catch a cold--have a cold go to sleep--sleepEg: He has bought the computer for two years.(误)-- He has had the computer for two years.他已经买这台电脑两年了。（四） 现在完成时的结构是“have/has+过去分词”。过去分词的变化分规则与不规则两种。规则变化与过去式相同，不规则变化需另记。它的否定句是在have/has 后加not ，变一般疑问句是把have/has提前。Eg: I have bought a computer. 我已经买个一台电脑。-- I have not bought a computer. 我没有买电脑。-- Have you bought a computer? 你已经买电脑了吗？（五）现在完成时的时间状语通常为already, just, yet, ever, never, before等。【积累】1.Would like sth.= want sth. 想要某物Would like to do sth.= want to do sth. 想要做某事注意：其中would为情态动词，变为疑问句时需将其提前Eg: I would like some apples.我想要一些苹果。I would like to learn to play the piano.我想要学习弹钢琴。Would you like to learn to play the piano?2.Something to eat 吃的东西此处to eat为动词不定式作后置定语Eg: Something to drink 喝的东西Something to do 做的事3.Not yet 还没有4.See the film = go to the movies 看电影Eg: Let’s go the the movies tonight. 让我们今晚去看电影吧。5.Plan (名词) “计划” make a plan 制定计划(动词) “计划” plan to do sth.计划做某事Eg: You should make a plan before you do something.你在做事之前应该制定个计划。We plan to visit Beijing next week.我们计划下周参观北京。6.Love to do sth./ love doing sth 爱做某事Eg: Sally loves reading. 莎莉爱读书。7.More than = over 超过；多余Eg: I have read more than 100 books this year. 我今年已经读了100多本书。8.Favourite (名词) “特别喜欢的人（或物）；亲信；心腹”Favourite (形容词) “最喜欢的；特别喜爱的” 其后常接名词Eg: 《Little Women》is my favourite book. 《小妇人》是我最喜欢的书。9.Be interested in doing sth.= be interested to do sth. 对做某事感兴趣Eg: The girl is interesting in reading books.= The girl is interested to read books.这个女孩对读书感兴趣。注意：interesting (形容词) “令人感兴趣的” 常常用来修饰物Interested (形容词) “感兴趣的” 常常用来修饰人Interest (名词) “兴趣”10.What + be动词 + 主语 + like? “...怎么样”Eg: What will the world be like in 50 years?50年后世界什么样？11.In 50 years 50年后In + 时间段 表示“多久之后” 常常用于将来时中，就其提问用how soon开头Eg: -- How soon will you come back? 你多久后回来？-- In two days. 两天后。12.Every time 每次Eg: Every time she is in the library, she is very happy.每次她在图书馆，她都很开心。13.Can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事Eg: I can’t wait to meet you.我迫不及待见到你。14.A bit + 形容词 “有点...”A bit of + 不可数名词 “有点...”Eg: The movie is a bit interesting.这部电影有点有趣。There is a bit of water in the bottle.瓶子里有一点水。【写作】本单元写作主题为讨论“文学及音乐”范文指导：假设你校读书俱乐部正在举办“世界文学名著欣赏”系列活动，这周阅读的名著是《格列佛游记》(Gulliver’s Travels)。请你根据下面提示写一篇短文。提示：1.这部小说由英国作家乔纳森.斯威夫特(Jonathan Swift) 创作2.书中讲述了医生格列佛四次出海航行冒险的经历3.你读完这部小说后的感受要求：1.语言流畅、语法正确2.必须包含所有提示内容，但可作适当发挥3.80词左右写作步骤：第一步：确定时态主要为一般现在时、一般过去时及现在完成时第二步：确定人称为第一人称及第三人称第三步：简要描述小说内容第四步：表述读后感受范文：This week I have read a book called Gulliver’s Travels.It was written by Jonathan Swift who was an English writer.It told a story about a doctor named Gulliver and his journey to four different countries.During his journey, he met some little people, some big people, some smart but useless people and some horses.I would like to be as brave as Gulliver.The story is full of fun.If you read it, I’m sure you will fall in love with it.二、练习题一、单项选择( )1.I ______ 《Harry Potter》many times.A.watch B.have watched C.will watch D.was watching( )2.Sarah ______ many places of interest in Beijing already.A.visited B.has visited C.will visit D.visits( )3.So far, she _______ more than 200 books this year.A.was reading B.reads C.read D.has read( )4.My hometown ________ a lot.It’ s more beautiful than before.A.has changed B.changed C.changes D.will change( )5.This movie is very interesting, I ______ it for three times.A.watched B.have watched C.watch D.am watching( )6.Harry has ______ fed the cat, but he hasn’t watered the trees ______.A.still; already B.already; yet C.yet; still D.yet; already( )7.-- Did you ______ the car last year?-- No, I have ______ it for five years.A.buy; bought B.buy; had C.had; bought D.buy; bought( )8.They _____ in the city since last summer.A.live B.didn’t live C.have lived D.live( )9.His grandfather ______ for many years.A.has died B.has been dead C.died D.is dead( )10.-- Where is your father?--He _______Beijing for two days.A.has been to B.has gone to C.has been in D.went to二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.I _____ already ______ (see) the film.I ______ (see) it last week.2._______ you _______ (finish) your work today? Not yet.3.In the past few years, great changes __________ (take) place in China.4.She ________ (be) in Shanghai for two years.5.I _________ (not read) the book , but I’ll let you read it first.三、句型转换1.He has already finished reading the book.(改为一般疑问句)______ he ______ reading the book _____?2.I have heard of the interesting story.(改为否定句)I ______ ______ of the interesting story.3.My father has taken a shower.(改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答）_______ ______ _____ ______ a shower?4.She watched the new TV play last night.(用already代替last night改写句子)She ______ ______ ______ the new TV play.5.The old man has lived here for fifty years.(就划线部分提问)______ _____ _____ the old man _____ here?四、任务型阅读Have you heard of Peter Pan? Peter Pan was a magic character.He first appeared in Wendy Darling’s room and searched for his lost shadow (影子).And Peter Pan has been very famous around the world ever since.The story was created by J.M.Barrie.Do you know how J.M.Barrie created it?J.M.Barrie was born in Scotland in 1860.He moved to London and became a writer in 1885.Twelve years later, he became friends with Sylvia Davies and her five sons.He enjoyed telling the boys stories and made up the character of Peter Pan to bring them pleasure.He said Peter Pan was based on all the boys, telling them, “That is all Peter is -- the spark I got from you.”A play about Peter Pan was written and shown in December 1904.It was a great success.In 1911, J.M.Barrie wrote a book, Peter and Wendy.The book has been popular since it was printed for the first time.J.M.Barrie invented the name Wendy, based on Fwendy, the name that he was given as a child.The name Fwendy was based on the word “friend”.阅读短文，完成下列各题1.Who created Peter Pan?___________________2.Where did Peter Pan first appear?___________________3.What did J.M.Barrie do in 1885?__________________4.Did J.M.Barrie enjoy telling the boys stories?__________________5.When did J.M.Barrie write the book Peter and Wendy?__________________五、选词填空阅读短文，从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式填空，每词仅用一次，有两词多余but, find, interest, cause, teach, realize,invite, happy, situation, dangerous, new, theyI’m not good at dancing.I usually try to keep away from 1.______ where I would be expected to dance.However, recently a teacher 2.______ me to a dancing party.I am working in Brittany, France.People here have 3.________ own language called Breton.I went to the party because I was 4._______ in songs in Breton.The music was excellent and people did a special dance for each song.They were very happy.Then I 5._______ that I should stop being nervous and dance with them together.The teacher who invited me 6._______ me how to do a special dance -- everybody joined hands and danced in a circle (圆圈).I 7._______ the steps were quite difficult, 8._______ it was really fun.My favorite part of the party was seeing everyone, young and old, join hands and dance together 9._______.I was very excited to dance with them.More importantly, I learnt that it is a good idea to try something 10.______, even if you are scared of it.By saying yes, you could experience something really special.六、写作为助力打造“书香校园”，你校英语社团将举办以“热爱阅读”为主题的征文活动，请以“Enjoy Reading, Enjoy Life”为标题写一篇短文介绍你自己的阅读情况并阐述阅读给你带来的好处。要求：短文不能出现真实的人名和校名，词数为90-100词【答案】一、1 -- 5 BBDAB 6 -- 10 BBCBB二、1.have; seen; saw2.have; finished3.have taken4.has been5.haven’t read三、1.has; finished; yet2.haven’t heard3.has your father taken4.has already watched5.how long has; lived四、1.J.M.Barrie2.In Wendy Darling’s room3.He moved to London and became a writer.4.Yes, he did.5.In 1911.五、1.situations 2.invited 3.their 4.interested 5.realized6.taught 7.found 8.but 9.happily 10.0 new六、 Enjoy Reading, Enjoy LifeReading makes a full man.I have a great passion for reading and it has become part of my life.Every morning, I read newspapers for the latest news.I’m also fond of novels and magazines.Besides, book reviews provide me with different ideas on great books.When reading, I feel relaxed and pleased.It’s the best moment to get knowledge and pleasure in life.What’s more, reading opens my eyes and broadens my mind.Through reading, I can experience what I haven’t seen or done before.With a deep love for reading, I can’t wait to read more.