初中英语冀教版八年级下册 Unit 1 —Unit 6语法知识点总结

这是一份初中英语冀教版八年级下册 Unit 1 —Unit 6语法知识点总结，共14页。

八年级英语下册语法知识点Unit 1 Spring Is Coming!1.temperature n.温度 What's the temperature? 温度是多少？ take the temperature 量体温2.What's the weather like today?=How is the weather today? 今天天气怎么样？3.What will the weather be like tomorrow?=How will the weather be tomorrow?明天天气怎么样？4.have/take a shower 淋浴 5.on the radio 在收音机上6.exact time 准确时间7.there will be =there is/are going to be将会有(后面单数is复数are)8.be scared of 害怕...be scared to do sth.害怕做某事 be afraid of ... 害怕...be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事9.reach sp.=arrive at/in sp.=get to sp.到达某地 reach home=get home=arrive home 到家10.see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事see sb.do sth.看见某人做了某事hear sb.doing sth.11.winter jasmine 迎春花 12.practice v.练习；实践 practice doing sth.13.plan a field trip to the country计划一次去乡村的野外旅行a trip to sp.一次去某地的旅行14.Both...and.......和...都...Neither....nor.... ...既不....也不（就近原则）15.Both of...两者都（复数结构）（否定句）Neither of....两者都不（单数结构）16.就近原则There be 有....Either...or... 或者....或者.....Neither...nor...既不...也不....Not only...but also... 不但....而且....17.四种“变”become 职位 get （天气）变长、变热、变干 turn 颜色 go 变质 go bad 变坏18.The wind blows gently.(gentle---gently)风温柔地吹着。19.one by one =one after another一个接一个20.plenty of 充足；大量(=lots of=a lot of) There is plenty of sunshine too.也有充足的光照。21.hundred 百 thousand 千 hundreds of成百上千的five hundred 五百 three thousand 三千22.long v.渴望long for 渴望Everyone longs for spring.每个人都渴望春天。long to do sth.渴望做某事23.all year round 全年；常年24.feel like doing sth.想要做某事 would like to do sth.25.instead of 代替；而不是I will go to the birthday party instead of you.我将代替你参加生日聚会。26.Thank you for doing sth.因某事而感谢。27.turn around 翻转；转身 turn over 翻过来28.Hold on 抓紧；坚持；别挂断 fall off=fall down from 跌倒；从...掉下来think of 想起；想出29.It’s time to do sth.到做某事的时间了.It’s time for sb.to do sth.It’s time for sth.到某事的时间了。30.stop doing sth.停止做某事( stop talking )stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop to have a rest 停下来休息31.low adj.低的 high adj.高的 The price of the computer is high.The temperature is low/high.32.below 下方 above 上方 on 表面接触 under 正下方over 正上方 in the sun 在太阳下33.as+原级+as 和...一样...(注意选对词性；形容词修饰名词代词，副词修饰动词、形容词、副词、句子）34.until conj.直到 not...until 直到....才...He didn't go to bed until his father came back.他直到父亲回来才睡觉。Unit 2 Plant a plant!1.cover v.覆盖 cover...with...用...覆盖... be covered with.... 被....覆盖2.fill v.装满；充满 fill...with....用....装满.... be filled with... 装满...3.被动语态结构：be+过去分词 be made of/from 由...制成 be made up of 由...组成4.east---eastern west---westernsouth---southern north----northern northeast n.&adj.东北；东北的 southwest5.enough adv.&adj.足够（名词前、形容词副词之后）形式主语结构：It’s +adj.+ to do sth.6.Remember to do sth.= Don’t forget to do sth.记得做某事。7.leave---left 忘了没拿Nothing can stop the wind because there are not many trees left.没什么能阻止风，因为剩下的树不多了。8.情态动词用于推测：must be 一定是 may/might be 可能是can't be 不可能是9.have been to 去过(与次数连用） have gone to 去了10Must I do sth.now? No, you needn't.我必须现在做某事吗？不，不需要。I need to buy a dictionary.(否定句）I don't need to buy a dictionary.need to do sth.需要做某事11.please v.使....高兴 pleased adj.愉快的（修饰人）pleasant adj.令人愉快的（修饰物）pleasure n.高兴,愉快 It's my/a pleasure.很乐意。 with pleasure 乐意地（作状语）12.in the shade 在树荫里in the tree 在树上（外来） on the tree 在树上（本身）13.many 很多（修饰可数复数）much 很多（修饰不可数）so many ---so much 很多；如此多too many---too much 太多 how many +名词复数----how much （多少；多少钱）14.be made of be made from be made into 被制成....be made in 在...被制成be made by 被谁制成15.carry...away 把....带走 in a word 总之；简言之 16.with 有；和；用---without 没有；缺乏with your help 有了你的帮助without water or air 没有水或空气without breakfast 没吃早餐17.basic adj.基本的What are the basic steps for planting a tree?take steps to do sth.采取措施做某事18.project n.项目；课题They are planting trees as a school project.他们植树作为学校的课题。19.dig 挖 hole 洞We are digging a hole.我们正在挖一个坑。20.Medicine is made from trees and plants.21.by the way 顺便说一下22.be worried about=worry about 担心23.a little 有点儿（修饰不可数名词、形容词、副词、比较级）修饰比较级：much, a little, even, a lot24.The trees and plants take energy from the sun and turn it into food.energy n.能量 turn...into...把...变成...25.In a word, we can't live without plants.总之,离开植物我们将不能生活。26.a way to do sth.做某事的方法Mary Green will show you the best way to grow all kinds of plants.show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.给某人展示某物There are many ways to grow a garden.The best way to learn English is using it every day.27.Gardening is a very enjoyable hobby.动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。enjoy---enjoyable adj.使人愉快的28.have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得高兴 have fun doing sth. 高兴做某事be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事29.反身代词(换同义句时注意时态）myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves30.Mary Green has written many popular books about gardening.(现在完成时 have/has+过去分词）31.Roses smell so wonderful.系动词之后常接形容词作表语。系动词有：be,look,feel,sound,taste,smell,become,get, turn等 32.consider doing sth.考虑做某事the purpose of.. ....的目的33.keep...away from..使...远离...decide to do sth.决定做...try to do sth.尽力做某事try not to do sth.尽量不做某事try doing sth.试着做某事take care of =look after 照顾take good care of..=look after...well 好好照顾... 34.tight adj.紧紧的 tightly adv.紧紧地 I hug him tightly.我紧紧地抱着他。（修饰动词用副词）35.living adj.活着的（人或物；作表语或定语）lively 活泼的 live adj.活的（物，作定语）alive adj.活着的（人或物；表语或后置定语）a live fish=a living fish 一条活鱼36.This plant is fun for small children to play with. Don't play with fire.别玩火。 37.close up 结合 open up 打开close v.关闭 closed adj.闭着的 open v.&adj.打开；开着的38.if 如果（引导条件状语从句；用法：主将从现）I will saty at home if it rainstomorrow.(不能是will rain)39.have sth.to do ；There be sth.to do.有某事要做 40.a few days later 几天之后Now something new is growing at the top of the stem.现在，它的茎的顶部又长出了新东西。41.I am going to look after my plant carefully.我打算好好照顾我的植物。42.比较级（特殊变化）good/well--better--best bad/badly---worse---worst many/much---more--most little---less---least43.send v.发送；寄送 （sent/ sent)send sb.sth.= send sth.to sb.给某人送某物 44.say goodbye to sb.向某人道别 blow down 刮倒 leaf 树叶（复数leaves）45.lie 说谎；平躺 lying die 死亡 dying be dying 快要死了46.empty 空的 full 满的；饱的 hungry 饿的47.be away from 离开keep....away from 让...远离....48.give sb.a push 推了某人一把 49.a boy named/called Jim 一个叫吉姆的男孩50.a friend of+名词性物主代词或所有格 a friend of mine 一个我的朋友51.in early spring 在早春 52.swing=play on the swing 打秋千53.look forward to doing sth.期待做某事Unit 3 Animals Are Our Friends.1.scare v.害怕 scared adj.害怕的 scary adj.可怕的2.happen v.发生What happened to sb.? 某人发生了什么？Sth happen to sb.某人身上发生了某事.3.ask sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事ask sb.for sth.请求某人某事Her family went on a vacation and she asked me to take care of Zoe.4.remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某物With their long ears, they also remind people of rabbits.5.He hasn't been to the zoo in Edmonton yet.(现在完成时have/has+过去分词 already---yet)6.Danny screams! 丹尼尖叫起来！7.The doorbell is ringing.8.She is gentle and quiet.她既温柔又安静。9.Dogs are friendly and loyal.狗既友好又忠诚。10.I tried to sit down, but a tiny tiger jumped off the sofa.（try to do sth.tiny 微小的tiger 老虎 sofa 沙发）11.mouse老鼠（复数：mice) I saw two mice in the kitchen.我在厨房看见了两只老鼠。12.avoid doing sth.避免做某事13.He avoided answering my questions.他避而不答我的问题。14.be famous for 因...而著名be famous as..作为...而著名 jump out of 从...跳出 15.1)desert沙漠 dessert甜点 2)house 马 mouse 老鼠 3)kitchen 厨房 chicken 鸡肉16.dangern.危险dangerous adj.危险的be in danger 在危险中out of danger 脱离危险 It's dangerous to do sth.17.10:15 a quarter past ten 10：30 half past ten 10：45 a quarter to eleven 10:56 four to eleven18.go through the entrance 穿过入口19.What does the sign say? It says "No smoking!" sign n.符号；指示牌No photos! 禁止拍照！20.point to 指向（远方或方向）point at 指着（近处或所指对象）point n.点v.指21wake up 醒来；叫醒（代词宾格放中间）Wake up, Mr.Bear.I woke him up yesterday morning.(及物）22.feed...to...把...喂给....She fed milk to the baby. 她给婴儿喂了奶。23.main adj.主要的 mainly adv.主要地24.feed on sth.以....为食What do horses mainly feed on in the area?这个地区马主要以什么为食？25.escape from 从...逃出protect...from...保护....免受...I will protect you from danger.我将保护你免受危险。26.April Fools' Day 愚人节play a trick on sb.开某人的玩笑trick n.恶作剧You are joking.你们在开玩笑。Wait a minute.等一下。27.happen（偶然）发生28.take place 发生；举办（按计划）28.instead of 代替He might eat you instead.29.There be sth.to do.有某事要做。There be sb./sth.doing sth.有某人正在做某事.Unit 4 The Internet Connects Us1.I like to use the Internet to read about sports and technology.对应知识点:(1) use 动词--使用；用法：use sth to do sth “用某物去做某事”used to do sth “过去常常做某事”be used to doing sth “习惯于做某事”be used to do sth “被用来做......”useful 形容词---有用的useless 形容词---无用的(2) to read .... to do 不定式表示目的2.It has no keyboards or mouse,so it is easy to carry.对应知识点：(1) or “和”在否定句中，表示并列关系；“否则”表示转折关系；“或者”表示选择关系；3.I like chatting with my friends online.对应知识点：（1）chat with sb “与....聊天”4.I will send my research to him by e-mail.对应知识点：(1) by “通过....方式”+时间 “在....之前”+交通工具“乘坐...”+位置“.....旁边”(2) send “寄；送”send sth to sb=send sb sth “把某物寄给某人” 5.Coffee grows in more than 70 countries.对应知识点：（1）more than=over “超过”6.词汇变形：（1）follow 动词---遵循；跟随following 形容词---接着的/ 名词---下列选项（2）invite 动词--邀请； invitation 名词--邀请（3）organize动词---组织； organization 名词--组织（4）speak动词--讲； speak--spoke--spoken 原形-过去式-过去分词spoken English英语口语Lesson20 A Computer Helps!重点句式以及知识点：1.It is very helpful.对应知识点:(3) help 动词--帮助；helpful 形容词--有用的；helpless 形容词--无助的2., I decide to do all of my research on the Internet.对应知识点：(1) decide动词--决定； decide to do sth “决定去做某事”decision 名词--决定3.I entered some key words into a search engine to find information on this topic.对应知识点：（1）enter动词--进入；名词--回车键（2）search动词--搜索； search for sth ...“查找....”（3）key words “关键词”a search engine “搜索引擎”（4）information不可数名词-信息4.Here is what I found.对应知识点：(3) 这句话的结构为：主系表；what I found 做的表语从句 5.It is one of the biggest holidays in many countries.对应知识点：（1）one of +the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数 “最....之一”6.The date depends on the moon, but it is always in March or April.对应知识点：（1）depend on “取决于；依赖于”7.How do people celebrate Easter?对应知识点：(1)celebrate 动词--庆祝；celebration名词--庆祝8.Rabbits and eggs are symbols of new life.对应知识点：（1）be symbol of “...的标志”9.Though the meaning of Easter has changed over time.对应知识点：（1）the meaning of ...“...的含义”（2）though “尽管..”although “虽然”Lesson21 Books or Computers?重点句式以及知识点：1.In ancient times,there were no books and people passed on their knowledge by telling stories.对应知识点:(4) pass 动词--传递；经过；通过（考试）pass on “传递”2.They wrote each word by hand.对应知识点：(1)by hand “用手；手工”hand in hand “手拉手”out of the hand “无法控制”3.It took a long time to write just one book.对应知识点：（1）take “花费”--tookIt takes sb some time to do sth.“花费某人多长时间做某事”spend “花费”--spent人+spend time/money in doing sth “某人做某事花费多长时间或者钱”人+spend time/money on sth “某人在某物上花费多少时间或者钱”cost “花费”--cost物+cost sb some money “某物花费某人多少钱”pay “花费”--paid人+pay some money for sth.“某人在某物上花费多少钱”4.With modern technology,it was possible to print books quickly.对应知识点：(4) possible形容词--可能的； impossible 形容词--不可能的 5.,an e-reader or a real book,keep on reading.对应知识点：(1) Keep on doing sth “继续做某事”6.Which invention do you think is more important--the printing press or the Internet?对应知识点：invent 动词--发明；invention 名词--发明； inventor 名词-发明家Lesson22 Travel on the Internet一．重点句式以及知识点：1.Jane grew up with her grandma.对应知识点:(5) grow “成长；生长”（过去式）grewgrow up 长大2.One day,Jane received some bad news.对应知识点：（1）receive “收到；接到”指表面接收到，内心不一定接收；被动接受； 如：receive a gift from you 收到来自你的礼物，礼物不一定喜欢accept “接受”从心里接受，主动接受如：I have received an invitation but I don’t think I will accept it.我收到一份邀请，但我认为我不会接受它。3.Jane wanted to help her to realize it,but her grandma was very sick.对应知识点：（1）realize “实现”主语一般是人come true “实现”主语是梦想（2）sick “生病的”既可以作表语，又可以作定语如：a sick dog “一只生病的狗”作定语The dog is sick.“狗生病了”作表语ill “生病的”只能作表语4.She asked people if they could help her grandma see the world through pictures.对应知识点：(5) If “是否”引导宾语从句如：Nobody knows if it will rain tomorrow.If “如果”引导条件状语从句；原则：主将从现；如：If you ask him, he will help you. 5.In the last one,she was standing in front of Big Ben in England.对应知识点：（1）in front of “在...的前面”指外部in the front of “在...前面”指内部Lesson23 The Internet --Good or Bad?重点句式以及知识点：1.People are able to connect and share information in seconds.对应知识点:（1）be able to...“能够”表示通过努力获得can “能”表示自身具有的某种能力（2）share “分享”share sth with sb “和某人分享某物”（3）in seconds “在很短的时间内”second 名词-秒2.However,the Internet has advantages and disadvantages.对应知识点：（1）advantage优势；有利条件---disadvantage 缺点；不利条件同类用法：agree 同意---disagree不同意3.In many ways, it makes life easier and simpler.对应知识点：（1）simple--simpler--simplest简单的-更简单的-最简单的4.It helps us get things done more quickly.对应知识点：（1）get sth done “使某事被...”5....the Internet makes it easy to stay in touch.对应知识点：（1）stay in touch “保持联系”6.Spending too much time on line is harmful to people’s health.对应知识点:（1）spending动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数（2）too much “太多”修饰不可数名词或者动词much too “太..”修饰形容词或者副词too many “太多”修饰可数名词复数（3）be harmful to sb “对...有害”7.Aside from that,some people attack the web or use the Internet to steal others’ personal information,...对应知识点:（1）aside from “除...之外”8.The Internet can be a useful tool,but don’t let it take up all of your time.对应知识点：（1）take up “占据；占用”（2）up其他相关短语：make up 编造put up 搭建 set up 设置Lesson24 An Email to Grandpa一重点句式以及知识点：1.How often do you use your computer for work,study or fun?对应知识点:（1）how often “多久一次”对于表示频率的副词或者短语提问how long “多长时间”回答通常用“for+一段时间”how far “多远”询问距离how soon “多久以后”回答通常用‘in+一段时间’2.Do you prefer writing a report on paper or on the computer?对应知识点：（1）prefer “较喜欢”+名词/代词/动名词/to do 不定式prefer ....to...“喜欢...胜于...”to为介词如：I prefer playing table tennis to swimming.3.We can do so many great things on a computer and with the Internet.对应知识点：（1）so many “如此多”+可数名词复数so much “如此多”+不可数名词4.I have learned how to use a chat program.对应知识点：（1）how to do...结构为：特殊疑问词+to do 不定式5.It would be a lot of fun to see each other as we walk.对应知识点：（1）as “当...时候”引导时间状语从句。6.Can we set up a time to go online together?对应知识点:set up a time “约个时间”set up “建立；树立；安排；设置Unit 5 Buying and Selling1.raise money筹钱 make money =earn money赚钱2.a bake sale烘焙义卖3.at breakfast time在早餐时间 at lunch hour在午饭时间 at dinner time在晚饭时间4.something delicious为“不定代词+adj”，类似的结构有anything special, nobody else…5.make a poster制作一张海报6.物cost人 时/钱 人 spend 时/钱on sth. 人spend 时/钱(in) doing sth.It takes sb.时/钱to do sth.人pay (钱) for sth.7.job与work(1) job意为“工作，任务”，多指为换取报酬而进行的日常活动，指具体的职业或零工，是可数名词，复数jobs(2) work意为“工作”，多指生产或完成某物或某事需要的体力或脑力活动，是不可n.8.pocket money零花钱9.come up to （为攀谈而）走到跟前；走近10.cheap便宜的↔expensive昂贵的11.for sale待售；供出售12.go/walk over to 从一处到另一处13.What is it for? 它是做什么用的？14.tie…onto… “把…绑到…上”15.at a low/high price以低价/以高价16.afford to do sth.有钱去做某事17.a few+可n.复 “一些” few+可n.复 “几乎没有”a little+不可n. “一些” little +不可n. “几乎没有”a few eggs一些鸡蛋 few eggs几乎没鸡蛋a little water 一些水 little water 几乎没水18.business English商务英语19.be different from 与…不同20.in interesting ways 以有趣的方式21.make sense 合情理；有意义22.lose money亏钱23.move up升级；提升；上升24.beef up加强；补充25.hear of听说=hear about hear from收到…的来信=receive a letter from…26.Buy low, sell high.低买高卖 We’re in the red this month.我们这个月在亏钱。I am moving up the ladder.我升职了。 I have to beef up my report.我不得不加强我的报告。 He is a fat cat.他很有钱 。 They cook the books.他们通过做假账来偷钱。27.take/have/go on a trip去旅行28.help yourself 请自便 若接宾语，还应加to Help yourself to some chicken!29.be surprised to do sth.做某事很惊讶 30.on one’s way to…在某人去某地的路上 如果后面是home/here/there,应省略to31.an honest man一位诚实的人32.on time准时33.try/do one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大的努力做某事34.push a product推销一个产品35.hard work艰苦的工作 work hard努力工作36.stand out出色；杰出；更为重要37.catch one’s eye吸引某人的目光38.have an interest in=be interested in 对…感兴趣39.get to know渐渐了解40.succeed in doing成功做某事41.offer sb.sth=offer sth.to sb.拿给某人某物42.sell out of售空；卖光；脱销43.less than少于 ↔ more than 多于44.crazy-crazier-craziest45.invent inventor invention46.too…to…太而不能47.宾语从句宾语从句是在句子中用来充当宾语的句子，构成一般是“引导词+主+谓+其他”，其语序为陈述语序。I hear.He will be back in an hour. I hear (that he will be back in an hour.)宾语从句1）时态：从句时态由主句的时态决定若主句为一般现在时，从句根据具体情况使用任何时态。I hear (that) Tom has been to Guilin twice.I hear (that) she will come tomorrow.I hear (that) heis interested in English.若主句为一般过去时，从句根据具体情况使用过去的某一种时态。He said (that) he would go to Xi’an.He said (that) he was ill yesterday.He said (that) he was reading a book.若从句为客观真理，或是一种现象、科学原理、客观事实、经常性习惯性的动作、谚语格言等，其时态要用一般现在时。The teacher said that the sun rises in the east.The teacher told us light travels faster than sound.2）引导词由that引导，在口语中常常省略thatI think (that) everybody likes cookies.由if/whether引导，意为“是否”，当句末有or not时，只能用whetherAsk if/whether Tom is at home. Ask whetherTom is at home or not.由连接代词who, what, which, whose和连接副词when, where, why, how等引导Take what you need.Give what you can.Could you tell me how we can get there?3）否定形式如果主语的谓语动词是think, guess, believe等表示“认为；猜想”含义的词时，表示否定概念时，一般要把not转移到主句谓语中。否定前移I believe that they will come here. I don’tbelieve that they will come here4） 连接代词who, whose, what, which和连接副词 when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句可以变为连接代词或连接副词加动词不定式的形式。（复合句变简单句）Could you tell me how I can get to the station? Could you tell me how to go to the station?Unit 6 Be a Champion!1.world records世界纪录 set a record 创造一项记录 break a record 打破一项纪录2.stand on one foot单脚站立3.现在完成进行时：have/has been doing sth. E.g.: I have been standing on one foot for more than three minutes.4.be late for 迟到5.That’s very kind of you! 你真是太好了！6.in +一段时间 “在一段时间之后” in seven hours在七小时后7.important-more important-most important8.dream of/about +n./pron./v-ing 梦想…9.win first place/prize赢得一等奖10. a list of… 一个…的清单11.fly-flew-flown 12.far-farther-farthest13.be proud of… 以…为自豪14.be full of=be filled with充满；装满15.“基数词+度量单位+adj.(long/wide/tall/deep)”“某物有多长/宽/高/深”The river is about 5 meters wide.16.常见的十个不规则变化的adj./adv. “一好一坏，一多一少，一远一老”adj./adv.原级17.have sb.do sth.让某人做某事 18.every four years每四年19.take part in参加=join in20.compete against和…竞争（对手） compete with 和…竞争（队友） compete for为…竞争（目的）21.good point说得好22.be married已婚的 get married结婚23.take place发生；举行24.be amazed at=be surprised at惊讶于25.no matter +疑问词 “无论…”26.stand for代表；象征27.stay the same保持不变28.in peace 和平地；平静地29.one’s own某人自己的30.touch one’s heart感动某人的心31.the dream team梦之队32.gold medal金牌33.have an influence on对…有影响consider…as/to be+n./adj.认为…是…34.in its field在它的领域35.time after time多次；反复；不断地36.give up放弃37.as a result结果是38.keep doing sth.一直在做某事；继续做某事39.none, no one/nobody与nothingadj./adv.原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestill/bad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittle(少的)lessleastfarfarther距离/further意义farthest/furthestoldolder非年龄/elder年龄oldest/eldestnoneno one/nobodynothing一个也没有；毫无没有人没有事/物指人或物指人指物作主语时，若和of连用指不可n.时，谓语动词用单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数作主语时，若和of连用指可n.复时，谓语动词用单复数均可None of the money belongs to me.No one likes a person with bad manners.Nothing is difficult on the world if you put your  heart into it.None of them has/have seen me before.注意：①none可与of连用表示范围，no one/nobody及nothing不可②none可用来回答How many/how much引导的特殊疑问句，no one/nobody可回答who引导的特殊疑问句，nothing可回答what引导的特殊疑问句。