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英语必修 第一册Unit 2 Exploring English精品同步达标检测题
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这是一份英语必修 第一册Unit 2 Exploring English精品同步达标检测题，共13页。
1．掌握第二单元单词和相应的变形。
2．复习单词构词法，学会从基本单词推出高级单词。
趣味导入：
Have yu knwn smething abut American English and British English？
After leaning this lessn，list all the differences between American English and British English
知识点精析
Neither Pine nr Apple in Pineapple
Have yu ever asked yurself (1)why peple ften have truble learning English? I hadn’t, until ne day my five-year-ld sn asked me (2)whether there was ham in a hamburger.There isn’t.This made me realize (3)that there’s n egg in eggplant either.(4)Neither is there pine nr apple in pineapple.This gt me thinking (5)hw English can be a crazy language t learn.
Fr example, in ur free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a pht.And (6)when we are traveling we say that we are in the car r the taxi, but n the train r bus! (7)While we’re ding all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we dn’t get hmesick (8)when we get back hme.And speaking f hme, why aren’t hmewrk and husewrk the same thing?
(9)If “hard” is the ppsite f “ sft”， why are “hardly” and sftly nt an ppsing pair? (10)If harmless actins are the ppsite f harmful actins, why are shameless and shameful behavirs the same?
(11)When we lk ut f the windw and see rain r snw, we can say “it’s raining” r “it’s snwing”.But (12)when we see sunshine, we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
Even the smallest f wrds can be cnfusing.(13)When yu see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical reprt, d yu read it as the “wh” in “Wh’s that？” What abut “IT” and “US”？
Yu als have t wnder at the unique madness f a language (14)in which a huse can burn up as it burns dwn, (15)in which yu fill in a frm by filling it ut, and (16)in which an alarm is nly heard nce it ges ff!
English was invented by peple, nt cmputers, and it reflects the creativity f the human race.(17)That is why when the stars are ut, they are visible , but when the lights are ut, they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends.
文章翻译：
你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常在学习英语方面有困难？我从未想过这个问题，直到有一天，我五岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡包)里是否有ham(火腿)。答案是没有。这让我意识到eggplant(茄子)里也没有egg(鸡蛋)。pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)，也没有apple(苹果)。这让我陷入思考：对于学习者而言，英语到底可以有多疯狂呢？
例如，我们可以在闲暇时雕刻一座雕像(sculpt a sculpture)、画一幅画(paint a painting)，但我们只能拍一张照片(take a pht)。旅行时，我们坐汽车或出租车时是说坐在里面(in)，但是坐火车或公共汽车时却要说坐在上面(n)！同样，我们会在海上晕船(seasick at sea)、在飞机晕机(airsick in the air)、在车里晕车(carsick in a car)，但回到家里我们却不会“晕家”(hmesick，实际意为“想家的，思乡的”)。说到家，为什么hmewrk(家庭作业)和husewrk(家务)(这两个英语单词看起来很像意思却)不是一回事呢？
“it’s snwing”. But when we see sunshine, we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
如果说hard(硬)是sft(软)的反义词，为什么hardly(几乎不)和sftly(柔和地，轻柔地)却不是一对反义词呢？如果说harmless actins(无害的行为)与harmful actins(有害的行为)意思相反，为什么无耻的行为(shameless behavirs)和可耻的行为(shameful behavirs)反而是一回事？当我们望向窗外，看到雨(rain)或雪(snw)时，我们可以说正在下雨(it’s raining)或正在下雪(it’s snwing)。但当我们看到阳光(sunshine)时，我们不能说“正在下阳光”(it’s sunshining)。
即使是最短小的单词都让人费解。当你在医学报告中看到大写的WHO时，你会把它读为Wh’s that?中的wh吗？那么“IT”和“US”又该怎么读呢？
你也会对英语这门语言独有的疯狂感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬时，可以说burn up(字面意思是“烧上去”)，也可以说burn dwn(字面意思是“烧下去”)；填表时，你可以说fill in a frm(字面意思是“填入表里”)，也可以说fill ut a frm(字面意思是“填到表外”)；而且只有闹钟走了(g ff字面意思是“离开”)以后你才能听到铃声！
英语是人创造的，不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。这就是为什么stars are ut(星星出现了)时，我们能看到星星，而当lights are ut(灯光熄灭)时，我们却看不到灯光。这也是当我wind up my watch(给手表上紧发条)以后表针开始走，而我wind up this passage(将本文收尾)后这篇文章结束的原因。
(1)why引导宾语从句，why在从句中作原因状语，意为“为什么”。
(2)whether引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”。
(3)that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，也不表示任何意义，可以省略。
(4)既不……也不……，neither置于句首，句子要部分倒装。
(5)hw引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，意为“怎么，如何”。
(6)(8)(11)(12)(13)when引导时间状语从句。
(7)while引导时间状语从句。
(9)(10)if引导条件状语从句。
(14)(15)(16)in which引导定语从句，均修饰language。
(17)This is why...“这就是为什么……，这就是……的原因”，why后接表示结果的句子；but连接并列复合句。
1.ppsite adj.相反的，相对的，对立的，对面的n.对立面，对立物prep.在……对面/对过adv.在对面，在对过
·If “hard” is the ppsite f “sft”， why are “hardly” and “sftly” nt an ppsing pair？(教材P15)如果hard(坚硬的)
用法总结
be ppsite t 在……对面；与……相反
just the ppsite 恰恰相反
词块积累
the ppsite sex 异性
the ppsite meaning 相反的意思
in the ppsite directin 在相反的方向
2.cnfusing adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的
·Even the smallest f wrds can be cnfusing.(教材P15)
单词一族
cnfuse vt. 使迷惑，混淆
cnfused adj. 困惑的
cnfusin n. 混乱，困惑
用法总结
把……和……混淆
be cnfused abut sth 对某事迷惑不解
in cnfusin 困惑地，混乱地
3.reflect vt.反映；反射(声、光、热等)；显示；表达；沉思
·English was invented by peple, nt cmputers, and it reflects the creativity f the human race.(教材P15)
单词一族
reflectin n. 反映；映像；沉思，深思
reflective adj. (指人、心情等)深思熟虑的；(指物体表面)反光的
用法总结
reflect n/upn sth 认真思考……
n/upn reflectin 经再三思考
1.have truble (in) ding sth做某事有困难
短语记牢
(1)have truble/difficulty/prblems (in) ding sth做某事有困难/麻烦
(2)have truble/difficulty/prblems with sth在某方面有麻烦或有困难
2.lk ut f从……往外看
·When we lk ut f the windw and see rain r snw, we can say “it’s raining” r “it’s snwing”.
短语记牢
lk ut 当心(不及物动词短语)
lk ut fr 当心，注意(及物动词短语)
lk back at/n 回忆，回顾
lk dwn n/upn 看不起，轻视
lk int 调查
lk thrugh 翻阅，查找
lk up t 尊敬
3.burn dwn烧毁，烧掉(多指建筑物被烧塌)
短语记牢
burn up 烧光，烧尽(多指东西被烧掉)；(通过锻炼)消耗(热能)
burn ut 烧坏；燃尽；耗尽体力
burn sth t the grund 将……烧成平地
1.Neither is there pine nr apple in pineapple.(教材P14)菠萝中既没有松树也没有苹果。
【分析】 本句中意为“既不……也不……”，其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成分。
【总结】 的用法：
(1)连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和临近的主语一致，遵循“就近原则”。
(2) neither可以单独作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。
(3)表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用neither或nr引起的部分倒装句进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither/Nr＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。
·Neither dad nr mum is at hme tday.今天父母都不在家。
·Neither f them likes ftball.他们俩都不喜欢足球。
·They didn’t g t the park yesterday.Neither/Nr did we.
昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去。
单句语法填空
①Neither his parents nr he likes (like) eating meat.
补全句子
②—I have never been t New Yrk yet.
—Neither/Nr__have__I(我也没去过).
句型转换
③The parents were nt satisfied with the result and their sn wasn’t either.
→Neither the parents nr their sn was satisfied with the result.
2.That is why when the stars are ut, they are visible, but when the lights are ut, they are invisible.(教材P15)
这就是为什么星星出来时是看得见的，灯灭了是看不见的。
【分析】 本句中That is why...意为“这就是……的原因”；why引导表语从句，表示结果；That指代上文提到的事实。
【拓展】 其他相关句型：
(1) This/That is/was why...这/那就是……的原因(why引导表语从句，表示结果)
(2)That/It is/was because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，表示原因)
(3)The reasn that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句并在从句中做状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因)
He fell ff a tall tree.That was why he hurt his leg.
＝He hurt his leg.That was because he fell ff a tall tree.
＝The reasn why he hurt his leg was that he fell ff a tall tree.
他从一棵很高的树上摔下来。那就是他弄伤腿的原因。
单句语法填空
①He’s mre f a talker than a der.This is why he never finishes anything.
②Frm space, the earth lks blue.This is because abut seventy-ne percent f its surface is cvered by water.
句型转换
③Tm came late fr the meeting because he was ill.
→ Tm was ill.That was why he came late fr the meeting.
→Tm came late fr the meeting.That was because he was ill.
→The reasn why Tm came late fr the meeting was that he was ill.
【基础练习】
Have yu ever asked 1.yurself (yu) why peple ften have truble 2.learning (learn) English? I hadn’t, until ne day my five-year-ld sn asked me 3.whether there was ham in a hamburger r nt.This gt me thinking hw English can be a crazy language 4.t__learn (learn).
Even the smallest f wrds can be 5.cnfusing (cnfuse).Yu als have t wnder at the unique madness f a language in 6.which a huse can burn up as it burns dwn, and in which an alarm 7.is__heard (hear) nce it ges ff!
English 8.was__invented (invent) by peple, nt cmputers, and it reflects the creativity f the human race.That is 9.why when the stars are ut, they are visible, but when the lights are ut, they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, 10.but when I wind up this passage, it ends.
【强化练习】
七选五
Have yu ever heard the phrase “inch wide, mile deep” with respect t picking an area f fcus fr yur educatin, wrk, website, business, etc? __1__ And yu shuld cncentrate n becming highly skilled in ne particular field.Then yu’ll be able t have a space in yur industry and hpefully make a gd living.Yu can d that.It des wrk t a certain extent.__2__
Yu dn’t have t use the “inch wide, mile deep” apprach if it bthers yu t d s.__3__ And it’s rightly s.There are sme big cnsequences(后果) t cnsider.
I dn’t use this apprach fr my wrk because I dn’t like the cnsequences f sticking t ne niche (合适的位置) fr s lng.__4__ I’d als feel bred even if I picked smething I lve.I like variety t much.This life is precius t me.While I lve ding deep dives, I dn’t want t be fcused n any ne aspect f life r business fr s lng that I miss ut n explring the ther aspects that als interest me.
Yu culd say that my niche is persnal grwth.But that isn’t really a niche at all because anything fits int that huge space：prductivity, relatinship, wrk, health, lifestyle, values, scial skills, and mre.__5__
I prefer the “mile wide, mile deep” apprach.It wrks well, t.There are sme cnsequences t accept, but yu may actually like thse cnsequences.
A.Insist n the same narrw tpic.
B.Many peple have mixed feelings abut it.
C.The idea here is that yu shuld narrw yur fcus.
D.I’d be bred within a few years n matter what I picked.
E.But this article is abut why yu may nt want t d that.
F.It’s imprtant t fcus n the lng-term relatinship with thers.
G.Name any tpic yu can think f and I can link it t persnal grwth.
【语篇解读】 “一寸宽，一里深”说的是你选择某一个领域，无论是教育、职场、网站还是生意，集中你的注意力，专注并精通一个特定的小领域。
1.C [你听说过“一寸宽，一里深”这个说法吗？这一观点是你应该集中注意力，专注并精通一个特定的小领域。故正确答案为C。]
2.E [根据下文的Yu dn’t have t use the “inch wide, mile deep” apprach和I dn’t use this apprach可知，E项“不过这篇文章告诉你的是，你可能不想这么做”承接上下文，符合语境。]
3.B [根据前面的it bthers yu t d s和后面的And it’s rightly s可知，如果不愿专注于一个小领域，你就不必用这个策略，许多人对这个策略感受很复杂，这也不奇怪。]
4.D [根据后面的I’d als feel bred even if I picked smething I lve可知，我不喜欢长时间专注某一特定领域，坚持几年就会觉得无聊，即便是自己爱好的事情也会觉得无聊。]
5.G [根据前面的persnal grwth和prductivity，relatinship，wrk，health，lifestyle，values，scial skills，and mre可知，G项“随口说一个你想得到的主题，我都可以将它和个人成长联系在一起”符合语境。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
Years ag，if a teenager had sme prblems in her life，she might g hme and write it in her diary.Nw a teenager with __1__ prblems might g nt the Internet and write abut her prblems in a blg(博客).In many ways，a diary and a blg are very __2__.S what makes blgging different frm writing in a(n)__3__ diary?
The biggest difference is that blgging is much mre __4__ than a diary.Usually a teenager treats her diary like a bk full f __5__ that she des nt want t __6__.
It’s interesting that smene wh writes in a blg __7__ a diary will prbably write nearly the same infrmatin.
I have a little sister，and smetimes I g nline t read her __8__.She writes abut things like waking up early fr swimming practice and nt studying enugh fr her chemistry test.__9__ I was her age，I wrte abut the same things，but __10__ in my diary.Then after I had finished writing，I wuld hide my diary in a secret place because I was __11__ that my sister might read it.
The biggest __12__ with blgging is that anyne can read what yu write.If I was angry with a friend during high schl and wrte smething __13__ abut her in my diary she wuld never knw.__14__，if my sister ever wrte smething bad abut a friend，that friend __15__ read her blg and get a “cry”.
There are als __16__ t blgging，f curse.If I felt sad ne day and wrte in my diary，“Nbdy cares abut me.” __17__ wuld knw abut it.Hwever，if my sister wrte the same sentence in her blg，her best friends wuld __18__ respnd(回应) and tell her hw much they __19__ her.Blgs help peple __20__ in cntact with their friends and knw what the peple arund them are ding.
same B.trublesme
C.difficult D.daily
答案 A [此处指青少年现在遇到和几年前一样的问题。]
B.special
C.similar D.different
答案 D [日记和博客在许多方面存在不同之处。下句中的“blgging different frm writing”也是提示。]
B.rdinary
C.cmmn D.traditinal
答案 D [此处表达博客与传统日记的区别。traditinal表示“传统的”，符合句意。]
B.public
C.cnvenient D.quick
答案 B [通过下一句和下文内容，当“我”写完日记时，“我”想把它藏起来，可知博客应该是比较公开化的。]
B.puzzles
C.mysteries D.secrets
答案 D [日记记录的都是个人秘密。]
B.share
C.publish D.slve
答案 B [既然是秘密，就不愿和别人“分享”。]
f B.as well as
C.in favr f D.in spite f
答案 A [此处强调的是写“博客”的人而不是写“日记”的人，故选A。as well as也；in favr f支持；in spite f尽管。]
B.diary
C.reprt D.web
答案 A [从上下文看，“我”的妹妹喜欢写“博客”。]
B.Since
C.When D.Because
答案 C [when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。]
B.already
C.still D.never
答案 A [“我”只能把自己遇到的事写在日记里。]
B.cncerned
C.glad D.wrried
答案 D [“我”把日记藏起来，因为担心会被妹妹看到。]
B.dubt
C.truble D.mistake
答案 A [从下文看，博客的内容具有公开性，如果说别人的坏话会伤害别人的感情，因此，此处介绍的是博客的“问题”。]
B.wrng
C.mean D.funny
答案 C [从下文伤害别人的感情可以看出，是说别人的坏话，mean此处是形容词，表示“恶意的，不善良的”，符合句意。]
B.Hwever
C.Therefre D.Then
答案 B [在日记写别人的坏话，别人不会知道，而写博客不同，前后转折，故选B。]
B.will
C.must D.might
答案 D [在博客上写别人的坏话“可能会”被看到。]
B.disadvantages
C.shrtcmings D.advantages
答案 D [前面说博客的问题，后面说它的好处。]
B.N ne
C.Anyne D.Smene
答案 B [在日记里写东西没人会看到，故选“N ne”。]
B.especially
C.quickly D.immediately
答案 C [妹妹在博客上写同样的内容，最好的朋友“很快”会回应。]
B.miss
C.need D.help
答案 A [与上文“没有人关心我”相呼应，此处是指来自好朋友的安慰，朋友的“喜欢”就是关心，故选A。]
B.stay
C.get D.find
答案 B [博客最大的好处就是使人们时刻保持联系。lse cntact with 失去联系；stay in cntact with保持联系；get in cntact with取得联系。]
重点词汇
unique behavir cnfusing reflect creative cntact likely rganizatin remind cmment rather actually intend recgnize base aware
重点短语
have truble ding sth. 做某事有困难
get sb.ding 使某人正在做某事
in ne’s free time在某人的空闲时间
speaking f提到，谈到
wnder at 对……感到惊讶
burn up烧毁，烧尽
burn dwn 烧毁
fill in／ ut a frm填写一份表格
human race人类
wind up给（机械）上发条；使（活动、会议等）结束
cme acrss 偶然遇见
play safe谨慎行事，避免冒险
have a frg in ne’s thrat （尤指咽喉痛）说话困难
spend time ding花费时间（钱）做某事
lk frward t ding期盼做某事，期望做某事
重点句型结构
1.Neither is there pine nr apple in pineapple.
句型：表示“既不……也不……”。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。
注意：
1）当neither…nr…连接两个主语时，也应遵循'Neither nr就近原则
2）连接并列的句子时，(因neither/nr都是否定意义的词)前后两句都用倒装语序。
2. That is why when the stars are ut, they are visible, but when the lights are ut, they are invisible.
句型：why引导表语从句
语法知识
一、派生法
派生法——就是在词根前加前缀或在其后加后缀构成新词。加前缀，一般不改变词性，而只是引起意义上的变化。加后缀一般意义变化不大，只改变了词性。
常见的前缀有im-，in-，un-等：disappearance消失，implite不礼貌的，misguide误导，misunderstand误解，fair公平的→unfair不公平的
常见后缀有-ful，-ly，-ment，-ness等：
reprter 记者，freigner外国人，actr演员，inventr 发明家，trainee 新兵，emplyee 雇员，actress 女演员，hstess 女主人，Chinese 中国人，Canadian 加拿大人，mve→mvement运动，happy→happiness幸福，careful细心的，angry生气的→angrily生气地
二、合成法
合成法是构词法的一种，是把两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，有些带连字符，有些不带。合成词的词义通常可以由组成它的几个单词的意思推测出。
1.合成名词：bkmark书签；guidebk指南手册；sightseeing观光；air-cnditining空调；drinking-water饮用水
2.合成形容词：snwwhite雪白的；self-cnfident自信的；English-speaking讲英语的；gd-lking好看的
三、转化法
英语中，有些名词可作动词，有些形容词还可作动词、名词或副词。这种保持词形不变，但改变词性的用法就叫作转化法。
名词与动词间的相互转化 ：interest兴趣（n.）-使感兴趣（v.） time时间（n.）-给测量时间（v.）
形容词与动词间的相互转化 ：cl 凉的（adj.）-使凉爽(v.) empty空的（adj.）-倒空(v.)
形容词与名词间的相互转化 ：present在场的（adj.）-现在（n.） waste无用的，废弃的（adj.）-浪费（n.）
除了合成法、派生法，转化法，还有缩写和简写。
英文缩写
1) UN 联合国
2) 中华人民共和国
3) UK 英国的英文缩写
4)或U.S.美国
5)UNESCO联合国教育、科学、文化组织
6)SOS 求救信号
简写
news bradcast→newscast新闻广播
televisin bradcast→telecast电视播送
smke and fg→smg烟雾
helicpter airprt→heliprt直升飞机场
1．掌握第二单元单词和相应的变形。
2．复习单词构词法，学会从基本单词推出高级单词。
趣味导入：
Have yu knwn smething abut American English and British English？
After leaning this lessn，list all the differences between American English and British English
知识点精析
Neither Pine nr Apple in Pineapple
Have yu ever asked yurself (1)why peple ften have truble learning English? I hadn’t, until ne day my five-year-ld sn asked me (2)whether there was ham in a hamburger.There isn’t.This made me realize (3)that there’s n egg in eggplant either.(4)Neither is there pine nr apple in pineapple.This gt me thinking (5)hw English can be a crazy language t learn.
Fr example, in ur free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a pht.And (6)when we are traveling we say that we are in the car r the taxi, but n the train r bus! (7)While we’re ding all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, but we dn’t get hmesick (8)when we get back hme.And speaking f hme, why aren’t hmewrk and husewrk the same thing?
(9)If “hard” is the ppsite f “ sft”， why are “hardly” and sftly nt an ppsing pair? (10)If harmless actins are the ppsite f harmful actins, why are shameless and shameful behavirs the same?
(11)When we lk ut f the windw and see rain r snw, we can say “it’s raining” r “it’s snwing”.But (12)when we see sunshine, we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
Even the smallest f wrds can be cnfusing.(13)When yu see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical reprt, d yu read it as the “wh” in “Wh’s that？” What abut “IT” and “US”？
Yu als have t wnder at the unique madness f a language (14)in which a huse can burn up as it burns dwn, (15)in which yu fill in a frm by filling it ut, and (16)in which an alarm is nly heard nce it ges ff!
English was invented by peple, nt cmputers, and it reflects the creativity f the human race.(17)That is why when the stars are ut, they are visible , but when the lights are ut, they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, but when I wind up this passage, it ends.
文章翻译：
你有没有问过自己，为什么人们常常在学习英语方面有困难？我从未想过这个问题，直到有一天，我五岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡包)里是否有ham(火腿)。答案是没有。这让我意识到eggplant(茄子)里也没有egg(鸡蛋)。pineapple(菠萝)里既没有pine(松树)，也没有apple(苹果)。这让我陷入思考：对于学习者而言，英语到底可以有多疯狂呢？
例如，我们可以在闲暇时雕刻一座雕像(sculpt a sculpture)、画一幅画(paint a painting)，但我们只能拍一张照片(take a pht)。旅行时，我们坐汽车或出租车时是说坐在里面(in)，但是坐火车或公共汽车时却要说坐在上面(n)！同样，我们会在海上晕船(seasick at sea)、在飞机晕机(airsick in the air)、在车里晕车(carsick in a car)，但回到家里我们却不会“晕家”(hmesick，实际意为“想家的，思乡的”)。说到家，为什么hmewrk(家庭作业)和husewrk(家务)(这两个英语单词看起来很像意思却)不是一回事呢？
“it’s snwing”. But when we see sunshine, we can’t say “it’s sunshining”.
如果说hard(硬)是sft(软)的反义词，为什么hardly(几乎不)和sftly(柔和地，轻柔地)却不是一对反义词呢？如果说harmless actins(无害的行为)与harmful actins(有害的行为)意思相反，为什么无耻的行为(shameless behavirs)和可耻的行为(shameful behavirs)反而是一回事？当我们望向窗外，看到雨(rain)或雪(snw)时，我们可以说正在下雨(it’s raining)或正在下雪(it’s snwing)。但当我们看到阳光(sunshine)时，我们不能说“正在下阳光”(it’s sunshining)。
即使是最短小的单词都让人费解。当你在医学报告中看到大写的WHO时，你会把它读为Wh’s that?中的wh吗？那么“IT”和“US”又该怎么读呢？
你也会对英语这门语言独有的疯狂感到惊奇。在英语里，房子烧成灰烬时，可以说burn up(字面意思是“烧上去”)，也可以说burn dwn(字面意思是“烧下去”)；填表时，你可以说fill in a frm(字面意思是“填入表里”)，也可以说fill ut a frm(字面意思是“填到表外”)；而且只有闹钟走了(g ff字面意思是“离开”)以后你才能听到铃声！
英语是人创造的，不是计算机发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。这就是为什么stars are ut(星星出现了)时，我们能看到星星，而当lights are ut(灯光熄灭)时，我们却看不到灯光。这也是当我wind up my watch(给手表上紧发条)以后表针开始走，而我wind up this passage(将本文收尾)后这篇文章结束的原因。
(1)why引导宾语从句，why在从句中作原因状语，意为“为什么”。
(2)whether引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”。
(3)that引导宾语从句，that在从句中不作成分，也不表示任何意义，可以省略。
(4)既不……也不……，neither置于句首，句子要部分倒装。
(5)hw引导宾语从句，在从句中作方式状语，意为“怎么，如何”。
(6)(8)(11)(12)(13)when引导时间状语从句。
(7)while引导时间状语从句。
(9)(10)if引导条件状语从句。
(14)(15)(16)in which引导定语从句，均修饰language。
(17)This is why...“这就是为什么……，这就是……的原因”，why后接表示结果的句子；but连接并列复合句。
1.ppsite adj.相反的，相对的，对立的，对面的n.对立面，对立物prep.在……对面/对过adv.在对面，在对过
·If “hard” is the ppsite f “sft”， why are “hardly” and “sftly” nt an ppsing pair？(教材P15)如果hard(坚硬的)
用法总结
be ppsite t 在……对面；与……相反
just the ppsite 恰恰相反
词块积累
the ppsite sex 异性
the ppsite meaning 相反的意思
in the ppsite directin 在相反的方向
2.cnfusing adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的
·Even the smallest f wrds can be cnfusing.(教材P15)
单词一族
cnfuse vt. 使迷惑，混淆
cnfused adj. 困惑的
cnfusin n. 混乱，困惑
用法总结
把……和……混淆
be cnfused abut sth 对某事迷惑不解
in cnfusin 困惑地，混乱地
3.reflect vt.反映；反射(声、光、热等)；显示；表达；沉思
·English was invented by peple, nt cmputers, and it reflects the creativity f the human race.(教材P15)
单词一族
reflectin n. 反映；映像；沉思，深思
reflective adj. (指人、心情等)深思熟虑的；(指物体表面)反光的
用法总结
reflect n/upn sth 认真思考……
n/upn reflectin 经再三思考
1.have truble (in) ding sth做某事有困难
短语记牢
(1)have truble/difficulty/prblems (in) ding sth做某事有困难/麻烦
(2)have truble/difficulty/prblems with sth在某方面有麻烦或有困难
2.lk ut f从……往外看
·When we lk ut f the windw and see rain r snw, we can say “it’s raining” r “it’s snwing”.
短语记牢
lk ut 当心(不及物动词短语)
lk ut fr 当心，注意(及物动词短语)
lk back at/n 回忆，回顾
lk dwn n/upn 看不起，轻视
lk int 调查
lk thrugh 翻阅，查找
lk up t 尊敬
3.burn dwn烧毁，烧掉(多指建筑物被烧塌)
短语记牢
burn up 烧光，烧尽(多指东西被烧掉)；(通过锻炼)消耗(热能)
burn ut 烧坏；燃尽；耗尽体力
burn sth t the grund 将……烧成平地
1.Neither is there pine nr apple in pineapple.(教材P14)菠萝中既没有松树也没有苹果。
【分析】 本句中意为“既不……也不……”，其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成分。
【总结】 的用法：
(1)连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应和临近的主语一致，遵循“就近原则”。
(2) neither可以单独作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。
(3)表示“一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事”时，可用neither或nr引起的部分倒装句进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither/Nr＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。
·Neither dad nr mum is at hme tday.今天父母都不在家。
·Neither f them likes ftball.他们俩都不喜欢足球。
·They didn’t g t the park yesterday.Neither/Nr did we.
昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去。
单句语法填空
①Neither his parents nr he likes (like) eating meat.
补全句子
②—I have never been t New Yrk yet.
—Neither/Nr__have__I(我也没去过).
句型转换
③The parents were nt satisfied with the result and their sn wasn’t either.
→Neither the parents nr their sn was satisfied with the result.
2.That is why when the stars are ut, they are visible, but when the lights are ut, they are invisible.(教材P15)
这就是为什么星星出来时是看得见的，灯灭了是看不见的。
【分析】 本句中That is why...意为“这就是……的原因”；why引导表语从句，表示结果；That指代上文提到的事实。
【拓展】 其他相关句型：
(1) This/That is/was why...这/那就是……的原因(why引导表语从句，表示结果)
(2)That/It is/was because...这/那是因为……(because引导表语从句，表示原因)
(3)The reasn that...……的原因是……(why引导定语从句并在从句中做状语；that引导表语从句，表示原因)
He fell ff a tall tree.That was why he hurt his leg.
＝He hurt his leg.That was because he fell ff a tall tree.
＝The reasn why he hurt his leg was that he fell ff a tall tree.
他从一棵很高的树上摔下来。那就是他弄伤腿的原因。
单句语法填空
①He’s mre f a talker than a der.This is why he never finishes anything.
②Frm space, the earth lks blue.This is because abut seventy-ne percent f its surface is cvered by water.
句型转换
③Tm came late fr the meeting because he was ill.
→ Tm was ill.That was why he came late fr the meeting.
→Tm came late fr the meeting.That was because he was ill.
→The reasn why Tm came late fr the meeting was that he was ill.
【基础练习】
Have yu ever asked 1.yurself (yu) why peple ften have truble 2.learning (learn) English? I hadn’t, until ne day my five-year-ld sn asked me 3.whether there was ham in a hamburger r nt.This gt me thinking hw English can be a crazy language 4.t__learn (learn).
Even the smallest f wrds can be 5.cnfusing (cnfuse).Yu als have t wnder at the unique madness f a language in 6.which a huse can burn up as it burns dwn, and in which an alarm 7.is__heard (hear) nce it ges ff!
English 8.was__invented (invent) by peple, nt cmputers, and it reflects the creativity f the human race.That is 9.why when the stars are ut, they are visible, but when the lights are ut, they are invisible.And that is why when I wind up my watch, it starts, 10.but when I wind up this passage, it ends.
【强化练习】
七选五
Have yu ever heard the phrase “inch wide, mile deep” with respect t picking an area f fcus fr yur educatin, wrk, website, business, etc? __1__ And yu shuld cncentrate n becming highly skilled in ne particular field.Then yu’ll be able t have a space in yur industry and hpefully make a gd living.Yu can d that.It des wrk t a certain extent.__2__
Yu dn’t have t use the “inch wide, mile deep” apprach if it bthers yu t d s.__3__ And it’s rightly s.There are sme big cnsequences(后果) t cnsider.
I dn’t use this apprach fr my wrk because I dn’t like the cnsequences f sticking t ne niche (合适的位置) fr s lng.__4__ I’d als feel bred even if I picked smething I lve.I like variety t much.This life is precius t me.While I lve ding deep dives, I dn’t want t be fcused n any ne aspect f life r business fr s lng that I miss ut n explring the ther aspects that als interest me.
Yu culd say that my niche is persnal grwth.But that isn’t really a niche at all because anything fits int that huge space：prductivity, relatinship, wrk, health, lifestyle, values, scial skills, and mre.__5__
I prefer the “mile wide, mile deep” apprach.It wrks well, t.There are sme cnsequences t accept, but yu may actually like thse cnsequences.
A.Insist n the same narrw tpic.
B.Many peple have mixed feelings abut it.
C.The idea here is that yu shuld narrw yur fcus.
D.I’d be bred within a few years n matter what I picked.
E.But this article is abut why yu may nt want t d that.
F.It’s imprtant t fcus n the lng-term relatinship with thers.
G.Name any tpic yu can think f and I can link it t persnal grwth.
【语篇解读】 “一寸宽，一里深”说的是你选择某一个领域，无论是教育、职场、网站还是生意，集中你的注意力，专注并精通一个特定的小领域。
1.C [你听说过“一寸宽，一里深”这个说法吗？这一观点是你应该集中注意力，专注并精通一个特定的小领域。故正确答案为C。]
2.E [根据下文的Yu dn’t have t use the “inch wide, mile deep” apprach和I dn’t use this apprach可知，E项“不过这篇文章告诉你的是，你可能不想这么做”承接上下文，符合语境。]
3.B [根据前面的it bthers yu t d s和后面的And it’s rightly s可知，如果不愿专注于一个小领域，你就不必用这个策略，许多人对这个策略感受很复杂，这也不奇怪。]
4.D [根据后面的I’d als feel bred even if I picked smething I lve可知，我不喜欢长时间专注某一特定领域，坚持几年就会觉得无聊，即便是自己爱好的事情也会觉得无聊。]
5.G [根据前面的persnal grwth和prductivity，relatinship，wrk，health，lifestyle，values，scial skills，and mre可知，G项“随口说一个你想得到的主题，我都可以将它和个人成长联系在一起”符合语境。]
Ⅲ.完形填空
Years ag，if a teenager had sme prblems in her life，she might g hme and write it in her diary.Nw a teenager with __1__ prblems might g nt the Internet and write abut her prblems in a blg(博客).In many ways，a diary and a blg are very __2__.S what makes blgging different frm writing in a(n)__3__ diary?
The biggest difference is that blgging is much mre __4__ than a diary.Usually a teenager treats her diary like a bk full f __5__ that she des nt want t __6__.
It’s interesting that smene wh writes in a blg __7__ a diary will prbably write nearly the same infrmatin.
I have a little sister，and smetimes I g nline t read her __8__.She writes abut things like waking up early fr swimming practice and nt studying enugh fr her chemistry test.__9__ I was her age，I wrte abut the same things，but __10__ in my diary.Then after I had finished writing，I wuld hide my diary in a secret place because I was __11__ that my sister might read it.
The biggest __12__ with blgging is that anyne can read what yu write.If I was angry with a friend during high schl and wrte smething __13__ abut her in my diary she wuld never knw.__14__，if my sister ever wrte smething bad abut a friend，that friend __15__ read her blg and get a “cry”.
There are als __16__ t blgging，f curse.If I felt sad ne day and wrte in my diary，“Nbdy cares abut me.” __17__ wuld knw abut it.Hwever，if my sister wrte the same sentence in her blg，her best friends wuld __18__ respnd(回应) and tell her hw much they __19__ her.Blgs help peple __20__ in cntact with their friends and knw what the peple arund them are ding.
same B.trublesme
C.difficult D.daily
答案 A [此处指青少年现在遇到和几年前一样的问题。]
B.special
C.similar D.different
答案 D [日记和博客在许多方面存在不同之处。下句中的“blgging different frm writing”也是提示。]
B.rdinary
C.cmmn D.traditinal
答案 D [此处表达博客与传统日记的区别。traditinal表示“传统的”，符合句意。]
B.public
C.cnvenient D.quick
答案 B [通过下一句和下文内容，当“我”写完日记时，“我”想把它藏起来，可知博客应该是比较公开化的。]
B.puzzles
C.mysteries D.secrets
答案 D [日记记录的都是个人秘密。]
B.share
C.publish D.slve
答案 B [既然是秘密，就不愿和别人“分享”。]
f B.as well as
C.in favr f D.in spite f
答案 A [此处强调的是写“博客”的人而不是写“日记”的人，故选A。as well as也；in favr f支持；in spite f尽管。]
B.diary
C.reprt D.web
答案 A [从上下文看，“我”的妹妹喜欢写“博客”。]
B.Since
C.When D.Because
答案 C [when引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。]
B.already
C.still D.never
答案 A [“我”只能把自己遇到的事写在日记里。]
B.cncerned
C.glad D.wrried
答案 D [“我”把日记藏起来，因为担心会被妹妹看到。]
B.dubt
C.truble D.mistake
答案 A [从下文看，博客的内容具有公开性，如果说别人的坏话会伤害别人的感情，因此，此处介绍的是博客的“问题”。]
B.wrng
C.mean D.funny
答案 C [从下文伤害别人的感情可以看出，是说别人的坏话，mean此处是形容词，表示“恶意的，不善良的”，符合句意。]
B.Hwever
C.Therefre D.Then
答案 B [在日记写别人的坏话，别人不会知道，而写博客不同，前后转折，故选B。]
B.will
C.must D.might
答案 D [在博客上写别人的坏话“可能会”被看到。]
B.disadvantages
C.shrtcmings D.advantages
答案 D [前面说博客的问题，后面说它的好处。]
B.N ne
C.Anyne D.Smene
答案 B [在日记里写东西没人会看到，故选“N ne”。]
B.especially
C.quickly D.immediately
答案 C [妹妹在博客上写同样的内容，最好的朋友“很快”会回应。]
B.miss
C.need D.help
答案 A [与上文“没有人关心我”相呼应，此处是指来自好朋友的安慰，朋友的“喜欢”就是关心，故选A。]
B.stay
C.get D.find
答案 B [博客最大的好处就是使人们时刻保持联系。lse cntact with 失去联系；stay in cntact with保持联系；get in cntact with取得联系。]
重点词汇
unique behavir cnfusing reflect creative cntact likely rganizatin remind cmment rather actually intend recgnize base aware
重点短语
have truble ding sth. 做某事有困难
get sb.ding 使某人正在做某事
in ne’s free time在某人的空闲时间
speaking f提到，谈到
wnder at 对……感到惊讶
burn up烧毁，烧尽
burn dwn 烧毁
fill in／ ut a frm填写一份表格
human race人类
wind up给（机械）上发条；使（活动、会议等）结束
cme acrss 偶然遇见
play safe谨慎行事，避免冒险
have a frg in ne’s thrat （尤指咽喉痛）说话困难
spend time ding花费时间（钱）做某事
lk frward t ding期盼做某事，期望做某事
重点句型结构
1.Neither is there pine nr apple in pineapple.
句型：表示“既不……也不……”。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。
注意：
1）当neither…nr…连接两个主语时，也应遵循'Neither nr就近原则
2）连接并列的句子时，(因neither/nr都是否定意义的词)前后两句都用倒装语序。
2. That is why when the stars are ut, they are visible, but when the lights are ut, they are invisible.
句型：why引导表语从句
语法知识
一、派生法
派生法——就是在词根前加前缀或在其后加后缀构成新词。加前缀，一般不改变词性，而只是引起意义上的变化。加后缀一般意义变化不大，只改变了词性。
常见的前缀有im-，in-，un-等：disappearance消失，implite不礼貌的，misguide误导，misunderstand误解，fair公平的→unfair不公平的
常见后缀有-ful，-ly，-ment，-ness等：
reprter 记者，freigner外国人，actr演员，inventr 发明家，trainee 新兵，emplyee 雇员，actress 女演员，hstess 女主人，Chinese 中国人，Canadian 加拿大人，mve→mvement运动，happy→happiness幸福，careful细心的，angry生气的→angrily生气地
二、合成法
合成法是构词法的一种，是把两个或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，有些带连字符，有些不带。合成词的词义通常可以由组成它的几个单词的意思推测出。
1.合成名词：bkmark书签；guidebk指南手册；sightseeing观光；air-cnditining空调；drinking-water饮用水
2.合成形容词：snwwhite雪白的；self-cnfident自信的；English-speaking讲英语的；gd-lking好看的
三、转化法
英语中，有些名词可作动词，有些形容词还可作动词、名词或副词。这种保持词形不变，但改变词性的用法就叫作转化法。
名词与动词间的相互转化 ：interest兴趣（n.）-使感兴趣（v.） time时间（n.）-给测量时间（v.）
形容词与动词间的相互转化 ：cl 凉的（adj.）-使凉爽(v.) empty空的（adj.）-倒空(v.)
形容词与名词间的相互转化 ：present在场的（adj.）-现在（n.） waste无用的，废弃的（adj.）-浪费（n.）
除了合成法、派生法，转化法，还有缩写和简写。
英文缩写
1) UN 联合国
2) 中华人民共和国
3) UK 英国的英文缩写
4)或U.S.美国
5)UNESCO联合国教育、科学、文化组织
6)SOS 求救信号
简写
news bradcast→newscast新闻广播
televisin bradcast→telecast电视播送
smke and fg→smg烟雾
helicpter airprt→heliprt直升飞机场
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