高中英语Unit 5 Learning from nature学案

这是一份高中英语Unit 5 Learning from nature学案，共18页。

Sectin Ⅰ Starting ut & Understanding ideas
1．a ______ teacher一名出色的老师
2．_________ f science 科学前沿
_________ n．建筑师→architecture n．建筑风格；建筑设计→architectural adj．建筑学的；建筑方面的
1．__________________认为……理所当然
2．_____________……的一个范例
3．______________把……转换成……
4．___________以……为根据
5．__________对……作出反应
6．_______________与……协调，与……和睦相处
1．[句型公式]“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
Visitrs are ften amazed t __________________________________________．
当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时，参观者常常叹为观止。
2．[句型公式]时间状语从句的省略
Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired t create the Centre __________________________ in which termites were cnstructing their nests．
津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。
① granted认为……理所当然
take it fr granted that...想当然地认为……(it是形式宾语，that引导的从句是真正的宾语)
②pine cne n．[C]松果，松球
③tile n．[C]瓦片
④clsely resemble很像……
clsely adv．(联系)紧密地
resemble vt．看起来像；显得像
resemble sb．/sth．in...在某方面与某人/某物相似
⑤inspire vt．(常用于被动语态)赋予灵感；引起联想；启发思考
⑥fascinating designs迷人的设计
fascinating adj．迷人的；极有吸引力的
[词链]fascinate(vt．&vi．深深吸引；迷住)—fascinated(adj．入迷的；极感兴趣的)—fascinatin(n．[U，sing．]入迷；着迷；[C，usually sing．]魅力；极大的吸引力)
⑦frest-like adj．像森林一样的
[构词法]-like是形容词后缀，表示“类似……的，有……特征的”，用于名词后构成形容词。
⑧capture the beauty f...捕捉……之美
⑨mimic v．(mimicked，mimicked，mimicking)模仿
⑩be designed t d sth．旨在做某事，目的是做某事
⑪sit v．[熟词生义]处在；坐落在；被放在
⑫shape vt．使成为……形状(或样子)；塑造
⑬ltus n．[C]莲花，荷花
⑭waterfrnt n．[usually sing．]滨水地区
⑮prmenade n．滨海步行道
⑯channel[熟词生义]v．(经过通道)输送，传送(水、光等)
⑰recycle v．回收利用，再利用
⑱plumbing system管道系统
plumbing n．[U]管道系统
⑲a superb example f...……的极好的典范
superb adj．极好的，出色的
⑳bimimicry n．[mass nun]仿生学
㉑termite n．[C]白蚁
㉒cnstruct v．建筑；修建；建造
cnstructin n．[U]建筑；建造；施工
under cnstructin在建设中
㉓be drawn int被吸入，被卷入
㉔air cnditining n．[U]空气调节系统
air cnditiner n．[C]空调机，空调设备
㉕run vi．&vt．(使)运转，运行，操作
㉖给……供应；用……喂养……
feed vt．[熟词生义]供给；供应；喂养；饲养
㉗carbn dixide二氧化碳
㉘encurage vt．[熟词生义]促进；助长；刺激
㉙把……转变为……
cnvert v．使转变；使转换
㉚pwer sth．给……供电(等)
pwer n．[U]电力供应；能量，力量；政权，影响力
[拓展]a pwer failure/cut停电
wind/slar/nuclear pwer风能/太阳能/核能
be in pwer执政(强调状态)
cme t/int pwer开始掌权/执政(强调动作)
beynd/ut f ne's pwer某人能力所不能及
in/within ne's pwer(t d sth．)某人有能力(做某事)
[词链]pwer(vt．&n．)—pwerful(adj．有影响力的；强有力的)—pwerfully(adv．强有力地)—pwerless(adj．无影响力的)
㉛harvest vt．&vi．收割(庄稼)，捕猎(动物、鱼)n．[C，U]收获季节，收割，收获；[C]收成，收获量
㉜respnd t对……作出反应
㉝generate vt．产生，引起
generate electricity/heat/pwer发电/产生热/动力
generate incme/prfit产生收益/利润
㉞renewable energy可再生能源
㉟in harmny with...与……和谐相处，与……协调
㊱meet the needs f...满足……的需求
㊲challenge n．[C]挑战，艰巨任务；挑战书；质疑vt．对……怀疑(或质疑)，向(某人)挑战
[拓展]face/meet a challenge面临/迎接挑战
challenge sb．t sth．向某人挑战某事；邀请某人进行……比赛
challenge the fact that...对……的事实提出异议
[词链]challenge(n．&vt．)—challenger(n．[C]挑战者)—challenging(adj．挑战性的)
Nature in Architecture
Trees，plants and flwers are all arund us and we enjy their beauty every day．In fact，[1]we are s used t them that we may even take them fr granted①withut realising hw much inspiratin they have given us．When we lk at a pine cne②，we might think [2]hw much it lks like the tiles③n a rf．An pen flwer might make us think [3]hw clsely it resembles④an umbrella．[4]It is natural t think in this way，but f curse it wasn't the umbrella that inspired⑤the flwer r the rf that inspired the pine cne．
[1]本句为主从复合句，其中包含一个“”句型，表示“如此……以至于……”。that从句中，“hw us”作realising的宾语。
[2][3]是两个平行结构，使行文结构更具匀称之美。
[4]本句是由but连接的并列句。第一个分句为“It is＋adj．＋t d sth．”句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。第二个分句是强调句型的否定形式，强调the umbrella和the rf。
Nature has inspired many f the mst fascinating designs⑥arund us，including thse in architecture．Frm Barcelna's frest-like⑦Sagrada Familia t the mdern style f Beijing's Water Cube，nature is presented in varius architectural designs．Tday，architects cntinue t explre ways [5]t capture the beauty f⑧natural frms，[6]t mimic⑨the way nature wrks r even [7]t make natural rganisms part f a building．
[5][6][7]为三个不定式短语作后置定语，修饰ways。
ArtScience Museum，Singapre
Peple [8]whse interest is explring the relatinship between art and science will enjy Singapre's ArtScience Museum．The building was designed t⑩shw the cnnectin between nature and the mdern city envirnment in which it sits⑪．[9]Shaped⑫t resemble a ltus⑬flwer，it appears t flat abve the waterfrnt⑭prmenade⑮and the water that surrunds it．Its rf cllects rainwater and channels⑯it 35 metres dwn t a waterfall in the centre f the space．The water is then recycled⑰thrugh the building's plumbing system⑱．Visitrs are ften amazed [10]t find themselves in an urban building that s truly captures the beauty f natural frms．
[8]whse引导定语从句，修饰先行词Peple。
[9]本句中“”是过去分词短语作状语，“it appears t flat”是句子的主干。主干中包含句型“sb./sth.appears t d sth.”，意为“某人/某物好像做某事”，该句型可转化为“It appears that/as if sb.”。
[10]不定式短语作原因状语，其中that 为定语从句，修饰先行词an urban building。
The Eastgate Centre，Harare
Harare's Eastgate Centre is a superb example f⑲bimimicry⑳．T use bimimicry is t create structures based n natural frms and prcesses．Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired t create the Centre [11]while watching a nature dcumentary in which termites㉑were cnstructing㉒their nests．[12]The insects built munds cvered in little hles designed t allw air t mve freely in and ut f the munds．In a similar way，the Eastgate Centre has a “skin”cvered in hles．During the day，warm air is drawn int㉓the building thrugh the hles，[13]cling as it reaches the middle f the building．At night，the heat absrbed by the wall during the day warms the cl air，[14]creating a cmfrtable temperature inside．The design reduces the need fr traditinal air cnditining㉔and heating systems，s the building uses less energy and csts less t run㉕．
[11]“连词＋动词-ing形式”结构，其中in which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a nature dcumentary。
[12]本句为简单句。cvered in little hles和designed munds是两个过去分词短语作后置定语，分别修饰munds和hles，构成过去分词的两个动词与被修饰词之间均为逻辑上的动宾关系。
[13][14]为动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。
The Algae Huse，Hamburg
The wrld's first algae-pwered building is in Hamburg，Germany．The surface f the apartment building is cvered in panels that cntain algae．The algae are fed with㉖liquid nutrients and carbn dixide㉗t encurage㉘them t grw．In bright sunshine，they grw faster and prvide shade．The panels als capture heat frm the sun and cnvert it int㉙energy that pwers the building㉚．And that's nt all—the algae inside the panels can be harvested㉛and used t prduce fuel．[15]The building therefre nt nly respnds t㉜its envirnment and uses less energy，but als reduces damage t the envirnment by generating㉝its wn renewable energy㉞．
[15]本句中含有并列连词nt als...，表示并列或递进关系，意为“不但……而且……”。nt als...与as well as所连接的并列成分各有侧重，nt als...侧重后者，as well as侧重前者。
Creating buildings such as these enables us t live in clser harmny with㉟ur envirnment．[16]T meet the needs f㊱tday while prtecting the wrld f tmrrw may be a challenge㊲，but even the simplest rganisms can help teach us hw t achieve this．
[16]本句是转折连词but连接的并列句。第一个分句中，动词不定式短语T 作主语，其中while 为“连词＋动词-ing形式”结构作状语；第二个分句中，hw t achieve this为“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，作teach的宾语。
建筑中的自然元素
我们身边都有花、草、树木，并且每天都能欣赏到它们的美。事实上，我们已经习惯了它们的存在，甚至可能把它们视为理所当然，却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。看到一个松果，我们可能会想它看起来多么像屋顶上的瓦片；看到一朵绽开的花，我们可能会觉得它和雨伞是多么相似。以这种方式思考是很自然的，但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感，也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
我们身边许多最迷人的设计，包括建筑设计，它们的灵感都来自大自然。从巴塞罗那的森林般的圣家族大教堂到现代风格的北京水立方，在各式各样的建筑设计中都能发现自然元素。如今，建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法，模仿自然运行的方式，或者让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。
新加坡艺术科学博物馆
对探索艺术与科学的关系感兴趣的人会乐于参观新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。该建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。它的形状像一朵莲花，漂浮在海滨长廊上，四周被水环绕。它的屋顶可收集雨水，雨水顺着管道向下35米到达博物馆中心的瀑布。然后，水通过建筑的管道系统循环使用。当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时，参观者常常叹为观止。
哈拉雷东门大厦
哈拉雷东门大厦是极好的仿生学范例，利用仿生技术，在自然形态和过程的基础上创造建筑结构。津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。这种昆虫搭建表面覆有小洞的蚁丘，以保证蚁丘内外部的空气流通。东门大厦也用了相似的方法，大厦的“皮肤”上设计了很多洞。白天，暖空气通过洞口引入建筑内部，在流向建筑中部的过程中冷却下来。夜间，墙壁吸收的热量使冷空气变暖，创造着适宜的内部温度条件。该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此建筑运行能耗和成本都较低。
汉堡藻屋
世界上第一座藻类能源建筑位于德国汉堡。公寓楼表面的面板上覆盖着藻类。藻类以液体营养素和二氧化碳为养料，促进自身生长。阳光明媚的时候，它们长得更快，可以遮阴。这些面板还可以吸收太阳的热量，并转化为电能，给建筑物供电。除此之外，面板内的藻类可以收集起来，做燃料用。因此，该建筑不仅能够适应环境，减少能耗，而且自身可以产生可再生能源，减少对环境的危害。
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与我们的环境更和谐地相处。保护明天的世界，同时满足当下的需求，这可能是一项挑战，但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙，教我们如何实现目标。
1．What's the main idea f the text?
A．Designs in architecture．
B．Architects f sme famus architecture．
C．Nature in architecture．
D．Inspiratin frm nature．
2．Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks．
Read the text carefully and then chse the best answer．
1．Why dn't we feel the inspiratin frm nature?
A．Because it is arund us．
B．Because we are nt clse t it．
C．Because we are accustmed t it．
D．Because we tend t ignre its imprtance．
2．Which f the fllwing was designed t shw the cnnectin between nature and the mdern city envirnment?
A．Beijing's Water Cube．
B．ArtScience Museum，Singapre．
C．The Eastgate Centre，Harare．
D．The Algae Huse，Hamburg．
3．What's the advantage f the Algae Huse in Hamburg?
A．It prduces its wn renewable energy．
B．It is in harmny with its envirnment．
C．It desn't need any energy．
D．It is prtected frm the sunlight by panels．
4．What can we cnclude frm the text?
A．Nature is influenced by human architecture．
B．Nature is full f mysteries．
C．Nature can be ur teacher．
D．Humans shuld prtect nature．
细读课文并找出采用比喻和拟人修辞法的句子
1．__________________________________________________________________
2．__________________________________________________________________
3．__________________________________________________________________
4．___________________________________________________________________
1．take granted 认为……理所当然
take it fr granted that ... 认为……理所当然；
把……视为理所当然
take example以……为例
take 认真对待
take accunt/cnsideratin把……考虑进去
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The plice have t take the mst trivial cmplaints _________ (serius)．
②Everything taken ____ cnsideratin，they believed themselves mre and returned t their psitins．
③他似乎理所当然地认为他应当作为代表发言。
He seemed t ________________________ he shuld speak as a representative．
[温馨提示]
在take granted句型中，take后的宾语是一个句子时，一般都用形式宾语it来代替，而把真正的宾语从句放在fr granted之后。
2．respnd t 对……作出反应；响应
(1)respnd v． 回答；响应；作出反应
(2)respnse n． 回答，答复；响应；反应
make n respnse t对……不作回应
in respnse t对……作出反应/回应
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/一句多译
①T ur disappintment，the infectin did nt respnd __ the drugs．
②The law was passed in ________ (respnd) t public pressure．
③他对我的建议报之一笑。
He ___________________________ with a laugh．
④面对工会的压力，经营者以加薪10%应对。
a．Management have granted a ten percent pay rise ______________ unin pressure．(respnse n．)
b．Management have granted a ten percent pay rise _____________ unin pressure．(respnd v．)
3．in harmny with 与……协调；与……和谐相处
(1)harmny n． 融洽；和睦
in harmny和谐地；协调地
ut f harmny不协调；不和谐
(2)harmnius adj．和谐的；协调的
(3)harmniusly adv．和谐地；融洽地
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①Only if peple live __ harmny with each ther can we create a mre __________ (harmny) sciety．
②We have been n gd terms with ur neighburs fr all these years，living ____________ (harmnius)．
③他们数千年来一直与自然和谐相处。
They have lived _______________ nature fr thusands f years．
4．cnvert v．使转变；使转换
(1)把……转变为……
cnvert t/int sth．转变成某物
(2)cnversin n．转变；转化
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I can't see hw this plastic sheet cnverts _______ a table．
②The __________ (cnvert) f the ld classrm int a new library has greatly imprved the schl．
③所有的银行票据都被兑换成了现金。
All the bank ntes ___________________ cash．
重点句式1 “find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
(教材P67) Visitrs are ften amazed t find themselves in an urban building that s truly captures the beauty f natural frms．
当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时，参观者常常叹为观止。
[句式分析] 本句中find themselves in an urban building为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，本句中介词短语作宾语补足语。
She wke up and fund herself in a hspital bed．
她醒来发现自己躺在医院的床上。
find的常见复合宾语结构：
(1)find＋宾语＋ eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(动词­ing形式（表示主动、进行）,过去分词（表示被动、完成）,形容词,介词短语))
(2) 在find的复合结构中，当宾语是动词不定式或that从句时，应用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语置于宾语补足语之后，即find＋it＋形容词/名词＋t d 发现/认为……。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I gradually fund him _____ (be) an hnest by．
②When the plice arrived，they fund the little by ______ (lck) in the huse．
③I fund __ very difficult t adapt myself t things all arund here．
④他发现这篇文章很难理解。
He fund the text _______________________．
⑤当他醒来时，他发现自己被一群青少年围着。
When he came t himself，he _________________________by a grup f teenagers．
重点句式2 时间状语从句的省略
(教材P67)Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired t create the Centre while watching a nature dcumentary in which termites were cnstructing their nests．
津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。
While walking alne in the street，I heard my name called．
当我一个人走在街上时，我听到有人叫我的名字。
(1)在时间、条件、让步、方式或比较状语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时，从句中的主语和be动词可以省略。
(2)当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，但从句的主语是it，并且从句中有be动词的某种形式时，可以把it和be动词一起省略。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/句型转换
①Althugh _____ (d) his best in maths these days，he has still gt n gd marks．
②As _________ (schedule)，we participated in several instructive activities．
③Unless _____ (ask) t speak，he always keeps silent．
④The exhibitin is mre interesting than it was expected．
→The exhibitin is mre interesting _____________．(省略句)
Ⅰ．单词拼写
1．Ideas will cme t yu easily and sme will prve t be ______ (极好的)．
2．Plants can absrb carbn _______ (二氧化物) and release xygen．
3．Clning is the ________ (前沿) technlgy in the field f life science and it is challenged by bth ethics and technlgy．
4．Tday's cmplex buildings require clse teamwrk between the __________ (建筑师) and the builders．
5．It takes 15 minutes t _______ (使转变)the plane int a car by remving the wings and the tail．
6．He tld me that he wanted t buy a __________ (滨水地区) apartment．
7．The rbt was prgrammed t _____ (模仿) a series f human mvements．
Ⅱ．选词填空
respnd t；in harmny with；at ease with； granted；
1．I have a dream that ur human beings culd live________________ the beautiful nature．
2．I asked her what the time was，but she didn't __________ my questin．
3．Yu shuldn't ____ it ___________ that yur parents must d everything fr yu．
4．What rate will I get if I _______ my dllars ____ eurs?
5．It is essential t feel ____________ yur therapist．
Ⅲ．完成句子
1．他什么也没说就走了，留下我们在外面站着。(动词-ing形式短语作结果状语)
He went away withut saying anything，___________________________．
2．他不仅读过这本书，还把所读的内容都记住了。(nt nly als ...)
He ______________________________________________ what he had read．
3．做早操对你的健康有好处。(动词-ing形式短语作主语)
_______________________ is gd fr yur health．
Ⅳ．课文语法填空
We are used t things that we may even take them fr granted withut realising hw much inspiratin they have given us．Nature 1．____________ (inspire) many f the mst 2．___________ (fascinate) designs arund us，3．_________ thse in architecture and is presented in varius architectural 4．_______ (design)．Tday，architects cntinue t explre ways 5．__________ (capture) the beauty f natural frms，t mimic the way nature wrks r even t make natural rganisms part f a building．6．________ (create) buildings such as these enables us t live in 7．______ (clse) harmny with ur envirnment．T meet the needs f tday 8．_____ prtecting the wrld f tmrrw may be 9．_ challenge，but even the simplest rganisms can help teach us 10．___ t achieve this．
核心单词
architect，superb，frntier，pnd，sw，wisdm，emply，bat，physician，bw，rural，decent，cttage，withdraw，dmestic，depressive，purity，resign，btanical，reject，ease，attain，evaluate，swimsuit，dragnfly
重点短语
take granted，an example f，cnvert ，respnd t，in harmny with，seek slutins t，take inspiratin frm，in return fr，draw ，reactin t，withdraw frm，resign neself t，at ease with
重点句型
1．“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构 2．时间状语从句的省略 3．while用作并列连词，连接并列句 4．as引导定语从句
单元语法
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
主题写作
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