2024届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三下学期模拟考试重组（一）英语试题（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份2024届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三下学期模拟考试重组（一）英语试题（原卷版+解析版），文件包含2024届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三下学期模拟考试重组一英语试题原卷版docx、2024届湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三下学期模拟考试重组一英语试题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共35页， 欢迎下载使用。
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：Hw much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. Why hasn’t the man taken a pht f the twer?
A. The fg is thick. B. The twer is t far. C. The camera is brken.
2. Hw des Sarah sund?
A. Cntent. B. Wrried. C. Cnfused.
3. What is the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A. Hst and interviewee. B. Waiter and custmer. C. Shp assistant and manager.
4. Where are the speakers?
A. In a restaurant. B. In a bank. C. In a htel.
5. What d we knw abut Jhn?
A. He rides a bicycle t schl.
B. He plans t read a nvel.
C. He ften wrks ut.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the wman ding?
A. Asking fr the dinner arrangements.
B. Preparing fr dinner.
C. Welcming the guests.
7. Hw des the wman sund?
A. Nervus. B. Impatient. C. Cnfident.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why des the wman talk t the man?
A. T ask fr help. B. T issue an invitatin. C. T shw her plan.
9. What will the man d?
A. Attend the party.
B. Prepare sme fried chicken.
C. Study fr the whle weekend.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What cncerns the man?
A. The impact f practising n his mther.
B. The chance f lsing the cmpetitin.
C. The lack f a prper teacher t guide him.
11. Hw will the wman help the man?
A. By helping him chse a piece f music.
B. By finding a place fr practising.
C. By practising the pian with him.
12 What can we learn abut the man?
A. His mther wns a music stre.
B. He is ging t turn t his aunt.
C. He plays the pian well.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13 When was the Wrld Wild Fund fr Nature set up?
A. In 1916. B. In 1961. C. In 1969.
14. What des·the Audubn Sciety wrk t prtect?
A. Birds. B. Frests. C. Sea animals.
15. What is the Audubn Sciety named after?
A. An artist. B. An animal. C. A city.
16. What d we knw abut the Wilderness Sciety?
A. Its head ffice is in New Yrk.
B. It has 18 ffices in the US.
C. It fcuses n the natural envirnment f the US.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When did it rain last time in Juárez?
A. Three days ag. B. A mnth ag. C. A year ag.
18. What seasn is it nw in Juárez?
A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Autumn.
19. What are ld peple advised t d?
A. Take a walk in the afternn.
B. Drink plenty f water.
C. Keep their hmes cl.
20. What will be talked abut next?
A. The preparatins fr extreme weather.
B. The weather cnditins in the future.
C. The reasn f ht weather.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
D yu like high tea? One Sunday each mnth, and frtnightly during winter, we are serving delicius high tea in the Rainfrest Rm. Yu can walk in the beautiful gardens, see the amazing animals, and then jin us and the little mnkeys frm 1:30 p. m. fr high tea! Bkings are necessary.
As we all knw, tea is drunk by the largest number f peple in the wrld. It has a histry f ver 4,000 years, and China is the hme f tea. Yu can enjy high tea as well as the beautiful surrundings happily here.
Yur high tea buffet (自助餐) package includes a selectin f sweet and savury items served with tea and cffee and ne-hur cmplimentary access t Melburne Z prir t the high tea starting at 1:30 p. m.
* $ 71.00 per persn ($ 64.50 fr members)
* $79.00 per persn with a glass f beer ($ 71.70 fr members)
* $ 3600 per child f 2~12 years ($ 33.00 fr members)
Please nte: Purchasing a $36.00 child’s ticket is at a parent’s/guardian’s directin fr children under tw years ld. Guests under the age f 18 must be accmpanied by an adult.
Dates nw available:
Sunday 11 July—Sld Out Sunday 25 July—Selling Fast
Sunday 8 August Sunday 22 August
Sunday 19 September Sunday 24 Octber
Sunday 21 Nvember
Mre dates t be given sn!
BOOK NOW
Fr mre infrmatin please call ur Event Team at 9285-9440.
1. What will yu d in the Rainfrest Rm?
A. Make tea and cffee.B. See the animals.
C. Walk in the gardens.D. Enjy eating and drinking.
2. If six children (nn-members) jin in high tea, they have t pay ______.
A. $198B. $216C. $426D. $387
3. Which date can’t yu chse nw?
A. Sunday 25 July.B. Sunday 22 August.
C. Sunday 11 July.D. Sunday 24 Octber.
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了墨尔本动物园所提供的下午茶，在这里你可以游览漂亮的花园、参观动物，并可以享受美味下午茶。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“One Sunday each mnth, and frtnightly during winter, we are serving delicius high tea in the Rainfrest Rm. (每个月的一个星期天，冬季每两周一次，我们在热带雨林室提供美味的下午茶。)”和第三段中“Yur high tea buffet (自助餐) package includes a selectin f sweet and savury items served with tea and cffee(您的下午茶自助餐套餐包括精选的甜食和咸味食品，配以茶和咖啡)”可知，在Rainfrest Rm可以享受饮食，吃吃喝喝，故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据“$ 36.00 per child f 2~12 years ($ 33.00 fr members) (每位2——12岁的儿童36美元，会员33美元)”可知，6个非会员小孩应付216美元，故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Dates nw available部分的“Sunday 11 July—Sld Out (7月11日星期日已售罄)”可知，Sunday 11 July不能选，故选C项。
B
The Nbel Prize is cnsidered as ne f the mst recgnizable and admirable awards pssible, hnring peple f the wrld fr their utstanding achievements in different fields.
Alfred Nbel was brn in 1833 t a family f engineers in Stckhlm, Sweden. In 1850, he met Ascani Sbrer, the inventr f nitrglycerin (硝酸甘油) in Paris. Interested in its unpredictable nature f explding under pressure r heat, Nbel started t find a way t cntrl it and make a usable explsive. After years f effrts, in 1867, Nbel invented dynamite, which is much easier and safer t cntrl than nitrglycerin.
During his lifetime, Nbel invented and patented varius explsives. He built up his wealth frm his 355 inventins, frm which dynamite was the mst imprtant.
When Alfred’s brther Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper mistakenly published Alfred’s bituary (讣告). Reading his wn bituary, Nbel was disappinted t find ut his public image. The newspaper strngly blamed Nbel fr inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname f “the merchant f death” and saying “Dr. Alfred Nbel, wh became rich by finding ways t kill mre peple faster than ever befre, died yesterday.”
T Alfred, this bituary was a warning. He spent his lifetime alne inventing things and was deeply cncerned with hw he wuld be remembered. This unfrtunate event inspired him t make changes in his will, s as t imprve his public image, and t be remembered fr a gd cause. In 1895, ne year befre his death, Nbel made the last will, saying clearly that his wealth wuld be used t create a series f prizes fr thse wh have made great cntributins t mankind in physics, chemistry, physilgy r medicine, literature, and peace. T widespread astnishment, Dr. Alfred Nbel gave away 94% f his ttal wealth t fund the five Nbel Prizes.
4. What led t Nbel’s inventin f dynamite accrding t Paragraph 2?
A. The strng desire t make mney.B. His great curisity and devtin t science.
C. His lifetime dream f achieving success.D. The valuable help frm his family.
5. When did Nbel invent dynamite?
A. 34.B. 40.C. 42.D. 55.
6. What was Alfred Nbel’s attitude twards the newspaper’s bituary?
A. Optimistic.B. Satisfied.C. Upset.D. Supprtive.
7. Why did Nbel give away mst f his wealth t set up the Nbel Fundatin?
A. T be remembered as “the merchant f death”.B. T prve the imprtance f his inventins.
C. T publish his findings f scientific research.D. T leave a gd name t the public.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。主要介绍了诺贝尔一生发明了无数的爆炸物品，但是却因此而受到了人们的诟病，为了提升自己的公众形象，将自己一生大部分的财产捐献了出去，成立基金奖励在各行业做出突出贡献的人。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Interested in its unpredictable nature f explding under pressure r heat, Nbel started t find a way t cntrl it and make a usable explsive. After years f effrts, in 1867, Nbel invented dynamite, which is much easier and safer t cntrl than nitrglycerin.(诺贝尔对它在压力或高温下爆炸的不可预测的性质很感兴趣，他开始寻找控制它的方法，并制造出可用的炸药。经过多年的努力，诺贝尔在1867年发明了炸药，它比硝酸甘油更容易控制，也更安全)”可知，对未知的大自然爆炸是极其感兴趣的，说明他有好奇心；他经过数年的不懈努力，终于发明了炸药，可知，他对科学的执着和投入促使了他发明了炸药。由此可知，他对科学的好奇以及投入使得他发明了炸药，故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Alfred Nbel was brn in 1833 t a family f engineers in Stckhlm, Sweden.(阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔于1833年出生在瑞典斯德哥尔摩的一个工程师家庭)”以及“After years f effrts, in 1867, Nbel invented dynamite, which is much easier and safer t cntrl than nitrglycerin.(经过多年的努力，诺贝尔在1867年发明了炸药，它比硝酸甘油更容易控制，也更安全)”可知，诺贝尔1867-1833=34岁发明了炸药。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Reading his wn bituary, Nbel was disappinted t find ut his public image.(读着自己的讣告，诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望)”可知，他看到自己的讣告时是很失望的、沮丧的。故选C。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“This unfrtunate event inspired him t make changes in his will, s as t imprve his public image, and t be remembered fr a gd cause. (这一不幸的事件促使他修改遗嘱，以改善他的公众形象，并为一项美好的事业而被人们记住)”可知，他捐赠自己的财产来设立诺贝尔基金会目的是为了给公众留下好的形象，故选D。
C
A British cmpany has prpsed releasing a GM(genetically mdified) strain f the diamndback mth (菱形斑纹蛾), which has been develped t help reduce the ppulatin f these vegetable-eating insects.
Male diamndback mths carrying a deadly gene wuld be released which wuld cause their ff springs (后代) t die almst immediately. Then the fall in their numbers culd help t increase crp yields fr farmers.
Oxitec, the cmpany which came up with the idea, hpes t begin trials next year but faces ppsitin frm grups wh say the untested technlgy culd threaten wildlife and human health.
“Mass releases f GM insects int the British cuntryside wuld be impssible t recall if anything went wrng. Changing ne part f an ecsystem can have knck-n effects n thers in ways that are prly understd. This culd include an increase in different types f pests. Wildlife that feeds n insects culd be harmed if there are changes t their fd supply” said Dr Helen Wallace, the directr f Gene-Watch UK, wh has sat n gvernment advisry bdies.
Hadyn Parry, Oxitec’s chief executive, said there was demand frm farmers fr the technlgy and that using GM insects t kill the pests that feed n fd crps is better fr the envirnment than chemical sprays. The firm, which is supprted by grants frm the taxpayer, is develping a number f GM insects that wuld be used in Britain and arund the wrld t prtect crps and cmbat disease in humans.
Oxitec has cntacted the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) t ask what cntrls, if any, shuld be put in place arund GM mth trials. A spkesman said that while its fficials and advisers have discussed Oxitec’s plans, there is yet t be a frmal applicatin fr a trial. Cnsequently the department has nt reached a view n whether it shuld g ahead.
8. Peple strngly bject t the idea mainly because they think _______.
A. the technlgy wn’t be as effective as chemical sprays
B. the technlgy may bring abut knck-n effects n insects
C. the technlgy wn’t be well cntrlled
D. the technlgy may nt be gd fr wildlife and human health
9. What is Dr Helen Wallace’s attitude twards the idea?
A. Disapprving.B. Psitive.C. Dubtful.D. Nt mentined.
10. The underlined wrd “cmbat” in the fifth paragraph can be replaced by“_______”.
A. struggleB. avidC. fightD. cntract
11. Which f the fllwing can be learned frm the text?
A. Oxitec still hasn’t frmed any plans t cntrl the trials.
B. Oxitec has decided t begin the trial this year.
C. Taxpayers will nt cntinue t supprt Oxitec’s research.
D. Farmers prefer GM insects t chemical sprays.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一家英国公司提议释放一种转基因的小菜蛾品种，这种品种已经被开发出来，以帮助减少这些以蔬菜为食的昆虫的数量。携带致命基因的雄菱形蛾将被释放，这将导致它们的后代几乎立即死亡。然后，它们数量的下降可能有助于提高农民的作物产量。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Oxitec, the cmpany which came up with the idea, hpes t begin trials next year but faces ppsitin frm grups wh say the untested technlgy culd threaten wildlife and human health. (提出这一想法的Oxitec公司希望明年开始试验，但遭到一些团体的反对，他们表示，这种未经测试的技术可能威胁野生动物和人类健康。)”可知，人们强烈反对这一想法，主要是因为他们认为这项技术可能对野生动物和人类健康不利。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段““Mass releases f GM insects int the British cuntryside wuld be impssible t recall if anything went wrng. Changing ne part f an ecsystem can have knck-n effects n thers in ways that are prly understd. This culd include an increase in different types f pests. Wildlife that feeds n insects culd be harmed if there are changes t their fd supply” said Dr Helen Wallace, the directr f Gene-Watch UK, wh has sat n gvernment advisry bdies. (“如果出了什么问题，大规模释放转基因昆虫到英国农村是不可能被召回的。改变生态系统的一部分可能会以人们知之甚少的方式对其他部分产生连锁反应。这可能包括不同类型害虫的增加。“如果食物供应发生变化，以昆虫为食的野生动物可能会受到伤害。”英国基因观察组织主任、政府咨询机构成员海伦·华莱士博士说。)”可知，海伦·华莱士博士不赞成这个想法。故选A。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The firm, which is supprted by grants frm the taxpayer, is develping a number f GM insects that wuld be used in Britain and arund the wrld t prtect crps and”可知，这家由纳税人资助的公司正在开发一些转基因昆虫，这些昆虫将在英国和世界各地用于保护农作物和抵御人类疾病。故划线词意思是“抵御”。故选C。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“A spkesman said that while its fficials and advisers have discussed Oxitec’s plans, there is yet t be a frmal applicatin fr a trial. Cnsequently the department has nt reached a view n whether it shuld g ahead. (一位发言人表示，尽管其官员和顾问已经讨论了Oxitec的计划，但尚未收到正式的试验申请。因此，该部门尚未就是否应该继续进行达成意见。)”可知，Oxitec仍未形成任何控制试验的计划。故选A。
D
“Wman reading bk, under a night sky, dreamy atmsphere,” I type int Deep Dream Generatr’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned tm e shwing what I’ve described.
Welcme t the wrld f AI image generatin, where yu can create what n the surface lks like tp-rank artwrk using just a few text prmpts (提示). But clser examinatin shws ddities. The face f the wman in my image has very dd features, and appears t be hlding multiple bks. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s n creative satisfactin.
AI image generatin culd impact everything frm film t graphic nvels and mre. Children’s illustratrs were quick t raise cncerns abut the technlgy. They say AI-generated art is the exact ppsite f what art is believed t be. Fundamentally, art is all abut translating smething that yu feel internally int smething that exists externally. Whatever frm it takes, true art is abut the creative prcess much mre than it’s abut the final piece. And simply pressing a buttn t generate an image is nt a creative prcess.
Beynd creativity, there are deeper issues. T create images frm prmpts, AI generatr s rely n databases f already existing art and text. This culd lead t the creatin f images that are intentinally meant t imitate the style f ther artists, withut their agreement. There is an argument that Al generatrs wrk n differently t humans when it cmes t being influenced by thers’ wrk, Hwever, a human artist is als adding emtin and nuance (细微差别) int the mix. AI desn’t d the same — it can nly cpy.
The increasing use f AI will als lead t a devaluing f the wrk f artists. There’s already a negative prejudice twards the creative industry. Peple will begin t think that their “wrk” is as valid as that created by smene wh has spent a career making art. It’s nnsense, f curse. Yu can use yur mbile phne t take a nice picture f yur daughters, but yu are n match fr prfessinals.
12. What des the writer think f his image creatin?
A. Exciting.B. AppealingC. Unsatisfying.D. Shcking.
13 What d children’s illustratrs value mst abut art?
A. The creating prcess.B. The final wrk.
C. Persnal feelings.D. External frms.
14. What is Paragraph 4 f the text mainly abut?
A. The styles f human artwrks and AI nes.
B. Human artists’ influence n AI generatrs.
C. Different means used in human and AI art creatin.
D. The drawbacks f drawing frm existing art and text.
15. Which f the fllwing best summarizes the last paragraph?
A. Art is the mirrr f life.B. Rme is nt built in a day.
C. N man can d tw things at nce.D. Jack f all trades, master f nne.
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. C 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了儿童插画家的观点：人工智能创造的艺术不是真正的艺术。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“But clser examinatin shws ddities. The face f the wman in my image has very dd features, and appears t be hlding multiple bks. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s n creative satisfactin. (但仔细检查会发现奇怪的地方。我照片中那个女人的脸有非常奇怪的特征，似乎拿着好几本书。而且，虽然看到图像出现时最初会感到兴奋，但没有创造性的满足感)”可推知，作者对他的图像创作不满意。故选C项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Fundamentally, art is all abut translating smething that yu feel internally int smething that exists externally. Whatever frm it takes, true art is abut the creative prcess much mre than it’s abut the final piece. And simply pressing a buttn t generate an image is nt a creative prcess. (从根本上说，艺术就是将你内在感受到的东西转化为外在存在的东西。无论采取何种形式，真正的艺术都关乎创作过程，而不是最终作品。简单地按下一个按钮来生成图像并不是一个创造性的过程)”可知，儿童插画家最看重艺术创作的过程，因为艺术的核心是将内在感受转化为外在存在，真正的艺术更多地关注创作过程而不是最终作品。故选A项。
【14题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Beynd creativity, there are deeper issues. T create images frm prmpts, AI generatr s rely n databases f already existing art and text. This culd lead t the creatin f images that are intentinally meant t imitate the style f ther artists, withut their agreement. There is an argument that AI generatrs wrk n differently t humans when it cmes t being influenced by thers’ wrk, Hwever, a human artist is als adding emtin and nuance (细微差别) int the mix. AI desn’t d the same — it can nly cpy. (除了创造力之外，还有更深层次的问题。为了从提示创建图像，人工智能生成器依赖于已经存在的艺术和文本的数据库。这可能会导致在未经其他艺术家同意的情况下故意模仿其他艺术家风格的图像。有一种观点认为，在受到他人作品的影响时，AI生成器的工作方式与人类没有什么不同，但是，人类艺术家也在混合中添加了情感和细微差别。人工智能不会做同样的事情——它只能复制)”可知，本段主要讲述了人类和人工智能艺术创造中使用的不同手段。故选C项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“The increasing use f AI will als lead t a devaluing f the wrk f artists. There’s already a negative prejudice twards the creative industry. Peple will begin t think that their “wrk” is as valid as that created by smene wh has spent a career making art. It’s nnsense, f curse. Yu can use yur mbile phne t take a nice picture f yur daughters, but yu are n match fr prfessinals. (人工智能的日益普及也将导致艺术家作品的贬值。对创意产业已经存在负面偏见。人们会开始认为他们的“作品”与那些以艺术创作为职业的人所创作的作品一样有效。当然，这是无稽之谈。你可以用你的手机给你的女儿拍一张漂亮的照片，但你不是专业人士的对手)”可知，人工智能的使用会使艺术家的作品贬值。人们会认为他们用AI创作的作品和以艺术创作为职业的人的作品有同样的价值。作者认为这是错误的，在最后一句中，作者认为尽管普通人可以创作出漂亮的作品，也比不上专业人士，作者暗示艺术创作需要经过长期的训练。由此可知，B项“Rme is nt built in a day. (罗马非一日建成)”意指任何伟大的事物都需要时间和耐心来建立。故选B项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
China’s Qiantang River is famus fr a unique natural phenmenn, a wavy pattern tide that was bserved in 2021.
The Qiantang River’s estuary (河口) in Zhejiang Prvince has lng been famus fr having the strngest tidal waves in the wrld. ____16____ Hwever, in 2021, researchers discvered anther natural phenmenn unique t this estuary. Under specific cnditins, the tide cmes in waves that lk like fish scales (鳞) n the water’s surface. ____17____
The exact reasn fr this unusual tide pattern’s ccurrence is still being discussed. Different surces give different reasns. ____18____
“The area is als knwn t have rtating currents, meaning that the tide des nt simply mve inland and then change its directin,” Nicle Sharp writes. ____19____ “This unique characteristic creates an ideal envirnment fr waves t crash int each ther at varius angles. Tw sets f waves meet at a crssrads, creating cl wave patterns.”
Accrding t the media, astrnmy, tpgraphy, and wind directins are the main factrs that prduce the “fish scale tide”. ____20____ S des the shape f the estuary — very narrw at the river muth, but then very wide where it meets the sea.
Whatever the exact necessary cnditins fr the ccurrence f the “fish scale tide” may be, ne thing is fr sure-it rarely happens.
A. The phenmenn is knwn as the ”fish scale tide".
B. Instead, a rtating current can change its directin during a tidal cycle withut changing its speed.
C. Peple always get endangered there.
D. Apparently, the mn and the sun play a big part in the phenmenn.
E. Besides, the weather cnditins are f great imprtance.
F. Fr example, FyFluidDyamics believes that the phenmenn is the result f a series f factrs.
G. At times, they can get as tall as nine meters.
【答案】16. G 17. A 18. F 19. B 20. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了什么是“鱼鳞潮”以及其产生的原因和因素。
【16题详解】
根据上文“The Qiantang River’s estuary (河口) in Zhejiang Prvince has lng been famus fr having the strngest tidal waves in the wrld.(浙江省钱塘江河口长期以来以拥有世界上最强的潮汐而闻名)”以及后文“Hwever, in 2021, researchers discvered anther natural phenmenn unique t this estuary. Under specific cnditins, the tide cmes in waves that lk like fish scales (鳞) n the water’s surface.(然而，在2021年，研究人员发现了这个河口特有的另一种自然现象。在特定的条件下，潮水以波浪的形式出现，看起来像水面上的鱼鳞)”可知，本句承接上文，说明钱塘江潮汐的情况，G选项中they对应上文tidal waves。故G选项“有时，它们可以高达9米”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“Hwever, in 2021, researchers discvered anther natural phenmenn unique t this estuary. Under specific cnditins, the tide cmes in waves that lk like fish scales (鳞) n the water’s surface.(然而，在2021年，研究人员发现了这个河口特有的另一种自然现象。在特定的条件下，潮水以波浪的形式出现，看起来像水面上的鱼鳞)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，总结上文提到的现象，故A选项“这种现象被称为‘鱼鳞潮’”符合语境，故选A。
【18题详解】
根据上文“The exact reasn fr this unusual tide pattern’s ccurrence is still being discussed. Different surces give different reasns.(这种不寻常的潮汐模式发生的确切原因仍在讨论中。不同的来源给出了不同的理由)”可知，本段主要分析了这种潮汐发生的原因，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文就不同理由给出例子，故F选项“例如，FyFluidDyamics认为这种现象是一系列因素的结果”符合语境，故选F。
【19题详解】
根据上文““The area is als knwn t have rtating currents, meaning that the tide des nt simply mve inland and then change its directin,” Nicle Sharp writes.(尼科尔·夏普写道：“众所周知，该地区有旋转洋流，这意味着潮汐不会简单地向内陆移动，然后改变方向。”)”以及后文“This unique characteristic creates an ideal envirnment fr waves t crash int each ther at varius angles. Tw sets f waves meet at a crssrads, creating cl wave patterns.(这种独特的特性为波浪以不同的角度相互撞击创造了理想的环境。两组波在十字路口相遇，形成冷波模式)”可知，本段的主要内容是关于水流对于潮汐的影响，B选项中a rtating current对应rtating currents。故B选项“相反，在潮汐周期中，旋转的水流可以改变方向而不改变速度”符合语境，故选B。
【20题详解】
根据上文“Accrding t the media, astrnmy, tpgraphy, and wind directins are the main factrs that prduce the “fish scale tide”.(据媒体报道，天文、地形和风向是产生“鱼鳞潮”的主要因素)”以及后文“S des the shape f the estuary — very narrw at the river muth, but then very wide where it meets the sea.(河口的形状也是如此——河口处很窄，入海口处很宽)”可知，本段主要分析了产生“鱼鳞潮”的主要因素，且上文提到了天文因素，可对应D选项中the sun和the mn。故D选项“显然，月亮和太阳在这一现象中起了很大的作用。”符合语境，故选D。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My parents never nce spke f the stress f having t pay fr cllege, but I knew enugh t appreciate that it was there. Therefre, when my French teacher annunced that she’d be leading an ptinal class trip t Paris ver ne f ur ____21____ fr thse wh culd cme up with the mney t d it, I didn’t even ____22____ t raise the issue at hme.
Yet ne evening my parents ____23____ me dwn, lking puzzled. My mm had learned abut the France trip thrugh my friend’s mm.
“Why didn’t yu tell us?” she said. “
Because it’s t much mney. ”I replied.
“That’s actually nt fr yu t decide, Michelle, ” my dad said gently, feeling almst ____24____. “And hw are we suppsed t decide, if we dn’t even knw abut it?”
I lked at them bth, ____25____ f what t say. My mther glanced at me, her eyes sft. My father had changed ut f his wrk unifrm and int a clean white shirt. They were in their early frties then, married nearly twenty years. Neither ne f them had ever ____26____ in Eurpe. They never tk beach trips r went ut t dinner. They didn’t wn a huse. We were their ____27____, me and my brther. Everything went int us.
A few mnths later, I ____28____ a flight t Paris with my teacher and a dzen r s f my classmates frm Whitney Yung in Chicag. We wuld stay in a hstel, and ____29____ the Luvre and the Eiffel Twer. We’d buy snacks frm ____30____ n the street and walk alng the banks f the Seine. We’d speak French like a bunch f high schl kids frm Chicag, but we’d at least speak French.
As the plane ____31____ frm its gate that day, I lked ut my windw and back at the airprt, knwing that my mther std smewhere behind its black-glass windw, dressed in her winter cat and waving me n. I remember all the ____32____. I remember the jet engines firing, ____33____ lud. And then we were rattling dwn the runway and beginning t tilt upward as the ____34____ seized my chest and pressed me backward int my seat fr that strange, in-between mment that cmes befre finally I feel ____35____
21. A. cursesB. breaksC. districtsD. spends
22. A. btherB. expectC. anticipateD. prmise
23. A. putB. calmedC. tkD. sat
24. A. cllapsedB. discuragedC. ffendedD. exhausted
25. A. incapableB. unsureC. ashamedD. unavidable
26. A. wrkedB. tradedC. phtgraphedD. vacatined
27. A. investmentB. highlightC. ambitinD. inspiratin
28. A. climbedB. caughtC. bardedD. charged
29. A. shwcaseB. turC. surrundD. witness
30. A. sptsB. psitinsC. scenesD. stands
31. A. pulled inB. pulled upC. pulled awayD. pulled ver
32. A. detailsB. accuntsC. descriptinsD. instructins
33. A. arguablyB. shckinglyC. thrughlyD. ultimately
34. A. windB. nisesC. scareD. acceleratin
35. A. liftedB. remvedC. spedD. split
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的家庭经济拮据，于是作者没有告诉父母要去巴黎旅行的事情。最后父母还是送作者去了，作者记得当时的所有细节。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，当我的法语老师宣布，她将在我们的一个假期里带领那些有钱的人去巴黎旅行时，我甚至懒得在家里提出这个问题。A. curses课程；B. breaks休假，休息；C. districts区域；D. spends花费。根据上文“she’d be leading an ptinal class trip t Paris”此处指老师会在学生的假期里带人去巴黎旅行，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，当我的法语老师宣布，她将在我们的一个假期里带领那些有钱的人去巴黎旅行时，我甚至懒得在家里提出这个问题。A. bther烦恼；B. expect期待；C. anticipate预期；D. prmise承诺。根据后文““Why didn’t yu tell us?” she said. “Because it’s t much mney. ”I replied.(“你为什么不告诉我们？”她说。“因为要花太多钱。”我回答说)”可知，作者不愿意在家里提出这个事情，bther表示“费心”符合语境。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而有一天晚上，我的父母坐在我旁边，看起来很困惑。A. put放；B. calmed使平静；C. tk带走；D. sat坐下。根据后文“me dwn, lking puzzled”指父母坐在作者旁边，要谈论这件事。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“米歇尔，这实际上不是由你来决定的。”爸爸温柔地说，感觉生气了。A. cllapsed倒塌的；B. discuraged沮丧的；C. ffended生气的；D. exhausted疲惫的。根据后文“And hw are we suppsed t decide, if we dn’t even knw abut it?(如果我们都不知道，我们该怎么做决定？)”指父亲因为作者不告知这件事，而生气了。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我看着他们俩，不知道说什么好。A. incapable无能的；B. unsure不确定的；C. ashamed羞愧的；D. unavidable不可避免的。根据后文“f what t say”可知，面对父母，作者不知道该说什么了。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们俩谁也没有在欧洲度过假。A. wrked工作；B. traded交易；C. phtgraphed拍摄；D. vacatined度假。根据后文“They never tk beach trips r went ut t dinner. They didn’t wn a huse.(他们从不去海滩旅行，也不出去吃饭。他们没有房子)”可知，父母没有在欧洲度假过。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们是他们的投资，我和我哥哥。A. investment投资；B. highlight亮点；C. ambitin抱负；D. inspiratin鼓舞。根据上文“They never tk beach trips r went ut t dinner. They didn’t wn a huse.(他们从不去海滩旅行，也不出去吃饭。他们没有房子)”可知，父母把钱都花在了孩子身上，即他们是父母的投资。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，我和老师以及芝加哥惠特尼杨学院的十几个同学一起登上了飞往巴黎的航班。A. climbed攀爬；B. caught抓住；C. barded搭乘；D. charged收费。根据后文“n the street and walk alng the banks f the Seine”指作者和同学一起登上了飞往巴黎的航班。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们将住在旅馆里，参观卢浮宫和埃菲尔铁塔。A. shwcase展示；B. tur参观；C. surrund围绕；D. witness目击。根据后文“the Luvre and the Eiffel Twer”指他们参观卢浮宫和埃菲尔铁塔。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们会在街边的小摊上买零食，然后沿着塞纳河岸边散步。A. spts地点；B. psitins位置；C. scenes场景；D. stands摊位。根据上文“We’d buy snacks frm”可知，他们在街边的小摊上买零食，故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：那天，当飞机离开登机口时，我望着窗外，又望着机场，我知道母亲站在黑色玻璃窗后面的某个地方，穿着冬衣，向我招手。A. pulled in停下；B. pulled up停车；C. pulled away离开，拉开；D. pulled ver靠边停车。根据后文“frm its gate that day”指飞机离开登机口，应用pull away。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我记得所有细节。A. details细节；B. accunts账户；C. descriptins描述；D. instructins指示。根据后文作者描述了飞机起飞的过程，可知指作者记得所有细节。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我记得喷气发动机轰鸣，震耳欲聋。A. arguably按理；B. shckingly惊人地；C. thrughly彻底地；D. ultimately最后。根据后文lud以及常识，发动机声音震耳欲聋。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我们在跑道上嘎嘎作响，开始向上倾斜，因为加速度抓住了我的胸膛，把我向后推到座位上，在那奇怪的、中间的时刻到来之前，我终于感到被举起来了。A. wind风；B. nises噪音；C. scare恐惧；D. acceleratin加速。根据后文“and pressed me backward int my seat”可知，飞机开始加速，作者被推到座位上，故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们在跑道上嘎嘎作响，开始向上倾斜，因为加速度抓住了我的胸膛，把我向后推到座位上，在那奇怪的、中间的时刻到来之前，我终于感到被举起来了。A. lifted举起；B. remved去除；C. sped加速；D. split分裂。根据上文“finally I feel”可知，飞机起飞了，作者感到被举起来了。故选A。
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Zhang Guimei, wh has dedicated her 40 years t educatin at China’s suthwestern brder, ___36___(be) a “mther” fr mre than 170 children and a principal mtivating yung girls frm impverished families in ___37___(muntain) areas.
Teaching at a middle schl in Huaping cunty, she saw many girls drp ___38___ f schl due t pverty. It saddened her very much and made her realize that an educated female is able t cut the intergeneratinal ___39___(transmit) f pverty and change the future f three generatins. In 2002, Zhang started her preparatin t build a free all-girls high schl, in hpe f changing the destiny f the girls in the muntain ___40___ lifting them ut f pverty.
In 2007, Zhang went t Beijing fr the 17th Cmmunist Party f China (CPC) Natinal Cngress as a deputy. Her reprt, ___41___ title was “I have a dream” made her dream f building a free all-girls high schl knwn t all. Later, bth the Lijiang and Huaping gvernments ___42___( spnsr) her with a millin yuan, Zhang ‘s schl was cmpleted, becming the first free all-girls high schl in China.
The schl, ___43___(bear) t fight against pverty, is a shelter fr a number f girls in that area. During the past 13 years, the schl has nurtured ver 1, 800 students wh have made it ___44___ universities.
Zhang suffers frm 23 diseases, including heart disease and emphysema, but she is still wrking selflessly. She gets up at 5:00 am and is always the first ne amng all the stuff ___45___(arrive) at schl. She als checks hw the classes are ging three times a day. Zhang has made ver 1 , 600 family visits annually fr the past 12 years, cvering a ttal distance f 110,000 kilmeters.
【答案】36. is 37. muntainus
38. ut 39. transmissin
40. and 41. whse
42. having spnsred
43. brn##brne
44. t 45. t arrive
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了张桂梅致力于中国西南偏远地区的女子教育的感人事迹。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：张桂梅在中国西南边境为教育事业奉献了40年，她是170多名儿童的“母亲”，也是一名激励山区贫困家庭年轻女孩的校长。分析句子结构可知，本句是wh引导的非限制性定语从句，be动词作主句谓语，描述客观状态，用一般现在时，主语是Zhang Guimei为第三人称单数。故填is。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：张桂梅在中国西南边境为教育事业奉献了40年，她是170多名儿童的“母亲”，也是一名激励山区贫困家庭年轻女孩的校长。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，muntain的形容词形式是muntainus意为“多山的”。故填muntainus。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：在华平县的一所中学教书时，她看到许多女孩因贫困而辍学。此处是固定搭配：drp ut意为“辍学”。故填ut。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：这让她非常伤心，也让她意识到，一个受过教育的女性可以切断贫困的代际传递，改变三代人的未来。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，transmit的名词形式是transmissin。故填transmissin。
【40题详解】
考查连词。句意：2002年，张开始筹备建立一所免费的女子高中，希望改变山区女孩的命运，让她们摆脱贫困。根据句意可知“changing the destiny f the girls in the muntain”和“lifting them ut f pverty”是并列关系，用and连接。故填and。
【41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：她的报告题目是“我有一个梦想”，她的梦想是建立一所免费的女子高中。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Her reprt，在从句中作定语修饰title，用whse引导。故填whse。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，丽江省政府和华坪省政府都出资100万元资助她，她的学校建成了，成为中国第一所免费的女子高中。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词was cmpleted，所以spnsr用非谓语形式，此处是独立主格结构，和逻辑主语Lijiang and Huaping gvernments之间是主动关系，spnsr动作发生在学校建成之前，用现在完成时。故填having spnsred。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这所学校是为消除贫困而设立的，是该地区一些女孩的庇护所。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词is，所以bear用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语schl之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填brn或者brne。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：在过去的13年里，学校培养了1800多名进入大学的学生。此处是固定搭配：make it t sth.意为“成功进入...”。故填t。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：她早上5点起床，总是第一个到学校。此处是固定句型：主语+be+序数词+名词+t d意为“第几做某事”，不定式作后置定语。故填t arrive。
第四部分写作 （共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
46. 假如你是李华，你在口语课上回答错误，引得全班哄堂大笑。外教Julia及时救场，你想写封信表达你的感谢。内容包括：
1. 当时的情况；
2. 外教的做法；
3. 你的感受。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Julia,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】参考范文
Dear Julia,
I hpe this letter finds yu well. I am writing t express my heartfelt gratitude fr yur timely interventin during the ral class yesterday.
When I answered incrrectly, the whle class burst int laughter. Embarrassed and ashamed, I felt my face turn red. Hwever, yu quickly stepped in and yur wrds f affirmatin and inspiratin turned the awkward mment int ne filled with encuragement. With a gentle tne and understanding smile, yu put me at ease and gave me the cnfidence t try again.
Yur actins nt nly shwed me great supprt, but als made me feel respected and valued. Yur kindness and encuragement have given me the push t keep trying and never give up. I am truly grateful fr everything that yu have dne fr me.
Thank yu fr being such a great teacher!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇是应用文写作。你在口语课上回答错误，引得全班哄堂大笑。外教Julia及时救场，要求考生写封信表达你的感谢。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
表达：express→shw
不正确地：incrrectly→mistakenly
激励：encuragement→inspiratin
感激的：grateful→appreciative
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：With a gentle tne and understanding smile, yu put me at ease and gave me the cnfidence t try again.
拓展句：With a gentle tne and understanding smile, yu put me at ease, which gave me the cnfidence t try again.
【点睛】[高分句型1]When I answered incrrectly, the whle class burst int laughter.(when引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2]I am truly grateful fr everything that yu have dne fr me.(that引导的定语从句)
第二节 （满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My dad desn’t write me letters. And he desn’t always remember my birthday r wedding anniversary -- r even hw ld I am smetimes.
But I nly need t lk arund me t be reminded f his lve. He restred a 100-year-ld rcking chair after I tld him hw much I wanted ne. When I mved int my first apartment, he spent his weekends in a small space replacing pipes. And when I lst a blue stne frm a favrite necklace, he wrked his magic with cmmn stuff
The fur greatest wrds I knw are “Dad will build it”.
I culd never frget when I was seven, ne day we walked by a ty stre windw. There in the crner was the mst unusual dll huse had ever seen. It was shaped like an upturned lg. Little val windws were cut int it decrated with white curtains and framed by tiny balcnies.
“Oh, Daddy,” I said, “isn’t it beautiful? D yu think Santa Clause will bring it t me?”
Dad lked at the $100 price tag -- t high a figure in thse days. “I think even Santa culdn't affrd this huse,” he jked, hiking up his belt, as he ften des when he’s nervus. “Maybe ne day, sweetheart, ”Dad prbably hped I’d frget abut the dll huse, but I kept talking abut it.
On Christmas mrning, I awke early and raced dwnstairs. In the faint light, I made ut sme wrapped bxes under the tree-- but nne large enugh t cntain my dll huse.
Dad culd see my disappintment.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Fur mnths later, a beautiful dll huse was in frnt f me.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Para1:
Dad culd see my disappintment. My tears welling up in eyes, he pulled me nt his lap and gently assured me, “Dad will build it.” As prmised, he gt dwn t preparing all the materials right after Christmas. Night after night, Dad wuld cme hme frm his jb dead tired, yet he’d always find time t wrk n the dll huse. S eager was I that I ften std nearby, ccasinally giving a helping hand under his instructins. Gradually, my dll huse began t take shape.
Para2:
Fur mnths later, a beautiful dll huse was in frnt f me. With the shape like an upturned lg, it lked exactly the same as the ne in the ty stre—little val windws, white curtains and even the tiny balcnies. But t me, n dll huse in the wrld was better than the ne Dad made just fr me with his tw hands. It was he wh brught my dream t life! Screaming with excitement and gratitude, I threw myself at him, “Thank yu, Dad.” He smiled, patting me gently n the head with his rugh hands. I always knw “Dad will build it.” is his Fatherlish t say “I lve yu.”
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了“我”小时候喜欢上商场里的娃娃屋，爸爸亲手制作，送给“我”做礼物的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“爸爸能看出我的失望。”可知，第一段可描写爸爸为了不让我失望，答应我帮我制作娃娃屋。
②由第二段首句内容“四个月后，一个漂亮的娃娃屋出现在我面前。”可知，第二段可描写我看到爸爸为我所制的娃娃屋时，我非常高兴，再一次感受到了父亲对我的爱。
2.续写线索：
喜欢娃娃屋——期待圣诞礼物——失望——爸爸制作——兴奋感激
3.词汇激活
行为类
①. 涌出：well up/rll dwn
②.帮助：help/give a helping hand
③.尖叫：scream/shut/yell
情绪类
①.渴望的：eager/greedy/desperate
②.兴奋：excitement /thrill
③感激：gratitude/appreciatin
【点睛】[高分句型1].My tears welling up in eyes, he pulled me nt his lap and gently assured me, “Dad will build it.”（句中使用了独立主格作状语）
[高分句型2].S eager was I that I ften std nearby, ccasinally giving a helping hand under his instructins.（句中使用了部分倒装）