2024年上海市16区中考二模英语分类汇编 专题14 选词填空（解析版）

这是一份2024年上海市16区中考二模英语分类汇编 专题14 选词填空（解析版），共27页。试卷主要包含了选词填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。

2024·上海杨浦·二模 2024·上海奉贤·二模
2024·上海浦东·二模 2024·上海青浦·二模
2024·上海黄浦·二模 2024·上海闵行·二模
2024·上海普陀·二模 2024·上海金山·二模
2024·上海徐汇·二模 2024·上海静安·二模
2024·上海松江·二模 2024·上海长宁·二模
2024·上海嘉定·二模 2024·上海崇明·二模
2024·上海虹口·二模 2024·上海宝山·二模
一、选词填空
（2024·上海杨浦·二模）Chse the prper wrds t cmplete the fllwing passage. Each can be used nly nce (选择最恰当的选项填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次)
The unknwn carers
Brun is 14 years ld and lks after his mther. He has t d the husewrk, give his mther her medicine and 1 her when she feels sad. He des all this befre and after schl, smetimes waking up at 5:30 am r ging t bed very late because he als has t d his hmewrk.
Brun is just ne f abut 700, 000 yung carers in the UK. That means arund ne in five yung peple is a carer. They lk after smene because they are ill r 2 t mve easily. Their 3 rutine was made up f jbs arund the huse like ding the washing up, cleaning the 4 and putting n the washing. They als help their relative gt ut f bed, and perhaps help them wash and get dressed. Smetimes, they have t stay at hme t take care f their relative, which means they can’t always g t schl.
These yung peple take care f smene because they lve them and they believe it’s their 5 . Hwever, it isn’t always gd fr them. Althugh it’s true that they learn a lt f useful things that ther children f their age ften dn’t knw, they als miss ut n a lt f pprtunities. Their study ften suffers because they miss schldays r dn’t have time t study.
Brun’s schl has frmed a 6 grup t help yung carers. The schl knws wh the carers are s they can help them when they dn’t have time t study r dn’t cme t schl.
Unfrtunately, nt all schls 7 this kind f help, and mst schls and lcal gvernments dn’t knw which students are yung carers. If a child becmes a carer when they are yung, they see it as smething 8 . They dn’t tell anyne.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．E 6．C 7．A 8．D
【导语】本文介绍14岁的布鲁诺照顾妈妈的故事。像他这样的年轻的家庭护理员在英国很普遍，学校针对他们的这种情况也出台了处理方式。
1．句意：他必须做家务，给母亲喂药，并在她伤心时鼓励她。根据“He has t d the husewrk, give his mther her medicine and…her when she feels sad.”和备选词汇可知，难过的时候鼓励她。encurages意为“鼓励”，符合语境。故选D。
2．句意：他们照顾生病或行动不便的人。根据“They lk after smene because they are ill r…t mve easily.”和备选词汇可知，照顾生病或行动不便的人。unable意为“不能的”，符合语境。故选A。
3．句意：他们的日常生活就是做一些家务活，比如洗碗、打扫浴室和穿衣服。根据“like ding the washing up, cleaning the…and putting n the washing.”和备选词汇可知，这些是日常生活，daily意为“日常的”，符合语境。故选B。
4．句意：他们的日常生活就是做一些家务活，比如洗碗、打扫浴室和穿衣服。根据“like ding the washing up, cleaning the…and putting n the washing.”和备选词汇可知，指打扫浴室。bathrm意为“浴室”，符合语境。故选C。
5．句意：这些年轻人照顾别人是因为他们爱他们，他们相信这是他们的责任。根据“These yung peple take care f smene because they lve them and they believe it’s their”以及结合备选词汇可知是指他们相信这是他们的责任。respnsibility“责任”，故选E。
6．句意：布鲁诺的学校已经成立了一个支持小组来帮助年轻的家庭护理员。根据“Brun’s schl has frmed a…grup t help yung carers.”以及结合备选词汇可知是指成立了一个支持小组来帮助年轻的家庭护理员。supprt“支持”，故选C。
7．句意：不幸的是，并不是所有的学校都提供这种帮助，而且大多数学校和地方政府不知道哪些学生是年轻的家庭护理员。根据“nt all schls…this kind f help”以及结合备选词汇可知是指并不是所有的学校都提供这种帮助，ffer“提供”，故选A。
8．句意：如果一个孩子在很小的时候就成了家庭护理员，他们会认为这是很平常的事情。根据“If a child becmes a carer when they are yung, they see it as smething”以及结合备选词汇可知是指他们会认为这是很平常的事情。usual“寻常的”，故选D。
（2024·上海浦东新·二模）Chse the prper wrds in the bx t cmplete the fllwing passage. Each can be used nly nce (选择最恰当的选项填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。)
A bat and a ball cst $1.10 in ttal. The bat csts $1.00 mre than the ball. Hw much des the ball cst?
If yu answer 10 cents, yu’re nt the nly ne. Mst peple give the same answer while the 9 answer is 5 cents. This example shws that peple 10 give answers that cme t them withut a secnd thught.
In real life, the bat and ball questin als 11 why we ften believe in fake news (虚假新闻). In ne experiment, researchers invented a discvery called “helium rain” (氦雨). They tld a grup f vlunteers abut it, but admitted they culd nt ffer 12 infrmatin. They then asked the vlunteers t rate (评级) their understanding f “helium rain”. The result met peple’s expectatins: mst vlunteers rated themselves 1 ut f 7, admitting they did nt understand the idea at all.
【答案】9．D 10．A 11．E 12．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了人们总是会盲目地相信一些虚假新闻。
9．句意：大多数人给出了相同的答案，而正确答案是5美分。结合选项和空后的answer可知，空格处应填形容词crrect“正确的”，用于修饰名词answer。故选D。
10．句意：这个例子表明，人们通常会不假思索地给出答案。结合选项和空后的give可知，空格处应填副词usually“通常”，用于修饰动词give。故选A。
11．句意：在现实生活中，这个球棒和球的问题也解释了为什么我们经常相信虚假新闻。分析“In real life, the bat and ball questin we ften believe in fake news (虚假新闻).”可知，本句是一个主从复合句，空格处是主句的谓语动词，结合选项，动词explains“解释”符合语境。故选E。
12．句意：他们将此事告诉了一群志愿者，但承认他们无法提供更多信息。结合选项和空后的infrmatin可知，空格处应填形容词further“更多的，进一步的”，用于修饰名词infrmatin。故选B。
（2024·上海浦东新·二模）Chse the prper wrds in the bx t cmplete the fllwing passage. Each can be used nly nce(选择最恰当的选项填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次)
Hwever, in anther experiment, the researchers tld the vlunteers the same thing, 13 the idea the scientists mentined abve. In this case, vlunteers gave an average answer f 3. It seemed the scientists’cnfidence successfully 14 the vlunteers.
S, in a wrld where misleading infrmatin is cmmn, it turns ut t be imprtant t 15 peple t check the facts befre frming pinins. Next time, when reading smething 16 n yur scial media, take time t think twice. Maybe yu can find sme mistakes hidden between lines.
【答案】13．A 14．E 15．D 16．C
【导语】本文主要讲述了当我们在社交媒体上看到令人惊讶的消息时，要三思。
13．句意：然而，在另一个实验中，研究人员告诉志愿者同样的事情，除了科学家上面提到的想法。结合选项和“Hwever, in anther experiment, the researchers tld the vlunteers the same idea the scientists mentined abve.”可知，此处表示研究人员没有把科学家上面提到的想法告诉志愿者，所以空格处应填介词except“除了”。故选A。
14．句意：似乎科学家的自信成功地影响了志愿者。分析“It seemed the scientists’cnfidence vlunteers.”可知，这是一个主从复合句，空格处是从句的谓语动词，主句的时态是一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态，结合选项可知，动词过去式affected“影响”符合语境。故选E。
15．句意：因此，在一个误导性信息普遍存在的世界里，训练人们在形成观点之前检查事实是很重要的。空前的t是动词不定式符号，其后接动词原形，结合选项可知，动词train“训练”符合语境。故选D。
16．句意：下次，当你在社交媒体上读到一些令人惊叹的东西时，花点时间三思。分析“when reading yur scial media”可知，空格处是smething的修饰成分，结合选项可知，形容词amazing“令人惊叹的”符合语境。故选C。
（2024·上海黄浦·二模）将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。
Yur friends are the peple yu chse t spend time with. Yu may g t clubs with friends at schl r hang ut with friends wh live 17 after schl. Yu may see them every day r never meet in persn, but keep in 18 with them nline. It desn’t matter hw many friends yu have. What’s imprtant is that yu and yur friends respect and care abut each ther and enjy spending time tgether. If a friend’s behavir is making yu uncmfrtable, Maria Evans says it’s kay t 19 it. “Being a supprtive friend means yu’re glad t talk t them abut the behavir yu think is wrng. It might be difficult but yur pinins culd have a 20 influence n them.”
Very ften, gd friends share cmmn interests, like a favrite sng r sprt. Hwever, yur friends may take 21 in different things t. Evans explains that yu dn’t have t agree n everything. “It desn’t cause any harm r 22 t that friendship. Remember that yur friend might have different pinins.” A gd friend encurages their mates t be themselves and lves them fr wh they are. Evans says,“Accepting differences help 23 a strng relatinship.” If a friend is having a difficult time, let him knw yu’re there t supprt him. That culd be by encuraging r listening t them. Giving 24 t the fun activities yu d will make yur friend feel valued and yur time tgether mre enjyable. Plus, yu will have treasured memries.
【答案】17．B 18．E 19．D 20．A 21．E 22．C 23．A 24．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了朋友是和你一起度过时光，分享共同爱好的人。
17．句意：你可以和学校的朋友去俱乐部，或者放学后和住在附近的朋友出去玩。根据“hang ut with friends wh live”及备选词可知，此处是指和住在附近的朋友一起出去玩，nearby “在附近” 符合语境。故选B。
18．句意：你可能每天都能见到他们，也可能从未见过他们本人，但你可以在网上和他们保持联系。keep in tuch with sb“和某人保持联系”，固定短语。故选E。
19．句意：如果一个朋友的行为让你不舒服，玛丽亚·埃文斯说，质疑是可以的。根据“If a friend’s behavir is making yu uncmfrtable,”可知，朋友的行为让你不舒服，可以质疑它，questin“质疑”符合语境。故选D。
20．句意：这可能很难，但你的意见可能会对他们产生积极的影响。根据“have a ... influence n them.”及备选词可知，是指对他们产生积极的影响，psitive“积极的” 符合语境。故选A。
21．句意：然而，你的朋友们也可能从不同的事情中获得快乐。根据“gd friends share cmmn interests”及Hwever表示转折可知，此处指也可能从不同的事情里获得快乐，名词pleasure“快乐” 符合语境。故选E。
22．句意：这不会对这段友谊造成任何伤害或破坏。根据“harm r”可知，此处是与harm并列的词语，damage“损坏”，作名词，符合语境。故选C。
23．句意：接受差异有助于建立牢固的关系。根据“a strng relatinship”可知，此处是建立牢固的关系，build “建立”，help d sth. “帮助做某事”。故选A。
24．句意：考虑你做的有趣的活动会让你的朋友感到被重视，你们在一起的时间更愉快。give thught t“考虑”。故选B。
（2024·上海普陀·二模）Cmplete the fllwing passages with the wrds in the bx. Each can nly be used nce. (将下列单词填入空格。每空限填一词，每词只能填一次)
Technlgy and envirnmental prtectin are clsely linked. With technlgy, we can 25 changes in ur envirnment. This helps us understand the influence f what humans d t nature. Paying attentin t this relatinship is 26 fr Earth’s future. Tday, we have many tls 27 t help us. We can use these tls t find better ways t prtect the envirnment. Nwadays, we use satellites (卫星) t research pllutin levels and decide where t 28 ur cleaning effrts. It’s imprtant t keep using technlgy t help the envirnment. By ding s, we can ensure a healthier planet fr everyne.
【答案】25．E 26．B 27．C 28．D
【导语】本文讲述了利用技术，保护环境。
25．句意：有了技术，我们可以观察到环境的变化。根据“changes in ur envirnment”以及结合备选词汇，可知是指观察到环境的变化。bserve“观察”，故选E。
26．句意：关注这种关系对地球的未来是有价值的。根据“Paying attentin t this relatinship is…fr Earth’s future.”以及结合备选词汇，可知是指对地球的未来是有价值的。valuable“有价值的”，故选B。
27．句意：今天，我们有许多工具可以帮助我们。根据“Tday, we have many tls…t help us.”可知是指可获得许多工具帮助我们。available“可获得的”，故选C。
28．句意：如今，我们使用卫星来研究污染水平，并决定将清洁工作的重点放在哪里。根据“we use satellites (卫星) t research pllutin levels and decide where t…ur cleaning effrts.”可知是指将清洁工作的重点放在哪里。fcus“聚焦”，故选D。
（2024·上海普陀·二模）Cmplete the fllwing passages with the wrds in the bx. Each can nly be used nce（将下列单词填入空格。每空限填一词，每词只能填一次）
Many peple like watching different mvies like actin mvies and adventures. Adventure mvies are ften abut 29 ging n exciting jurneys t faraway places r unknwn lands. In the making f an adventure mvie, the 30 plays an imprtant rle. He plans the stry, chses the lcatins, and guides the actrs. He wrks 31 r smetimes wrks with a team t create exciting scenes. When yu watch an adventure mvie, yu will see peple traveling 32 n dangerus muntain rads and facing challenges. These films teach us abut strng will and teamwrk.
【答案】29．A 30．C 31．B 32．D
【导语】本文介绍了冒险电影。
29．句意：冒险电影通常是关于探险家去遥远的地方或未知的土地进行激动人心的旅行。根据“ging n exciting jurneys t faraway places r unknwn lands. ”可知此处指探险电影中的探险者，A选项表示“探险家”。故选A。
30．句意：在冒险电影的制作中，导演起着重要的作用。the后接名词，directr表示“导演”。故选C。
31．句意：他独自工作，有时与团队合作，创造令人兴奋的场景。此空为副词修饰动词，根据“smetimes wrks with a team t create exciting scenes.”可知此处指独自工作，与后面的团队工作呼应，alne表示“独自”。故选B。
32．句意：当你看冒险电影时，你会看到人们勇敢地在危险的山路上旅行，面对挑战。此空为副词修饰动词，bravely表示“勇敢地”。故选D。
（2024·上海徐汇·二模）
When theatre nurse Claire learned that packs f unused medical things were being thrwn ut, she decided t 33 . The medical things were clean and unused, but they can’t be recycled r 34 in Australian hspitals. It is the rules in Australia.
These medical things were ging t landfill, and this led Claire and her partner t create the nt-fr-prfit rganizatin Save Our Supplies. The charity cllects clean, unused medical supplies and then gives them ut where they are needed. Even thugh they have passed their 35 fr use, “They are still perfectly clean and can be used in a lt f ther cases,” Claire said.
Vlunteers cllect, srt, pack and 36 the supplies t where they are needed. S far they have helped wildlife and hmeless charities, universities, and have been sent t sme African cuntries.
【答案】33．D 34．A 35．C 36．E
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了手术室护士决定采取行动去让医疗用品能够再被使用到其他地方，志愿者收集、分类、包装并运送物资到需要的地方。
33．句意：当手术室护士克莱尔得知一包包不用的医疗用品被扔掉时，她决定采取行动。根据“When theatre nurse Claire learned that packs f unused medical things were being thrwn ut”结合备选选项可知，此处应该表达她决定采取行动，take actin，动词短语，意为“采取行动”符合语境。故选D。
34．句意：医疗用品很干净，没有用过，但是在澳大利亚的医院里，它们不能被回收或再利用。根据“The medical things were clean and unused, but they can’t be recycled r…”结合备选选项可知，此处应该填入reused，reuse的过去分词，表被动，意为“再利用”符合语境。故选A。
35．句意：克莱尔说，即使它们已经过了使用日期，“它们仍然非常干净，可以用于很多其他情况。”根据“ ‘They are still perfectly clean and can be used in a lt f ther cases,’ Claire said.”结合备选选项可知，此处应该表达即使它们已经过了使用日期，date“日期”，名词。故选C。
36．句意：志愿者收集、分类、包装并运送物资到需要的地方。根据“the supplies t where they are needed.”结合备选选项可知，此处应该指的是运送物资到需要的地方，deliver“运送”，动词，作谓语。故选E。
（2024·上海徐汇·二模）
Arund the wrld, birthday traditin is nt always abut cakes and candles. In Britain, birthday parties are very ppular. When children are 37 , there is always a game f “pass the parcel”. Here are the rules: a birthday gift has been wrapped many times and it is passed in a 38 frm child t child until the music stps. When that happens, whever is hlding the parcel pens a layer and cmpletes whatever request is written n the piece f paper inside. Fr example, “ 39 yur best dance mve”, “express yur feeling abut the birthday kid”. The child wh reaches the 40 layer f the parcel, which is usually sweets r a ty, gets t keep the gift. Older British peple turning 100 receive their wn special gift: the Ryal Family sends them a letter f cngratulatins.
【答案】37．C 38．B 39．E 40．A
【导语】本文主要介绍英国的生日派对。
37．句意：当孩子们在场的时候，总是有一个“传递包裹”的游戏。根据“When children are..., there is always a game f “pass the parcel”.”可知，当孩子们在场的时候会玩一个游戏，present“在场的”符合语境，在句中作表语，故选C。
38．句意：规则是这样的：一份生日礼物要包装好多次，然后在孩子之间传一圈，直到音乐停止。根据“it is passed in child t child until the music stps”可知，礼物在孩子之间传一圈，circle“圈”符合语境，故选B。
39．句意：例如，“展示你最好的舞步”，“表达你对寿星的感受”。根据“... yur best dance mve”和备选词可知，展示你最好的舞步，shw ff“展示”符合语境，故选E。
40．句意：到达最后一层包裹的孩子，通常是糖果或玩具，可以保留礼物。根据“The child wh reaches f the parcel”和前文可知，礼物被包裹了很多层，到达最后一层的可以得到礼物，final“最后的”符合语境，故选A。
（2024·上海松江·二模）将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。
● Earthwrms are ding their part
D yu knw that earthwrms (蚯蚓) help t make healthy sil? Many scientists think they play a 41 rle in grwing ur fd. New research has fund that the animals help grw 65% f the wrld’s rice. They make themselves ne f the wrld’s greatest rice 42 .
Hw d the earthwrms have the 43 n sil? Wrms make sil healthier by eating dead plants. As they eat the plants, they make smething ther plants need in rder t grw. Wrms als help sil keep water, and their mvements 44 tunnels that help plants grw rts.
Hwever, sme scientists believe ther living things in the sil can als d the similar things as the earthwrms. They think mre research is needed.
● Wild elephants can slve puzzles
Recently scientists have fund that wild elephants can slve puzzles with n training after the elephants in zs were seen 45 slving prblems.
Researchers at a wildlife area in Thailand set up puzzle bxes with three cmpartments (间隔). Each cmpartment was filled with jackfruit and pened in a 46 way. By using cameras, the scientists watched 77 Asian elephants t see what they wuld d. By the end f the 47 , they fund that 11 elephants were able t get the fruit frm ne cmpartment, eight gt int tw cmpartments, and five slved all three puzzles t get the treats.
Elephants that returned t try the bxes several times had the mst success. Researchers say the ability t slve prblems can help the animals 48 in changing envirnments. And understanding hw they d this culd help scientists prtect them in a better way.
【答案】41．D 42．E 43．C 44．A 45．D 46．A 47．B 48．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蚯蚓有助于土壤健康的原因。
41．句意：许多科学家认为它们在我们的食物生长中起着重要作用。结合“play a … rle”和备选词汇可知，此处是指起着重要作用，应用形容词majr“重要的”修饰名词rle，在句中作定语。故选D。
42．句意：蚯蚓使它们自己成为世界上最大的水稻生产者之一。结合“ne f the wrld’s greatest rice…”和备选词汇可知，此处考查“ne f the+形容词最高级+名词复数”，因此这里应用名词复数prducers“生产者”。故选E。
43．句意：蚯蚓对土壤有什么影响？结合“have the … n”和下文“Wrms make sil healthier by eating dead plants.”以及备选词汇可知，此处是指对土壤的影响，应用名词effect“影响”作宾语。故选C。
44．句意：蚯蚓还有助于土壤保持水分，它们的运动创造了帮助植物生根的通道。结合“their mvements … tunnels that help plants grw rts”和备选词汇可知，此处是指创造帮助植物生根的通道，create“创造”，动词，在句中作谓语。故选A。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个有趣的实验，结果证明了野生大象可以解决一些难题。
45．句意：最近，科学家们发现野生大象可以在没有训练的情况下解决难题，因为动物园里的大象成功地解决了问题。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词successfully“成功地”修饰动词slving，在句中作状语。故选D。
46．句意：每个隔间都装满了菠萝蜜，并以不同的方式打开。结合“in a … way”和备选词汇可知，此处是指以不同的方式，应用形容词different“不同的”修饰名词way，在句中作定语。故选A。
47．句意：在实验结束时，他们发现11头大象能够从一个隔间里得到水果，8头大象进入两个隔间，5头大象解决了所有三个谜题来获得食物。根据“By the end f the…”可知，此处应用名词experiment“实验”，组成介词短语by the end f the experiment。故选B。
48．句意：研究人员表示，解决问题的能力可以帮助动物在不断变化的环境中生存。结合“help the animals … in changing envirnments”和备选词汇可知，此处是指帮助动物在不断变化的环境中活下来；survive“生存；存活”，动词；此处考查help sb. d sth.“帮助某人做某事”，应用动词原形。故选E。
（2024·上海嘉定·二模）Cmplete the fllwing passage with the wrds r phrases in the bx. Each can be used nly nce (将下列单词或词组填入空格，每空限填一词，每词只能填一次)
Frm the hunters and gatherers f ancient times t tday’s pilts and farmers, predicting the weather can make the difference between success and failure. Humans have lng tried t predict the weather 49 . Weather frecasts als save lives. They help sailrs stay safe at sea, and help fficials 50 peple abut strms. Nwadays, the methds are very high-tech but in the past peple studied birds, cws and insects fr clues as t what might happen.
In 650 BC the Babylnians (巴比伦人) tried t predict the weather based n the 51 f cluds and ther things such as hals (光晕). By 300 BC in China, a calendar had been develped that divided the year int 24 festivals, each festival cnnected with a type f weather. This was useful fr farmers t 52 when t plant seeds and harvest their crps.
Peple have used a lt f ways t predict the weather ver the years. Sme studied the smke frm their fire r mist (薄雾) n 53 hills. Bth f them culd 54 the weather. The smke wuld shw wind directin and the mist wuld shw hw much water vapur was in the air.
On the ther hand, sme thught that 55 sheep huddled (蜷缩) tgether r cats grmed (理毛) themselves carefully, it meant rain. The science f weather frecasting really tk ff in the 1830s with the 56 f the telegraph. This is a device that can send messages by wire ver lng distances, and it meant peple culd send each ther weather data.
【答案】49．C 50．B 51．A 52．D 53．C 54．E 55．B 56．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了天气预报的作用及古往今来人们预测天气的方法。
49．句意：长期以来，人类一直试图准确地预测天气。空格处应填一个副词修饰动词“predict”，结合“Humans have lng tried t predict the weather”及备选词汇可知，此处是指准确地预测天气，accurately“准确地”。故选C。
50．句意：他们帮助水手在海上保持安全，并帮助官员在风暴中拯救人们。根据前文“Weather frecasts als save lives.”可知，此处是指拯救人们，save“拯救”。故选B。
51．句意：公元前650年，巴比伦人试图根据云和光环等其他事物的出现来预测天气。根据空后“f cluds and ther things such as hals (光晕)”及备选词汇可知，此处是指根据云和和光环等其他事物的出现来预测天气，appearance“出现”。故选A。
52．句意：这对农民计划何时播种和收获庄稼很有用。根据下文“when t plant seeds and harvest their crps”可知，此处是指计划何时播种和收获庄稼，plan“计划”。故选D。
53．句意：一些人研究它们的火产生的烟或附近山上的雾。根据空后名词“hills”可知，空格处应填一个形容词作定语，结合语境及备选词汇可知，此处是指附近的山，nearby“附近的”。故选C。
54．句意：两者都可能影响天气。根据空前情态动词“culd”可知，此处应用动词原形，结合前文“Sme studied the smke frm their fire r mist (薄雾) n ... hills.”及备选词汇可知，此处是指烟和雾都可能影响天气，affect“影响”。故选E。
55．句意：另一方面，有些人认为，如果羊挤在一起，或者猫仔细梳理自己，这意味着下雨。空格处引导宾语从句，根据“sheep huddled (蜷缩) tgether r cats grmed (理毛) themselves carefully, it meant rain.”及备选词汇可知，此处应用if引导条件状语从句，if“如果”。故选B。
56．句意：天气预报科学在19世纪30年代随着电报的发明而真正腾飞。根据空后“f the telegraph”及备选词汇可知，此处是指电报的发明，inventin“发明”。故选A。
（2024·上海虹口·二模）将下列单词填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。
Many peple tday feel that relatinships between members f the same family are nt as clse as they were a few years ag. Changes in ur wrking lives and the develpment f technlgy have certainly 57 hw families cmmunicate. I wuld argue that families generally 58 as clse as they ever were.
Nw parents are finding a greater wrk and life 59 in their wrking hurs. This means that even in a family where bth parents wrk, they are ften able t make sure that at least ne parent is 60 t take their children t after-schl activities r t attend shws and cncerts at the schl. A better management f wrk and life als enables families t spend mre quality time tgether.
【答案】57．B 58．C 59．A 60．E
【导语】本文是关于作者认为家庭成员之间和以前一样亲密，人们能够更好地管理工作和生活了。
57．句意：我们工作生活的变化和技术的发展无疑影响了家庭沟通的方式。根据上下文可知，这里指工作生活的变化和技术的发展“影响”了家人的沟通方式；influenced影响，符合题意。故选B。
58．句意：我想说的是，家庭通常还是和以前一样亲密。空格处缺少谓语动词，结合前后文可推断，指家庭关系“一直”和以前一样亲密； remain保持、一直，符合题意。故选C。
59．句意：现在父母们在工作时间里找到了更好的工作和生活平衡。分析句子可知，空格处缺少一个名词作宾语；结合语境可知这里指找到工作和生活的“平衡”；balance平衡，名词，符合题意。故选A。
60．句意：这意味着，即使在父母双方都工作的家庭中，他们通常也能够确保至少有一方可以带孩子参加课外活动或参加学校的演出和音乐会。在be动词后应填形容词作表语，结合语境可知这里指至少一位家长“有空”带孩子；available有空的，形容词，符合题意。故选E。
（2024·上海虹口·二模）将下列单词填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。
It is accepted that the time needed t 61 a huse has been als reduced ver the last few years as mre and mre machines have been invented. A(n) 62 f this is the washing machine. With it, parents spend mre time with their children instead f washing clthes.
I believe that family members d cmmunicate with each ther mre than they may have dne in the past. Ging nline can be seen as a 63 way f bringing families tgether. In the past, family members living apart wuld have t write letters and ften wait a lng time fr a(n) 64 , while nwadays there are many mre ways t keep in tuch, such as scial media and vide calls.
【答案】61．C 62．A 63．E 64．B
【导语】本文讲述了现代科技发展使人们有更多时间、更便捷地联系感情了。
61．句意：人们普遍认为，在过去的几年里，随着越来越多的机器被发明出来，经营一个房子所需的时间也减少了。在动词不定式t后需填入一个动词原形；结合句意可知这里指“经营、管理”房子的时间减少了。run有“经营、管理”之意。故选C。
62．句意：洗衣机就是这样的一个例子。由下文可知这里在以洗衣机为例，说明管理房子需要的时间减少。example例子，符合题意。故选A。
63．句意：上网可以被看作是让家人团聚的一种现代方式。由下句“In the past, family members living apart wuld have t write letters...”可知相比过去，上网是一种“现代的”交流方式。mdern现代的，符合题意。故选E。
64．句意：在过去，分居的家庭成员必须写信，而且往往要等很长时间才能得到回复。根据常识可知，写信之后是等待对方的“回信、回复”；reply回复，符合题意。故选B。
（2024·上海奉贤·二模）Chse the prper wrds in the bx t cmplete the fllwing passage. Each can be used nly nce (选择最恰当的选项填入空格。)
Ancient Chinese math tys shw timeless wisdm
As a cuntry strng in math, China has many flk games filled with math wisdm (智慧). Yu may have played many f them befre. Let’s take a lk at fur f them.
Chinese nine linked rings puzzle (九连环)
The nine linked rings puzzle, als called the Chinese ring puzzle, is usually made up f nine rings cnnected t a handle (手柄). Players have t remve all the rings frm the handle t 65 the game. An early recrd f this type f puzzle can be fund in Strategies f the Warring States (《战国策》) frm the WesternHan Dynasty (206BC-AD24). This is nt a 66 game. Fr example, if yu want t remve the ninth ring, yu have t remve the third, fifth, and seventh nes first. If yu start frm the eighth, yu wn’t be able t d it.
Tangram (七巧板)
First ppular in the Ming and Qing dynasties, the tangram is a puzzle made up f seven pieces f different shapes, 67 triangles (三角形), squares and parallelgrams (平行四边形). Fr each puzzle, players need t use all the pieces t make a shape. T d it, they have t knw abut gemetry (几何学). In the 18th century, the tangram was 68 t the West and sn became ppular there.
Luban lck (鲁班锁)
The Luban lck was first created by Chinese carpenter (木匠) Lu Ban 2,000 years ag. Legend (传说) has it that Lu used six wden pieces t make a ty that lks like a lck fr his sn. The lck has a lt t d with slid gemetry (立体几何). It’s hard t 69 the six pieces. Hwever, it is usually 70 t unlck a Luban lck than t put it back tgether. Nw, there are Luban lcks made up f nine r mre pieces.
Huarng Pass (华容道)
Huarng Pass is a 71 Chinese blck-mving puzzle. Every blck is named after a character in the bk Rmance f the Three Kingdms (《三国演义》), like Ca Ca, Zhang Fei and Zha Yun. T succeed in the game, players have t mve the blcks t get “Ca Ca” ut. This is a test f ne’s math knwledge, fr example, f gemetric area (几何面积). Accrding t the Chinese Puzzle website, it takes 72 81 steps t set “Ca Ca” free.
【答案】65．C 66．E 67．D 68．A 69．D 70．A 71．E 72．B
【导语】本文介绍了四个中国充满数学智慧的民间游戏。
65．句意：玩家必须从手柄上取下所有圆环才能赢得游戏。根据“Players have t remve all the rings frm the handle t…the game.”和备选词汇可知，从手柄上取下所有圆环赢得游戏。win意为“赢”，符合语境。故选C。
66．句意：这不是一个简单的游戏。根据“Fr example, if yu want t remve the ninth ring, yu have t remve the third, fifth, and seventh nes first. If yu start frm the eighth, yu wn’t be able t d it.”和备选词汇可知，这不是一个简单的游戏。simple意为“简单的”，符合语境。故选E。
67．句意：七巧板最早流行于明清时期，是由七块不同形状的拼图组成的拼图，包括三角形、正方形和平行四边形。根据“triangles (三角形), squares and parallelgrams (平行四边形)”和备选词汇可知，七巧板包含三角形、正方形和平行四边形。including意为“包含”，符合语境。故选D。
68．句意：18世纪，七巧板传入西方并很快在西方流行起来。根据“In the 18th century, the tangram was…t the West and sn became ppular there.”和备选词汇可知，七巧板被传入西方。intrduced意为“被传入”，符合语境。故选A。
69．句意：很难将这六块分开。根据“It’s hard t…the six pieces.”和备选词汇可知，把鲁班锁分成六块很难。separate意为“分开”，符合语境。故选D。
70．句意：然而，打开鲁班锁通常比把它装回去更容易。根据“Hwever, it is usually…t unlck a Luban lck than t put it back tgether.”和备选词汇可知，开锁比把锁装回去更容易。easier意为“更容易的”，符合语境。故选A。
71．句意：华容道是中国传统的方块移动谜题。根据“Huarng Pass is a…Chinese blck-mving puzzle.”和备选词汇可知，华容道是中国传统的方块移动谜题。traditinal意为“传统的”，符合语境。故选E。
72．句意：据中国拼图网站介绍，要释放“曹操”至少需要81个步骤。根据“T succeed in the game, players have t mve the blcks t get “Ca Ca” ut. This is a test f ne’s math knwledge, fr example, f gemetric area.”和备选词汇可知，至少需要81个步骤才能把“曹操”解救出来。at least意为“至少”，符合语境。故选B。
（2024·上海青浦·二模）
Summer is just arund the crner. When yu spend time utside, yu’ll experience the ht weather. Accrding t the 73 , we are seeing the httest summer. It’s mre imprtant than ever t knw hw t keep cl.
Being ht is really 74 . Smetimes, it can lead t illness. That’s ne danger f lng heat waves. If nighttime 75 als rise, they give peple less time t cl dwn.
Yur bdy respnds t heat in many ways. One is by sweating. Anther is by releasing heat. Yur bdy wrks hard t stay cl. Staying cl uses 76 . It is necessary t help yur bdy deal with heat.
【答案】73．E 74．A 75．B 76．C
【导语】本文介绍了如何避暑，以及防高温的一些建议。
73．句意：根据记录，我们正在经历最热的夏天。根据“we are seeing the httest summer.”可知，是根据记录来判断，备选词recrd“记录”符合语境。故选E。
74．句意：热是很可怕的。根据“Being ht is really”可知，应说是糟糕的，备选词awful“可怕的，糟糕的”符合语境。故选A。
75．句意：如果夜间气温也上升，人们降温的时间就会减少。根据“als rise, they give peple less time t cl dwn.”可知，设空处应说温度，备选词temperatures“温度”符合语境。故选B。
76．句意：保持凉爽需要消耗能量。根据“Yur bdy wrks hard t stay cl.”可知，应说保持凉爽是要消耗能量的，备选词energy“能量”符合语境，为不可数名词。故选C。
（2024·上海青浦·二模）
Yu can get used t heat. Yu can train fr the ht weather. Ging smewhere ht? Sme 77 recmmend an hur utside every day, leading up t it.
They suggest ther methds t help 78 heat illness. Avid heavy exercise in the middle f the day. The sun’s rays cause yur skin t darken. Wear lse, lightweight clthing. Cver up with clthes. It can 79 yur skin like sunscreen des.
It’s imprtant t stay hydrated (含水的). Drink lts f water, 80 when yu’re sweating.
We lse electrlytes (电解质) in sweat. Lk fr drinks that replace them. If yu are utside, find sme shade. And always g inside if yu are feeling t ht. Fllwing these tips will help yu enjy yur summer safely.
【答案】77．C 78．A 79．B 80．D
【导语】本文关于如何在炎热的天气避免中暑提出了建议。
77．句意：一些专家建议每天在户外活动一小时。“Sme...”作主语，故空格处需填名词；选项中只有experts是名词“专家”，且符合题意。故选C。
78．句意：他们提出了其他预防中暑的方法。句中使用短语“help d sth.”，表示“帮助……”；由其后宾语“heat illness”及文意可知指帮助预防中暑。prevent阻止、预防，符合题意。故选A。
79．句意：它可以像防晒霜一样保护你的皮肤。情态动词“can”后加动词原形，结合句意可知指像防晒霜一样保护皮肤。prtect保护，动词，符合题意。故选B。
80．句意：多喝水，尤其是出汗的时候。根据句意可知，逗号后的部分是对前句的补充说明，表示“尤其是……”；especially尤其，符合题意。故选D。
（2024·上海闵行·二模）Chse the prper wrds t cmplete the fllwing passage. Each can be used nly nce
(选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每词只能填一次)
Ice City Bursts t Life!
Travel thrugh a cld castle, walk ver a bridge, and enjy the art f ice and snw. These icy structures (冰雕) were all n shw at a famus winter wnderland in China. It was the Harbin Ice and Snw Festival. Visitrs culd walk thrugh a little city 81 made f the cld bjects!
The 40th event was fficially held n January 5, 2024. There was an pening ceremny t 82 the start f the city. Crwds watched dancers perfrm and a drne (无人机) shw fly acrss the sky abve.
In fact, this 83 festival happens every year in Harbin, China. The event has ice figure cntests as well as skiing and winter swimming. There are many huge ice twers built int 84 buildings, such as the Palace Museum and the Temple f Heaven in Beijing. When the sun ges dwn, the wnderland becmes even mre amazing as clrful light s shine beautifully n the icy structures.
A lt f hard wrk ges int making the frzen fairy tale each year. Fr weeks, mre than 300 wrkers pull ice frm the frzen Snghua River. They cut the ice int 85 and use them like bricks. Machines help lift the heavy bricks and make them several streys high. Wrkers use chainsaws (链锯), knives, and ther 86 t shape the bricks and make them becme beautiful buildings!
The Ice and Snw Festival is essential fr Harbin. Turists cme fr winter fun and this nrthern city 87 at the same time. This year, the festival is crwded with peple frm hme and abrad after a hard time fr turism industry in the past few years. Officials say the festival 88 recrds and gets abut 30,000 visitrs each day.
The festival usually lasts abut tw mnths, as lng as the weather stays cld. Then, the ice city melts away in late February r March.
【答案】81．E 82．C 83．A 84．D 85．C 86．A 87．E 88．D
【导语】本文介绍了哈尔滨冰雪节的情况。
81．句意：游客们可以穿过一个完全由冰冷的物体组成的小城市！结合语境可知，此处缺副词修饰动词，表示程度，“cmpletely完全地，彻底地”符合语境。故选E。
82．句意：有一个开幕式，标志着这个城市的开始。根据“t…the start f the city”可知，此处缺动词原形，指开幕式的意义是为了“标志”着这个城市的开始，“mark标志”符合语境。故选C。
83．句意：事实上，这个具有历史意义的节日每年都会在中国哈尔滨举行。根据“this…festival”可知，此处缺修饰词，“histrical有历史意义的”，形容词作定语，修饰festival。故选A。
84．句意：有许多巨大的冰塔建在冰冷的建筑物里，比如北京的故宫博物院和天坛。根据“There are many huge ice twers built int…buildings”可知，此处缺修饰词，“freezing极冷的，冰冻的”，形容词作定语，修饰buildings。故选D。
85．句意：他们把冰切成块，像砖头一样使用。根据“They cut the ice int…”可知，此处缺名词，指“将冰切成小块”，“blcks块”符合语境。故选C。
86．句意：工人们使用链锯、刀具和其他工具来塑造砖块的形状，使它们成为美丽的建筑物！根据“ther…t shape the bricks”可知，此处缺名词，作主语，指“其他的工具”，“tls工具”符合语境。故选A。
87．句意：游客来这里是为了冬天的乐趣，同时这个北方城市也在挣钱。根据“this nrthern city…at the same time”可知，此处缺动词，作谓语，指“挣钱”，“makes mney挣钱”符合语境。故选E。
88．句意：有关官员说，这个节日打破了记录，每天接待大约3万名游客。根据“The festival…recrds ”可知，此处缺动词，作谓语，指“打破”纪录。“break recrds打破纪录”符合语境。故选D。
（2024·上海金山·二模）
“Time fr dinner!” Every Saturday night, Dad and I rush t the table n hearing thse wrds because f the delicius fd and ur weekly mvie night as well.
I became fnd f watching mvies under my dad’s 89 . It wasn’t lng befre I fund watching a mvie alne nt enjyable. Therefre, mvie night has becme a 90 in ur family. Fr me, it’s mre than just a frm f entertainment (娱乐). Rather, it’s an activity which brings the three f us clser. During mvie nights, we all cme t the table, enjy dinner and talk abut the film. This activity has the 91 pwer t drive away all ur stress and tiredness and 92 us t frget ur trubles. Hw I wish time wuld slw dwn n thse evenings!
【答案】89．B 90．E 91．D 92．A
【导语】这篇短文介绍了作者周末是家庭活动日——看电影，在增进家人关系的同时也使人忘却了烦恼，作者非常珍惜这样的美好时光。
89．句意：在爸爸的影响下，我喜欢上了看电影。根据“under my dad’s…”可知，此处指“在爸爸的影响下”，应用备选词汇中的名词influence“影响”，under ne's influence“在某人的影响下”符合语境。故选B。
90．句意：因此，电影之夜已经成为我们家的传统。根据下文“it’s an activity which brings the three f us clser. During mvie nights, we all cme t the table, enjy dinner and talk abut the film.”可知，此处指看电影已经成为我们家的“传统”，应用备选词汇中的名词traditn“传统”。故选E。
91．句意：这项活动有神奇的力量，可以赶走我们所有的压力和疲劳，使我们忘记我们的烦恼。根据“…pwer t drive away all ur stress and tiredness”赶走我们所有的压力和疲劳，可推测此处指这项活动有股“神奇的”力量，应用备选词汇中的形容词magical“神奇的”，修饰名词pwer。故选D。
92．句意：这项活动有神奇的力量，可以赶走我们所有的压力和疲劳，使我们忘记我们的烦恼。此处缺动词作谓语，又根据“…us t frget ur trubles”可知，此处指“使我们”忘却烦恼，应用备选词汇中的动词enables“使能够”，enable sb. t d sth.“使某人能够做某事”。故选A。
（2024·上海金山·二模）
Manyara, frm an Asian cuntry, has just turned 92 years ld. Over the last tw years, Manyara has been ging t a primary schl in her village t learn t read, write and cunt. She has even 93 taken the natinal literacy (读写能力) exam.
Even nw, sme girls in Manyara’s village still dn’t get the chance t study. Her stry has 94 them and even their mthers t g t schl.
When Manyara was little, mst parents in her village culdn’t 95 t send their children t schl. She gt married very yung and had five children. With little 96 , she had t make a living as a farmer.
【答案】93．E 94．C 95．A 96．B
【导语】本文主要介绍92岁的曼雅拉学习了阅读、写作和计算。告诉我们许多女孩现在也没有很好的学习机会。
93．句意：她最近甚至参加了全国识字考试。根据“She has the natinal literacy (读写能力) exam.”可知，她最近甚至参加了全国识字考试，备选词recently“最近”符合语境，故选E。
94．句意：她的故事鼓励她们，甚至她们的母亲去上学。根据“Her stry and even their mthers t g t schl.”可知，她的故事鼓励了她们，备选词encuraged“鼓励”符合语境，故选C。
95．句意：曼雅拉小的时候，村里的大多数父母都付不起孩子的学费。根据“mst parents in her village culdn’ send their children t schl”可知，村里的大多数父母都付不起孩子的学费，备选词affrd“负担得起”符合语境，故选A。
96．句意：由于没有受过多少教育，她不得不以务农为生。根据“With little..., she had t make a living as a farmer.”可知，由于没有受过多少教育，不得不以务农为生，备选词educatin“教育”符合语境，故选B。
（2024·上海静安·二模）Cmplete the fllwing passage with the wrds r phrases in the bx. Each can nly be used nce（将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次）
Antarctica, the cldest, emptiest place n earth. It’s nt the kind f place yu 97 visiting—unless yu are travel writer Andrew Evans. He grew up reading abut great explrers. His gal was t be a 21st-century explrer. One day he wke up at five ’clck in the mrning with an idea, “I’ll take a bus t Antarctica.” He als planned t share the adventure with his fllwers n Twitter. On New Year’s Day, he 98 frm Washingtn, D．C． His jurney f 10,000 miles began. Evans traveled light. His mbile phne was the mst essential 99 . He needed his phne t send tweets t his fllwers and t update his blg n the Internet. It was ging t be a 100 t get phne service in all the cuntries. He als wasn’t sure if he culd access the Internet everywhere. Luckily, his phne wrked well, and he culd usually cnnect t the Internet. He sent ver 5,000 tweets t his 10,000 fllwers in all.
After three days n a bus traveling acrss the United States, Evans crssed int Mexic. Frty-eight hurs and several buses later, he was in Guatemala. Here his jurney 101 . He was amazed that it nly cst him $6. 50 t crss the whle cuntry. When he left Guatemala, he started t travel mre quickly. In ne day, he crssed fur cuntries. Every step f the way, he shared his adventures with his fllwers. The last part f his jurney was difficult and, 102 , dangerus. It was the rainy seasn. Rads were muddy. The buses ften gt 103 . “The driver made us all push the bus,” Evans explained. Frty days after his jurney began and 40 buses later, Evans std in Tierra del Fueg. This is where Suth America ends. Only the cean and Antarctica were 104 . He gt n a bat. Tw days later, he achieved his dream. He arrived at Antarctica. “It’s like being n anther planet,” he said. He made it by bus, tweeting all the way.
【答案】97．E 98．D 99．A 100．C 101．D 102．E 103．C 104．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了Andrew Evans去南极洲探险的故事。
97．句意：这不是你梦想的地方——除非你是旅游作家安德鲁•埃文斯。根据“Antarctica, the cldest, emptiest place n earth”可知南极洲是地球上最寒冷、最空旷的地方，所以南极洲不是你梦想的地方，选项E“梦想”符合题意。故选E。
98．句意：新年那天，他从华盛顿特区出发，开始了他的万英里旅程。根据“His jurney f 10,000 miles began”可知，是从华盛顿出发，选项D“出发”符合题意。故选D。
99．句意：他的手机是最重要的物品。根据“His mbile phne was the mst essential”以及备选词可知，手机是最重要的物品，选项A“一件物品”符合题意。故选A。
100．句意；在所有国家获得电话服务将是一个挑战。根据“t get phne service in all the cuntries”以及所给词可知在所有国家获得电话服务将是一个挑战，选项C“挑战”符合题意。故选C。
101．句意：到了这里，他的旅程慢了下来。根据“When he left Guatemala, he started t travel mre quickly”可知离开危地马拉后，他开始加快旅行速度，所以在危地马拉时他的旅程速度减慢，选项D“减慢”符合题意。故选D。
102．句意：他的旅程的最后一段很艰难，有时还很危险。根据“It was the rainy seasn. Rads were muddy”可知，他的旅程有时还很危险。选项E“有时”符合题意。故选E。
103．句意：公共汽车经常被卡住。根据“The driver made us all push the bus”可知，公共汽车经常被卡住选项C“卡住的”符合题意。故选C。
104．句意：前方只有大海和南极洲。根据“This is where Suth America ends. Only the cean and Antarctica were ”可知这就是南美洲的终点，前面只有海洋和南极洲，选项A“前面”符合题意。故选A。
（2024·上海长宁·二模）选择最恰当的选项填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。（本大题共8题，每题只有一个正确选项。）
There are sme hbbies and sprts, such as cycling and playing sccer, which are always trendy (流行的), while thers g up and dwn n ppularity. Skatebarding, 105 , was brn in the US in the 1950s and was the height f fashin in the early 1960s. But later its ppularity 106 . In the mid-1970s, a new imprved bard design 107 and yung peple tk an interest in it again. One sprt that is very ppular in the UK nw is “stunt scting (特技滑板)”. Yung peple f all ages, especially bys, are 108 . While stunt scters sell at arund $ 100, fans ften spend as much again making them mre clrful and beautiful.
“The great thing abut scting is that yu can d it anywhere,” says Jack Yemans, wh spends mst f his spare time stunt scting with his friends. “Yu can just skate in the streets and lts f 109 skate training places where yu can watch great players in actin. Many f these have fam pits (泡沫坑) s yu can practice new stunts withut 110 yurself?”
There are many stunts t learn, frm 111 jumping t turning the scter arund while in the air, 360-degree turns, and even frnt and back flips ff high slpes (斜坡).
In additin t perfrming stunts, fans als enjy putting sme f their best 112 and their wrst fails n films. Their stunt mvies are usually made nt the Internet.
【答案】105．C 106．E 107．A 108．D 109．B 110．D 111．A 112．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了特技滑板成为了时尚消遣。
105．句意：例如，滑板运动于20世纪50年代诞生于美国，并在60年代初达到了时尚的顶峰。由“Skatebarding,…, was brn in the US in the 1950s and was the height f fashin in the early 1960s”可知，此处是举例，fr example“例如”。故选C。
106．句意：但后来它的受欢迎程度下降了。由“But later its ppularity…”可知，指受欢迎的程度降低了，drpped“下降”。故选E。
107．句意：在20世纪70年代中期，一种新的改进板设计出现了，年轻人又对它产生了兴趣。由“a new imprved bard design…”可知，指新的改进板出现了，appeared“出现”。故选A。
108．句意：各个年龄段的年轻人，尤其是男孩，都加入了进来。由“Yung peple f all ages, especially bys, are…”可知，指男孩们参加了这项运动中，jining in“加入”。故选D。
109．句意：“你可以在街上滑冰，也可以在很多室内滑冰训练场所滑冰，在那里你可以看到伟大的运动员在比赛。其中很多都有泡沫坑，这样你就可以在不伤害自己的情况下练习新的特技了。”由“Yu can just skate in the streets and lts f…skate training places”可知，你可以在街上看也可以在室内看，indr“室内的”。故选B。
110．句意：“你可以在街上滑冰，也可以在很多室内滑冰训练场所滑冰，在那里你可以看到伟大的运动员在比赛。其中很多都有泡沫坑，这样你就可以在不伤害自己的情况下练习新的特技了。”由“Many f these have fam pits (泡沫坑) s yu can practice new stunts withut…yurself”可知，有了泡沫坑练习的时候就不会伤到自己了，hurting“伤害”。故选D。
111．句意：有很多特技需要学习，从简单的跳跃到在空中翻转滑板车，360度转弯，甚至从高坡上前后翻转。由“…jumping t turning the scter arund while in the air, 360-degree turns, and even frnt and back flips ff high slpes”可知，从简单的跳跃到更难的动作，simple“简单的”。故选A。
112．句意：除了表演绝技，影迷们还喜欢把他们最好的技巧和最糟糕的失败都放到电影里。由“fans als enjy putting sme f their best…and their wrst fails n films”可知，指滑板的技巧，tricks“技巧”。故选C。
（2024·上海崇明·二模）选择最恰当的选项填入空格。（每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次）
Can yu speak mre than ne language? Being able t cmmunicate with peple in anther language is a great way t make friends and feel mre 113 .
Language is the way we cmmunicate with each ther. It 114 speaking, writing and using hand and face mvements, knwn as sign language. Unlike cuntries, languages have n brders and can 115 peple arund the wrld. The UN celebrates six f the wrld’s mst 116 used languages every year. Chinese language day, n 20 April, and Spanish, n 23 April, are gd pprtunities t try learning a new language.
Speaking anther language helps yu feel mre cnnected t the peple yu may nt knw well. Havana, aged 12, says speaking Hungarian as well as English means she can chat t her 117 in Hungary. This makes her feel clser t her cusins because they’re able t share their 118 . Learning anther language can als increase yur cnfidence—fr example, by being able t chat t 119 peple when yu travel. Studies 120 that being able t speak tw languages can exercise the brain and make yu better at cncentrating n mre than ne thing at a time.
【答案】113．E 114．D 115．B 116．A 117．A 118．D 119．E 120．C
【导语】本文介绍了学习多种语言的好处。
113．句意：能够用另一种语言与人交流是交朋友和增强自信的好方法。根据“feel mre….”可知，这里是增强自信的好方法，cnfident意为“自信的”，形容词作表语。故选E。
114．句意：它涵盖了说、写和使用手势和面部动作，即手语。根据“speaking, writing and using hand and face mvements”可知，这里是它涵盖了说、写和使用手势和面部动作，cvers意为“涵盖”。故选D。
115．句意：与国家不同，语言没有国界，可以连接世界各地的人们。根据“peple arund the wrld.”可知，这里是连接世界各地的人们，cnnect意为“连接”。故选B。
116．句意：联合国每年都会庆祝世界上使用最多的六种语言。根据“used languages every year.”可知，这里指世界上使用最多的六种语言，widely意为“广泛地”。故选A。
117．句意：12岁的哈瓦那说，说匈牙利语和英语意味着她可以和匈牙利的亲戚聊天。根据“says speaking Hungarian as well as English means she can chat t her…in Hungary.”可知，这里指与匈牙利的亲戚聊天，relatives意为“亲戚”。故选A。
118．句意：这让她觉得与表亲们更亲近，因为他们能够分享自己的兴趣。根据“they’re able t share their….”可知，这里是能够分享自己的兴趣，interests意为“兴趣”。故选D。
119．句意：学习另一种语言也可以增强你的信心——例如，在旅行时能够与当地人聊天。根据“by being able t chat t…peple when yu travel.”可知，这里指与当地人聊天，lcal意为 “当地人的”。故选E。
120．句意：研究表明，会说两种语言可以锻炼大脑，使你更善于一次专注于多件事。根据“that being able t speak tw languages can exercise the brain and make yu better at cncentrating n mre than ne thing at a time.”可知，这里指研究表明，shw意为“表明”。故选C。
（2024·上海宝山·二模）Cmplete the fllwing passage with the wrds in the bx. Each can nly be used nce. (将下列单词填入空格。每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次。)
At the Wrld Rbt Cnference (世界机器人大会) 2023 in late August in Beijing, there were tw rbts that lked like the Chinese pets Li Bai and Du Fu. Technlgy has 121 ancient pets “back t life”.
While Li Bai was 122 up a cup f wine, Du Fu was sitting at a desk, writing. “The tw rbts lk real because they are made f silicne (硅胶) and their skin is very sft”, the designer f the rbts 123 in an interview. Anther human-like rbt named Apll has als attracted attentin recently. It was 124 by an American cmpany and can make simple mvements, such as walking and waving.
Apll’s head has cameras and sensrs (传感器) inside s it is 125 t map ut a 360- degree view f its envirnment. What’s mre, the cameras and sensrs help the rbt keep balance when walking n unstable (不稳定的) surfaces. Rbts like Apll usually wrk with humans, such as being tur guides r helping 126 at frnt desks. Peple are cmfrtably living and wrking with machines that lk and act like them. Hwever, as mre human-like rbts cme ut, 127 will be the key, accrding t the Rbt Reprt website. When a 70-kilgram rbt 128 dwn and falls, humans nearby may get hurt.
【答案】121．D 122．A 123．E 124．B 125．B 126．E 127．A 128．C
【导语】本文主要讲了仿生机器人的特点和用途，以及它的不足之处。
121．句意：科技让古代诗人“起死回生”。根据固定词组 t life“使……焕发生机”可知，这里填bring，文章时态是一般过去时，用brught。故选D。
122．句意：当李白端着酒时，杜甫坐在桌旁写字。根据“While Li Bai a cup f wine”可知，李白端着酒杯，hld up“端着，举起”，前面是be动词was，因此要使用hlding的形式。故选A。
123．句意：这两个机器人的设计师在接受采访时解释说：“这两个机器人看起来很真实，因为它们是由硅胶制成，它们的皮肤非常柔软。”根据“the designer f the an interview”可知，这两个机器人的设计师在接受采访时解释说到。故选E。
124．句意：它是由一家美国公司发明的，可以做简单的动作，比如走路和挥手。根据“It an American cmpany”可知，它是由一家美国公司发明的，created“创造，发明”。故选B。
125．句意：阿波罗号的头部装有摄像头和传感器，因此它能够360度观察周围的环境。根据固定结构be able t d sth“能够做某事”，可知，这里表示阿波罗号的头部能够360度观察周围的环境。故选B。
126．句意：像阿波罗这样的机器人通常与人类一起工作，比如当导游或在前台帮助游客。根据“such as being tur guides r frnt desks.”可知，这种机器人可以当导游或者在前台帮助游客。故选E。
127．句意：然而，据机器人报告网站称，随着越来越多的人形机器人问世，安全将是关键。根据“ be the key”可知，句子缺少主语，应使用名词，再根据句意，可知随着机器人越来越多，安全是关键。故选A。
128．句意：当一个70公斤重的机器人发生故障并摔倒时，附近的人可能会受伤。根据“When a 70-kilgram rbt... dwn and falls, humans nearby may get hurt.”可知，当一个70公斤重的机器人发生故障并摔倒时，附近的人可能会受伤，根据句子结构可知，空格处缺少谓语，填breaks符合句意。故选C。
A．unable B．daily C． bathrm D．encurages E. cmfrt
A．ffer B．lucky C． supprt D．usual E. respnsibility
A．usually B．further C． cnclusin D．crrect E. explains
A．except B．excited C． amazing D．train E. affected
A．psitive B．nearby C． value D．questin E. tuch
A．build B．thught C． damage D．increase E. pleasure
A．calm B．valuable C． available D．fcus E. bserve
A．explrers B．alne C． directr D．bravely E. native
A．reused B．stand fr C． date D．take actin E. deliver
A．final B．circle C． present D．extra E. shw ff
A．create
B．deal
C． effect
D．majr
E. prducers
A．different
B．experiment
C． respnd
D．successfully
E. survive
A．appearance B．save C． accurately D．plan E. warn
A．inventin B．if C． nearby D．prcess E. affect
A．balance B．influenced C． remain D．judged E. available
A．example B．reply C． run D．cmplete E. mdern
A．intrduced B．difficult C． win D．including E. simple
A．easier B．at least C． at last D．separate E. traditinal
A．awful B．temperatures C．energy D．average E.recrd
A．prevent B．prtect C． experts D．especially E. actually
A．histrical B．prperly C． mark D．freezing E. cmpletely
A．tls B．breaks dwn C． blcks D．breaks E. makes mney
A．enables B．influence C．express D．magical E.traditin
A．affrd B．educatin C． encuraged D．affect E. recently
A．item B．behavir C． challenge D．set ff E. dream f
A．ahead B．crwded C． stuck D．slwed dwn E. at times
A．appeared B．instead C． fr example D．jining in E. drpped
A．simple B．indr C． tricks D．hurting E. resurces
A．widely B．cnnect C． exactly D．cvers E. cnfident
A．relatives B．nervus C． shw D．interests E. lcal
A．hlding B created C． included D．brught E. explained
A．safety B．able C． breaks D．recrds E. visitrs