新高考英语三轮冲刺易错点17 阅读理解：主旨大意题（大陷阱）（含解析）

这是一份新高考英语三轮冲刺易错点17 阅读理解：主旨大意题（大陷阱）（含解析），共46页。

目 录
01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）
02 举一反三
【易错点提醒一】标题类易混易错点
【易错点提醒二】段落大意类易混易错点
【易错点提醒三】文章大意类易混易错点
03 易错题通关
易错陷阱1：标题类易混易错点。
【分析】
标题类是对中心思想的加工和提炼，可以是单词、短语、也可以是句子。她的特点是短小精悍，多为短语；涵盖性、精确性强；不能随意改变语言表达的程度和色彩。如果是短语类选项，考生容易混淆重点，此时应当先划出选项的关键词。
此类题和文章的中心主题句有很大关系。中心主题句一般出现在第一段，有时第一段也可能引出话题，此时应当重点关注第二段和最后一段，看看是否会出现首尾呼应。
易错陷阱2：段落大意类易混易错点。
【分析】 每个段落都有一个中心思想，通常会在段落的第一句或最后一句体现，这就是段落主题句。如果没有明显的主题句时，应当根据段落内容概括处段落大意。有时考生还会找错文章对应位置，盲目选词文中相同的词句，而出现文不对题的现象。
易错陷阱3：文章大意类易混易错点。
【分析】确定文章主旨的方法是：先看首尾段或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括。如，议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词语，记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词。文中出现不同观点时，要牢记作者的观点彩色体现全文中心的。此时，要注意转折词，如：but, hwever, yet, in spite f, n the cntrary等。

【易错点提醒一】 标题类易混易错点
【例1】 （浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）
The scientist’s jb is t figure ut hw the wrld wrks, t “trture (拷问)” Nature t reveal her secrets, as the 17th century philspher Francis Bacn described it. But wh are these peple in the lab cats (r sprts jackets, r T-shirts and jeans) and hw d they wrk? It turns ut that there is a gd deal f mystery surrunding the mystery-slvers.
“One f the greatest mysteries is the questin f what it is abut human beings — brains, educatin, culture etc. that makes them capable f ding science at all,” said Clin Allen, a cgnitive scientist at Indiana University.
Tw vital ingredients seem t be necessary t make a scientist: the curisity t seek ut mysteries and the creativity t slve them. “Scientists exhibit a heightened level f curisity,” reads a 2007 reprt n scientific creativity. “They g further and deeper int basic questins shwing a passin fr knwledge fr its wn sake.” Max Planck, ne f the fathers f quantum physics, nce said, the scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive imaginatin, fr new ideas are nt generated by deductin (推论), but by an artistically creative imaginatin.”
ng as ur best technlgy fr seeing inside the brain requires subjects t lie nearly mtinless while surrunded by a giant magnet, we’re nly ging t make limited pr gress n these questins,” Allen said.
What is a suitable title fr the text?
Wh Are The Mystery-slvers
B．Scientists Are Nt Brn But Made
C．Great Mystery: What Makes A Scientist
D．Slving Mysteries: Inside A Scientist's Mind
易错分析：没有理清第一段和第二段的关系。第一段提出疑问，引出话题，第二段提出文章的中心主题，全文围绕其展开说明。
【答案】C
【解析】 文章标题。根据第二段““One f the greatest mysteries is the questin f what it is abut human beings—— brains, educatin, culture etc.—that makes them capable f ding science at all,” said Clin Allen, a cgnitive scientist at Indiana University.(印第安纳大学的认知科学家Clin Allen说：“最大的谜团之一是，人类究竟是什么——大脑、教育、文化等——使他们能够从事科学研究。”)”结合文章主要探讨了到底是哪些因素造就了科学家。C选项“伟大的奥秘:是什么造就了科学家”最符合文章标题。故选C。
【变式1】（山东省曲阜师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年质量检测）
Perhaps yu think yu culd easily add t yur happiness with mre mney. Strange as it may seem, if yu're unsatisfied, the issue is nt a lack f means t meet yur desires but a lack f desires — nt that yu cannt satisfy yur tastes but that yu dn't have enugh tastes.
Real riches cnsist f well-develped and hearty capacities (能力) t enjy life. Mst peple are already swamped (淹没) with things. They eat, wear, g and talk t much. They live in t big a huse with t many rms, yet their huse f life is a hut.
Yur huse f life ught t be a mansin (豪宅) , a ryal palace. Every new taste, every additinal interest, every fresh enthusiasm adds a rm. Here are several rms yur huse f life shuld have.
Art shuld be a desire fr yu t develp simply because the wrld is full f beautiful things. If yu nly understd hw t enjy them and feed yur spirit n them, they wuld make yu as happy as t find plenty f hamburgers and eggs when yu're hungry.
Literature, classic literature, is a beautiful, richly furnished rm where yu might find many an hur f rest and refreshment. T gain that lve wuld g tward making yu a rich persn, fr a rich persn is nt smene wh has a library but wh likes a library.
Music like Mzart's and Bach's shuldn't be absent. Real riches are f the spirit. And when yu've brught that spirit up t where classical music feeds it and makes yu a little drunk, yu have increased yur thrills and bettered them. And life is a matter f thrills.
Sprts, withut which yu remain pr, mean a lt in life. N matter wh yu are, yu wuld be mre human, and yur huse f life wuld be better supprted against the bad days, if yu culd, and did, played a bit.
Whatever rms yu might add t yur huse f life, the secret f enjying life is t keep adding.
What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Huse f LifeB．Secret f Wealth
C．Rest and RefreshmentD．Interest and Enthusiasm
易错分析：第一段没有出现中心主旨句时，慌乱中无中生有，按现实生活去无中生有选择干扰项。应当重点关注第二段，尾段和其余段落的主题句。
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了现实生活里很多人物质上非常丰富，住豪宅，享美食。但是他们精神上却是贫穷的，要想得到内心的幸福，需要了解艺术，文学，音乐等等不同的内容来丰富我们的内心世界。文章中多次提到“huse”，把生活比喻为“一所房子”，要想幸福，必须在这所房子里填满艺术、文学、音乐等精神上的东西。A项“Huse f Life”涵盖了这些内容。故选A项。
【变式2】（安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考）
Well, t pick up where we left ff last time. I’m certain that yu knw all t well the dangers hiding n the Wrld Wide Web. And whether it’s fr schlwrk, entertainment, r just scializing with friends, the Internet will surely be a majr part f yur child’s life. S, it’s imprtant t secure their nline stays.
It’s nt the easiest thing, but keeping pen lines f cmmunicatin is primary. Let them knw they can share their nline activities with yu. Talk t them abut their nline presence as early as pssible, ideally befre they begin t use email, scial media, r a smartphne. Discuss what they find interesting nline and learning frm them abut ppular websites and apps; this will create understanding and allw yu t identify ptential risks.
Next, mnitr withut spying. Mst kids learn t understand bundaries, like respecting thers’ persnal space, r nt pening the ckie jar withut asking. Internet use is n different. It’s helpful fr kids t have grund rules as t which websites they can visit,which apps they can use, and what they can share nline. Remind them that if they feel uneasy with anything that ccurs nline, they need t alert an adult immediately.
What is the best title fr the text?
A．What Is Hidden n the Net?B．Hw t Make Online Stays?
C．Be a Smarter Internet UserD．Keep Yur Kids Safe Online
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“ S, it’s imprtant t secure their nline stays.( 因此，确保他们在网上的安全是很重要的)”及全文，文章主要提供了“如何保障孩子网上活动安全”的几条建议。由此可知，“Keep Yur Kids Safe Online(保证你的孩子安全上网)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
【变式3】（福建省泉州科技中学2023年高三试题）
Stuck inside his rm at an assisted living center, Bb Cleman knew he culd nt g ut in public with the epidemic (疫). But he was nt cut ff frm utside: he shared his lve fr cuntry music ver the Internet. “Hell, everybdy. It’s a bright day in Tennessee,” he said int his micrphne. “This is Bb Cleman, cming t yu frm Rm3325…”. Then Cleman began t play the music he lves-hits frm cuntry music stars. The 88-year-ld carefully chses each sng.
Cleman and several ther retirees have turned int DJs (流行音乐播音员), fr a new nline radi hur knwn as “Radi Recliner.” A marketing cmpany called Luckie came up with the idea f Radi Recliner. Listeners can send sng requests in hnr f family r friends. Fr example, listeners might hear a message like this: “Hey, Granny. This is yur favrite granddaughter Amy. We just wanted t call in and say we lve yu.” The 60-minute shw started with retirees in middle Tennessee. It has since expanded, with residents f assisted-living centers in ther states taking part in the prject. Many jumped at the chance t wrk as a DJ t ease the lneliness f scial distancing rules.
Mitch Bennett serves as Luckie’s chief creative fficer. He says the idea was t prvide a sense f cmmunity t lder peple. “Fr this generatin, radi was the riginal scial media,” Bennett said, “Dedicating a sng t smene yu lve and having them hear it alng with everyne else is a special way f cnnecting.”
In Gergia, 80-year-ld Ed Rsenblatt, wh had made full preparatins fr his shw, said an hur he spent playing sngs n Radi Recliner resulted in a fld f text messages, emails and calls frm family and friends, and many f the messages were frm peple he had nt heard frm fr years.
What’s the best title fr the text?
A．Older Adults Need Mre Care During the Epidemic
B．Older Adults, Stuck by the Epidemic, Turn Int DJs
C．Older Adults Were Busy With Music During the Epidemic
D．Older Adults, Stuck by the Epidemic, Shw Music Talents
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述疫情期间老人们积极参与Radi Recliner成为音乐DJ，通过分享自己喜欢的音乐来摆脱孤独，以及更多地与朋友和家人联系。故B项“受疫情困扰，老年人成为DJ”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。
【易错点提醒二】 段落大意类易混易错点
【例2】 （江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题）
As a kid grwing up in a suburb f Lndn. I lved t g lking fr the perfect park bench. Sme Sunday mrnings, my dad culd be persuaded t drive t new parks. We’d have a kick-arund with a sccer ball, share a bag f Drits and check ut all the benches in the area, reading the wrds n them.
The gd park bench leaves me in a state, smewhere between nstalgia (怀旧) and eager anticipatin. Where nce I was excited by the wrds carved n wd, I nw find, as a 10-year-ld, that I’m mre appreciative f each bench’s quiet sticism (坦然淡定), the way they are willing t wait ut their turn in every weather, remaining available t all-cmers. Like a gd bk r piece f music, a park bench allws fr a sense f slitude (独处) and cmmunity at the same time, which is crucial t life in a great city.
Part f my bsessin with park benches is as spaces where histry settles. By planting seeds f curisity, and making space fr reflectin, park benches becme drs t the past. Maybe that’s the greatest pwer f the park bench: its capacity encurages the art f bservatin. A gd bench catches us in ur quietest, mst vulnerable (脆弱的) mments, when we may be pen t imagining new narratives and revisiting ld nes. Our masks are taken ff, hung frm the bench’s wrught irn. On ther nearby benches, babies are being burped. Glances exchanged. Sandwiches eaten. Newspapers read it .
Which aspect f park benches des paragraph 3 fcus n?
A．Design.B．Histry.C．Lcatin.D．Pwer.
易错分析：容易出现文不对题，找错位置。同时对文中长句不会分析句子结构，曲解文意，提炼关键词错误。
【答案】D
【解析】段落大意题。根据第三段的“By planting seeds f curisity, and making space fr reflectin, park benches becme drs t the past. Maybe that’s the greatest pwer f the park bench: its capacity encurages the art f bservatin. A gd bench catches us in ur quietest, mst vulnerable (脆弱的) mments, when we may be pen t imagining new nanauves and revisiting ld nes.(通过播下好奇心的种子，为反思提供空间，公园长椅成为通往过去的大门。也许这就是公园长凳最大的力量：它的性能促进了观察的艺术。一张好的长凳能在我们最安静、最脆弱的时刻抓住我们，这时我们可能会想象新的纳米机器人，并重温旧的纳米机器人。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是长凳的力量，故选D。
【变式1】（重庆市第八中学2023-2024学年高考适应性试题）
The Yurk peple have lived alng the Klamath River, which flws frm the Cascades in Oregn suthwest thrugh Nrthern Califrnia, fr thusands f years, prtecting the regin and river frm which they — and thers — draw sustenance (生计).
But as develpment and pllutin cntinue t reduce the number f fish in the river and the quantity and quality f its waters, the Yurk Tribe is legalizing (合法化) the tribe’s lngstanding care by granting the Rights f Persnhd t the Klamath, the first river in Nrth America t have such rights declared.

What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．The prcess f legalizatin.B．The traditin f Yurk tribe.
C．The reasn behind the legalizatin.D．The imprtance f the Klamath River.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“But as develpment and pllutin cntinue t reduce the number f fish in the river and the quantity and quality f its waters, the Yurk Tribe is legalizing (合法化) the tribe’s lngstanding care by granting the Rights f Persnhd t the Klamath, the first river in Nrth America t have such rights declared.(但是，随着开发和污染不断减少河中鱼类的数量，以及河水的数量和质量，尤洛克部落通过授予克拉马斯河人格权利，将部落长期以来的照顾合法化，这是北美第一条宣布拥有这种权利的河流)”可知，随着开发和污染的持续，尤洛克部落将部落长期以来的照顾合法化，由此可知，本段主要讲述了这一举措的背景。故选C项。
【变式2】（江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三10月大联考）
The term “beer gggles” is said t have been cined by male Nrth American university students in the 1980s. Yet despite uncnfirmed evidence fr the phenmenn, the link between alchl intxicatin (醉酒) and physical attractin has nt been systematically studied.
Prf Bwdring f the University f Pittsburgh invited 18 pairs f male friends int the labratry t rate the attractiveness f men and wmen they viewed in phts and vides. On ne ccasin, bth men were given enugh cranberry juice t raise their bld alchl cncentratin t abut 0.08% - the legal limit fr driving in England — and n the ther ccasin, they bth received a nn-alchlic drink. After prviding attractiveness ratings fr the phts, they were asked t select which f these individuals they wuld mst like t interact with in a future experiment.
What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A．The cmparisn f tw experiments.
B．The prcess f Bwdring’s experiment.
C．The underlying lgic f beer gggles effect.
D．The methds f appreciating attractiveness.
易错分析：缺乏对段落主题句在首句的关注度，长难句结构划分容易出错，故而引起曲解文意。
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“Prf Bwdring f the University f Pittsburgh invited 18 pairs f male friends int the labratry t rate the attractiveness f men and wmen they viewed in phts and vides.(匹兹堡大学的鲍德林教授邀请了18对男性朋友进入实验室，让他们对照片和视频中男性和女性的吸引力进行打分。)”可知，Prf Bwdring让研究对象进入实验室开始进行研究，结合下文中介绍别让这些研究对象一部分喝含有酒精的饮料和另一部分喝不含酒精的饮料，以及“After prviding attractiveness ratings fr the phts, they were asked t select which f these individuals they wuld mst like t interact with in a future experiment.(在提供了照片的吸引力评级后，他们被要求在这些人中选择他们在未来的实验中最愿意与之互动的人。)”可知，给他们提供照片的吸引力评级后，让他们选择在未来实验中最愿意与之互动的人，综合以上信息可知，第二段讲述的是研究的过程。故选B项。
【变式3】（广东省珠海市第三中学2023年高三试题）
In my twenties, when I was almst cnstantly in a state f anxiety, I never went n hliday. I was scared f flying, scared f my bss nticing hw much nicer life was withut me in the ffice. I thught nt ging n hliday made me a harder wrker,when actually it just made me a mre tired ne. Then, a bss pulled me aside t tell me that he wasn’t ging t thank me fr nt taking my hlidays. I then bked a cheap beach hliday with a friend, and was genuinely amazed t find I felt much better fr it.

What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The benefit the authr btained frm travelling.
B．The surce f the authr’s stress during ffice hurs.
C．The change f the authr’s attitude t taking hlidays.
D．The reasn why the authr tried t be a harder wrker.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段内容“In my twenties, when I was almst cnstantly in a state f anxiety, I never went n hliday. I was scared f flying, scared f my bss nticing hw much nicer life was withut me in the ffice. I thught nt ging n hliday made me a harder wrker, when actually it just made me a mre tired ne. Then, a bss pulled me aside t tell me that he wasn’t ging t thank me fr nt taking my hlidays. I then bked a cheap beach hliday with a friend, and was genuinely amazed t find I felt much better fr it.(在我20多岁的时候，当时我几乎总是处于焦虑的状态，我从来没有去度假。我害怕坐飞机，害怕老板注意到我不在办公室生活会好得多。我原以为不去度假会让我更努力工作，但实际上不度假只会让我更累。然后，一位老板把我拉到一边，告诉我他不会因为我不休假而感谢我。然后我和一个朋友订了一个便宜的海滩度假，我真的很惊讶地发现我感觉好多了。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了作者对于度假的态度的改变。故选C。
【易错点提醒三】 文章大意类易混易错点
【例3】（江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题）
New bi-plastics are being made in labratries frm straw, wd chips and fd waste, with researchers aiming t replace il as the surce f the wrld’s plastic.
The new appraches include genetically mdifying bacteria t eat wd and prduce useful chemicals. But the bi-plastics are currently significantly mre expensive t make than fssil fuel-based plastics.
Land and seas arund the wrld, frm high muntains t deep ceans, have becme plluted with plastic, prmpting majr public cncern. The wrld has prduced 8bn tns f plastic since the 1950s and demand is still rising.
While sme waste plastic is recycled, much f it is burnt t prduce electricity, resulting in carbn emissins that drive climate change. In cntrast t plastic made frm il, plastics made frm plant-based materials nly release the carbn the plants absrbed frm the air as they grew. Bi-plastics will als give mre ptins fr prducts that bidegrade (生物降解) in the envirnment, althugh they can be made very lng-lasting if required.
“Plastics are an incredible enhancement t ur daily lives,” said Paul Mines, CEO f Bime Technlgies in the UK, which has spent t5m in the last five years n bi-plastics research. “But we can’t g n using fssil fuel-based materials. Abut 6-7% f every barrel (桶) f il is used t make plastics.”
“Using plant materials is feasible,” said prfessr Simn, at the University f Yrk. “Replacing half f the natin’s plastic bttles culd be dne using just 3% f the sugar beet crp, 5% f wheat straw r 2.5% f fd waste,” he said.
Currently, just a few thusand tns f bi-plastic are used in the UK each year, cmpared t millins f tns f cnventinal plastic. Mines said this culd rise t abut 20,000 tns in the next five years.
What is the main idea f the passage?
A．Plastics arc necessary in daily life. B．Oil is the surce f the wrld’s plastic.
C．Biplastic making is a prmising industry.D．Scientists are researching biplastic making.
易错分析：未关注首段，不重视文章中心主题句的总结。
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“New bi-plastics are being made in labratries frm straw, wd chips and fd waste, with researchers aiming t replace il as the surce f the wrld’s plastic.(实验室正在用稻草、木屑和食物垃圾制造新型生物塑料，研究人员的目标是取代石油成为世界塑料的来源)”并结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了研究者们正在研究生物塑料。故选D。
【变式1】（福建省福州高级中学2023-2024学年高三10月试题）
A trial prject by the Mntreal Children’s Hspital suggested that the use f medical hypnsis (催眠) can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The prject als resulted in a reductin in the amunt f medicines used t perfrm medical-imaging imaging(医学影像) prcedures.
“During the examinatin children dn’t mve. It wrks perfectly. It’s amazing,” said Jhanne L’Ecuyer, a medical-imaging technlgist at the hspital.
The prject was inspired by a French team frm Ruen University Hspital Centre where examinatins are dne under hypnsis instead f general anesthesia (麻醉).
A French medical-imaging technlgist-als a hypntist-was invited t train a few members in the medical-imaging department f the children’s hspital. In all, 80 examinatins were cnducted fr the prject between January and September, 2019, fcusing n the imaging prcedures that wuld cause anxiety.
What is the passage mainly abut?
A．An easy way t cmmunicate with patients.
B．The standard methd f cnducting hypnsis.
C．An intrductin f medical-imaging technlgy.
D．The use f hypnsis in medical-imaging prcedures.
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段“A trial prject by the Mntreal Children’s Hspital suggested that the use f medical hypnsis(催眠)can reduce pain and anxiety in patients. The prject als resulted in a reductin in the amunt f medicines used t perfrm medical-imaging imaging(医学影像) prcedures. (蒙特利尔儿童医院的一个试验项目表明催眠技术的使用可以减轻病人的痛苦和焦虑。一位法国医学影像技术专家——也是一位催眠师被邀请到儿童医院的医学影像部门培训几位员工。)”可知，全文主要讲述催眠技术在医学影像程序中的应用。故选D。
【变式2】（2023年全国高三专练）
In previus recessins (经济衰退), billinaires were hit alng with the rest f us; it tk almst three years fr Frbes’s 400 richest peple t recver frm lsses caused in 2008’s Great Recessin. But in the crnavirus recessin f 2020, mst billinaires have gtten richer than ever befre.
Billinaires increased their new billins just as millins f ther Americans ran int terrible financial prblems. Mre than 20 millin peple lst their jbs at the start f the pandemic. Fd banks acrss the cuntry are preparing fr anther great increase in demand. Why are American billinaires ding s well while s many ther Americans suffer? Peple may find part f the reasns frm the fllwing fact. Stcks (股票) are verwhelmingly wned by the wealthy, and the stck market has recvered frm its early-pandemic depths much mre quickly than ther parts f the ecnmy.
What des the authr mainly tell us in the passage?
A．Fd banks are nt enugh in the United States.
B．The richest kept getting richer even in the pandemic.
C．The stck market recvered befre the pandemic started.
D．400 richest peple recvered frm lsses in the pandemic.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“But in the crnavirus recessin f 2020, mst billinaires have gtten richer than ever befre.”（但在2020年的冠状病毒衰退中，大多数亿万富翁比以往任何时候都更富有。）可知，文章主要是讲最富有的人在疫情中也变得越来越富有。故选B。
【变式3】（2022年江苏高三校考）
Light pllutin is a significant but verlked driver f the rapid decline f insect ppulatins, accrding t the mst cmprehensive review f the scientific evidence t date.
Artificial light at night can affect every aspect f insects' lives, the researchers said. "We strngly believe artificial light at night — in cmbinatin with habitat lss, chemical pllutin.invasive (入侵的) species, and climate change — is driving insect declines, " the scientists cncluded after assessing mre than 150 studies.
Insect ppulatin cllapses have been reprted arund the wrld, and the first glbal scientific review published in February, said widespread declines threatened t cause a "catastrphic cllapse f nature's ecsystems".
There are thught t be millins f insect species, mst still unknwn t science, and abut half are active at night. Thse active in the day may als be disturbed by light at night when they are at rest.
The mst familiar impact f light pllutin is mths (飞蛾) flapping arund a bulb, mistaking it fr the mn. Sme insects use the plarisatin f light t find the water they need t breed, as light waves line up after reflecting frm a smth surface. But artificial light can scupper (使泡汤) this. Insects are imprtant prey (猎物) fr many species, but light pllutin can tip the balance in favur f the predatr if it traps insects arund lights. Such increases in predatin risk were likely t cause the rapid extinctin f affected species, the researchers said.
The researchers said mst human-caused threats t insects have analgues in nature, such as climate change and invasive species. But light pllutin is particularly hard fr insects t deal with.
Hwever, unlike ther drivers f decline, light pllutin is relatively easy t prevent. Simply turning ff lights that are nt needed is the mst bvius actin, he said, while making lights mtin-activated als cuts light pllutin. Shading lights s nly the area needed is lit up is imprtant. It is the same with aviding blue-white lights, which interfere with daily rhythms. LED lights als ffer hpe as they can be easily tuned t avid harmful clurs and flicker rates.
What is discussed in the passage?
A．Causes f declining insect ppulatins.
B．Cnsequences f insect ppulatin cllapses.
C．Light pllutin: the key bringer f insect declines.
D．Insect declines: the driver f the cllapsed ecsystem.
【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。由文章总领段第一段“Light pllutin is a significant but verlked driver f the rapid decline f insect ppulatins, accrding t the mst cmprehensive review f the scientific evidence t date.(根据对迄今为止的科学证据进行的最全面的回顾，光污染是昆虫数量迅速下降的一个重要但被忽视的驱动因素)”，结合下文内容主要围绕介绍光污染对昆虫减少的影响展开可知，本文主要讨论昆虫数量下降的原因。故选C项。
（2023年新高考I卷）
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galtn published a paper which illustrated what has cme t be knwn as the “wisdm f crwds” effect. The experiment f estimatin he cnducted shwed that in sme cases, the average f a large number f independent estimates culd be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and sme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple’s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn.
What is paragraph 2 f the text mainly abut?
A．The methds f estimatin.B．The underlying lgic f the effect.
C．The causes f peple’s errrs.D．The design f Galtn’s experiment.
【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes n the fact that when peple make errrs, thse errrs aren’t always the same. Sme peple will tend t verestimate, and cme t underestimate. When enugh f these errrs are averaged tgether, they cancel each ther ut, resulting in a mre accurate estimate. If peple are similar and tend t make the same errrs, then their errrs wn’t cancel each ther ut. In mre technical terms, the wisdm f crwds requires that peple’s estimates be independent. If fr whatever reasns, peple s errrs becme crrelated r dependent, the accuracy f the estimate will g dwn. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
（2023年高考浙江卷）
Accrding t the Slar Energy Industry Assciatin, the number f slar panels installed(安装)has grwn rapidly in the past decade, and it has t grw even faster t meet climate gals. But all f that grwth will take up a lt f space, and thugh mre and mre peple accept the cncept f slar energy, few like large slar panels t be installed near them.
Slar develpers want t put up panels as quickly and cheaply as pssible, s they haven’t given much thught t what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.
“Slar prjects need t be gd neighbrs,” says Jrdan Macknick, the head f the Innvative Site Preparatin and Impact Reductins n the Envirnment(InSPIRE)prject. “They need t be prtectrs f the land and cntribute t the agricultural ecnmy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land. One f the easiest lw-impact slar strategies is prviding habitat fr pllinatrs(传粉昆虫).
Habitat lss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pllinatr ppulatins ver the past cuple f decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural ecnmy. Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use. Cnservatin rganizatins put ut pllinatr-friendliness guidelines fr hme gardens, businesses, schls, cities—and nw there are guidelines fr slar farms.
Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin. “These pllinatr-friendly slar farms can have a valuable impact n everything that’s ging n in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32．What d slar develpers ften ignre?
A．The decline in the demand fr slar energy.
B．The negative impact f installing slar panels.
C．The rising labr cst f building slar farms.
D．The mst recent advances in slar technlgy.
33．What des InSPIRE aim t d?
A．Imprve the prductivity f lcal farms.
B．Invent new methds fr cntrlling weeds.
C．Make slar prjects envirnmentally friendly.
D．Prmte the use f slar energy in rural areas.
34．What is the purpse f the laws mentined in paragraph 4?
A．T cnserve pllinatrs.B．T restrict slar develpment.
C．T diversify the ecnmy.D．T ensure the supply f energy.
35．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Pllinatrs: T Leave r t StayB．Slar Energy: Hpe fr the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in AgricultureD．Slar Farms: A New Develpment
【答案】32．B 33．C 34．A 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stnes and using chemicals t cntrl weeds. The result is that many cmmunities, especially in farming regins, see slar farms as destryers f the sil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical appraches t “lw-impact” slar develpment, which fcuses n establishing and perating slar farms in a way that is kinder t the land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。
34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related t pllinatr habitat prtectin and pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。
35．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many slar farm develpers have transfrmed the space under their slar panels int a shelter fr varius kinds f pllinatrs, resulting in sil imprvement and carbn reductin.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。
3.（浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）
The cnventinal wisdm abut insects has been that they are unthinking, unfeeling creatures whse behavir is entirely hardwired (天生的). But in the 1990s researchers began making surprising discveries abut insect minds. Sme species f wasps (黄蜂) recgnize their nest mates’ faces and acquire impressive scial skills. Fr example, they can infer the fighting strengths f ther wasps relative t their wn just by watching ther wasps fight amng themselves.
Given the substantial wrk n the cmplexity f insect cgnitin (认知), it might seem surprising that it tk scientists s lng t ask whether, if they are that smart, culd als be sentient, capable f feeling. Since we have n direct windw int the inner wrld f an animal that cannt verbally cmmunicate its thughts and feelings, the questin f whether insects are sentient remained academic.
15 years ag, I perfrmed an experiment in which we asked whether bumblebees culd learn abut t hreat frm their natural enemies. We built a plastic spider mdel with a mechanism that wuld briefly trap a bumblebee between tw spnges befre releasing it. The bumblebees shwed a significant change in their behavir after being attacked by the rbtic spider. Perhaps unsurprisingly, they learned t avid flwers with spiders and meticulusly scanned every flwer befre landing. Curiusly, hwever, they sme times even fled frm imaginary threats, scanning and then abandning a perfectly safe, spider-free flwer. Althugh this incidental bservatin did nt cnstitute frmal ev idence f an emtinlike state, it did pen the dr t the idea that such states might exist in insects.
Sme research suggested that insects might have psitive states f mind. Researchers discvered that bees actively seek ut drugs such as nictin e and caffein e when given the chice and even treat themselves with nictin e when sick. Male fruit flies stressed by being rbbed f mating pprtunities prefer fd cntaining alchl, and bees even shw withdrawal symptms when remved frm an alchl-rich diet.
Why wuld insects cnsume mind-altering substances if there isn't a mind t alter? But these suggestive hints f negative and psitive mind states still fell shrt f what was needed t demnstrate that insects are sentient.
What des the text mainly discuss?
A．What insects' varius behavir can reveal.
B．Hw insects cmmunicate their thughts.
C．What amazing pwers insects pssess.
D．Whether insects are capable f feeling.
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Given the substantial wrk n the cmplexity f insect cgnitin, it might seem surprising that it tk scientists s lng t ask whether, if they are that smart, culd als be sentient, capable f feeling.(考虑到对昆虫认知复杂性的大量研究，科学家们花了这么长时间才提出这样的问题，如果它们真的那么聪明，它们是否也有知觉，能够感知，这似乎令人惊讶)”及全文内容可知，文章探讨了昆虫是否也有感受这个问题。故选D项。
4.（江苏省决胜新高考2023-2024学年高三10月大联考）
Assuming alchl des enhance the likelihd f a persn interacting with smene they find attractive. Bwdring believes her findings culd reveal ne prcess supprting the rewarding yet ptentially dangerus nature f alchl - including its impact n risky behaviur.
“If yu’re ging t cnsume alchl, I think it is wrth reflecting n hw can yu d it in a way that’s safe and cnsistent with yur gals,” Bwdring said. “Peple may benefit by recgnizing that valued scial mtivatins and intentins change when drinking, in ways that may be appealing in the shrt term but pssibly harmful in the lng term.”
What des Bwdring mainly talk abut in the last paragraph?
A．The significance f her research.
B．Reflectin n her previus research.
C．The negative effects f drinking.
D．Scial mrality and standards.
【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据尾段中的“Peple may benefit by recgnizing that valued scial mtivatins and intentins change when drinking, in ways that may be appealing in the shrt term but pssibly harmful in the lng term.(人们可能会受益于认识到有价值的社会动机和意图在饮酒时发生了变化，这种变化可能在短期内吸引人，但从长远来看可能有害。)”可知，Bwdring认为，人们意识到了有价值的社会动机和意图在饮酒后会发生改变，从短期看来，人们会受益于此，但在长远看，这可能是有害的，结合尾端的首句““If yu’re ging t cnsume alchl, I think it is wrth reflecting n hw can yu d it in a way that’s safe and cnsistent with yur gals,” Bwdring said.(鲍德林说:“如果你打算喝酒，我认为值得思考的是，如何以一种既安全又符合你目标的方式喝酒。”)”可知，Bwdring建议人们要思考一下，如何以一种既安全又符合你目标的方式喝酒，综合以上信息可知，最后一段讲述的应是这项研究的意义。故选A项。
5.（安徽省合肥市第一中学2023-2024学年高三质检试题）
In the late 1990s, a scientist named Mark Blumberg std in a lab at the University f Iwa watching a few sleeping newlybrn rats. He fund that the baby rats kept making small, sharp mvements in their sleep, and that their clsed eyes mved frm side t side in a phenmenn knwn as rapid eye mvement (REM). Blumberg knew that the rats were fine, because he knew peple d the same during REM sleep. And scientists have lng had an explanatin fr the twitches (抽动) and REM: They are dreaming abut their waking life.
Hwever, as he dug deeper, he wndered why adult rats spend nly abut tw hurs f each night in REM sleep, while baby rats spend an unusual amunt f time in REM, ften sleeping fr sixteen hurs a day and dreaming fr eight.
“If dreams are hints f waking life, adult rats wh have mre experiences shuld spend mre time in REM sleep. Why d baby rats, whse eyes are still shut, spend s much time in REM sleep when they have t little t dream abut?” he wndered. “Why d their eyes, their legs, tails and whiskers mve hundreds f thusands f times during their sleep?”
In the end, Blumberg cncluded that it might be the ther way arund — perhaps the mvements were sending signals t the brain t help it learn abut the bdy.
“Yu wuldn’t think that the bdy is smething a brain needs t learn,” he wrte in a paper. “But we aren’t brn with maps f ur bdies. We can’t be, because ur bdies change by the day. But in waking life, we cannt mve nly a single muscle. Even the simplest act f swallwing (吞咽) emplys mre than thirty pairs f nerves and muscles wrking tgether. Our small and sharp mvements in sleep, by cntrast, are exact and precise: They invlve muscles ne at a time. In ther wrds, such mvements allw the muscles and nerves t frm ne-t-ne cnnectins that therwise wuld be impssible. It’s a prcess that’s mst imprtant fr the brain t learn abut the bdy as we grw, suffer injuries and learn new skills.
12．What was the previus explanatin fr REM?
A．It was just an utward sign f dreams.
B．It shwed the difficulty in sleeping.
C．It was an indicatr f terrible dreams.
D．It nly ccured t sleeping baby rats.
13．What can be learned frm paragraph 2?
A．Baby rats have t spend all night in REM sleep.
B．REM sleep just accunts fr part f the sleeping time.
C．It is unnecessary fr baby rats t sleep 16 hurs a day.
D．It is nt enugh fr adults t have tw hurs f REM sleep.
14．What is a feature f the mvements in REM sleep accrding t Mark Blumberg?
A．They teach the brain new skills and heal injuries.
B．Muscles have t wrk tgether t start the mvements.
C．Each f them just invlves a muscle and a nerve at a time.
D．They are less exact and precise than ur daily mvements.
15．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The imprtance f REM sleep.
B．The latest discveries abut dreaming.
C．The relatinship between dreams and waking life.
D．A different explanatin fr the twitches during sleep.
【答案】12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D
【导语】主旨大意题。根据第四段“In the end, Blumberg cncluded that it might be the ther way arund — perhaps the mvements were sending signals t the brain t help it learn abut the bdy.”（最后，布鲁姆伯格得出结论，情况可能恰恰相反——也许这些动作向大脑发送信号，帮助它了解身体。）可知，本文主要是介绍了马克·布鲁姆伯格在二十世纪九十年代末，对动物在睡眠时的身体抽动及眼球快速转动的不同见解。D项“睡眠中抽搐的另一种解释”符合文意。故选D项。
6.（河北省石家庄市2023-2024学年石家庄市一中高三试题）We usually hear the term addictin used when talking abut drugs r alchl. But researchers are finding that certain fds can trigger(引发)the same feelings as drugs. It all cmes dwn t what’s happening in the brain. When we feel a happy rush, it’s due t a fld f the feel-gd chemical in ur brain. Drugs and alchl can cause a similar high. S, it turns ut, can sme ppular snack fds.
“We’re designed t find carbhydrates(碳水化合物)and fats reinfrcing,” says Ashley Gearhardt. She’s a psychlgist. “Evlving(进化)such tastes helped ur ancestrs vercme famine when we culdn’t find enugh t eat and make sure we survive.” she explains. That critical rle shaped the brain’s reward system, making us hard-wired t enjy carbhydrates and fatty fds.
The prblem isn’t with all fds cntaining carbhydrates and fats. Fruit is full f sugar. Oats and ther whle grains have lts f carbhydrates. Nuts and meat have fat. But such unprcessed fds eaten in a frm that’s similar t hw they grew-als cntain ther nutrients, such as fiber, that slw digestin. That limits hw quickly ur bdies can absrb the nutrients. Ckies, candy, sda, fries and ther highly prcessed fds lack thse additinal nutrients. Such fds cntain ingredients that have been highly changed frm their natural state. They’re full f easy-t-absrb carbhydrates and added fats. What’s mre, they ften cntain ingredients that dn’t naturally ccur tgether. “Sugar and fat dn’t cme tgether in nature,” Gearhardt says. But highly prcessed fds ften “have unnaturally high levels f bth carbhydrates and fat.” When we cat these fds, we get a quick “hit” f carbhydrates and fats that give the brain a bst That makes us want t eat them again and again.
“Pay attentin t what yu eat,” Gearhardt says. “It’s best t get plenty f nutritius fds fr yur mind and bdy. That desn’t mean yu can`t have a dnut r pizza nw and then. Just be sure yu’re aware f what yu’re eating.”
8．What directly makes us happy accrding t paragraph 1?
A．Addictin t fds.B．Snack fds.
C．Chemical in ur brain.D．Sme alchl.
9．What des the underlined wrd “famine“ in paragraph 2 mean?
A．A lack f fdB．A lt f difficulty.
C．EnemiesD．Diseases.
10．What d we knw abut carbhydrates and fats?
A．Ckies have less carbhydrates and fats.
B．Unprcessed fds have mre carbhydrates and fats.
C．Humans are brn t be tired f carbhydrates and fats.
D．Prcessed fds have unnatural carbhydrates and fats.
11．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Be Aware f Unprcessed FdB．Avid Unprcessed Fd
C．Eating HabitsD．Shake Fd Addictin
【答案】8．B 9．A 10．D 11．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍最近的一项分析表明，一些加工食品中的某些成分可能会让人上瘾，并建议我们不要对加工食物成瘾。
8．细节理解题。根据第一段“But researchers are finding that certain fds can trigger(引发)the same feelings as drugs. It all cmes dwn t what’s happening in the brain. When we feel a happy rush, it’s due t a fld f the feel-gd chemical in ur brain. Drugs and alchl can cause a similar high. S, it turns ut, can sme ppular snack fds.(但研究人员发现，某些食物可以引发与药物相同的感觉。这一切都归结于大脑中发生的事情。当我们感到快乐时，这是由于我们大脑中大量的感觉良好的化学物质。毒品和酒精也能引起类似的兴奋。事实证明，一些受欢迎的零食也可以。)”可知，零食可以使我们快乐。故选B。
9．词义猜测题。根据第二段“‘We’re designed t find carbhydrates(碳水化合物)and fats reinfrcing,’ says Ashley Gearhardt. She’s a psychlgist. ‘Evlving(进化)such tastes helped ur ancestrs vercme famine when we culdn’t find enugh t eat and make sure we survive.” she explains. (我们的目的是发现碳水化合物和脂肪的强化作用，”阿什利·吉尔哈特说。她是个心理学家。“当我们找不到足够的食物时，进化出的这种口味帮助我们的祖先克服了famine，确保了我们的生存。)”可知，人们找不到食物时会发生饥荒，famine是缺少食物，故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“But highly prcessed fds ften “have unnaturally high levels f bth carbhydrates and fat.” When we cat these fds, we get a quick “hit” f carbhydrates and fats that give the brain a bst That makes us want t eat them again and again. (但高度加工的食品通常“碳水化合物和脂肪含量都高得不自然”。当我们吃这些食物时，我们会迅速吸收碳水化合物和脂肪，它们会促进大脑的运转，让我们想要一次又一次地吃它们。)”可知，加工食品含有非天然的碳水化合物和脂肪。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But researchers are finding that certain fds can trigger(引发)the same feelings as drugs. (但研究人员发现，某些食物可以引发与药物相同的感觉。)”以及最后一段“‘Pay attentin t what yu eat,’ Gearhardt says. ‘It’s best t get plenty f nutritius fds fr yur mind and bdy. That desn’t mean yu can`t have a dnut r pizza nw and then. Just be sure yu’re aware f what yu’re eating.’（‘注意你吃的东西，’吉尔哈特说。‘最好为你的身心准备充足的营养食物。这并不意味着你不能偶尔吃个甜甜圈或披萨。只要确保你知道你在吃什么。’）”可知，文章主要介绍最近的一项分析表明，一些加工食品中的某些成分可能会让人上瘾，建议我们不要对加工食物成瘾，本文的最佳标题是摆脱食物成瘾，故选D。
7. （河北省新时代NT教育2023-2024学年高三试题）
As we all knw, insects can be remarkably agile (灵活的) in flight. This is really hard t build int flying rbts, but MIT Assistant Prfessr Kevin Yufeng Chen has develped an insect—sized drne (无人机) that appraches insects’ agility.
Typically, drnes require wide pen spaces. “If we lk at mst drnes tday, they’re usually quite big,” says Chen. “Mst f their applicatins invlve flying utdrs. The questin is: Can yu create an insect-sized drne that can mve arund in very crwded and cmplex spaces?”
Accrding t Chen, he vercame many prblems when building the drne. The insect-sized drne requires a fundamentally different cnstructin frm a larger ne. The large drne is usually pwered by a mtr, but the mtr lses efficiency as yu shrink it. S, Chen says, “Fr an insect-sized drne, yu need t lk fr alternatives.” The principal alternative until nw has been emplying a small, rigid actuatr (执行器) built frm new materials. Chen designed a mre agile tiny drne using sft actuatrs instead f hard nes.
Each actuatr can beat nearly 500 times per secnd and weighs just 0.6 gram, apprximately the mass f a large bee. It gives the drne insect-like agility. “Yu can hit it when it’s flying, and it can recver,” says Chen. “It can als turn ver in the air.” The drne lks a bit like a tiny cassette tape with wings, thugh Chen is als wrking n a new ne shaped like a dragnfly.
Chen says his drne can be useful in industry and agriculture. It can perfrm machinery inspectins t ensure safety and functin. Its ptential applicatins include cmpleting search-and-rescue missins fllwing a disaster. “All thse things can be very difficult fr existing large-scale drnes,” Chen explains. Smetimes, bigger isn’t better.
12．What is the disadvantage f the cnventinal drnes?
A．They cst t much.B．They can nly fly indrs.
C．Their cnstructin is unstable.D．They are t large t enter narrw spaces.
13．What is the functin f the actuatr designed by Chen?
A．T pwer the insect-sized drne.
B．T make the new drne less flexible.
C．T make the new drne easily turn ver.
D．T shape the new drne int a dragnfly.
14．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．Safety standards f the new drne.B．Pssible applicatins f the new drne.
C．Ptential risks f the new drne.D．Design cncept f the new drne.
15．Which is the best title fr the text?
A．An Insect-like Small Drne
B．The Future f Insect-sized Drnes
C．Hw Drnes Will Change the Industry
D．What Prblems Drne Develpment Are Facing
【答案】12．D 13．A 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院助理教授Chen研发出一款像昆虫一样的无人机。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段“Typically, drnes require wide pen spaces. ‘If we lk at mst drnes tday, they’re usually quite big,’ says Chen. ‘Mst f their applicatins invlve flying utdrs. The questin is: Can yu create an insect-sized drne that can mve arund in very crwded and cmplex spaces?’(通常，无人机需要广阔的开放空间。‘如果我们看看今天的大多数无人机，它们通常都很大，’Chen说。‘它们的大部分应用都涉及户外飞行。问题是：你能制造出一架昆虫大小的无人机，让它在非常拥挤和复杂的空间里移动吗？’)”可知，传统无人机的缺点是它们太大，无法进入狭窄的空间。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“The large drne is usually pwered by a mtr, but the mtr lses efficiency as yu shrink it. S, Chen says, ‘Fr an insect-sized drne, yu need t lk fr alternatives.’ The principal alternative until nw has been emplying a small, rigid actuatr (执行器) built frm new materials. Chen designed a mre agile tiny drne using sft actuatrs instead f hard nes.(大型无人机通常由电机驱动，但当你缩小它时，电机就会失去效率。因此，Chen说：‘对于昆虫大小的无人机，你需要寻找替代品。’到目前为止，主要的替代方案是使用一种由新材料制成的小型刚性驱动器。Chen设计了一种更灵活的微型无人机，使用软驱动器而不是硬驱动器)”可知，Chen设计的驱动器的功能是为昆虫大小的无人机提供动力。故选A项。
14．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的内容“Chen says his drne can be useful in industry and agriculture. It can perfrm machinery inspectins t ensure safety and functin. Its ptential applicatins include cmpleting search-and-rescue missins fllwing a disaster. ‘All thse things can be very difficult fr existing large-scale drnes,’ Chen explains. Smetimes, bigger isn’t better.(Chen说他的无人机在工业和农业上都很有用。它可以进行机械检查，以确保安全和功能。它的潜在应用包括完成灾难后的搜索和救援任务。‘所有这些对于现有的大型无人机来说都是非常困难的，’Chen解释说。有时候，越大并不代表越好)”可知，最后一段主要是说Chen研制的新型无人机在不同行业的应用。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。本文介绍了像昆虫一样的无人机的发明、特点以及应用等，所以用A项“An Insect-like Small Drne”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选A。
8. （2024届辽宁省本溪市高中高三一模试题）Vehicles n ur rads are nw mstly petrl and diesel (柴油) cars, but their days cannt cntinue fr much lnger. A recent university study fund that current electric cars culd be used fr 87 percent f daily car jurneys in the US. That figure culd rise t 98 percent by 2020.
One hurdle t the widespread adptin f electric cars has been “range anxiety” — drivers’ cncerns abut running ut f electricity n a jurney. While petrl statins are cnveniently lcated acrss natinal rad systems, the necessary netwrk f electric charging statins is still being develped. That said, charging pints are becming increasingly cmmn thrughut the USA．
Attitudes twards electric vehicles have changed greatly ver the last few years. Nt that lng ag, electric cars were met with distrust, and their high prices drve custmers away. Thanks t imprvements in battery capacity, recharging times, perfrmance and price, the current generatin f electric cars are starting t persuade picky cnsumers. Plug-in cars will sn give internal cmbustin engine (内燃机) mdels a run fr their mney.
As well as develpment n the rad, electric vehicles are taking t the seas and skies. Electric bats are amng the ldest methds f electric travel, having enjyed several decades f ppularity frm the late 19th t the early 20th century befre petrl-pwered utbard mtrs tk ver. Nw, the glbal drive fr renewable energy surces is bringing electric bats back. Steps twards electric air travel are als being made, with Airbus and NASA amng the rganizatins develping and testing battery-pwered planes. The experiments culd sn make cmmercial (商业的) electric flight a reality.
Electric vehicles d nt prduce any emissins (排放). If the US culd replace 87 percent f its cars with electric vehicles, it wuld reduce the natinal demand fr petrl by 61 percent. Hwever, because f the prductin prcesses and the generatin f electricity required t charge these vehicles, they cannt claim (声称) t be cmpletely emissin-free. That said, as many cuntries cntinue t increase their use f renewable energy surces, electric vehicles will becme even cleaner.
24．The underlined wrd “hurdle” in Paragraph 2 prbably means __________.
A．aimB．difficultyC．resultD．step
25．Why did many peple refuse t buy the electric cars in the past?
A．They were very prly made.B．They were nt widely prmted.
C．They were expensive.D．They culdn’t travel at a high speed.
26．What is the functin f Paragraph 4?
A．T intrduce the histry f electric travel.
B．T explain why the wrld needs mre electric cars.
C．T shw why mre peple have interest in electric cars.
D．T describe different ways electric vehicles can be used.
27．Which is the best title fr this passage?
A．Driving int a Cleaner FutureB．Histry f Electric Cars
C．Prblems with Petrl and Diesel CarsD．Best Means f Transprtatin
【答案】24．B 25．C 26．D 27．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汽油和柴油汽车虽然仍然主宰着我们的道路，但很快会被电动车辆所替代。电动汽车不产生任何排放物，随着在陆路方面的进步，电动汽车正朝着海洋和天空方向发展，而未来的车辆一定是电动时代。
24．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“One hurdle t the widespread adptin f electric cars has been “range anxiety”—drivers’ cncerns abut running ut f juice n a jurney. (电动汽车被广泛采用的一个hurdle是“里程焦虑”——驾驶者担心在旅途中电量耗尽)”可知，“驾驶员担心在旅途中耗尽电能”是电动汽车的缺点，这是电动汽车普及的一个“障碍，难关”。由此可知，hurdle与difficulty意思一致。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Nt that lng ag, electric cars met with distrust, and their high prices drve custmers away. (不久前，电动汽车遭遇了不信任，高昂的价格让消费者望而却步)”可知，过去很多人拒绝购买电动汽车是因为人们认为电动车太贵了不值得买。故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“As well as develpment n the rad, electric vehicles are taking t the seas and skies. Electric bats are amng the ldest methds f electric travel, having enjyed several decades f ppularity frm the late 19th t the early 20th century befre petrl-pwered utbard mtrs tk ver. Nw, the glbal drive fr renewable energy surces is bringing electric bats back. Steps twards electric air travel are als being made, with Airbus and NASA amng the rganizatins develping and testing battery-pwered planes. (除了在道路上的进步，电动汽车也正在走向海洋和天空。电动船是最古老的电动交通工具之一，从19世纪末到20世纪初，在汽油动力的舷外发动机接管之前，电动船已经流行了几十年。现在，全球对可再生能源的推动正在使电动船回归。电动飞机的发展也在取得进展，空客和美国国家航空航天局都在开发和测试电池驱动的飞机)”可知，电动交通工具以不同的方式出现在陆路，海上及空中。由此推知，第四段的作用是描述电动交通工具的不同的用途。故选D。
27．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Vehicles n ur rads are nw mstly petrl and diesel(柴油)cars, but their days cannt cntinue fr much lnger. A recent university study fund that current electric cars culd be used fr 87 percent f daily car jurneys in the US. That figure culd rise t 98 percent by 2020. (汽油和柴油车可能仍然主宰着我们的道路，但它们的日子屈指可数了。一项最近的大学研究发现，目前美国87%的日常汽车出行可以使用电动汽车。到2020年，这一数字可能上升到98%。)”和第四段中的“As well as develpment n the rad, electric vehicles are taking t the seas and skies.(除了在公路上的发展，电动汽车正在走向海洋和天空。)”和其它内容可知，汽油和柴油交通工具可能仍然主宰着我们的道路，但很快会被电动交通工具所替代，而未来的交通工具一定是更清洁的电动时代。由此可知，A项“驶入更清洁的未来”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。
9. （2024届辽宁省沈阳市浑南区东北育才学校一模试题）Scientists at MIT have managed t change rdinary spinach (菠菜) plants int natural sensrs which can find chemicals used in bmbs. The secret t giving spinach these special pwers is nantech (纳米技术), which is scientific area that deals with making r changing things that are extremely tiny.
“Ordinary spinach plants can be fund everywhere and easy t stre; like ther plants, they nrmally take in carbn dixide gas,” the scientists say. “But actually they can sense small changes f sil and water ptential and respnd t them. If we tap int this pint, there is a wealth f infrmatin t access.” That’s what the scientists use t pwer their tiny experiments.
Fr this experiment, the scientists placed tw different kinds f tiny nan-materials int spinach plants. T get them int the plants, the scientists put a liquid cntaining them n the bttm f the plant’s leaves. As part f its natural prcess, the spinach plant pulls water thrugh its rts and int its leaves. If the water cntains certain chemicals used in bmbs, the tiny sensrs in the leaves make the nan-tubes, which, alng with the sensrs, were placed int the spinach plant befre by the scientists, prduce a slightly special kind f light. By watching the plant cnstantly using a camera attached t a cheap cmputer, the scientists set up a system that can send a warning email if chemicals frm explsives are fund in the water.
The cmputer the scientists used is abut the size f a playing card. They say that in the future, their system culd even use a cell phne with its camera changed slightly. Discvering chemicals used in bmbs is just ne f the many uses the researchers are explring. They have used such plants t discver several ther dangerus chemicals as well. Frm their pint f view, there’s n dubt that in the future, such systems culd give farmers specific infrmatin abut the health f the land and water n their farms.
8．Why d the scientists use plants t d the experiment?
A．They are cmmn in the daily life.B．They are envirnmentally respnsive.
C．They absrb much carbn dixide gas.D．They are small in size and easy t stre.
9．What’s the functin f the carbn nan-tubes placed int spinach plants?
A．T cntrl the camera.B．T cntain the liquid.
C．T fix the tiny sensrs.D．T give ff plant light.
10．What can we say abut the applicatin f the experiment?
A．It’s diverse.B．It’s unexpected.C．It’s limited.D．It’s cheap.
11．What’s the suitable title fr the text?
A．Spinach Is Sensitive t Chemicals in Bmbs
B．Spinach Sends Warning Emails Using Nantech
C．Nantech Helps Spinach Grv Healthily
D．Nantech Prtects Spinach frm Danger
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．A 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了麻省理工学院的科学家们使用纳米技术将菠菜变成了天然传感器，可以在水中发现爆炸物中的化学物质，并发送警告电子邮件。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段““But actually they can sense small changes f sil and water ptential and respnd t them. If we tap int this pint, there is a wealth f infrmatin t access.” That’s what the scientists use t pwer their tiny experiments.(“但实际上，它们可以感知土壤和水势的微小变化并做出反应。如果我们深入了解这一点，就会有丰富的信息可供获取。”这就是科学家们用来为他们的微小实验提供动力的东西)”可知，科学家们使用植物做实验是因为它们可以感知环境的微小变化，对环境做出反应。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“If the water cntains certain chemicals used in bmbs, the tiny sensrs in the leaves make the nan-tubes, which, alng with the sensrs, were placed int the spinach plant befre by the scientists, prduce a slightly special kind f light.(如果水中含有炸弹中使用的某些化学物质，那么叶子中的微小传感器就会使得碳纳米管和之前被科学家放入菠菜中的传感器产生一种稍微特殊的光)”可知，科学家将碳纳米管放入菠菜中，如果水中含有炸弹中使用的某些化学物质，植物就会发出特殊的光。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段“Discvering chemicals used in bmbs is just ne f the many uses the researchers are explring. They have used such plants t discver several ther dangerus chemicals as well. Frm their pint f view, there’s n dubt that in the future, such systems culd give farmers specific infrmatin abut the health f the land and water n their farms.(发现炸弹中使用的化学物质只是研究人员正在探索的众多用途之一。他们还利用这些植物发现了其他几种危险的化学物质。从他们的角度来看，毫无疑问，在未来，这样的系统可以为农民提供有关农场土地和水健康的具体信息)”可知，这一实验可应用的范围非常广，是多种多样的。故选A。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists at MIT have managed t change rdinary spinach plants int natural sensrs which can find chemicals used in bmbs.(麻省理工学院的科学家们成功地将普通的菠菜植物变成了天然传感器，可以找到炸弹中使用的化学物质)”以及第三段“By watching the plant cnstantly using a camera attached t a cheap cmputer, the scientists set up a system that can send a warning email if chemicals frm explsives are fund in the water.(通过不断使用连接在廉价电脑上的摄像头观察植物，科学家们建立了一个系统，如果在水中发现爆炸物中的化学物质，可以发送警告电子邮件)”可知，本文主要介绍了科学家使用纳米技术将菠菜变成了天然传感器，可以在水中发现爆炸物中的化学物质，并发送警告电子邮件，所以“菠菜使用纳米技术发送警告电子邮件”可以作为文章标题。故选B。
10. （浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）
Having spent mre than a decade n the dance flr, ROME — Niccl Filippi, a 23-year-ld Italian dance perfrmer, recently decided t explre Chinese culture and its traditinal dance frms and believes that this experience will nt nly bst his career, but als braden his hrizns beynd the wrld f dance.
His interest in diversifying his skills grew after he stumbled upn a shrt vide f traditinal Chinese-styled dance n YuTube. “I saw it as an art that cmbines traditin and mdernity, which was mstly the reasn why I liked it,” says Filippi.
Ever since, he has been clsely fllwing Chinese dance perfrmers and watching numerus vides t learn mre abut the traditinal style that he admires. “I prefer the traditinal style because f its light mvements. It als reflects my persnality with elegance,” he adds.
Filippi’s chance came when he was invited t perfrm fr a Chinese New Year celebratin in the central Italian city f Flrence. He has since fully cmmitted himself t the art frm, learning several pieces and putting his newfund passin int practice.
“The biggest difference that I fund (cmpared t ther disciplines) is the change f md and emtinal expressins amng dances,” says Filippi, adding that he needed t shift frm the dynamic mves f hip-hp t the graceful and fluid mvements f Chinese dance. Despite varius bstacles, Filippi’s effrts have nt gne unnticed. Tw f his friends shared vides f his perfrmances n scial media, and the respnse was verwhelming. One vide garnered 500,000 views, while the ther received 200,000 views.
Filippi believes that learning abut different cultures is priceless, and he sees it as a means f persnal grwth. “I like t think f a persn as a bk,” he says. “Embracing different traditins and cultures, such as Chinese culture and many thers, is like adding new chapters t my bk, making it mre diverse and wnderful.”
24．What is the main reasn why Filippi falls in lve with traditinal Chinese dance?
A．Its ptential t bst his career.B．Its mix f traditinal and mdern elements.
C．Its graceful and light mvements.D．Its true reflectin f his elegant persnality.
25．Hw des the authr illustrate the ppularity f Filippi’s vides?
A．By listing numbers.B．By giving an example.
C．By sharing a stry.D．By making a cmparisn.
26．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Filippi thinks little f learning frm ther cultures.
B．Peple prefer t write dwn their past experiences.
C．Accepting varius cultures bsts persnal grwth.
D．A bk with chapters n traditins is mre wnderful.
27．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．Chinese-styled dance vides g viral n scial media.
B．An Italian’s dance jurney twards specializatin starts.
C．Filippi’s desire fr Chinese culture extends beynd dance.
D．An Italian dancer shws passin fr Chinese-styled dance.
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．C 27．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是意大利舞蹈演员Niccl Filippi最近决定探索中国文化及其传统舞蹈形式，并相信这段经历不仅会促进他的职业生涯，还会拓宽他在舞蹈世界之外的视野。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段的““I saw it as an art that cmbines traditin and mdernity, which was mstly the reasn why I liked it,” says Filippi.(Filippi说：“我认为这是一种结合了传统与现代的艺术，这也是我喜欢它的主要原因。”)”可知，Filippi爱上中国传统舞蹈的主要原因是它融合了传统和现代元素。故选B。
25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Tw f his friends shared vides f his perfrmances n scial media, and the respnse was verwhelming. One vide garnered 500, 000 views, while the ther received 200, 000 views.(他的两个朋友在社交媒体上分享了他的表演视频，反响非常热烈。其中一个视频获得了50万次观看，而另一个则获得了20万次观看)”可推知，作者通过列出数字说明Filippi的视频的受欢迎程度，故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Filippi believes that learning abut different cultures is priceless, and he sees it as a means f persnal grwth.(Filippi认为学习不同的文化是无价的，他认为这是个人成长的一种方式)”可推知，从最后一段可以推断出接受不同的文化能促进个人成长。故选C。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Having spent mre than a decade n the dance flr, ROME— Niccl Filippi, a 23-year-ld Italian dance perfrmer, recently decided t explre Chinese culture and its traditinal dance frms and believes that this experience will nt nly bst his career, but als braden his hrizns beynd the wrld f dance.(23岁的意大利舞蹈演员Niccl Filippi在舞池ROME里呆了十多年，最近他决定探索中国文化及其传统舞蹈形式，并相信这段经历不仅会促进他的职业生涯，还会拓宽他在舞蹈世界之外的视野)”可知，本文主要讲的是意大利舞蹈演员Niccl Filippi最近决定探索中国文化及其传统舞蹈形式，并相信这段经历不仅会促进他的职业生涯，还会拓宽他在舞蹈世界之外的视野。由此可知，D选项“An Italian dancer shws passin fr Chinese-styled dance.(一位意大利舞者对中国风格的舞蹈表现出热情)”能够概括本文主旨。故选D。
11. （2024届福建省三明市等5地高三一模试题）
A rbt created at Standfrd University is diving dwn t shipwrecks (沉船) in a way that humans can’t d. Knwn as OceanOneK, the rbt allws its peratrs t feel like they’re underwater explrers, t.
OceanOneK resembles (像) a human diver frm the frnt, with arms, hands and eyes that capture the underwater wrld in full clr. The back f the rbt has cmputers and eight multidirectinal thrusters (推进器) that help it carefully explre the sites f fragile shipwrecks. When an peratr at the cean’s surface uses cntrls t direct OceanOneK, the rbt’s tuch-based feedback system causes the persn t feel the water’s resistance.
The idea fr OceanOneK came frm a desire t study cral reefs in the Red Sea at depths beynd the nrmal range fr divers. While OccanOneK was designed t reach maximum depths f 656 feet, researchers had a new gal:1 kilmeter, hence the new name fr OceanOneK. The researchers changed the rbt’s bdy by using special fam t increase buyancy (浮力) and fight the pressures f 1, 000 meters mre than 100 times what humans experience at sea level. OceanOneK als gt tw new types f hands and increased arm and head mtin.
During OceanOneK’s deep dive in February, team members discvered the rbt culdn’t rise when they stpped fr a thruster check. Fltatins n the cmmunicatins and pwer line had cllapsed, causing the line t pile n the tp f the rbt.
OceanOneK’s descent was a success. It drpped ff a memrial marker n the seabed that reads, “A rbt’s first tuch f the deep seaflr — A vast new wrld fr humans t explre.” Khatib, a prfessr, called the experience an “incredible jurney.” “This is the first time that a rbt has been capable f ging t such a depth, interacting with the envirnment, and permitting the human peratr t feel that envirnment,” he said.
8．What can we learn abut OceanOneK?
A．Its eyes are clrful.
B．It functins autmatically.
C．It lks like its peratr frm the frnt.
D．It is remtely cntrlled t explre underwater.
9．Hw des the authr develp the third paragraph?
A．By listing data.B．By raising questins.
C．By reasning and analyzing.D．By presenting an argument.
10．What des the underlined wrds “descent” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Successful peratin.B．Deep diving.
C．Pressure resistance.D．Flexible explratin.
11．What is a suitable title fr the text?
A．A Creative ExplrerB．The Ambitius Explratin
C．A Self-driven Seeker — A RbtD．A Deep-Sea Explrer — OceanOneK
【答案】8．D 9．A 10．B 11．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了一款深海探测机器人OceanOneK。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Knwn as OceanOneK, the rbt allws its peratrs t feel like they’re underwater explrers, t.(该机器人被称为OceanOneK，它让操作员感觉自己也是水下探险家)”，第二段“OceanOneK resembles (像) a human diver frm the frnt, with arms, hands and eyes that capture the underwater wrld in full clr.(OceanOneK从正面看就像一个人类潜水员，手臂、手和眼睛捕捉到了全彩色的水下世界)”及“When an peratr at the cean’s surface uses cntrls t direct OceanOneK, the rbt’s tuch-based feedback system causes the persn t feel the water’s resistance.(当操作员在海面上使用控制装置来指挥OceanOneK时，机器人基于触摸的反馈系统会使人感受到水的阻力)”可知，OceanOneK是被人远程控制的，可以在水下探险。故选D项。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“While OccanOneK was designed t reach maximum depths f 656 feet, researchers had a new gal: 1 kilmeter, hence the new name fr OceanOneK. The researchers changed the rbt’s bdy by using special fam t increase buyancy and fight the pressures f 1, 000 meters mre than 100 times what humans experience at sea level.(虽然OccanOneK的设计最大深度为656英尺，但研究人员有了一个新的目标：1公里，因此OceanOneK有了新名称。研究人员通过使用特殊的泡沫来改变机器人的身体，以增加浮力，并对抗1000米的压力，这是人类在海平面上所承受的压力的100多倍)”可知，文章第三段通过列数据来开展。故选A项。
10．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段划线词后文“It drpped ff a memrial marker n the seabed that reads, “A rbt’s first tuch f the deep seaflr — A vast new wrld fr humans t explre.” Khatib, a prfessr, called the experience an “incredible jurney.” “This is the first time that a rbt has been capable f ging t such a depth, interacting with the envirnment, and permitting the human peratr t feel that envirnment,” he said.(它在海床上留下了一块纪念碑，上面写着：“机器人第一次触摸深海——一个供人类探索的广阔新世界。”哈提卜教授称这次经历是一次“不可思议的旅程”。他说：“这是机器人第一次能够到达这样的深度，与环境互动，并让人类操作员感受到那种环境。”)”可知，机器人OceanOneK成功潜入深海，descent与Deep diving“深潜”意思接近。故选B项。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A rbt created at Standfrd University is diving dwn t shipwrecks in a way that humans can’t d. Knwn as OceanOneK, the rbt allws its peratrs t feel like they’re underwater explrers, t.(斯坦福大学发明的一个机器人能以人类无法做到的方式潜入沉船。这个被称为OceanOneK的机器人让它的操作员也感觉自己是水下探险家)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了一款能进行深海探险的机器人OceanOneK。A Deep-Sea Explrer — OceanOneK“深海探险家——OceanOneK”作为最佳标题，符合题意。故选D项。
12.（福建省宁德第一中学2023-2024学年高三检测试题）
Several years ag, Jasn Bx, a scientist frm Ohi, flew 31 giant rlls f white plastic t a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them acrss 10,000 feet f ice, then left. His idea was that the white blanket wuld reflect back the rays f the sun, keeping the ice cl belw. When he came back t check the results, he fund it wrked. Expsed ice had melted faster than cvered ice. He had nt nly saved tw feet f glacier in a shrt time. N cal plants were shut dwn, n jbs were lst, and nbdy was taxed r fired. Just the srt f fix we’re lking fr.
“Thank yu, but n thank yu.” says Ralph King, a climate scientist. He tld Grey Childs. authr and cmmentatr, that peple think technlgy can save the planet, “but there are ther things we need t deal with, like cnsumptin. They burned $50,000 just fr the helicpter” t bring the plastic t the glacier. This experiment, qute-unqute, gives peple false hpe that climate change can be fixed withut changing human behavir. It can’t. Technlgy wn’t give us a free ride.
Individuals respnd t climate change differently. Climatlgist Kelly Smith is hardly alne in her predictin that smeday sn we wn’t be climate victims, we will be climate Chsers. Mre scientists agree with her that if the human race survives. The engineers will get smarter, the tls will get better, and ne day we will cntrl the climate. but that then? “Just the mentin f us cntrlling the climate sent a small shiver dwn my back, Grey writes.” “Smething sunded wrng abut stpping ice by ur wn will,” he says.
Me? I like it better when the earth takes care f itself, I guess ne day we will have t run the place, but fr the mment, sitting at my desk, lking ut at the trees bending wildly and the wind hwling, I’m happy nt t be in charge.
12．Why des the authr mentin Jasn Bx’s experiment in the first paragraph?
A．T intrduce a pssible slutin t climate change.
B．T describe a misleading attempt t fix the climate.
C．T reprt n a successful experiment n saving the glacier.
D．T aruse peple’s attentin t the prblem f glbal warming.
13．Which statement wuld Ralph King mst prbably agree with?
A．The fight against climate change will nt succeed.
B．Technlgy is nt the final slutin, let alne its high cst.
C．It’s best t deal with climate change withut changing ur behavir.
D．Jasn’s experiment plays a significant rle in fixing climate change.
14．What is Grey Childs’s attitude t human’s cntrlling the climate?
A．FavrableB．TlerantC．Dubtful.D．Unclear.
15．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．But shuld we fix the climate?
B．Is climate change a real prblem?
C．Hw can we take care f the earth?
D．What if all the glaciers disappeared?
【答案】12．B 13．B 14．C 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是几位科学家对控制气候变化的论述。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Several years ag,Jasn Bx,a scientist frm Ohi,flew 31 giant rlls f white plastict a glacier (I) in Greenland.He and his team spread them acrss 10, 000 feet f ice,then left.His idea was thatthe white blanket wuld reflect back the rays f the sun,keeping the ice cl belw. (几年前,来自俄俄州的科学家贾森·博克斯将31卷巨大的白色塑料空运到了格陵兰鸟的一座冰川上。他和他的团队把它们铺在一万英尺的冰面上,然后离开。他的想法是,白色的塑料会反射太阳光,保持下面的冰凉爽。)”和第二段的“This experiment,qute-unqute,gives peple false hpe thatclimate change can be fixed withut changing human behavir.It can't.Technlgy wn't give us a free ride. (这个实验给了人们错误的希望,认为气候变化可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决。它不能。科技不会让我们搭便车。)”可知,第一段介绍了一个名叫Jasn Bx的科学家做了一个试验,尝试用白色塑料覆盖冰川,以达到保护冰川的目的。从而引出后文对人类干预气候的可行性的探讨,因此作者在第一段提到Jasn Bx的实验，是为了描述一种具有误导性的试图解决气候问题的尝试。故选B。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段的“They burned $50,000 just fr the helicpter” t bring the plastic t the glacier. This experiment, qute-unqute, gives peple false hpe that climate change can be fixed withut changing human behavir. It can’t. Technlgy wn’t give us a free ride.(他们花了5万美元买了一架“把塑料运到冰川”的直升机。这个实验给了人们错误的希望，认为气候变化可以在不改变人类行为的情况下得到解决。它不能。科技不会让我们搭便车。)”可知，拉尔夫·金最可能同意技术并不是最终的解决方案，更不用说其高昂的成本了。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段最后 一句“Smething sunded wrng abut stpping ice by ur wn will (按照我们自己的意愿阻止结冰，听起来有些不对劲。)”可知Grey Childs对人类控制气候的态度是怀疑的，故选C。
15．主旨大意题。第一段的“Several years ag, Jasn Bx, a scientist frm Ohi, flew 31 giant rlls f white plastic t a glacier (冰川) in Greenland. He and his team spread them acrss 10,000 feet f ice, then left. (几年前，来自俄亥俄州的科学家贾森·博克斯(Jasn Bx)将31卷巨大的白色塑料飞到了格陵兰岛的一座冰川上。他和他的团队把它们铺在一万英尺的冰面上，然后离开。)”引出控制气候变化的极端例子，之后列举不同的科学家对于控制气候的观点，最后一段“Me? I like it better when the earth takes care f itself, I guess ne day we will have t run the place, but fr the mment, sitting at my desk, lking ut at the trees bending wildly and the wind hwling, I’m happy nt t be in charge. (我吗?我更喜欢地球自己照顾自己的时候，我想有一天我们将不得不管理这个地方，但此刻，坐在我的办公桌前，看着树木疯狂地弯曲，风咆哮着，我很高兴自己不再是负责人。)”作者提出更喜欢地球自己照料自己，也即反对人类控制气候，因此本文主要讲的是人类是否应该控制气候，因此A选项“But shuld we fix the climate? (但是我们应该解决气候问题吗？)”可概括本文主要内容，可作为最好的题目，故选A。
13.（河北省保定市重点高中2023-2024学年高三试题）
In 2020, Pink launched the Wrld Regret Survey, the largest survey n the tpic ever undertaken. With his research team, Pink asked mre than 15, 000 peple in 105 cuntries, “Hw ften d yu lk back n yur life and wish yu had dne things differently?” Mst f them said regret was at least an ccasinal part f their life. Rughly 21 percent said they felt regretful all the time. Only 1 percent said they never felt regretful.
If yu are f the “n regrets” schl f life, yu may think that all this regret is a recipe fr unhappiness. But that isn’t the case. Letting yurself be verwhelmed by regret is indeed bad fr yu. But ging t the ther extreme may be even wrse. T extinguish yur regrets desn’t free yu frm shame r srrw but causes yu t make the same mistakes again and again. T truly get ver ur guilt requires that we put regret in its prper place.
Uncmfrtable as it is, regret is an amazing cgnitive feat. It requires that yu g back t a past scene. Imagine that yu acted differently t change it, and with that new scene in mind, arrive at a different present-and then, cmpare that fictinal present with the ne yu are experiencing in reality. Nt all regrets are the same, f curse. Pink says they cme in fur basic varieties, and an instance f regret may invlve just ne cmbinatin.
Many cnnectin regrets verlap (重叠) with mral regrets, which can cme abut after yu g against yur wn values. Fr example, yu may pride yurself n being a lving persn, and thus regret nt living up t this image in the relatinship yu harmed, Mral regrets can als invlve just yurself. Maybe yu regret nt living up t yur cmmitment t yur health when yu ate a whle pizza r skipped the gym.
If nt analyzed and managed, any variety f regret can be harmful t yur well-being. Regret is linked t depressin and anxiety, and excessive regret can adversely affect yur immune system. But regret desn’t have t be put aside and ignred.
28．What culd be cncluded frm Pink’s research?
A．Half f the peple felt regretful.B．Mst peple lived withut regrets.
C．Nne culd live a life withut regrets.D．The majrity f the peple had regrets.
29．What des the underlined wrd “extinguish” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Admit.B．Destry.C．Treasure.D．Encunter.
30．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The harm f mral regrets.
B．The imprtance f cmmitment.
C．The relatinship between regrets and values.
D．The cnnectin between reality and imaginatin.
31．What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A．Types f regrets.B．Causes f regrets.
C．Benefits f experiencing regrets.D．Ways f dealing with regrets.
【答案】28．D 29．B 30．C 31．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一份调查报告：大多数人的人生都是有遗憾的，如果不及时处理可能会带来不好的后果。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Mst f them said regret was at least an ccasinal part f their life.(他们中的大多数人说，遗憾至少是他们生活中偶尔出现的一部分。)”可知，大多数人都是有遗憾的，他们觉得遗憾至少是他们生活中偶尔出现的一部分。故选D。
29．词句猜测题。根据上文“Letting yurself be verwhelmed by regret is indeed bad fr yu. But ging t the ther extreme may be even wrse.(让自己被遗憾淹没确实对你不好。但走向另一个极端可能更糟。)”可知，另一个极端就是消除遗憾，由此可推知，划线词所在的句子意思为：消除你的遗憾并不能让你从羞耻和悲伤中解脱出来，只会让你一次又一次地犯同样的错误。extinguish意为“消除，消灭”。故选B。
30．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Many cnnectin regrets verlap (重叠) with mral regrets, which can cme abut after yu g against yur wn values.(许多人际关系上的遗憾与道德上的遗憾重叠，这可能发生在你违背自己的价值观之后。)”可知，该段主要介绍了遗憾和价值观的关系，遗憾可能会发生在违背你自己的价值观之后。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But regret desn’t have t be put aside and ignred.(但遗憾并不一定要被置之不理)”可知，作者下文可能要讲的是如何应对遗憾。故选D。
14.（福建省厦门第二中学2023-2024年高三试题）
What makes mdern science uniquely pwerful is its refusal t believe that it already pssesses ultimate truth. The reliability f science is based nt n certainty but n a cmplete absence f certainty. As Jhn Stuart Mill wrte in “On Liberty” in 1859, “The beliefs which we have mst warrant (依据) fr, have n safeguard t rest n, but a standing invitatin t the whle wrld t prve them unfunded.”

What is the main idea f paragraph 4?
A．It is unwise t believe in science.
B．T much uncertainty lies in science.
C．The fundatin f science is unfunded.
D．The lack f certainty makes science credible.
【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“What makes mdern science uniquely pwerful is its refusal t believe that it already pssesses ultimate truth. The reliability f science is based nt n certainty but n a cmplete absence f certainty.(现代科学之所以具有独特的力量，是因为它拒绝相信自己已经掌握了终极真理。科学的可靠性不是建立在确定的基础上，而是建立在完全不确定的基础上)”可知，第四段主要论述了缺乏确定性使得科学可信。故选D。
15.（辽宁省朝阳市辽宁名校2023-2024学年高三试题）
Gelje Sherpa was leading a Chinese climber up Munt Qmlangma when he sptted a Malaysian climber in need f help, and the tw men then abandned the summit (顶峰) in rder t rescue the Malaysian climber. They were in the “death zne”, an area near the summit f Munt Qmlangma where temperatures are extremely lw and where there isn’t enugh xygen t breathe.
The Malaysian climber had “nthing” and was n the brink (边缘) f death. Gelje recalled that n ne was helping him, n friends, n xygen, n Sherpas with him and n guides. Stpping at an altitude where the bdy was rapidly deterirating (恶化) and where many deaths ccur was quite dangerus fr him. Hwever, ther climbers and guides just fcused n the summit, s that they didn’t ntice the Malaysian climber’s state.
Accrding t Nepali fficials, 12 peple have died, and five are missing n Qmlangma as the spring climbing seasn cmes t an end. Gelje, the Sherpa, said there were a few likely reasns why this seasn has been s deadly. The weather has been pr and extremely cld, and sme climbers lack experience r sufficient training fr such a high altitude.
Gelje was guiding a Chinese climber t the summit when he made the decisin that they wuld abandn their jurney t save the Malaysian climber.
It was nearly an impssible task: Gelje had t secure the climber t his back and carry him dwn 600 meters fr abut six hurs befre anther guide jined the rescue. They then tk turns carrying the climber, wrapped in a sleeping mat, smetimes having t drag him thrugh the snw, befre reaching a helicpter that carried them dwn t base camp.
The rescue, which tk place n May 18, 2023, was massively challenging. Gelje has previusly carried ut mre than 55 rescues during his wrk as a guide, sme very lng peratins, but he said the rescue was the hardest in his life.
4．When did Gelje meet the climber in danger?
A．During the jurney back t base camp.B．On the way t the tp f the munt.
C．During the rest in the “death zne”.D．After climbing the summit.
5．Why did thers ignre the climber in need f help?
A．They nly cared abut their arrival at the summit.
B．They lacked experience f helping peple.
C．They were at a dangerus altitude.
D．They didn’t knw the climber.
6．What d we knw abut Gelje frm the text?
A．He’s an experienced cach.B．He’s careful and skilled at climbing.
C．He’s a rescue wrker n Qmlangma.D．He’s irrespnsible fr the climber he led.
7．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．A Hard Rescue fr a ClimberB．A Difficult Task frm a Guide
C．A “Death Zne” Blcking ClimbersD．A Sad Decisin t Give Up Climbing
【答案】4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述了向导Gelje Sherpa在带领一名中国登山者冲顶珠穆朗玛峰的途中发现一名处境危险的登山者，他们放弃登顶并成功在“死亡地带”营救登山者的故事。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Gelje Sherpa was leading a Chinese climber up Munt Qmlangma when he sptted a Malaysian climber in need f help, and the tw men then abandned the summit (顶峰)in rder t rescue the Malaysian climber. (Gelje Sherpa在带领一名中国登山者攀登珠穆朗玛峰时，发现一名马来西亚登山者需要帮助，两人随后放弃了登顶以营救这位马来西亚登山者。)”以及第二段中“The Malaysian climber had ‘nthing’ and was n the brink (边缘) f death. (这位马来西亚登山者‘一无所有’，处于死亡的边缘。)”可知，Gelje发现这名处于危险中的马来西亚登山者时，他正在带领一名中国登山者攀登珠穆朗玛峰，两人随后放弃了登顶，以营救这位马来西亚登山者；由此可知，Gelje是在去山顶的路上遇到那个处于危险中的登山者的。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Gelje recalled that n ne was helping him, n friends, n xygen, n Sherpas with him and n guides. Stpping at an altitude where the bdy was rapidly deterirating (恶化)and where many deaths ccur was quite dangerus fr him. Hwever, ther climbers and guides just fcused n the summit, s that they didn’t ntice the Malaysian climber’s state.(Gelje回忆说，当时没有人帮助他，没有朋友，没有氧气，没有夏尔巴人陪伴，也没有向导。停在一个身体迅速恶化、死亡人数众多的高度，对他来说是相当危险的。然而，其他登山者和向导只是专注于顶峰，所以他们没有注意到马来西亚登山者的状态。)”可知，其他登山者和向导只是专注于攀登到达顶峰，因此没有注意到这名处于危险中的需要帮助的马来西亚登山者。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段“It was nearly an impssible task: Gelje had t secure the climber t his back and carry him dwn 600 meters fr abut six hurs befre anther guide jined the rescue. They then tk turns carrying the climber, wrapped in a sleeping mat, smetimes having t drag him thrugh the snw, befre reaching a helicpter that carried them dwn t base camp.(这几乎是一项不可能完成的任务：在另一名向导加入救援之前，Gelje必须将登山者固定在自己的背上，并将他背下600米，持续大约6个小时。然后，他们轮流抬着裹在睡袋里的登山者，有时不得不在雪地里拖着他，然后用直升机把他们带到大本营。)”以及最后一段“The rescue, which tk place n May 18, 2023, was massively challenging. Gelje has previusly carried ut mre than 55 rescues during his wrk as a guide, sme very lng peratins, but he said the rescue was the hardest in his life.(这次救援发生在2023年5月18日，极具挑战性。在担任向导期间，Gelje已经进行了55次以上的救援，其中一些救援时间很长，但他说这次救援是他一生中最艰难的一次。)”可知，作为一名珠穆朗玛峰登山向导，参加过很多次救援，这一次最艰难的一次，在这次救援过程中他将登山者固定在自己的背上，最终在另一位向导的帮助下救援成功；由此可知，Gelje是一位非常谨慎且技术娴熟的登山者。故选B。
7．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Gelje Sherpa was leading a Chinese climber up Munt Qmlangma when he sptted a Malaysian climber in need f help, and the tw men then abandned the summit (顶峰)in rder t rescue the Malaysian climber. They were in the ‘death zne’, an area near the summit f Munt Qmlangma where temperatures are extremely lw and where there isn’t enugh xygen t breathe.(Gelje Sherpa在带领一名中国登山者攀登珠穆朗玛峰时，发现一名马来西亚登山者需要帮助，两人随后放弃了登顶，以营救这位马来西亚登山者。他们身处‘死亡地带’，这是珠穆朗玛峰峰顶附近的一个区域，那里温度极低，没有足够的氧气可供呼吸。)”以及最后一段“The rescue, which tk place n May 18, 2023, was massively challenging. Gelje has previusly carried ut mre than 55 rescues during his wrk as a guide, sme very lng peratins, but he said the rescue was the hardest in his life.(这次救援发生在2023年5月18日，极具挑战性。在担任向导期间，Gelje已经进行了55次以上的救援，其中一些救援时间很长，但他说这次救援是他一生中最艰难的一次。)”可知本文主要讲述了向导Gelje在带领一名中国登山者攀登珠穆朗玛峰时在“死亡地带”营救一位马来西亚登山者的故事，Gelje已经进行了55次以上的救援，但是这次营救是最艰难的一次；由此可知，A选项“A Hard Rescue fr a Climber(一名登山者的艰难救援)”能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A。