2024届陕西省安康市高新中学安康中学高新分校高三下学期4月联考模拟预测英语试题（原卷版+解析版）

这是一份2024届陕西省安康市高新中学安康中学高新分校高三下学期4月联考模拟预测英语试题（原卷版+解析版），文件包含2024届陕西省安康市高新中学安康中学高新分校高三下学期4月联考模拟预测英语试题原卷版docx、2024届陕西省安康市高新中学安康中学高新分校高三下学期4月联考模拟预测英语试题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共35页， 欢迎下载使用。
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动；
用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试
卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
考试时间为120分钟，满分150分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Hw much did the wman pay fr the schlbag?
A₤ 100. B.₤ 75. C.₤25.
2. Where des the cnversatin take place?
A. In a restaurant. B. In a department stre. C. In a hspital.
3. Hw did the wman find ut the place?
A. She learned it n the Internet. B. She fund it n her way t wrk.
C. She knew abut it frm her clleague.
4. Why des the wman g t the hspital?
A. T bring a radi. B. T see a dctr. C. T visit a patient.
5. What will the wman's family d during the winter hliday?
A. G camping. B. G skating. C. G vlunteering.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题两个小题。
6. When will the man's math class begin?
A. At 9:00. B. At 11:00. C. At 2:30.
7. Why des the wman lk wrried?
A. She missed her math class. B. She left her math bk at hme.
C. She didn't prepare fr the math test.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题三个小题。
8 What are the speakers talking abut?
A. News. B. Fashin. C. Papers.
9. What des the wman think f news stries?
A. They are fairly accurate. B. There are s few f them. C. It's hard t judge their reliability.
10. Hw d peple in the man's cuntry get the news?
A. Frm TV. B. Frm the Internet. C. Frm the main bradcasting statins.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Why des the man lk unhappy?
A. His mbile phne explded. B. His mbile phne was stlen.
C. His mbile phne can't be charged.
12. What d we knw abut the wman's new slar watch?
A. It requires a battery. B. It's autmatic and safe. C. It stps wrking at night.
13. What des the man prbably plan t d next?
A. Buy a slar watch. B. Buy a rechargeable cell. C. Lk fr a slar mbile phne.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题三个小题。
14. Hw lng did the man wrk in a cmputer manufacturing cmpany?
A. Eight mnths. B. Furteen mnths. C. One and a half years.
15. What can we infer abut the man?
A. He is practical and particular. B. He was nce a leader in his team.
C. He has spent fur years wrking in sales.
16. What's the pssible relatinship between the speakers?
A. Interviewee and interviewer. B. Custmer and shpkeeper.
C. Bss and emplyee.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题四个小题。
17. What is the speaker mainly talking abut?
A. The achievement f Jhn Maslw. B. The histry f Maslw University.
C. The teachers clleges in Melburne.
18. Why did Jhn Maslw set up a teachers cllege?
A. He needed educatin. B. He used t be a teacher. C. He wanted t meet peple's demands.
19. What is said abut the Riversdale University?
A. It's far frm the city center. B. It's in the sutheast f the city center.
C. It's nly 1.5 kilmeters away frm Maslw University.
20. When was Maslw Teachers Cllege changed int Maslw University?
A. In 1848. B. In 1866. C. In 1868.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Castal Clean-ups Prgram
General Intrductin
Our prgram aims t develp appreciatin fr ur envirnment in ur participants by including fun int envirnmental educatin. Our prgram places great emphasis n experiential learning, which ffers ur participants the pprtunity t get clse t nature, enjy and value it while learning issue f litter pllutin, and the imprtance f individual wnership in ensuring envirnmental sustainability. Our prgram is well-suited in supprting the bjectives f Values-in-Actin ( VIA) prgrams fr schls. Ever wndered hw ur beaches lk withut the care f the cleaners? S please explre yurself thrugh the Castal Clean-ups Prgram and jin us in taking care f ur beaches. Gain insightful discvery n the cnsequences f cean pllutin, and its implicatins n ur marine envirnment, wildlife, and even us, humans.
Details
Lcatin:
This prgram is subjected t weather and tidal （潮汐的） cnditins. Please email us fr the available dates and mre infrmatin n the lcatin.
Duratin: 2 hurs
Grup Size: Maximum—60 participants
Equipment/Items needed:
·All materials needed fr the prgram will be prvided by ur prgram.
·Participants shuld bring their wn persnal water bttles and writing materials.
·Participants shuld wear cmfrtable utdr clthes with cvered shes.
Price: $10/per persn. Fr mre infrmatin, please cnsult via the fficial website f ur prgram.
Imprtant Nte:
●Available dates fr this prgram are subjected t tidal cnditins.
·The prgram cannt be cnducted in the event f bad weather.
·There is n wet-weather prgram. Please email us fr further enquiries.
1. What d we knw abut Castal Clean-ups Prgram?
A. It is specially designed fr schlars.
B. It is interesting as well as instructive.
C. It is part f schls’ VIA prgrams.
D. It cntributes t participants’ independence.
2. What can cause the cancellatin f the prgram?
A. Terrible weather.B. Shrtage f cleaning tls.
C. N cmfrtable utdr shes.D. Limited number f participants.
3. Where is the text prbably taken frm?
A An advertisement.B. A natural science magazine.
C. A research reprt.D. A schl-tur website.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了海岸清理活动的相关情况，包括活动的详细信息，包括时间、参与人数、所需物品以及价格等。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 “Our prgram aims t develp appreciatin fr ur envirnment in ur participants by including fun int envirnmental educatin.”（我们的计划旨在通过将乐趣融入环境教育中，培养参与者对环境的欣赏。）据此可知，该活动既有趣又富有教育意义。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据 Imprtant Nte 部分中“The prgram cannt be cnducted in the event f bad weather.”（如果天气不好，项目不能进行）可知，如果天气不好，这个项目就不能进行。故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了海岸清理活动的相关情况，包括活动的详细信息，包括时间、参与人数、所需物品以及价格等。故推断文章是一则广告。故选A项。
B
A wman in a cap wanders calmly alng. Except fr the lava (熔岩) erupting behind her, she culd be walking in the park. The wman turns t watch the mlten rck flw fr a mment then walks calmly tward the camera. The ftage(镜头) is frm Werner Herzg’s bk t vlcanes and vlcan hunters, Int the Infern, and the wman pictured is perhaps ne f the mst imprtant vlcanlgists f all time, Katia Krafft.
Brn in France, in 1942, Katia develped an interest in vlcanes at an early age. Later, she met Maurice Krafft. The pair bnded ver their shared lve f vlcanes befre marrying in 1970. The Kraffts wrte abut 20 bks n vlcanes acrss the glbe.
Katia and her husband made great prgress in educating the general public in vlcanlgy. Their ftage had mre than scientific value. Fr instance, when Munt Pinatub in the Philippines began t shw signs f an eruptin in 1991, the Kraffts were able t present Philippine President Cry Aquin with vide ftage f the effects f the 1985 eruptin f Nevad del Ruiz in Clmbia, asking him t call fr an evacuatin f thse in the danger zne.
In 1969, Katia was awarded the prize f the Vcatin Fundatin fr her wrk n active vlcanic sites.
The cuple lst their lives, alng with mre than 40 thers during the eruptin f Munt Unzen in Japan n June 3.1991. when they were caught in a flw f rck, gas and ash mving at speeds f ver 100 miles per hur, with temperatures f mre than 800 degrees Fahrenheit. Katia was 49; Maurice, 45.
Katia’s impact n vlcanlgy has reached far beynd her death and has encuraged many yung wmen t study ur restless planet. “Katia Krafft is definitely the reasn why I’m ding this jb,” says Carla Tirabschi, a pstdctral researcher at the University f Minster, Germany. Carla first saw Katia in a dcumentary when she was just six r seven years ld and has been crazy abut vlcanes ever since.
4. What can we infer frm the bk Int the Infern?
A. Its authr is Katia Krafft.B. It’s a bigraphy f Katia Krafft.
C. It calls n prtecting the envirnment.D. It fcuses n vlcanes and their explrers.
5. What d we knw abut the cuple?
A. They prevented a natural disaster.
B. They served as a warning in Japan.
C. They helped spread vlcan science.
D. They cvered Munt Pinatub’s eruptin.
6. Which can replace the underlined wrd “evacuatin” in paragraph 3?
A. Substance.B. Departure.C. Occupatin.D. Interventin.
7. Hw did Katia influence Carla Tirabschi?
A. Katia’s death made her restless.B. Katia helped her with her research.
C. Katia taught her t make a dcumentary.D. Katia’s deeds inspired her career chice.
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本篇是一篇记叙文。Katia Krafft是一位来自法国的火山学家。在那个火山研究并不成熟的年代，她几十年如一日地追逐着危险的活火山，留下了无数惊人的影像与图像档案。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The ftage is frm Werner Herzg’s bk t vlcanes and vlcan hunters, Int the Infern, and the wman pictured is perhaps ne f the mst imprtant vlcanlgists f all time, Katia Krafft.(这张镜头来自沃纳·赫尔佐的书《深入火心》，照片中的女人可能是有史以来最重要的火山学家之一，卡蒂亚·克拉夫特)”可推知，该书主要介绍火山科学家探索世界上火山的故事。故选D。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Katia and her husband made great prgress in educating the general public in vlcanlgy.(卡蒂亚和她的丈夫在对公众进行火山学教育方面取得了很大进展)”可知，这对夫妇帮助传播火山的科学知识。故选C。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“Fr instance, when Munt Pinatub in the Philippines began t shw signs f an eruptin in 1991, the Kraffts were able t present Philippine President Cry Aquin with vide ftage f the effects f the 1985 eruptin f Nevad del Ruiz in Clmbia, asking him t call fr an(例如，当菲律宾的皮纳图博火山在1991年开始出现喷发迹象时，克拉夫特一家向菲律宾总统阿基诺提供了1985年哥伦比亚内华达德尔鲁伊斯火山喷发影响的视频片段，请他下令进行一次)”及“thse in the danger zne(那些在危险地带的人)”可知，当火山有喷发迹象时，应让人们离开，疏散他们，evacuatin表示“疏散、离开”，与departure意思相近。故选B。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““Katia Krafft is definitely the reasn why I’m ding this jb,” says Carla Tirabschi, a pstdctral researcher at the University f Minster, Germany. Carla first saw Katia in a dcumentary when she was just six r seven years ld and has been crazy abut vlcanes ever since.(“卡蒂亚·克拉夫特绝对是我从事这项工作的原因，”德国明斯特大学的博士后研究员卡拉·蒂拉博斯基说。卡拉在六七岁的时候第一次在纪录片中看到卡蒂亚，从那以后她就对火山着迷了)”可知，Carla Tirabschi受Katia Krafft的事迹鼓舞，选择从事火山研究。故选D。
C
The Nrth Atlantic right whale is ne f the wrld’s mst endangered large whale species. Its ppulatin lss appears t be slwing. But scientists warn that the large sea animals still face threats.
The Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin (NOAA) says that by the early 1890s, cmmercial whalers almst destryed the species. They gt their name frm being the “right” whales t hunt because they flated when they were killed. Cmmercial whale fishing is n lnger a threat, but its ppulatin has never fully returned. They have been prtected fr many years nw.
Right whales primarily ccur in Atlantic castal waters n the cntinental shelf, althugh they als are knwn t travel far ffshre, ver deep water. They migrate seasnally and may travel alne r in small grups. In the spring, summer, and int fall, many f these whales can be fund in waters ff New England and further nrth int Canadian waters, where they feed and mate.
Recently, the Nrth Atlantic Right Whale Cnsrtium (NARWC) said the ppulatin decrease appears t have leveled ff. A strng birthing year in 2021, when 18 baby whales, r calves, were brn, kept whale ppulatin numbers up. Hwever, the rganizatin warned that the high number f deaths faced by whales frm getting caught in fishing equipment r struck by ships remains a majr prblem fr the whales.
“The news is less bad than it has been. My heart is a little less heavy, but certainly nt light r hpeful,” said Philip Hamiltn. “It shuldn’t be dependent n the whales t give birth t enugh calves t reverse what we’re ding t them.”
Scientists say as waters have warmed, the whales must travel utside f prtected areas f the cean in search f fd. That has left them pen t strikes with large ships and getting trapped in cmmercial fishing equipment. Thse are the biggest causes f early death.
Many fishermen have ppsed prpsed fishing restrictins that they fear wuld hurt their business. But envirnmental grups want new rules t save the species, including ne t make ships slw dwn fr whales.
8. What d we knw abut the Nrth Atlantic right whales?
A. They regard humans as their friends.B. They are easy t catch when they die.
C. Their ppulatin has fully returned recently.D. They are the largest sea animals in the wrld.
9. The third paragraph mainly tells us right whales’ ___________.
A. habitatsB. hbbiesC. behavirD. reprductin
10. What’s Philip Hamiltn’s attitude t the news f strng birthing year in 2021?
A. Favrable.B. Intlerant.C. Satisfied.D. Cmplex.
11. What des the text mainly talk abut?
A. Insufficient reprductin f right whales desn’t matter.
B. Fishing restrictins are in great need t be established.
C. New findings f right whales bring hpe fr scientists.
D. Threats remain thugh right whale number decrease slws.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. D 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北大西洋露脊鲸数量正在缓慢恢复的情况，以及这种动物的习性和面临的困境。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“They gt their name frm being the “right” whales t hunt because they flated when they were killed. (它们之所以得名，是因为它们是“合适的”鲸鱼，因为它们被杀死后会漂浮在水面上)”可知，北大西洋露脊鲸死后很容易被抓住。故选B。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Right whales primarily ccur in Atlantic castal waters n the cntinental shelf, althugh they als are knwn t travel far ffshre, ver deep water. They migrate seasnally and may travel alne r in small grups. In the spring, summer, and int fall, many f these whales can be fund in waters ff New England and further nrth int Canadian waters, where they feed and mate. (露脊鲸主要出现在大陆架上的大西洋沿岸水域，尽管众所周知它们也会游到离岸很远的深水区。它们季节性迁徙，可以单独旅行，也可以小群旅行。在春季、夏季和秋季，这些鲸鱼中的许多都可以在新英格兰附近的水域找到，并向北进入加拿大水域，在那里它们觅食和交配)”可知，第三段主要告诉我们露脊鲸的习性。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段““The news is less bad than it has been. My heart is a little less heavy, but certainly nt light r hpeful,” said Philip Hamiltn. “It shuldn’t be dependent n the whales t give birth t enugh calves t reverse what we’re ding t them.” (Philip Hamiltn说：“消息没有那么糟糕。我的心情不那么沉重了，但肯定不是轻松或充满希望。不应该依靠鲸鱼产下足够多的幼鲸来扭转我们对它们所做的一切”)”可推知，他对2021年生育强劲的消息持复杂态度。故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“The Nrth Atlantic right whale is ne f the wrld’s mst endangered large whale species. Its ppulatin lss appears t be slwing. But scientists warn that the large sea animals still face threats. (北大西洋露脊鲸是世界上最濒危的大型鲸鱼物种之一。其数量减少的速度似乎正在放缓。但科学家警告说，大型海洋动物仍然面临威胁)”，并结合文章主要介绍了露脊鲸数量正在缓慢恢复的情况，以及这种动物的习性和面临的困境可知，这篇文章主要讲了虽然露脊鲸数量减少的速度减缓，但威胁仍然存在。故选D。
D
What if “lking yur age” refers nt t yur face, but t yur chest? Osaka Metrplitan University scientists have develped an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) mdel that uses chest radigraphs (胸片) t accurately estimate a patient’s chrnlgical (按时间计算的) age. Mre imprtantly, when there is a difference, it can signal a crrelatin with chrnic (慢性) disease.
The research team, led by graduate student Yasuhit Mitsuyama and Dr. Daiju Ueda frm the Department f Diagnstic and Interventinal Radilgy at the Graduate Schl f Medicine, Osaka Metrplitan University, first cnstructed a deep learning-based AI mdel t estimate age frm chest radigraphs f healthy individuals. They then applied the mdel t radigraphs f patients with knwn diseases t analyze the relatinship between AI-estimated age and each disease. Given that AI trained n a single dataset is easy t verfitting (过度拟合), the researchers cllected data frm multiple institutins.
Fr the develpment, training, internal and external testing f the AI mdel fr age estimatin, a ttal f 67,099 chest radigraphs were btained between 2008 and 2021 frm 36,051 healthy individuals wh underwent health check-ups at three facilities. The develped mdel shwed a crrelatin cefficient (系数) f 0.95 between the AI-estimated age and chrnlgical age. Generally, a crrelatin cefficient f 0.9 r higher is cnsidered t be very strng.
T cnfirm the usefulness f AI-estimated age using chest radigraphs as a bi-marker(生物指标), an additinal 34,197 chest radigraphs were gathered frm 34,197 patients with knwn diseases frm tw ther institutins. The results revealed that the difference between AI-estimated age and the patient’s chrnlgical age was psitively crrelated with a variety f chrnic diseases, like high bld pressure. In ther wrds, the higher the AI-estimated age cmpared t the chrnlgical age, the mre likely individuals were t have these diseases.
“Chrnlgical age is ne f the mst critical factrs in medicine,” stated Mitsuyama. “Our results suggest that chest radigraphy-based apparent age may accurately reflect health cnditins beynd chrnlgical age. We aim t further develp this research and apply it t estimate the severity f chrnic diseases, t predict life expectancy, and t frecast pssible surgical cmplicatins.”
12. What is the significance f the new research abut AI?
A. It helps detect and intervene early disease.
B. It reveals the ptential principles f age differences.
C. It calculates the patient’s real age mre precisely than ever.
D. It helps dctrs treat patients with chest diseases.
13. Hw d the researchers get their result?
A. By taking chest X-rays.B. By using AI cmpletely.
C. By listing patients’ health data.D. By analyzing and assciating.
14. What message des the authr want t cnvey in the research?
A. Al’s single data easily lead t ver-predictin.
B. Chrnlgical age is related t chest rather than face.
C. A higher AI-estimated age suggests a chrnic disease.
D. Real age reflects health cnditins beynd AI-estimated age.
15. Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. AI Can Tell Yur True AgeB. Yu Are Healthy with AI
C. AI Discvers Yur IdentityD. Live Lnger by Using AI
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家们开发了一种先进的人工智能模型，该模型利用胸片估算个人的生理年龄。如果胸片显示的年龄比实足年龄越高，那么个人患有慢性病的可能性就越高。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Osaka Metrplitan University scientists have develped an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) mdel that uses chest radigraphs(胸片) t accurately estimate a patient’s chrnlgical (按时间计算的) age.(大阪城市大学的科学家们开发了一种先进的人工智能模型，该模型可以使用胸部X光片准确估计患者的实际年龄)”可知，人工智能的新研究比以往更精确地计算出病人的真实年龄。故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“They then applied the mdel t radigraphs f patients with knwn diseases t analyze the relatinship between AI-estimated age and each disease. Given that AI trained n a single dataset is easy t verfitting (过度拟合), the researchers cllected data frm multiple institutins.(然后，他们将该模型应用于已知疾病患者的X光片，以分析AI估计的年龄与每种疾病之间的关系。考虑到在单一数据集上训练的人工智能很容易过度拟合，研究人员从多个机构收集数据)”以及第三段“Fr the develpment, training, internal and external testing f the AI mdel fr age estimatin, a ttal f 67,099 chest radigraphs were btained between 2008 and 2021 frm 36,051 healthy individuals wh underwent health check-ups at three facilities.(为了开发、培训、内部和外部测试用于年龄估计的人工智能模型，在2008年至2021年期间，从在三个设施接受健康检查的36051名健康个体中获得了67099张胸部X光片)”和第四段“T cnfirm the usefulness f AI-estimated age using chest radigraphs as a bi-marker(生物指标), an additinal 34,197 chest radigraphs were gathered frm 34,197 patients with knwn diseases frm tw ther institutins.(为了证实使用胸片作为生物标志物的人工智能估计年龄的有效性，我们从另外两个机构收集了34197例已知疾病患者的另外34197张胸片)”可知，研究人员通过收集，分析并联系相关数据得到结果。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The results revealed that the difference between AI-estimated age and the patient’s chrnlgical age was psitively crrelated with a variety f chrnic diseases, like high bld pressure. In ther wrds, the higher the AI-estimated age cmpared t the chrnlgical age, the mre likely individuals were t have these diseases.(结果显示，AI估计年龄与患者实足年龄之间的差异与多种慢性疾病（如高血压）呈正相关。换句话说，与实足年龄相比，人工智能估计的年龄越高，个体患这些疾病的可能性就越大)”可知，较高的人工智能估计年龄提示患有慢性疾病。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Osaka Metrplitan University scientists have develped an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) mdel that uses chest radigraphs(胸片) t accurately estimate a patient’s chrnlgical (按时间计算的) age.(大阪城市大学的科学家们开发了一种先进的人工智能模型，该模型可以使用胸部X光片准确估计患者的实际年龄)”结合文章，主要说明了科学家们开发了一种先进的人工智能模型，该模型利用胸片估算个人的生理年龄。如果胸片显示的年龄比实足年龄越高，那么个人患有慢性病的可能性就越高。可知，A选项“人工智能可以告诉你的真实年龄”最符合文章标题。故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We’ve all been there: sitting at yur desk with an urgent deadline and a wandering mind. Despite yur best effrts, things are nt prgressing. Yu need t fcus n the task in frnt f yu. Yu’re mtivated t d it. But yu just can’t cncentrate. Here are ways t imprve fcus and cncentratin.
Get rid f distractins（分心的事）.
Hw d we fcus better if we are always bthered with infrmatin? Make a practice blcking time in yur schedule t d a specific task r activity. ___16___
Take a shrt break.
When yu fcus n smething fr a lng time, yur fcus may begin t die dwn. Yu may feel mre and mre difficulty devting yur attentin t the task.___17___ Taking very small breaks by refcusing yur attentin elsewhere can dramatically imprve mental cncentratin after that. The next time yu are wrking n a prject, take a break when yu begin t feel stuck.
___18___
It might feel cunterintuitive （反常的） when yu feel unable t cncentrate, but remember that yu chse where yu fcus. It’s tugh t cncentrate when yur mind is always in the past and wrrying abut the future. While it isn’t easy, make an effrt t let g f past events. Acknwledge the impact, what yu felt, and what yu learned frm it, then let it g.
Switch tasks.
While we may want t cncentrate n a particular task, smetimes we get stuck and ur brain needs smething fresh t fcus n.___19___ Switching tasks can help yu stay alert and prductive fr a lnger perid.
Set a daily pririty.
Write dwn what yu want t accmplish each day, ideally the night befre, and identify a single pririty that yu cmmit t accmplishing.___20___ Deal with the big jbs first and leaving the small stuff till later. Break large tasks int smaller bytes s that yu will nt be verwhelmed.
A. Chse t fcus n the mment.
B. Recgnize hw it is affecting yur life.
C. Decide what task yu want t cmplete.
D. This will help fcus yur brain n what matters.
E. Try turning t ther tasks r smething yu lve t d.
F. Researchers have fund that ur brains tend t ignre surces f cnstant stimulatin.
G. During this time, request that yu be left alne r g t a place where n ne disturbs yu.
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. A 19. E 20. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何提高注意力。
【16题详解】
根据本段主题句“Get rid f distractins(摆脱干扰)”可知，本段建议移除分心的事物，G项“在此期间，请要求你一个人呆着，或者去一个别人不太可能打扰你的地方”与本段主旨吻合。故选G项。
【17题详解】
下文“Taking very small breaks by refcusing yur attentin elsewhere can dramatically imprve mental cncentratin after that. (通过将注意力重新集中到其他地方来进行短暂的休息，可以极大地提高精神集中度)” 提到通过重新将注意力集中在其他方面的方法，与F项“研究人员发现，我们的大脑倾向于忽略持续刺激的来源”构成内容上的承接，指出可以通过将注意力重新集中到其他地方来进行短暂的休息，可以极大地提高精神集中度。故选F项。
【18题详解】
下文“It might feel cunterintuitive （反常的） when yu feel unable t cncentrate, but remember that yu chse where yu fcus. It’s tugh t cncentrate when yur mind is always in the past and wrrying abut the future. (当你感到无法集中注意力时，这可能会让你觉得违反直觉，但记住，你可以选择集中注意力的地方。当你总是想着过去，担心未来的时候，很难集中注意力)”可知，本段是讲集中注意力时不能总想着过去和未来，推断出应该选择集中在当下，A项“选择专注于当下”可作为本段主旨句。故选A项。
【19题详解】
上文“While we may want t cncentrate n a particular task, smetimes we get stuck and ur brain needs smething fresh t fcus n.(虽然我们可能想要专注于一项特定的任务，但有时我们会陷入困境，我们的大脑需要一些新鲜的东西来集中注意力)”说明虽然我们可能想专注于一项特定的任务，但有时我们会陷入困境，我们的大脑需要一些新鲜的东西来关注，E项“尝试切换到其他任务或你喜欢做的事情”起到承上启下的作用，和下文“Switching tasks can help yu stay alert and prductive fr a lnger perid.(切换任务可以帮助你在更长的时间内保持警觉和高效)”构成内容上的衔接。故选E项。
【20题详解】
上文“Write dwn what yu want t accmplish each day, ideally the night befre, and identify a single pririty that yu cmmit t accmplishing.(写下你每天想要完成的事情，最好是在前一天晚上，并确定一个你承诺要完成的优先事项)”，而D项中的“这将帮助你的大脑集中在重要的事情上”中的This指代的是上文的内容，构成内容上的衔接，指出提前写出想要完成事情的好处。故选D项。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Martin, a certified persnal trainer fr mre than 30 years, has became a Centers fr Disease Cntrl-certified prediabetes (糖尿病前期) lifestyle cach. He recently ___21___ a nnprfit, Fit2Give, t prvide free persnal training t ___22___ cmmunities. Nt everyne can attend a grup exercise class—sme need a ne-n-ne ___23___.
“The trainers will be paid; that’s why we’re taking ___24___,” Martin says. “We’re paying fr certificatin and we’re paying fr their ___25___ and their ability t establish a ___26___ relatinship with smene.”
Martin’s wn ___27___ t fitness started when he was yung. Later, he was attracted t weights and started visiting the gym. “While I was ___28___ at the gym, a supervisr suggested I take the exam and becme a trainer,” he ___29___. “They laned me their bk. I tk the exam. I _____30_____.”
Martin has a special _____31_____ in helping peple with prediabetes, which is at an increasing rate. S they’re really cncerned abut what’s ging n, _____32_____ in underserved cmmunities. “I decided t get _____33_____ in that area s I can bring that infrmatin t peple fr free,” he says. “We’ve prven that peple feel better, _____34_____ by being a little mre active and having smene with a caring interest t _____35_____ them.”
Helping t imprve the physical and mental health f thers brings Martin _____36_____. He remembers ne client wh lst 100 punds thrugh _____37_____ diet and exercise. “At her weigh-in, her family was there, and they came up t me in _____38_____ and said, ‘We thank yu s much. Our mm, she’s like a _____39_____ persn,’” Martin says. “It was _____40_____ t me that nt nly had I affected her, I had affected her family. That warmed my heart.”
21. A. launchedB. expandedC. assistedD. jined
22. A. unscheduledB. uncertainC. unexpectedD. underserved
23. A. examB. apprachC. battleD. call
24. A. risksB. chancesC. dnatinsD. measures
25. A. knwledgeB. attemptC. achievementD. talent
26. A. dangerusB. calmC. harmniusD. peaceful
27. A. pathB. secretC. keyD. slutin
28. A. carrying nB. hanging arundC. mving frwardD. wrking ut
29. A. bargainsB. recallsC. explainsD. cmplains
30. A. failedB. struggledC. passedD. declined
31. A. interestB. accuntC. eventD. mdel
32. A. frtunatelyB. especiallyC. literallyD. bviusly
33. A. managedB. educatedC. certifiedD. included
34. A. immediatelyB. preciselyC. slightlyD. simply
35. A. guideB. mnitrC. ccupyD. revise
36. A. jyB. prgressC. luckD. wealth
37. A. freeB. delayedC. cmmnD. imprved
38 A. ragsB. tearsC. painD. effrt
39. A. newB. strngC. caringD. gd
40. A. wrryingB. shckingC. amazingD. puzzling
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述30多年来，Martin一直致力于促进社区健康和健身的故事。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他最近成立了一个非营利组织Fit2Give，为服务不足的社区提供免费的个人培训。A. launched启动；B. expanded扩大；C. assisted协助；D. jined加入。根据空后的“a nnprfit, Fit2Give, t prvide free persnal training t 2 cmmunities”可知，此处指发起、成立一个组织，故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他最近成立了一个非营利组织Fit2Give，为服务不足的社区提供免费的个人培训。A. unscheduled未安排的；B. uncertain不确定的；C. unexpected意外的；D. underserved服务不足的。根据前文的“prvide free persnal training”可知，应是向服务不足的社区提供免费培训，故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不是每个人都能参加集体健身班——有些人需要一对一的方式。A. exam考试；B. apprach方法，方式；C. battle战斗；D. call呼叫。根据前文的“Nt everyne can attend a grup exercise class—sme need a ne-n-ne”可知，此处是指健身的方式，故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“培训师将获得报酬；这就是我们接受捐款的原因，”Martin 说。A. risks风险；B. chances机会；C. dnatins捐赠；D. measures措施。根据上文“a nnprfit, Fit2Give, t prvide free persnal training”以及空前的“The trainers will be paid”可知，Fit2Give组织免费提供培训，故是接受捐赠来给培训师报酬，故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们为他们的认证、他们的知识和他们与某人建立和谐关系的能力付费。A. knwledge知识；B. attempt尝试；C. achievement成就；D. talent才能。空处和“certificatin”以及“ability”并列，结合语境可知，培训师是因自己的证书、健身方面的知识和交际能力得到报酬，故选A。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们为他们的认证、他们的知识和他们与某人建立和谐关系的能力付费。A. dangerus危险的；B. calm平静的；C. harmnius和谐的；D. peaceful和平的。结合上文“We’re paying fr certificatin and we’re paying fr their 5 and their ability t establish a”和空后的“relatinship with smene”可知，培训师应是能与他人建立融洽和谐的关系而得到报酬。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Martin自己的健身之路从他年轻时就开始了。A. path道路；B. secret秘密；C. key关键；D. slutin解决方案。结合前文的“Martin, a certified persnal trainer fr mre than 30 years”以及空后“started when he was yung”可知，Martin从事健身教练超过30年，此处指他的健身之路从年轻时就开始了，故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：“当我在健身房锻炼的时候，一位主管建议我参加考试，成为一名教练，”Martin回忆道。A. carrying n继续；B. hanging arund闲逛；C. mving frward前进；D. wrking ut锻炼。根据空后的“at the gym”可知，此处指在健身房锻炼，故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“当我在健身房锻炼的时候，一位主管建议我参加考试，成为一名教练，”Martin回忆道。A. bargains讨价还价；B. recalls回忆；C. explains解释；D. cmplains抱怨。根据前文的“a supervisr suggested I take the exam and becme a trainer”可知，此处是Martin回忆自己是如何成为培训师的，故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我通过了。A. failed失败；B. struggled挣扎；C. passed通过；D. declined拒绝。根据前文的“Martin, a certified persnal trainer fr mre than 30 years”可知，Martin是一名拥有30多年从业经验的认证私人教练，所以Martin通过了考试。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Martin对帮助糖尿病前期患者特别感兴趣，糖尿病前期患者的比例正在上升。A. interest兴趣；B. accunt账户；C. event事件；D. mdel模型。根据后文的“in helping peple with prediabetes, which is at an increasing rate. S they’re really cncerned abut what’s ging n, ____12____ in underserved cmmunities.”可知，糖尿病前期患者的比例正在上升，所以他们真的很关心在服务不足的社区发生了什么。由此可见，Martin对帮助糖尿病前期患者特别感兴趣。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此他们非常关心正在发生的事情，特别是在服务不足的社区。A. frtunately幸运地；B. especially尤其，特别；C. literally字面上；D. bviusly明显地。根据前文的“in helping peple with prediabetes, which is at an increasing rate. S they’re really cncerned abut what’s ging n”和后文“in underserved cmmunities”可知，糖尿病前期患者的比例正在上升，因此他们非常关心正在发生的事情，特别是在服务不足的社区。故选B。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定在那个领域获得认证，这样我可以免费把这些信息带给人们。A. managed管理；B. educated教育；C. certified认证；D. included包括。根据后文的“in that area s I can bring that infrmatin t peple fr free”可知，Martin决定提升自己在糖尿病前期领域的专业知识，决定在那个领域获得认证。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们已经证明，简单地通过稍微多一点的活动，以及有一个关心他们的人来指导他们，人们感觉更好。A. immediately立即；B. precisely精确地；C. slightly轻微地；D. simply简单地，仅仅。根据后文的“by being a little mre active and having smene with a caring interest t15 them”可知，通过简单的方式就能有所改善。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经证明，简单地通过稍微多一点的活动，以及有一个关心他们的人来指导他们，人们感觉更好。A. guide指导；B. mnitr监控；C. ccupy占据；D. revise修订。根据前文的“He recently 1 a nnprfit, Fit2Give, t prvide free persnal training t ___2___ cmmunities. Nt everyne can attend a grup exercise class—sme need a ne-n-ne ___3___.”和“having smene with a caring interest t”可知，人们需要有人给予指导和帮助，所以Martin建立了这个组织。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：帮助改善他人的身心健康给Martin带来了快乐。A. jy快乐；B. prgress进步；C. luck运气；D. wealth财富。根据空前的“Helping t imprve the physical and mental health f thers brings”以及文章最后一句“That warmed my heart.”可知，Martin从帮助他人中获得了正面情感，这样做给他带来了快乐。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他记得有一位客户通过改进的饮食和锻炼减掉了100磅。A. free自由的；B. delayed延迟的；C. cmmn常见的；D. imprved改善的。根据前文“wh lst 100 punds”可知，减掉100磅体重，应是通过改善饮食和锻炼，故选D。
【38题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Martin说，“在她的称体重日，她的家人在那里，他们含着泪水向我走来，说：‘我们非常感谢你。我们的妈妈，她就像一个新的人。’”A. rags破布；B. tears眼泪；C. pain痛苦；D. effrt努力。根据后文“We thank yu s much.”可知，他们流着泪感谢Martin，in tears是固定短语“流泪”，故选B。
【39题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Martin说，“在她的称体重日，她的家人在那里，他们含着泪水向我走来，说：‘我们非常感谢你。我们的妈妈，她就像一个新的人。’”A. new新的；B. strng强壮的；C. caring关怀的；D. gd好的。结合上文“wh lst 100 punds”可知，减掉100磅的体重像是换了一个新的人，故选A。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：令我吃惊的是，我不仅影响了她，还影响了她的家庭。A. wrrying令人担忧的；B. shcking令人震惊的；C. amazing令人惊讶的，令人吃惊的；D. puzzling令人困惑的。根据后文“nt nly had I affected her, I had affected her family”可知，Martin不仅影响到了客户，也影响到了她的家人，Martin应是对此感到惊讶，故选C。
第二节（共10 小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Acupuncture (针灸), an ancient Chinese medical practice, has been a treatment fr cuntless patients fr thusands f years. Befre mdern medicine came ___41___ life, ancient Chinese peple used sharpened stne tls and bnes ___42___ (relieve) pain. Over time, this practice evlved int a cmprehensive and prfund medical system and shaped the rt f acupuncture.
Acupuncture is a treatment that aims t prmte the bdy’s self-regulating functins. Its treatment principles are ___43___ (basic) cnnected with the philsphical cncepts f traditinal Chinese medicine, ___44___ emphasizes verall treatment and adjustment, balance f bdily functins and physilgical well-being.
Practices can vary in frms, including needle insertin (针刺) , cupping and scraping. Needle insertin, the mst cmmn methd, ___45___ (carry) ut by inserting hair-thin needles int specific pints n the bdy. Practitiners may gently twist needles t unblck the flw f energy, restre yin and yang balance, and stimulate the bdy’s innate ptential t heal ___46___ (it) .
___47___ (lk) beynd China, acupuncture is becming mre and mre ppular. Over the past decades, acupuncture ___48___ (see) many advancements in scientific research and mdern medicine. It is nw a mainstream alternative and cmplementary treatment fr ___49___ variety f illnesses. Accrding t a 2019 WHO reprt, acupuncture is used in 113 f its 120 member cuntries, illustrating its widespread recgntin and applicatin.
As an ancient Chinese medical practice with a rich histry and deep cultural ____50____ (significant), acupuncture is expected t g further.
【答案】41. t 42. t relieve
43. basically
44. which 45. is carried
46. itself
47. Lking
48. has seen
49. a 50. significance
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了针灸这一古老的中国医学实践的历史、原理、实践方法以及其在全球范围内的应用情况。
【41题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：在现代医学出现之前，古代中国人使用磨尖的石器和骨头来缓解疼痛。固定短语cme t life，意为“出现、产生”，符合句意，其中t为介词。故填t。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在现代医学出现之前，古代中国人使用磨尖的石器和骨头来缓解疼痛。本句谓语为used，此处为非谓语动词，应用relieve“缓解”的不定式，作目的状语。故填t relieve。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：它的治疗原则基本与中医的哲学理念相联系，强调整体治疗和调节，身体功能的平衡和生理健康。空处用副词形式basically“基本上”，修饰空后的cnnected，作状语。故填basically。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：它的治疗原则基本与中医的哲学理念相联系，强调整体治疗和调节，身体功能的平衡和生理健康。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是traditinal Chinese medicine，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【45题详解】
考查动词语态、主谓一致。句意：针刺是最常见的方法，将头发细的针头插入身体的特定部位。这里为本句谓语动词，本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时；主语Needle insertin和动词短语carry ut之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is carried。
【46题详解】
考查代词。句意：针灸师可以轻轻捻针来疏通能量的流动，恢复阴阳平衡，刺激身体天生的自愈潜力。这里指的是上文的the bdy，用反身代词itself，作宾语。故填itself。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：放眼中国之外，针灸越来越受欢迎。本句谓语为is becming，此处为非谓语动词，应用lk的现在分词，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Lking。
【48题详解】
考查时态。句意：在过去的几十年里，针灸在科学研究和现代医学方面取得了许多进展。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“ver the past decades”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语acupuncture为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has seen。
【49题详解】
考查冠词。句意：它现在是一种主流的替代和补充治疗各种疾病。a variety f“各种各样的”为固定短语。故填a。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：针灸作为一种具有丰富历史和深厚文化意义的中国古老医学实践，有望走得更远。空处用名词significance，作with的宾语。故填significance。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（/）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My parents and I had a family visit in Xi’an, the ld city with a lng histry in China. We tasted the true hme-cked dishes in the hme in which we visited. Fr in-hming dinner, the hst wuld prepare a list f menus by advance. Our tur guide asked fr advices abut the fd, s the hst wuld try t ck what we chse t eat at his hme. We real enjyed the lcally cked dishes. What’s mre, the hst taught us what t make dumplings step by step. Thugh dumplings created with badly dressed appearance, we felt happy t enjy the fruits f ur labr. The family visit in Xi’an was a gd chance fr them t knw Chinese peple’s daily lifestyles and it was a lt mre excited than we had expected.
【答案】1.the→an
2.去掉which前的in
3.by→in
4. advices→advice
5.chse→chse
6.real→really
7.what→hw
8.created前加were
9.them→us
10.excited→exciting
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者叙述了和他的父母在西安旅游时的感受，他们住在当地人的家中，从而感受和体味了中国的饮食文化和生活方式。
【详解】1.考查冠词。句意：我的父母和我在西安进行了一次家庭游，西安是中国一个有着悠久历史的古老城市。根据句意，西安和古老城市是同位语，即西安是一个古老城市，ld city是可数名词单数，需用不定冠词修饰，因ld是以元音音素开头，故将the改为an。
2.考查定语从句。句意：我们在参观的人家品尝了真正的家常菜。hme在其后的定语从句中作visited的宾语，用关系代词which作引导词，故去掉in。
3.考查介词。句意：对于家庭晚餐，主人会提前准备一份菜单清单。in advance“提前”，固定短语，故将by改为in。
4.考查名词。句意：我们的导游询问了关于食物的建议，所以主人会尝试在他家做我们选择吃的东西。advice“建议”，为不可数名词，故将advices改为advice。
5.考查时态。句意同上。文章描述过去发生的事情，what引导的宾语从句用一般过去时，故将chse改为chse。
6.考查副词。句意：我们非常喜欢当地烹饪菜肴。修饰动词enjyed用副词really，作状语，故将real改为really。
7.考查疑问副词。句意：此外，主人教会了我们如何一步一步地做饺子。结合“t make dumplings step by step”可知，此处表示“如何一步一步地做饺子”，应用疑问副词hw和动词不定式搭配，故将what改为hw。
8.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：虽然饺子做得很丑，但我们很高兴享受我们的劳动成果。Thugh引导的状语从句中，主语dumplings与谓语create是被动关系，用被动语态，且描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，主语是复数，故created前加were。
9.考查代词。句意：在西安的家庭游是一个很好的机会，让我们了解中国人的日常生活方式，这比我们预期的要兴奋得多。根据前文的“we”可知，此处用宾格us作fr的宾语，故将them改为us。
10.考查形容词。句意同上。it指代前文提的the family visit，说明事物的特征，用exciting“令人兴奋的”，故填excited改为exciting。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52. 假定你是某国际学校学生李华，得知你校英文广播站栏目“Tales f China”正在招聘播音员，你对此很感兴趣。请按要求写一封英文自荐信，内容包括：
1.写信目的；
2.个人优势。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m Li Hua, a senir high student.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】范文：
Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m Li Hua, a senir high student. Learning that ur schl’s English radi statin’s clumn “Tales f China” needs a radi bradcaster, I’m writing t recmmend myself as a qualified candidate.
First f all, nt nly am I interested in bradcasting, but als I have taken part in many English activities in which I perfrmed well and gained rich experience. Besides, I have a cmmand f spken English and can cmmunicate with freigners fluently. S I think I am quite suitable fr the pst. I wuld appreciate it if yu culd give me a chance t wrk fr the schl radi statin.
I’m lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给校英文广播站栏目“Tales f China”写一封自荐信，申请成为栏目播音员。
【详解】1.词汇积累
需要：need→ want
首先：first f all → t begin with
参加：take part in→ participate in
机会：chance→ pprtunity
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Besides, I have a cmmand f spken English and can cmmunicate with freigners fluently.
拓展句：Besides, I have a cmmand f spken English, which means I can cmmunicate with freigners fluently.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First f all, nt nly am I interested in bradcasting, but als I have taken part in many English activities in which I perfrmed well and gained rich experience.（运用了nt nly开头引起的部分倒装句和介词+which引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】S I think I am quite suitable fr the pst.（运用了省略that的宾语从句）