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    专题05 2024年高考英语语法填空解题技巧

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    这是一份专题05 2024年高考英语语法填空解题技巧,共28页。试卷主要包含了如果考转化,如需要形容词,考查过去完成时,考查名词复数,考查非谓语动词,考查定冠词等内容,欢迎下载使用。
    \l "_Tc5533" Part2:有提示词 PAGEREF _Tc5533 \h - 3 -
    \l "_Tc21439" Part3:无提示词 PAGEREF _Tc21439 \h - 6 -
    \l "_Tc11770" Part 4:高考真题 PAGEREF _Tc11770 \h - 10 -
    \l "_Tc27609" 2021.6新高考一卷 PAGEREF _Tc27609 \h - 10 -
    \l "_Tc27963" 2021.6全国甲卷 PAGEREF _Tc27963 \h - 11 -
    \l "_Tc5640" 2021.6全国乙卷 PAGEREF _Tc5640 \h - 12 -
    \l "_Tc15093" 2021.6浙江卷 PAGEREF _Tc15093 \h - 14 -
    \l "_Tc15264" 2021.1浙江卷 PAGEREF _Tc15264 \h - 15 -
    \l "_Tc17144" 2020.7海南卷 PAGEREF _Tc17144 \h - 16 -
    \l "_Tc18900" 2020浙江卷7月 PAGEREF _Tc18900 \h - 18 -
    \l "_Tc29638" 2020浙江卷1月 PAGEREF _Tc29638 \h - 19 -
    \l "_Tc15056" 2020全国3卷 PAGEREF _Tc15056 \h - 20 -
    \l "_Tc21954" 2020全国2卷 PAGEREF _Tc21954 \h - 21 -
    \l "_Tc14506" 2020全国1卷 PAGEREF _Tc14506 \h - 22 -
    \l "_Tc10468" 2020山东卷(新高考) PAGEREF _Tc10468 \h - 23 -
    \l "_Tc12496" 2020北京卷 PAGEREF _Tc12496 \h - 24 -
    \l "_Tc25841" 2020.1上海卷 PAGEREF _Tc25841 \h - 26 -
    \l "_Tc9172" 2020.7上海卷 PAGEREF _Tc9172 \h - 27 -
    Part1:语法填空总述
    语法填空总述1
    解题步骤(宏观思路)
    第1步:分析词性(横线处应该填入什么词性。)
    (判断方式:句式结构;解题小公式)
    第2步:第1轮解题
    1、有提示词:(动名形副)
    给出单词词性与需求词性相同→考本身
    给出单词词性与需求词性不同→考转化
    2、无提示词 □介词 □冠词 □连词 □代词
    第3步:第2轮解题(分析考点口诀后→继续解题或复查)
    语法填空总述2
    考点口诀
    语法填空总述3
    解题小公式
    ① 名词短语:a/the + adj + n.
    举例:a helpful student
    ② 介词短语:介 + n.
    举例:n a table
    ③ 介词短语加长版:(公式①+②的混合)
    介 + a/the + adj + n.
    举例:n a big table
    【说明】三个公式主要用于动、名、介、冠题。至于具体的运用,后面会有讲解,但是首先要把这三个公式记住。
    Part2:有提示词
    (动、名、形、副)
    【注】指括号里所给单词的词性
    动词(1-4个)
    1、考本身:如果横线处需要动词,括号里给的也是动词,即考本身。需要进一步判断到底需要谓语动词,还是非谓语动词。
    ①缺谓语动词,需要注意时态和语态(被动)的变化。
    【注意】祈使句要用动词原形(2016年全国2卷唯一的一次)
    ②缺非谓语动词,需要确定是t d, ding还是dne的形式。
    【注意】 介词+ding是重点
    2、考转化:括号里是动词,但是横线处需要其它词,即考转化
    如横线处需要名词,需要把动词转化成名词。
    动词题(考本身)解题法(总结)
    动词题(考转化)解题法
    【出题方向】动词转化n.或adj.
    【出题模型】(不用记,只需要理解)
    ① a/the + adj (d)+ n. (d)
    ② 介 + n. (d)
    ③ 介词+a/the + adj (d)+ n. (d)
    名词
    1、考本身:单复数的变化 ( ★★★★★)
    2、考转化:变成需要的其它词性
    考法举例
    括号给出friend
    1.如果考本身:答案为 。
    2.如果考转化,如需要形容词:答案为 。
    名词题解法:小公式解题
    形容词、副词
    1、考本身:比较级或最高级。
    2、考转化:形容词与副词的相互转化;形副与动、名词的转化。
    考法举例
    比如括号里给出happy,
    ①考本身可填 , ;
    ②考转化可填 , 。
    考副词套路一
    出题原理:副词可修饰形容词。
    出题方向:在主系表结构里考查副词。
    举例:
    【原句】She is very beautiful.= She is extremely beautiful.
    【出题】She is (extreme)beautiful.
    【诀窍】要找到真正的主系表结构。
    考副词套路二
    出题原理:副词可修饰动词。
    出题方向: “助动词1+助动词2+动词”中间加上副词
    举例:
    【原句】一直在跑
    【加副词】一直在飞快地跑 have been quickly running 或者have quickly been running
    【出题】have been (quick )running 或者have (quick) been running
    【诀窍】要能识别谓语结构,以及这种考题模型。
    单句语法填空
    1.(2018·全国I卷) A taste fr meat is (actual) behind the change: An imprtant part f its crn is used t feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
    【答案】actually
    【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。这里需填副词来修饰谓语动词is。
    (2018˙11月渐江高考) (recent ), caffeine has fund its way int range, apple, and ther flavred drinks.
    【答案】recently
    【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。此处应该用recent的副词形式来做全句的时间状语,故填recently。
    3.(2016・全国I卷) The title will be (fficial)given t me at a ceremny in Lndn.
    【答案】fficially
    【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。此处应该 用副词来修饰动词given,故填fficially。
    4.(2016・全国I卷) Recent studies shw that we are far mre prductive at wrk if we take shrt breaks
    (regular)
    【答案】regularly
    【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。空格处修饰动词短语take shrt breaks,故用副词。regular的副词形式是regularly。
    5.(2015・广东高考) (lucky ),he als had a cw which prduced milk every day.
    【答案】luckily
    【解析】考查词性转换之形容词转化为副词。此处用副词做状语修饰全句。句意:幸运的是他还有一头可以每天产奶的奶牛。
    Part3:无提示词
    介冠题(解题小公式)
    a/the + adj + n.
    介 + n.
    介 + a/the + adj + n. (①+②的混合)
    介冠题(固定搭配)
    介词题:动词+介词 如get n
    冠词题:如as a result
    连词(1-4个)
    并列连词,从句
    (2018全国III卷)I was searching these three western lwland grillas I'd been bserving.
    【答案】fr
    【解析】考查介词。search fr意为“寻找”,为固定搭配。
    真题精练
    1. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·70) The plum trees are _______ first t flwer even as the snw is melting (融化).
    2. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·69) Of _____ nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six are stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.
    3. (2019年全国Ⅱ卷·69) When we gt a call saying she was shrt-listed, we thught it was ____ jke.
    4. (2018年全国Ⅱ卷·62) Crn prductin has jumped nearly 125 percent ver ____ past 25 years, while rice has increased nly 7 percent.
    5. (2018年全国Ⅲ卷·62) Unexpectedly, I’m face-t-face with the grilla, wh begins screaming at _____ tp f her lungs.
    ①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) But my cnnectin with pandas ges back ________ my days n the TV shw in the mid­1980s, ...
    分析:考查固定搭配中的介词。g back t为固定搭配,意为“追溯到……”。故答案为t。
    ②(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are nw cld enugh t cl the huse during the ht day; ________ the same time, they warm up again fr the night.
    分析: at the same time意为“同时”,是一个固定词组。故填at。
    ③(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Fr thse wh fly t Guilin, it's nly an hur away ________ car and ffers all the scenery f the better­knwn city.
    分析:乘坐交通工具可用by表达,而且名词原形前不用冠词。故填by。
    连词题解题逻辑图
    代词
    注意:可以给提示词,也可以不给提示词
    代词——给提示词
    解题:四选一
    代词——不给提示词
    解题:填it(90%)或ne
    难点:如何判断此考点?
    判断原理:代词是名词的替身。
    两个条件
    ①首先判断:填空处需要名词。
    有给提示词。
    【快速解题】形式主语,形式宾语和强调句中的it
    代词题总结
    Part 4: 高考真题
    2021.6新高考一卷
    Ging t Munt Huangshan reminds me f the ppular Beatle's sng "The Lng and Winding Rad". 1 is s breathtaking abut the experience is the ut-f-this-wrld scenes. The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we 2 (human) are.
    The ht spring at the ft f the muntain is smething yu must try after the climb. It will 3 (undubted) help yu get refreshed! The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the 4 (ht) the spring! Strange, isn't it? But that's hw nature is—always leaving us 5 (astnish).
    What cmes next is the endless series f steps. Yu can't help wndering hw hard it 6 (be) fr the peple then t put all thse rcks int place. Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure 7 ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur 8 (ache) legs.
    As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitr's memry. It sure des in 9 (I). While yu're in China, Munt Huangshan is 10 must t visit!
    【答案】What ; humans ; undubtedly ; htter ; astnished ; was ; and ; aching ; mine ; a
    【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,去游览黄山时,作者想起甲壳虫乐队的流行歌曲《蜿蜒长路》,这条漫长而曲折的道路永远留在游客的记忆中。
    【解析】1: 考查名词性从句。分析题目,空格处无提示词。分子句子结构可知,_____is s breathing abut the experience 作 is 的主语,为主语从句。从句中缺少主语,指代事情;且空格位于句首。故填What。
    2: 考查名词。分析句子结构可知,空处所填词应该作 we 的同位语,故应该填名词的复数形式。故填humans。
    3: 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,空格所填词应该修饰动词help,故应用副词形式。Undubted 变副词,直接在词尾加ly。故填undubtedly。
    4: 考查形容词比较级。分析句子结构可知,此处考查 the mre… the mre… 的固定用法;所以空格处应填形容词的比较级。故填htter。
    5: 考查非谓语动词。此句中含有 "leave sb./sth. + adj." 结构, 表示 "使……处于某种状态" 。因为宾语us与动词astnish为被动关系,此处应该过去分词形容词astnished作宾语补足语,说明人的感受,意为 "感到吃惊的"。故填astnished。
    6: 考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,此处应该填谓语动词。根据空后的提示词then可知,表示当时的情况,故此处谓语动词应用一般过去时;从句主语为it,是第三人称单数形式。故填was。
    7: 考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,两个谓语动词highlights和ffers之间缺少连接词进行连接;同时,两个动作间为并列关系,所以应填并列连词。故填and。
    8: 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,因为名词legs与动词ache为主动关系,所以此处应该填现在分词作定语修饰 legs。故填aching。
    9: 考查代词。根据提示词可知,句意为:这首歌必定会留在我的记忆中。句中it指代the sng, des指代动词sticks,空格处应指 my memry, 为了避免重复,用名词性物主代词来代替 "形容词性物主代词 + 名词"。故填mine。
    10: 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知,must 为名词,表示 "必须的事" ,所以前应用冠词,且无特指。故填a。
    2021.6全国甲卷
    The Xi'an City Wall is the mst cmplete city wall that has survived China's lng histry. It 1 (build) riginally t prtect the city 2 the Tang dynasty and has nw been cmpletely restred(修复). It is pssible 3 (walk) r bike the entire 14 kilmeters.
    We accessed the wall thrugh the Suth Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and frm here yu can see streams f peple mving inside and utside the City Wall.
    After 4 (spend) sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what 5 (gd) than t ride n a piece f histry!
    We 6 (hire) ur bikes frm the rental place at the Suth Gate. My bike was ld and shaky 7 did the jb. It tk us abut 3 hurs t g all 8 way arund the Xi'an City Wall. Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and 9 (watchtwer) t take pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their 10 (day) rutines.
    【答案】was built ; in ; t walk ; spending ; better ; hired ; but ; the ; watchtwers ; daily
    【文章大意】本文是一篇小游记,作者向我们简要地介绍了西安古城墙以及他自己骑自行车游完整个城墙的所见所闻。
    【解析】1:考查动词的时态/语态以及主谓一致。根据句子结构可知,空格填写谓语动词, 又因it指代前面The Xi'an City Wall,和build是被动关系,且是在 the Tang dynasty被建立,故用过去式的被动语态。本句句意:它最初是在唐代为保护这座城市而建的,现在已经完全修复。故填was built。
    2 :考查介词。在唐朝the Tang dynasty,是段时间,故填 in。
    3 :考查非谓语动词。本句是典型的It is adj. + t d的形式,故填 t walk 。
    4 :考查非谓语动词。After 介词后加ding形式,故填spending。
    5 :考查形容词的词性转换。根据句中 "than" 可知,应该填写形容词的比较级的形式,故填better。
    6 :考查动词的时态。根据句子的结构可知空格应该填写谓语动词,根据后文My bike was ld可知, 应该为过去的时态,主语为we, 为主动语态,故填hired。
    7 :考查连词。此处表示我的自行车又旧又晃,后面能用。所以是转折的关系,故填but。
    8 :考查冠词。 all the way 为固定搭配,意为 "自始自终,一路上" 。故填the。
    9 :考查名词。根据句子结构, and 前后一致, and前是the different gates,名词的复数形式,所以空格也应该是名词的复数形式。故填watchtwers。
    10 :考查形容词。此处表示 "观察当地人的日常生活" ,修饰rutines, 故用形容词,故填daily。
    2021.6全国乙卷
    Ecturism is cmmnly regarded as lw impact (影响)travel t undisturbed places. It is different frm traditinal turism because it allws the traveler t becme 1 (educate) abut the areas—bth in terms f gegraphical cnditins and cultural characteristics, and ften prvides mney fr cnservatin and benefits the 2 (develp) f the lcal areas.
    Ecturism has 3 (it) rigin with the envirnmental mvement f the 1970s. It was nt widely accepted as a travel cncept 4 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing envirnmental awareness made it desirable.
    Due t 5 grwing ppularity f envirnmentally-related and adventure travel, varius types 6 trips are nw being classified as ecturism. Actually, a true ec-friendly trip must meet the fllwing principles:
    ●Minimize the impact f 7 (visit) the place.
    ●Build respect fr and awareness f the envirnment and cultural practices.
    ●Prvide 8 (finance) aid and ther benefits fr lcal peples.
    ●Make sure that the turism prvides psitive experiences fr bth the visitrs and the hsts.
    Kmd Natinal Park, fficially recgnized in 1980, is ppular fr ecturism because f its unique bidiversity. 9 (activity) there range frm whale watching t hiking (远足) and accmmdatins aim 10 (have) a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
    【答案】educated ; develpment ; its ; until ; the ; f ; visiting ; financial ; Activities ; t have
    【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,本文向读者简要介绍了以生态环境为主要景观的旅游起源和特点。
    【解析】
    1 :考查形容词作表语。根据空前为becme可知,空格处所填词应作becme的表语。句意:这与传统的旅游业不同,因为它可以使游客了解到这些区域的一些知识。故填educated。
    2 :考查名词作宾语。根据空前冠词the和空后介词f可知,空格应填名词。句意:……并且对于当地地区的发展有益。故填develpment。
    3: 考查形容词性物主代词。空格所填词与空后的rigin一起作has的宾语;同时与空后的rigin构成限定关系,因此应填形容词物主代词。句意:生态旅游业起源于20世纪70年代的环保运动。故填its。
    4: 考查时间介词。根据空前有nt可知,此处until与nt一起构成固定用法nt… until,意为 "直到……才……" 。句意:直到20世纪80年代后期,它才作为一种旅游概念被广泛接受。故填until。
    5: 考查定冠词。空格处所填词与空后的grwing ppularity f…一起作t的宾语,构成the grwing ppularity f…的固定用法。句意:因为与环境相关的且有冒险性的旅行越来越流行……。故填the。
    6: 考查介词。根据空格前后为名词并具有所属关系。句意:……各种各样的旅行被归类于生态旅行。故填f。
    7: 考查非谓语动词。分析题目,句子中已经有一个谓语动词,判断空格处填非谓语动词。空处作介词f的宾语,所以应使用动名词作介词宾语。句意:最小化参观一个地方的影响。故填visiting。
    8: 考查形容词。空前为动词,空后为名词,故判断此空填形容词形式修饰后面的名词aid。因此应使用finance的形容词形式financial。句意:为当地居民提供经济帮助和其他益处。故填financial。
    9: 考查可数名词复数。空格所填词作主语,同时谓语动词range为非三单形式,因此应使用名词复数形式。句意:那里有从鲸鱼观赏到远足等活动……。故填Activities。
    10: 考查非谓语动词。分析题目,句子中已经有一个谓语动词,判断此处填非谓语动词。aim t d sth,意为 "目的在于做某事" ,因此应填不定式形式。句意:……并且食宿是为了对自然环境有小的影响。故填t have。
    2021.6浙江卷
    It desn't impress like Gerge Washingtn's plantatin n the Phmac, but Lincln's hme in dwntwn Springfield, Illinis, 1 (prve) irresistible t visitrs since it pened t the publie. Beautifully restred(修复)tp its 1860 appearance, the huse was Abraham and Mary Lincln's hme fr 17 years. In 1844 they bught it 2 $ 1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their 3 (marry) ceremny in 1842.
    When the huse was built, it was much 4 (small) than it is tday. Mary's niece wrte, pretty, "The little hme 5 (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary lved it. She was extremely pretty, and her huse was a reflectin f 6 (she), everything in gd taste and in perfect rder."
    Althugh Mary lved flwers, 7 she nr her husband was knwn as a gardener. A lng-time neighbr said they never planted trees and nly kept a garden fr ne year. Mary's sister, Frances Tdd Wallace, ften came ver 8 (plant) flwers in the frnt yard.
    9 Linclns enlarged the huse t a full tw stries in 1856 t meet the needs f their grwing family. Three f the fur Lincln sns were brn here. After Lincln was elected President f the US in 1861, they rented the huse and 10 (sell) mst f their furniture.
    【答案】has prved 或 has prven ; fr ; marriage ; smaller ; was painted ; herself ; neither ; t plant ; The ; sld
    【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了在伊利诺伊州的首府斯普林菲尔德市中心林肯的家的相关情况。
    【解析】
    1.考查现在完成时。结合句中since一词,可以判断句子的谓语应该用现在完成时。句意:自从它开放后,林肯的家已经证明是让游客们不可抵挡地想去参观的。
    2 :考查介词。buy sth. fr +价格,表示以什么价格购买某物。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格购买了这个房子和一些地。
    3 :考查名词。此题考查动词变名词,marry→marriage,这里表示结婚仪式。句意:Charles Dresser 于1842年在这里举行了他们的结婚仪式。
    4 :考查形容词的比较级,句中有than这个提示词,much修饰比较级。句意:当房子建好时,它比现在要小得多。
    5 :考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:这个小房子被粉刷成白色。房子被粉刷,所以用被动。动作发生在过去,所以用一般过去时。
    6 :考查反身代词。句意:她非常漂亮,并且她的房子就是她的写照,每件东西都摆放整齐,品味也很好。
    7 :考查连词,neither…nr…,既不……也不…(两者都不)。句意:虽然玛丽喜欢花,但是她和她的丈夫都没有以园艺者而著称。
    8 :考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:玛丽的妹妹经常来拜访,在前院里种些花。
    9 :考查定冠词the,the Linclns 林肯一家人。the+姓氏的复数,表示一家人。句意:林肯一家人在1856年把房子扩建为一栋二楼,以满足他们日益增长的家人的需求。
    10 :考查一般过去时。句意:1861年,林肯被选举为国家总统后,他们租了房子并且卖掉了大部分的家具。rent和sld为并列谓语,用and连接,所以都用一般过去时。
    2021.1浙江卷
    In a study f 33 years f trends in Bdy Mass Index(体重指数)acrss 200 cuntries the scientists fund that peple wrldwide are getting heavier 1 that mst f the rise is due t gains in BMT in rural areas.
    BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl 2 gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 3 (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 4 (cnsider) healthy.
    The study fund that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 5 2.1 in wmen and men. In cities, hwever, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in wmen and 1.6 in men.
    The researchers described "striking changes" in the gegraphy f BMI. In 1985, urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries 7 (study) had higher BMIs than men and wmen in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural peple in many cuntries had narrwed 8 (sharp).
    This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple 9 (live) in the cuntryside, including 10 (lw) levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.
    【答案】and ; that 或 which ; persn's ; is cnsidered ; by ; was ; studied ; sharply ; living ; lwer
    【解析】1 :文章大意:介绍了一项关于体重指数的研究,描述了不同时期城乡体重指数的差异及其背后的原因。考查连词。句意:科学家人们发现人们越来越胖了,这个现象背后的原因是偏远地区人们体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知that peple wrldwide are getting heavier和that mst f the rise is due t gains in BMI in rural areas.都是fund引导的宾语从句,是并列关系,故答案为and。
    2 :考查关系代词。句意:BMI是全球公认的表示体重是否处于健康状态的测量工具。分析句子结构可知gives an indicatin f whether smene is a healthy weight.是BMI is an internatinally recgnized measurement tl的定语从句,先行词为tl, 故答案为that/which。
    3 :考查名词所有格。句意:BMI的计算方式是用人的体重数(以千克为单位)除以身高数(以米为单位)的平方。分析句子结构It is calculated by dividing a (persn) weight可知weight和persn是从属关系。故答案为persn's。
    4 :考查被动语态。句意:介于19-25的BMI数值被认为是健康的。分析句子结构a BMI f between 19 and 25 (cnsider) healthy.可知 Cnsider做谓语,主语是单数,根据句意谓语动词应为被动且时态为一般现在时,故答案为 is cnsidered。
    5 :考查介词。句意:研究发现1985-2017年间,男人和女人BMI的平均数值上升了2.1。increase by+数值表示增长了多少,故答案为by。
    6 :考查系动词。句意:然而在城市里,女人增长数值是1.3,男人增长为1.6。分析句子结构可知主the gain是单数且该句陈述过去研究数据时态为一般过去时,故答案为was。
    7 :考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,这个国家3/4的城市里的被调查男女的BMI值比偏远山区的男女数值高。分析句子结构可知study做urban men and wmen in mre than three quarters f the cuntries的定语,动词分词做定语与逻辑主语是被动关系,故答案为 studied。
    8 :考查副词。句意:30年后,很多国家的BMI数值的城乡差异急剧下降。根据句子结构可知the BMI difference… had narrwed (sharp). 修饰动词narrw要用副词,故答案为 sharply。
    9 :考查非谓语动词。句意:这可能是因为住在乡村的人们的条件不好。分析句子结构可知 live in the cuntryside是peple的后置定语,动词分词作定语且live与逻辑主语peple是主动关系, 故答案为living。
    10 :考查形容词比较级。句意:乡下的人条件差一些,包括更低的收入和教育水平,更高的健康食物花销和更少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知levels f incme and educatin与higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities. 是并列关系,前后结构要一致由higher和fewer可知lw要用形容词比较级,故答案为lwer。
    2020.7海南卷
    These days, it is nt unusual fr 10- t 12-year-lds t publish their wn websites r fr secnd and third graders 1 (begin) cmputer classes. At the same time, cmputer games are becming increasingly ppular as majr publishing huses cntinue t develp 2 (educatin) cmputer prgrams fr children in preschl. Als, technlgical knw-hw has becme a 3 (require) fr mst jbs in an increasingly digital wrld, as the cmputer has becme a cmmn tl in mst 4 (prfessin).
    The Digital Wrld is a set f vlumes 5 aim t describe hw digital systems influence sciety and help readers understand the nature f digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each vlume in the set explres 6 wide range f material, explains the basic cncepts f majr applicatins f digital systems, 7 discusses the influences they have n everyday life. Because the number f pssible tpics 8 (be) practically limitless, we fcus n a sample f the mst interesting and useful applicatins and tls and explain the basic principles f technlgy. Readers 9 (encurage) t cntinue explring the digital wrld with the guidance f 10 (we) Further Resurces sectin featured in each vlume.
    【答案】t begin ; educatinal ; requirement ; prfessins ; that 或 which ; a ; and ; is ; are encuraged ; ur
    【解析】1 :本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《数字世界》丛书的出版的背景和目的等方面信息。考查非谓语动词。句意:如今, 10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站,二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课,这些都很常见,本题考查'lt is + adj. + fr sb. t d sth.结构,该结构it作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式,故答案为:t begin。
    2 :考查形容词。句意:与此同时,电脑游戏越来越受欢迎,主要出版社继续为学前儿童开发教育电脑程序。修饰名词cmputer prgrams,前用形容词形式,故答案为:educatinal。
    3 :考查名词,句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具,动词becme后接名词作宾语,根据前面的不定冠词a可知,用名词的单数形式,故答案为:requirement。
    4 :考查名词的数。句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。名词prfessin为可数名词,根据前面的mst修饰可知用复数形式,故答案为:prfessins。
    5 :考查定语从句。句意:《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为vlumes,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导,故答案为:that/which。
    6 :考查冠词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念,并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响,a range f一套,一系列,wide是以辅音音来发音开头,所以用不定冠词a。故答案为:a。
    7 :考查连词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念,并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响,前后句为并列关系,所以用连词and,故答案为:and。
    8 :考查主谓一致。句意:因为可能的主题的数量几乎是无限的,所以我们关注最有趣和最有用的应用程序和工具的一个示例,并解释技术的基本原理。 the number f….数量,后接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用单数。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时,故答案为:is。
    9 :考查语态,句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语Readers与encurage之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时,故答案为:are encuraged。
    10 :考查代词。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词Further Resurcessectin,前用形容词性物主代词。故答案为:ur。
    2020浙江卷7月
    Sme time after 10, 000 BC, peple made the first real attempt t cntrl the wrld they lived 1 , thrugh agriculture. Over thusands f years, they began t depend less n 2 culd be hunted r gathered frm the wild, and mre n animals they had raised and crps they had swn.
    Farming prduced mre fd per persn 3 hunting and gathering, s peple were able t raise mre children. And, as mre children were brn, mre fd 4 (need). Agriculture gave peple their first experience f the pwer f technlgy 5 (change)lives.
    By abut 6000 BC, peple 6 (discver)the best crps t grw and animals t raise. Later, they learned t wrk with the 7 (seasn), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 8 (make)use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
    This style f farming lasted fr quite a lng time. Then, with 9 rise f science, changes began. New methds 10 (mean)that fewer peple wrked in farming. In the last century r s, these changes have accelerated. New pwer machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥) have nw ttally transfrmed a way f life that started in the Stne Age.
    【答案】:in ; what ; than ; was needed ; t change ; had discvered ; seasns ; making ; the ; meant
    解析:1.文章大意:文章讲述了人类农业文明的发展史。考查介词。句意:公元前一万年后的一段时间内,人们第一次真正地试图通过农业控制他们所居住的世界。分析句子结构可知they live in作the wrld的定语,live in the wrld居住在地球上,故填in。
    2.考查名词性从句。句意:几千年来,他们开始越来越少地依赖于从野外狩猎或采集什么,而更多地依赖于他们饲养的动物和他们播种的庄稼。分析句子结构可知本句为宾语从句该从句缺主语,根据句意可知表示……的东西,用what,故填what。
    3.考查介词。句意:农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。前面有mre,此处进行比较,故填than。
    4.考查被动语态和一般过去时。句意:出生的人口数越多,需要的食物也就越多。此处作谓语,食物和需要之间是被动关系,结合前面were,此处用被动语态的过去式,故填was needed。
    5.考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。该句子谓语是gave,故change作非谓语,表示目的补充,用不定式,故填t change。
    6.考查过去完成时。句意:到公元前6000年,人们发现了最适合种植的农作物和饲养的动物。By+过去的时间,截止到过去,所以用过去完成时。故填had discvered。
    7.考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会了与季节相适应,适时播种,在干旱地区利用每年的洪水灌溉农田。结合句意,一年有四季,结合季节来播种,所以用复数。故填seasns。
    8.考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了与季节相适应,适时播种,在干旱地区利用每年的洪水灌溉农田。此处make没有连词并列,也不是从句谓语,故作非谓语。与and前的planting并列,故填making。
    9.考查定冠词。句意:随着科技的崛起,改变就此发生。后面有f限定,故此处是指定的上升,用定冠词the,故填the。
    10.考查一般过去时。句意:新手段意味着在农场工作的人减少了。此处作谓语,结合前一句话的began和本句话的wrked,可知是一般过去时,陈述过去发生的事实或过去的看法评价,故填meant。
    2020浙江卷1月
    Smething significant is happening t the wrld ppulatin-it is aging. The median (中位数的)age f an American in 1950 1 (be)30—tday it is 41 and is expected 2 (increase)t 42 by 2050. Fr Japan, the 3 (number)are mre striking-22 in 1950, 46 tday and 53 in 2050. In 2015, ne in 12 peple arund the wrld were ver 65; by 2050, it will be ne in six.
    This aging f the ppulatin is driven 4 tw factrs. The first is declining birth races, which means ld generatins are larger 5 (cmpare)t yunger generatins, and s, n average, the ppulatin becme 6 (ld)than befre. This is 7 (particular)true in the US. The secnd reasn is that peple are living lnger. A child brn in the US tday has 8 very realistic chance f living beynd 100 and needs t plan accrdingly.
    Peple tend t fcus n the first factr. Hwever, greater attentin shuld 9 (place)n lngevity(长寿). It isn't just that peple are, n average, living lnger. It's als that they are n average healthier 10 mre prductive fr lnger. Therefre, they can wrk fr lnger, cnsume mre and in general be a bst t the ecnmy.
    【答案】:was ; t increase ; numbers ; by ; cmpared ; lder ; particularly ; a ; be placed ; and
    解析:1.考查谓语动词的变化。根据本句时间标志in 1950,可知这里为一般过去时。故答案:为was。
    2.考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。本句谓语为is expected,所以increase要用非谓语的形式。又根据固定搭配be expected t d,故答案:为t increase。
    3.考查名词复数。本句谓语为are,根据主谓一致原则,主语需要用复数形式。故答案:为numbers。
    4.考查介词。根据本句谓语为is driven被动语态,译为 "被驱使" ,可知后面的介词为by。故答案:为by。
    5.考查非谓语动词。根据本句…ld generatins are large句子已经完整了,所以cmpare "相比" 要用非谓语的形式,cmpare和逻辑主语ld generatins之间为被动的关系,所以要用过去分词dne的形式。故答案:为cmpared。
    6.考查形容词比较级。根据本句than可知该空为形容词比较级。故答案:为lder。
    7.考查副词词性转换。根据本句This is true in the USA, 句子已经完整了,应填入副词,所以形容词particular需要转化为副词particularly。故答案:为particularly。
    8.考查冠词。第一次出现的单数名词前需要加不定冠词,又very为辅音音素开头。故答案:为a。
    9.考查谓语动词的变化。根据本句主语attentin,与本句谓语place之间为被动的关系,所以需要用被动语态be dne的形式。又前面有个情态动词shuld,其后应加动词原形。故答案:为be placed。
    10.考查连词。根据本空前后都为形容词的比较级,故这里应该填并列连词。又因为healthier和mre prductive不存在转折含义,为递进关系。故答案:为and。
    2020全国3卷
    In ancient China lived an artist 1 paintings were almst lifelike. The artist's reputatin had made him prud. One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait(画像) dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their 2 (fine)wrk, s that he culd chse the best. The artist was sure he wuld 3 (chse), but when he presented his masterpiece t the emperr's chief minister, the ld man laughed. The wise ld man tld him t travel t the Li River—perhaps he culd learn a little frm the greatest artist in the wrld.
    Filled with 4 (curius), the artist packed his bags and left. 5 he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary(传奇的) artist, they smiled and 6 (pint)dwn the river. The next mrning he hired a bat and set ut 7 (find)the well-knwn painter. As the small bat mved, 8 (gentle)alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and muntains in many shades f blue. And when he saw the mists rising frm the river and the sft cluds 9 (surrund)the muntain tps, he was reduced t tears. The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 10 earth, Mther Nature.
    【答案】:whse ; finest ; be chsen ; curisity ; When 或 As ; pinted ; t find ; gently ; surrunding ; n
    解析:1.这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生,有一天他将画送给宰相时,这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。
    考查定语从句。句意:中国古代有一位画家,他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist,且先行词在从句中作定语,故应用关系代词whse。故填whse。
    2.考查最高级。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。结合句意,皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示"最好的"此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
    3.考查动词语态。句意:画家确信他会被选中,但是当他把他的杰作送给皇帝的宰相时,这位老人笑了。本句中主语he与谓语动词chse构成被动关系,且wuld后跟动词原形。故填be chsen。
    4.考查名词,句意:怀着好奇心,艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词,后跟名词curisity作宾语,表示"好奇心"。故填curisity。
    5.考查连接词。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。本句为时间状语从句,表示"当……时候",且从句中动词asked为短暂性动作动词,不能用while引导,故应用when或as引导。句首单词首字母要大写。故填When/As。
    6.考查动词时态。句意:当他问河岸上的村民,他在哪里可以找到这位传奇艺术家时,他们笑着指着河的下游。根据上文they smiled and可知此处应用一般过去时。故填pinted。
    7.考查非谓语动词。句意:第二天早上,他租了一条船,出发去找这位著名的画家。结合句意表示"出发去做某事"短语为set ut t d sth.,后跟不定式做目的状语。故填t find。
    8.考查副词。句意:当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时,山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词mved应用副词gently作状语,表示"缓缓地"。故填gently。
    9.考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the sft cluds (surrund)the muntain tps是独立主格结构做状语,surrund在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语cluds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrunding。
    10.考查介词。句意:这位艺术家最终被世界上最伟大的艺术家——大自然母亲所折服。结合句意表示"在世界上"短语为n earth。故填n。
    2020全国2卷
    Decrating with Plants, Fruits and Flwers fr Chinese New Year
    Chinese New Year is a 1 (celebrate)marking the end f the winter seasn and the beginning f spring. This is why decrating with plants, fruits and flwers 2 (carry)special significance. They represent the earth 3 (cme)back t life and best wishes fr new beginnings.
    These are sme f the mst ppular in many parts f the cuntry:
    Oranges: Orange trees are mre 4 decratin; they are a symbl f gd frtune and wealth. They make great gifts and yu see them many times 5 (decrate)with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.
    Bamb: Chinese lve their "Lucky Bamb" plants and yu will see them ften in their hmes and ffices. 6 (certain)during the hliday perid, this plant is a must. Bamb plants are assciated 7 health, abundance and a happy hme. They are easy 8 (care)fr and make great presents.
    Branches f Plum Blssms(梅花): The 9 (beauty)lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins. The plum trees are 10 first t flwer even as the snw is melting(融化). They represent the prmise f spring and a renewal f life.
    【答案】:celebratin ; carries ; cming ; than ; decrated ; Certainly ; with ; t care ; beautiful ; the
    解析:1.考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝活动,标志着冬季的结束和春天的开始。根据空格前的不定代词a可知空格处需要用名词形式,celebrate动词,庆祝,名词形式为celebratin。所以【答案】:为celebratin。
    2.考查动词的时态。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。分析句子结构可知从句中缺少谓语动词,根据主从句时态一致可知从句中需要用一般现在时态,主语为decrating with plants, fruits and flwers,动名词做主语,谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式,所以【答案】:为carries。
    3.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着地球重新焕发生机,并对新的开始表示最美好的祝愿。分析句子结构可知句中已经有谓语动词represent,空格处需用非谓语动词,cme和the earth之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以需要用现在分词表主动,所以【答案】:为cming。
    4.考查介词。句意:橘子树不仅仅是装饰品。mre than固定搭配,表示不仅仅,所以【答案】:为than。
    5.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很棒的礼物,你经常会看到用红包和好运的信息装饰着的它们。分析句子结构可知空格处为非谓语动词,decrate和them(橘子树)之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词形式,所以【答案】:为decrated。
    6.考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是非常必要的。分析句子结构可知空格处做状语,需用副词形式,certain形容词,当然的,副词形式为certainly。所以【答案】:为 Certainly。
    7.考查介词。句意:竹子植物与健康、富足和幸福的家园联系在一起。be assciated with…固定搭配,表示与……有关联。所以【答案】:为with。
    8.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很容易做成很棒的礼物。分析句子结构可知空格前为主系表结构,当表语为easy, hard, difficult, light, heavy, cheap, dangerus等形容词时,其后用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义,所以【答案】:为t care。
    9.考查形容词做定语。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,是很棒的装饰品。分析句子结构可知空格处做表语修饰名词branches,需要用形容词形式,beauty名词,美丽,形容词形式为beautiful。所以【答案】:为beautiful。
    10.考查冠词。句意:即使雪正在融化,梅树也是最先开花的。序数词first前需要用定冠词the,所以【答案】:为the。
    2020全国1卷
    China has becme the first cuntry t land a spacecraft n the far side f the mn. The unmanned Chang'e-4 prbe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess— 1 (tuch)dwn last week in the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. Landing n the mn's far side is 2 (extreme)challenging. Because the mn's bdy blcks direct radi cmmunicatin with a prbe, China first had t put a satellite in rbit abve the mn in a spt 3 it culd send signals t the spacecraft and t Earth. The far side f the mn is f particular 4 (interesting)t scientists because it has a lt f deep craters(环形山), mre s 5 the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hpe t use the instruments nbard Chang'e-4 6 (find)and study areas f the Suth Ple-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists, " Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brwn University, says, "because it 7 (mean)we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn 8 (cnstruct)." Data abut the mn's cmpsitin, such as hw 9 ice and ther treasures it cntains, culd help China decide whether 10 (it)plans fr a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
    【答案】:tuched ; extremely ; where ; interest ; than ; t find ; means ; is cnstructed ; much ; its
    解析:1.本文主要讲到的是中国的科学研究人员对于月球远侧的探索和研究。考查动词的时态。句意:无人驾驶的嫦娥四号探测器——这个名字的灵感来自中国古代的一位月亮女神——上周降落在南极艾特肯盆地。分析句子结构可知the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese mn gddess为插入语,句子中缺少谓语动词。tuch dwn着陆,降落,根据时间状语last week可知需要用一般过去时态,所以可知【答案】:为tuched。
    2.考查副词。句意:在月球的远侧着陆是极具挑战性的。修饰形容词challenging,需要用副词形式,extreme为形容词,非常的,尤其的。副词形式为extremely。所以可知【答案】:为extremely。
    3.考查定语从句。句意:由于月球的身体阻碍了与探测器的直接无线电通信,中国首先必须将一颗卫星送入月球上方的轨道,在那里它可以向航天器和地球发送信号。分析句子结构可知本句为定语从句,先行词为spt,在从句中做地点状语,需要用关系副词,所以可知【答案】:为where。
    4.考查名词。句意:科学家们对月球的远侧特别感兴趣,因为它有很多很深的陨石坑,比我们熟悉的近侧更多。be f+名词=be+形容词,interesting形容词,有趣的,名词形式为interest,所以可知【答案】:为interest。
    5.考查介词。句意:科学家们对月球的远侧特别感兴趣,因为它有很多很深的陨石坑,比我们熟悉的近侧更多。根据句意可知本句为比较级,对月球的近侧和远侧做比较,需要用介词than表示比较,所以可知【答案】:为than。
    6.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国研究人员希望利用嫦娥四号上的仪器来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地的区域。根据句意可知空格处表示目的,需要用不定式形式,所以可知【答案】:为t find。
    7.考查动词的时态。句意:因为这意味着我们有机会获得有关月球是如何构成的信息。根据从句中的动词have,可知是一般现在时态,主语为it,谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式,所以可知【答案】:为means。
    8.考查动词的时态和语态。句意:因为这意味着我们有机会获得有关月球是如何构成的信息。cnstruct和主语the mn之间为被动关系,需要用被动语态,根据句意可知需要用一般现在时态的被动语态,所以可知【答案】:为is cnstructed。
    9.考查名词性从句的引导词。句意:有关月球成分的数据,如它含有多少冰和其他宝藏,可以帮助中国决定其未来月球基地的计划是否可行。根据句意可知表示多少,ice为不可数名词,需要用hw much来修饰,所以可知【答案】:为much。
    10.考查形容词性物主代词。句意:有关月球成分的数据,如它含有多少冰和其他宝藏,可以帮助中国决定其未来月球基地的计划是否可行。修饰名词plans需要用形容词性物主代词,it为代词,形容词性物主代词形式为its,所以可知【答案】:为its。
    2020山东卷(新高考)
    Many peple have the hbby f cllecting things, e.g. stamps, pstcards r antiques. In the 18th and 19th centuries, 1 (wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants, histrical bjects and wrks f art. They kept their cllectin at hme until it gt t big 2 until they died, and then it was given t a museum. The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane, fr example, 3 (frm) the cre cllectin f the British Museum 4 pened in 1759.
    The parts f a museum pen t the public 5 (call) galleries r rms. Often, nly a small part f a museum's cllectin 6 (be) n display. Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.
    Many museums are lively places and they attract a lt f visitrs. As well as lking at exhibits, visitrs can play with cmputer simulatins (模拟) and imagine 7 (they) living at a different time in histry r 8 (walk) thrugh a rainfrest. At the Jrvik Centre in Yrk, the city's Viking settlement is recreated, and peple experience the sights, sunds and smells f the ld twn. Histrical 9 (accurate) is imprtant but s is entertainment. Museums must cmpete 10 peple's spare time and mney with ther amusements. Mst museums als welcme schl grups and arrange special activities fr children.
    【答案】:1.wealthy 2.r 3.frmed 4.which 或 that 5.are called 6.is 7.themselves
    8.walking 9.accuracy 10.fr
    解析:1.考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词peple,应使用形容词作定语。故填wealthy。
    2.考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两种可能性,应使用连词r,意为“或者”。故填r。
    3.考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯·斯隆爵士的8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in 1759可知,应使用一般过去时。故填frmed。
    4.考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯·斯隆爵士8万件藏品构成了1759年开馆的大英博物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是the British Museum,关系词在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。
    5.考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时;主语与call是逻辑上的动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是复数概念。故填are called。
    6.考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应使用一般现在时,主语a small part f a museum's cllectin是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式,且后面的Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.中的is也是提示。故填is。
    7.考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitrs,意为“他们自己”,应使用反身代词。故填themselves。
    8.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分,共同作imagine的宾语补足语,imagine sb. ding sth.意为“想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
    9.考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处作主语,位于形容词Histrical之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
    10.考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定短语:cmpete fr,意为“为了……竞争”。故填fr。
    2020北京卷
    Oliver is a hst f a TV prgramme n fd. He says fd 1 (play) a big rle in his life. "My mum was a great ck, and she'd smetimes let me have a try, " he said. The first dish Oliver prepared fr his family was fried chicken wings. He made it with his mum's help. Oliver says if yu're 2 (luck) enugh t have smene clse t yu wh enjys cking, ask them 3 yu can jin in when it's pssible.
    【答案】:plays 或 has played 或 is playing 或 has been playing ; lucky ; if 或 whether
    解析:1.考查动词的时态。句意:他说食物在他的生活中扮演着重要的角色。根据句意可知表示经常性习惯性的动作,用一般现在时态。主语为 fd,谓语动词需要用第三人称单数形式,故答案:为 plays/has played/is playing/has been playing。
    2.考查形容词做表语。句意:奥利弗说,如果你很幸运,身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人,那就问问他们,如果可能的话,你是否可以加入。luck 名词,幸运,形容词形式为 lucky,故答案:为 lucky。
    3.考查宾语从句。句意:如果你很幸运,身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人,那就问问他们,如果可能的话,你是否可以加入。根据句意可知表达是否,用 if/whether。
    B篇
    Single-use plastic bags are used at mst a few times befre they 1 (thrw) away. It takes them hundreds f years 2 (break) dwn. Many f these bags end up in the cean where larger nes can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dlphins. Over time, the bags fall apart 3 cuntless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat sme f them. Nw, lts f 4 (cuntry) and regins are taking actin t ban the sale f such bags t stp peple using them.
    【答案】:are thrwn ; t break ; int 或 t ; cuntries
    解析:1.考查被动语态。句意:一次性塑料袋在被扔掉之前最多使用几次。结合句意分析可知动词thrw和主语they之间为动宾关系,再根据are used的提示可知使用一般现在时的被动语态。故答案:为:are thrwn。
    2.考查动词不定式。句意:它们需要几百年才能分解。固定句型:It takes sb sme time t d sth, "花费某人时间做某事" 。it为形式主语,动词不定式为真正的主语。故答案:为:t break。
    3.考查介词。句意:随着时间的推移,袋子会分解成无数的小碎片,鱼可能会不小心吃掉其中的一些。动词短语:fall apart int/t pieces, "破碎,倒塌" 。故答案:为:int 或 t。
    4.考查名词复数。句意:现在,许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子,以阻止人们使用它们。根据lts f的提示可知使用名词的复数形式。故答案:为:cuntries。
    A piece f stne 1 (find)n a Dutch beach suggests that ur extinct human relatives, knwn as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previusly thught. The Neanderthals 2 (live)alngside human ancestrs in Eurpe fr tens f thusands f years, befre dying ut abut 40, 000 years ag. They were much strnger than mdern humans, but it's lng been assumed that human ancestrs were 3 (smart)than the Neanderthals. Hwever, the stne tl made by Neanderthals suggests therwise.
    【答案】:fund ; lived 或 had lived 或 had been living ; smarter
    解析:1.考查非谓语动词做定语。句意:在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明,我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚,也就是众所周知的尼安德特人,比之前想象的更聪明。find和所修饰的名词 stne 之间为被动关系,用过去分词做后置定语,故答案:为 fund。
    2.考查动词的时态。句意:尼安德特人在欧洲与人类祖先一起生活了数万年。根据句意可知是在描述过去的事情,需用一般过去时,并且通过befre dying ut abut 40, 000 years ag. 也可用过去完成时或过去完成进行时,故答案:为 lived/had lived/had been living。
    3.考查形容词的比较级。句意:但长期以来,人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。根据句意可知是形容词的比较级,故答案:为 smarter。
    2020.1上海卷
    The Ball Game f Mesamerica
    The sprt knwn simply as the Ball Game was ppular acrss Mesamerica and played by all the majr civilizatins frm the Olmecs t the Aztecs. The impressive stne curts became a staple feature f a city's sacred cmplex and there were ften several playing curts in a single city. 1 it is mre than just a game, the event culd have a religius significance and featured in episdes f Mesamerican mythlgy. The cntests even supplied candidates fr human sacrifice, fr the sprt culd, quite literally, be a game f life r death.
    The game 2 (invent) smetime in the Preclassical Perid (2500—100 BCE), prbably by the Olmec, and became a cmmn Mesamerican-wide feature f the urban landscape by the Classical Perid (300—900 CE). Eventually, the game was even exprted t ther cultures in Nrth America and the Caribbean.
    In Mesamerican mythlgy the game is an imprtant element in the stry f the Maya gds Hun Hunahpú and Vucub Hunahpú. The pair annyed the gds f the underwrld with their nisy playing and the tw brthers were tricked int descending int Xibalba (the underwrld) 3 they were challenged t a ball game. 4 (lse) the game, Hun Hunahpús had his head cut ff; a fretaste f 5 wuld becme cmmn practice fr players unfrtunate enugh t lse a game.
    In 6 legend, a famus ball game was held at the Aztec capital f Tenchtitlan 7 the Aztec king Mtecuhzma Xcytzin (r. 1502—1520 CE) and the king f Texcc. The latter 8 (predict) that Mtecuhzma's kingdm wuld fall and the game was set-up 9 (establish) the truth f this bld predictin. Mtecuhzma lst the game and did, f curse, lse his kingdm at the hands f the invaders frm the Old Wrld. The stry als supprts the idea 10 the ball game was smetimes used fr the purpses f divinatin.
    【答案】Althugh 或 Thugh 或 While ; was invented ; where ; Lsing ; what ; anther ; between ; had predicted ; t establish ; that
    【解析】1 :
    本文主要讲述了球类运动的起源以及中美洲神话。
    考查连词。句意:虽然这不仅仅是一场游戏,但这一事件可能具有宗教意义,并以中美洲神话为特色。分析句子成分结构可知,前后句表达意思相反,所以本空应填连词althugh 或 thugh 或 while。故答案为:Althugh/Thugh/While。
    2: 考查动词时态、主谓一致和被动语态。句意:这个游戏是在前古典时期(公元前2500-100年)的某个时候发明的。根据本空后的 "in the Preclassical Perid (2500—100 BCE)" 可知,句子采用一般过去时。又因为主语和动词invent之间构成被动语态,所以本空采用被动语态。因为主语the game为单数,所以此处be动词采用单数形式。故答案为:was invented。
    3: 考查定语从句引导词。句意:两兄弟吵闹的游戏惹恼了地下世界的众神,两兄弟被诱骗到西巴尔巴(地下世界) ,在那里他们被挑战一场球赛。分析句子成分结构可知, " they were challenged t a ball game." 为定语从句修饰先行词 "Xibalba (the underwrld)" 。先行词指地点且在主句中作状语,所以本空应填where。故答案为:where。
    4: 考查非谓语动词。句意:输掉这场比赛,Hun Hunahpús被砍掉了头。分析句子成分结构可知,本空应填非谓语动词。又因为主语Hun Hunahpús和动词lse构成主谓关系,所以本空应填现在分词,即Lsing。故答案为:Lsing。
    5: 考查宾语从句引导词。句意:这是对于不幸输了比赛的球员的一种预演。分析句子成分结构可知, " wuld becme cmmn practice fr players unfrtunate enugh t lse a game." 为宾语从句,本空所填引导词在从句中作主语。再结合句意可知,本空应填what。故答案为:what。
    6: 考查形容词。句意:在另一个传说中,阿兹特克国王莫特库祖马·克奥乔津和德克萨斯国王,在阿兹特克首都特诺奇蒂特兰举行了一场著名的球赛。根据句意可知,本空应填形容词anther。故答案为:anther。
    7: 考查介词。句意:在另一个传说中,阿兹特克国王莫特库祖马·克奥乔津和德克萨斯国王,在阿兹特克首都特诺奇蒂特兰举行了一场著名的球赛。根据本空后的 "the Aztec king Mtecuhzma Xcytzin (r. 1502—1520 CE) and the king f Texcc" 可知,本空应填介词between。故答案为:between。
    8: 考查动词时态。句意:后者曾预言莫特库佐马的王国会垮台,而这场游戏的目的就是为了证实这一大胆预言的真实性。根据句意可知,动作predict发生在过去的过去,所以此处采用过去完成时。故答案为:had predicted。
    9: 考查动词不定式。句意:后者曾预言莫特库佐马的王国会垮台,而这场游戏的目的就是为了证实这一大胆预言的真实性。分析句子成分结构可知,本空应填非谓语动词。又根据句意可知,本空应填动词不定式作目的状语。故答案为:t establish。
    10: 考查同位语从句引导词。句意:这个故事也支持了球类游戏有时被用于占卜的观点。分析句子成分结构可知, " the ball game was smetimes used fr the purpses f divinatin" 空格后内容不缺成分,用于说明the idea,为其同位语。所以本空应填同位语从句引导词that。故答案为:that。
    2020.7上海卷
    One f the earliest-knwn inventins is the bw and arrw, which is still used thrughut the wrld tday, 15, 000 years 1 it was first invented. Of curse, these days, the bw and arrw 2 (use) mainly in sprting events, but in sme places it is still a means f killing animals fr fd.
    In western Asia, anther extremely imprtant inventin was brn—the ability t prduce pts. As lng as 6500 years ag, peple were prducing pttery, mstly plain and withut designs, but the technique has changed little since.
    Sme peple say that the wheel is the single mst imprtant inventin. Early examples frm abut 5000 years ag have been fund in the frests f Eurpe. Arund 1500 years later, the Phenicians used sand, limestne and sdium carbnate t prduce 3 else we wuld be lst withut—glass.
    Hw many things d yu lck with a key every day? Drs, cupbards? The car? We really dn't think much abut them, 4 we? Well, the first example f a lck and key dates back t 2750 years ag, in Assyria. This is a lck n a large wden dr in the palace f SargnⅡ.
    Anther amazing inventin, prbably 5 (take) by us fr granted these days, is the skill f knitting which first appeared in the Rman Empire, sme 1700 years ag. The 6 (early) examples are knitted scks!
    Eye glasses develped frm just ne lens in a frame, like a simple magnifying glass, way back in the 13th century. In abut 1290, the idea t put tw lenses in a frame t sit n the nse was develped in Flrence. And, believe it r nt, the mdern cntact lens is 120 years ld!
    Time flies and we spend a lt f time 7 (check) hw much time we have left! This wuld be impssible 8 clcks and watches, 9 are all arund us: On walls. On ur wrists, n ur PCs, and even n ur mbiles and iPd's. The first pcket watch was invented by Thmas Tmpin (1639—1714) in England 330 years ag, and his watch-face design, with tw (and smetimes three) hands mving arund a single dial, 10 (remain) largely unchanged in all that time.
    【答案】after ; is used ; smething ; d ; taken ; earliest ; checking ; withut ; which ; has remained
    【解析】1 : 文章大意:本文主要讲述了在人类发展历史中起到重要作用的几项发明。
    考查连词。句意:已知最早的发明之一是弓箭,在它被发明15000年后,至今仍在全世界使用。根据句意可知,本空应填连词after。故答案为:after。
    2: 考查被动语态、主谓一致和动词时态。句意:当然,现在弓箭主要用于体育比赛,但在一些地方,它仍然是一种捕杀动物作为食物的手段。分析句子成分结构可知,本空应采用被动语态。又根据上下文可知,此处采用一般现在时。又根据第二段第一句 "…the bw and arrw, which is still used …" 可知,本空应填is used。故答案为:is used。
    3: 考查代词。句意:大约1500年后,腓尼基人用沙子、石灰石和碳酸钠生产了另一种东西——玻璃。根据句意和本空后的 "else" 可知,本空应填代词smething。故答案为:smething。
    4: 考查反义疑问句。句意:我们真的不怎么想他们,不是吗?分析句子成分结构可知,此处是反义疑问句。反义疑问句,前肯后否,前否后肯,附加部分的时态要和前面陈述句时态保持一致。根据本空前的 "We really dn't think much abut them" 可知,本空应填助动词d。故答案为:d。
    5: 考查非谓语动词。句意:另一项惊人的发明,可能是我们现在理所当然地发明的,是编织技术,它最早出现在1700年前的罗马帝国。分析句子成分结构可知,本空应填非谓语动词。又根据本空后的 "by us" 可知,本空应填动词的过去分词,即taken。故答案为:taken。
    6: 考查形容词最高级。句意:最早的例子是针织袜!根据句意可知,此处采用形容词最高级,即earliest。故答案为:earliest。
    7: 考查固定搭配。句意:时间过得很快,我们花了很多时间查看我们还剩多少时间!固定搭配:spend+时间/金钱+ding sth. 花费时间/金钱做某事,所以本空应填checking。故答案为:checking。
    8: 考查介词。句意:如果没有我们身边的钟表,这是不可能的。根据句意可知,本空应填介词withut。故答案为:withut。
    9: 考查定语从句引导词。句意:如果没有我们身边的钟表,这是不可能的。分析句子成分结构可知, " are all arund us" 为非限制性定语从句,先行词 "clcks and watches" 指物且在从句中作主语,所以本空应填which。故答案为:which。
    10: 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:第一块怀表是330年前由英国人托马斯·汤皮恩(1639-1714)发明的,他的表盘设计——一个表盘上有两根(有时是三根)指针转动——一直基本没有改变。分析句子成分结构可知,此处的主语为 "his watch-face design" ,所以谓语动词采用单数形式。根据句末的时间状语 "in all that time" 可知,此处采用现在完成时。故答案为:has remained。
    ①主格
    ②宾格
    ③形容词性物主代词
    ④名词性物主代词
    ⑤反身代词
    I
    me
    my
    mine
    myself
    we
    us
    ur
    urs
    urselves
    yu
    yu
    yur
    yurs
    yurself
    yu
    yu
    yur
    yurs
    yurselves
    he
    him
    his
    his
    himself
    she
    her
    her
    hers
    herself
    it
    it
    its
    its
    itself
    they
    them
    their
    theirs
    themselves

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