Units1-2单元思维导图 人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 1短语2. 单词用法be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 need to do sth. 需要做某事 see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 ask sb. sth. 询问某人某事expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 want to do sth. 想做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人某事 have problem (in) 3.语法1. 情态动词shouldShould意为“应当，应该”,后面必须跟动词原形一起构成谓语，没有人称和数的变化。用于表达职责和义务、提出劝告。Should的句型结构：肯定句：They should eat a balanced diet.否定句：They shouldn’t eat too much.一般疑问句: -Should I close the window? -Yes, you should./No, you shouldn’t.Should的用法：表示劝告和建议：You should answer this question in English。表示推测：They should be at home now.表示惊讶、赞叹、不满等：How should I know it.2.反身代词1、用作动词宾语反身代词用在动词后面，作动词的宾语，构成固定短语。如：玩得开心enjoy oneself; 自学teachoneself; 伤着自己hurt oneself;自我介绍introduce oneself to sb; 自己穿衣服dressoneself2、用作介词宾语反身代词可以用在介词to, for, by, of,等后面作介词宾语.例：She is talking to herself,她在自言自语.3、用作同位语反身代词可以作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调作用，意思是：亲自、本身等。作主语同位语可以放在主语的后面或者是句子的后面。例：She herself is a teacher.t她本人是一个老师.4、用作表语反身代词用在be,feeL,seem,Look等系动词后作表语，用来表示身体或精神状态。如：I am feeling myself again.我感觉自己健康如初.5、固定用法在一些固定短语中表示不同意思，需要特别记忆如：Help yourself to some fish.请随便吃些鱼吧.Please make yourself at home..请别客气.Unit 2重点词汇(1)could情态动词， “可以”，其后接动词原形，用于提出建议或表示允许，语气比can委婉。You could take a break.你可以休息一下。[拓展]could表示过去的能力时，是can的过去式，意为“能”。He could swim when he was five years old.他5岁时就会游泳。(2)clean up打扫（或清除）干净 He often helps his parents clean up their room on weekends. Your room is dirty. You should clean it up.[拓展]clean-up用作名词，意为“打扫；清洁”。We must give our classroom a good clean-up.（3）cheer up（使）变得更高兴：振奋起来”，既可作及物动词短语，也可作不及物动词短语。人称代词作宾语时，必须放在cheer与up之间。He cheered up at once when I agreed to help him.(4) give out 分发；散发，相当于hand outWe'll give/hand out leaflets at the supermarket afterschool. [拓展]give out的其他含义：①意为“发出（光、热、声音、气味等）”。The sun gives out light and heat. ②意为“用完，耗尽”。Our supplies are giving out. (5) volunteer此处用作不及物动词，意为“自愿做；义务做”，后常跟介词in, for等。Volunteering makes you look at the world differently.They volunteer for the work in the club.[拓展]①volunteer也可用作及物动词，意为“自愿做；义务做”，volunteer to do sth.意为“自愿做某事”Jenny volunteered to clean up the room after the party.②volunteer还可用作可数名词，意为“志愿者”。I want to be a volunteer in the city.(6)come up with意为“想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等)”，相当于think up.Can't you come up with a better idea?[拓展]come的其他常用短语有：come over顺便拜访 come out出来；开花；（书等）出版come in进来 come on快点儿；加油 come up走近；走上前来come down下来 come from来自 come true实现(7)put off “推迟”，其后常跟名词、代词或动词ing形式等作宾语。They put off the match because of the heavy rain.[拓展]put的常用短语还有：put up张贴；搭建；举起 put back放回原处；把（钟）拨慢put one's heart into全神贯注于 put on穿上；上演；发胖put out熄灭 put away收起来；放好 put down放下(8) call up意为“打电话给；征召”，人称代词作宾语时必须放在两词中间。When you come up with a plan, please call me up.I was called up three months after the war broke out.They told me stories about the past and howthings used to be. (9)used to在课本中表示过去一度存在但现在已经消失的某一特定的情形。作这一用法讲时，used to常与be ,have, live, stay, like, love等词连用，表示曾…He used to be a climber. [拓展]①used to do sth.还可用来表示“过去常常做某事”，但现在不那样做了。We used to take risks when we were children.have a cold 感冒have a sore back 背酸have a stomachache 胃痛lie down 躺下get an X-ray 拍X光take one’ s temperature 量体温put some medicine on 在….上敷药have a fever 发烧take breaks/ take a break 休息without thinking twice 没多想get off 下车wait for 等待to one’s surprise 令人惊讶thanks to 多亏in time 及时think about 考虑get into trouble 遇到麻烦fall down 摔倒cut off 切除be in control of 掌控give up 放弃