初中英语语法精讲+精练-主谓一致
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这是一份初中英语语法精讲+精练-主谓一致,共10页。试卷主要包含了语法一致,意义一致,就近一致等内容,欢迎下载使用。
定义:主谓一致指句子的谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。
主谓一致要遵循三个基本原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致
语法一致指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也用复数形式。
1.单数可数名词或代词单数、不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;可数名词复数或代词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:He wrks at a radi statin.
他在广播电台工作。
The manager is ging t take a dinner party tnight.
那位经理今晚将要参加晚宴。
In fact, the Internet has changed the way we cmmunicate.
实际上,网络已经改变了我们的交流方式。
2.由and或 bth... and...连接的并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a sn called Mike.
布莱克夫妇有个儿子叫迈克。
Bth Nancy and Jhn are Grade 8 students.
南希和约翰都是八年级的学生。
3.用“ne,every ne, each ne, any ne, each, either,neither等+f+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数 形式。
如:Each ne f the children is eager t g hme.
每个孩子都想回家。
Neither f the students is cming t the party.
两个学生都没有来参加聚会。
4.不定代词either,neither,each, ne, the ther, anther, smene, smebdy,smething,anyne, anything, everyne,everybdy,everything,nthing,n ne.等作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
如:Everyne is gd at smething, but sme peple are truly talented.
每个人都擅长某件事,但有些人真的很有天赋。
Everything has tw sides—a gd ne and a bad ne.
任何事物都有两面性——好的一面和坏的一面
N ne wants t waste time talking t smene wh is nt hnest.
没有人愿意浪费时间与不诚实的人交谈。
5.不定式、动名词或从句作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
如:Making a difference means making a gd change.
有所作为意味着做出好的改变。
6.主语后带有伴随状语with,tgether with, alng with, as well as等时,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致。
如:The by alng with his parents ges t the science museum nce a week.
这个男孩和他的父母每周去一次科学博物馆。
Trees as well as grass grw everywhere in the village.
村庄里到处都是树和草。
7.数量词 mst.rest,several, many,few,分数、百分数等+f+名词”作主语,谓语动词与f后的名词保持数的一致。如果f后的名词是单数名词不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;f后的名词是复数名词,谓语动词用复数。
如:Mst f her paintings are dne in waterclur.
她大部分的画都是水彩画。
Several f the guests have decided t walk hme.
几个客人已经决定步行回家。
The rest f the mney was used t help pr peple.
剩下的钱被用来帮助穷人。
8.“a number f+复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数;“the number f +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
如:A number f trees were planted here last year.
去年这里种植了很多树。
The number f candles is the persn's age.
蜡烛的数量是人的年龄。
9.nne作主语指代不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式;指代可数名词时,谓语动词可用单数形式,也可用复数形式。
如:Is there any water in the bttle?
瓶子里还有水吗?
N,there is nne.
没有,一点也没有。(nne指代water)
10.由两部分构成的名词作主语,如:glasses, trusers,pants,shes 等作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数。如果这类词被a pair f,a kind f 等词修饰时,谓语动词的数与表示计量的词保持一致。
如:My glasses were brken.
我的眼镜坏了。
The shes are t big fr me.
这双鞋对我来说太大了。
The pants are dirty.They need washing.
裤子很脏。它们需要洗一洗。
This kind f shes is mre cmfrtable when yu are running.
当你跑步时,穿这种鞋会更舒服。
11.在定语从句中,关系代词that,wh,which 用作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。
如:This is the girl wh always plays the pian in the music rm.
这是经常在音乐教室弹钢琴的女生。
The bk which has a beautiful cver belngs t me.
封面很漂亮的这本书属于我。
12.在主语和谓语倒装的句子中,动词的数应和其后面主语的数一致。
如:Here cmes the bus.公共汽车来了。
Such were his wrds.这就是他的原话。
练习一:
1.Linda and I_____discussing hw t prtect ur eyes.(be)
2. Reading usually_____ fur steps and it's nt easy t finish.(include)
3. The teacher tgether with the students________ t have a schl trip next week.(plan)
4. In China, peple always invites their relatives t celebrate the festivals tgether.(改错)
A B C D
_____________________________________
5. Yur trusers lks very cl. And yu can try n the shes.(改错)
A B C D
_____________________________________
二、意义一致
意义一致指主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义,而非语法上的单、复数形式。比如有时主语在形式上并非复数,但在意义上视为复数,随后的谓语动词也用复数形式,反之亦然。
1.表示时间、距离、价值、重量等的名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
如:Three hurs is nt enugh t finish the wrk.
三个小时完成这项工作是不够的。
100 dllars has been raised.
已经筹集到了100美元。
2.集体名词作主语,如果指整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果指具体成员,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:The family are all early risers.
她家的人都喜欢早起。(指家里具体成员)
The family nw lives in Paris.
那家人现在住在巴黎。(指家这一整体概念)
3.表示复数意义的集体名词,如peple,plice,cattle 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
如:The plice are lking fr the lst by.
警察正在寻找这个失踪的男孩。
Peple wear different traditinal clthes all arund the wrld.
世界各地的人们穿不同的传统服饰。
4.复数形式、单数意义的名词,如:news, maths, physics, plitics,electrnics 等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
如:Physics is a little difficult fr me.
物理对我来说有点难。
The gd news is that we will have seven days ff.
好消息是我们将有七天的假。
5.单复数同形的名词,如sheep, fish, deer, means, species, series,craft等作主语,谓语动词要根据句意来确定。表示单数意义时,谓语动词用单数,反之用复数。
如:Every means has been tried t find the truth.
为了找到真相,每种方法都试过了。
The means f cmmunicatin between here and utside are interrupted.
这里同外界的交流方式都被中断了。
6.“the+形容词/分词”表示一类人作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;表示一类事物或抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:The ld need t be taken care f.
老人需要被照顾。
The beautiful gives pleasure t all.
美好的事物给所有人带来快乐。
The new is sure t replace the ld.
新事物一定会代替旧事物。
7.the+姓氏复数”表示“一家人或夫妇二人”作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式。
如:The Greens are ging t have a picnic n the weekend.
格林先生一家人打算这个周末去野餐。
The Smiths are cming t dinner.
史密斯一家将要去赴宴。
8.由and连接的并列成分作主语时,并列成分如果指同一个人、事物或者概念(and后无冠词),谓语动词用单数形式。
如:The scientist and dctr is ging t give us sme advice n keeping healthy.
(一人身兼两职)
这位科学家兼医生将会给我们一些关于保持健康的建议。
(有些由and 连接的名词,由于关系密切常被视为一个整体,因此用作主语时,谓语动词用单数。)
如:Bread and milk is her favrite breakfast.
(视为一个整体)
面包加牛奶是她最喜欢的早餐。
9.and连接的两个或多个不定式、动名词或从句作主语表示不同概念时,谓语动词用复数形式;若表示同一概念谓语动词用单数形式。
如:T g t bed early and t rise early is a gd habit.
早睡早起是一个好习惯。
T play basketball and t g swimming are useful fr character-training.
打篮球和游泳对于性格的塑造都是有用的。
10.“ ,“every... and every...”和 n...”类结构作主语时,谓语动词用单数
如:Every by and every girl has the right t get educatin.
男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。
N bird and n beast is seen in the lnely island.
这座孤岛上既没有鸟也没有野兽。
11.“mre than ne/many a+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
如:Mre than ne activity was invlved in this prject.
这个项目涉及不止一个活动。
Many a student wants t reduce hmewrk.
许多学生想要减少家庭作业。
“mre than ne +单数名词”在There be结构中作主语,谓语动词用单复数均可。
如:There is/are mre than ne pssible slutin.
可能的解决办法不止一种。
“mre+复数名词+than ne"作主语,谓语动词用复数。
如:Mre rads than ne lead t the muntain village.
= Mre than ne rad leads t the muntain village.
通往那个山村的路不止一条。
练习二:
1. N water and plant_______ seen in this desert.(be)
2. A dancer and singer_________ been invited t take part in the party.(have)
3. The yung is asked t respect the ld and behave plitely.(改错)
A B C D
______________________________
4. Three hundred and fifty punds seem an unreasnable price fr a secnd-hand car.(改错)
A B C D
______________________________
三、就近一致
就近一致指谓语动词的数与邻近它的名词或代词的数一致。
1.r, , neither... nr..., nt als...等并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的数与最邻近的名词或代词保持一致。
如:Neither Millie nr her friends knw abut types f persnality.
米莉和她的朋友们都不知道个性的类型。
Nt nly the students but als the teacher is cming t my birthday party.
不仅学生,老师也将会来参加我的生日聚会。
2.在there/here be或“here+动词”结构中,如果有并列成分作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。
如:There is a pen,a few bks and sme pieces f paper fr yu.
这是给你的一支钢笔、几本书和几张纸。
Here cmes a singer and tw dancers.
这里来了一位歌手和两位舞蹈家。
练习三:
1. Neither I nr my brther________well in painting.(d)
2.One r tw new cmers________ cming this evening.(be)
3.There________a table, tw chairs and three bxes in Linda's rm. (be)
4.Either yu r ne f yur students are t attend tmrrw's meeting.(改错)
A B C D
___________________________
5.Nt nly Tm but als his friends speaks English well.(改错)
A B C D
___________________________
练习:
一、单项选择。
1.As we all knw, using public chpsticks_____necessary when we eat with thers.
A.is B. are C. was
2.Ta avid gathering(聚集),neither the students nr their head teacher____ ging t the party this evening.
A.was B. are C. is
3. Tw weeks______ a lng hliday. I advise yu t make a plan fr yur hliday.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
4. Either yu r I _____ging t attend the meeting tmrrw mrning. S have a rest early.
A. am B. was C. are D. were
5. Be plite t thers. After all, nbdy______t cmmunicate with a man wh is rude.
A. want B. wants C. wanted D. will want
6. If smene_____ t cheer yu up, dn't be implite t him r her.
A. try B. tries C. tried D. will try
7. Nt nly I but als my parents_____ ging t visit my aunt this weekend.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. Everyne except Amy and Lucy_______ playing ping-png in the playgrund.(enjy)
2. The museum is very interesting. All f us_________ t g there nce again. (dream)
3. The whle family________ watching TV when smene kncked at the dr.(be)
4. The famus singer and dancer_______ ging t Xi'an t give a perfrmance next week.(be)
5. Bth Jim and Mike_________ t visit the Great Wall this weekend.(plan)
答案:
练习一:
1.are 2.includes 3.plans
4.B----invite
5.A----lk
练习二:
1.is 2.has
3.A----are
4.B----seems
练习三:
1.des 2.are 3.is
4.C----is
5.C----speak
练习:
一、1-5:A C A A B
6-7: B B
二、1.enjys 2.dream 3.were
4. is 5.plan
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